Perforating and logging data deep fusion method, system and device based on multi-layer cooperative architecture and medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of oil and gas well perforation, and particularly relates to a perforation and logging data depth fusion method based on a multi-layer cooperative architecture, comprising the following steps: defining a plurality of operation stages and a collection rate configuration table in a downhole control unit; calling a first collection rate configuration table corresponding to a current operation stage by using the downhole control unit, controlling a logging sensor to collect formation parameter and upload data, and controlling a perforation device to perform state communication; when a preset perforation trigger condition is met, switching the current operation stage to a perforation execution stage, and calling a second collection rate configuration table to assign a highest communication priority to the perforation device to perform a perforation operation; and time aligning and fusing the time point of a perforation ignition event with logging data in a time window to form an associated data set. The method of the present application embodiment can improve the operation efficiency of perforation and logging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas well perforation technology, specifically to a method, system, equipment, and medium for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture. Background Technology

[0002] In unconventional oil and gas resource development, multi-stage cluster perforation and logging combined operations are key technologies for improving oil and gas recovery. Currently, the industry generally uses single-core cables as the sole communication and power supply channel between the downhole tool string and the surface system. Under this physical constraint, existing technical solutions mainly focus on single-level improvements such as communication protocol optimization or sensor integration. For example, patent CN119641325A proposes a high-speed communication method using single-core cables, aiming to improve the data transmission rate at the physical layer and provide a basic communication channel for solving the co-transmission of perforation commands and logging data. However, such solutions still treat perforation and logging as two independent or manually switchable functional modules, failing to achieve deep synergy between perforation and logging functions at the system level in terms of operational processes and control logic.

[0003] Based on this, although existing technologies have achieved data co-transmission over physical channels to some extent, they have not solved the resulting systemic technical bottlenecks. First, perforation and logging operations are executed sequentially in independent phases, resulting in fragmented workflows, lengthy operation cycles, and an inability to dynamically optimize perforation strategies using real-time formation data. Second, the bandwidth constraints of single-core cables create a fundamental conflict between the low-latency, high-reliability transmission requirements of perforation control commands and the high-bandwidth, continuous transmission requirements of logging data. The independence of logging data and perforation events in terms of time and system architecture makes it difficult to use formation response information for real-time monitoring and effect evaluation of the perforation process. Existing technical solutions mostly focus on single-level improvements such as communication protocol optimization or sensor integration, failing to build a collaborative architecture encompassing communication resource allocation, dynamic scheduling control, and data fusion applications. This makes it difficult to unify perforation safety, continuous logging data acquisition, and real-time evaluation of operation effects, becoming a core technical bottleneck restricting the deep integration of perforation and logging technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical challenge of simultaneously achieving perforation operations, logging data acquisition, and real-time performance evaluation under the limited bandwidth of single-core cables, and to improve the efficiency of perforation and logging operations, this invention provides a method, system, equipment, and medium for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture, the method comprising:

[0006] Based on the perforation and logging operation process of the target oil and gas well, multiple operation stages are predefined in the downhole control unit, along with acquisition rate configuration tables corresponding to each operation stage. The acquisition rate configuration tables include the communication priority of perforation control commands, the data acquisition rate of logging sensors, and the upload priority.

[0007] During downhole operations, the downhole control unit calls the first acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the current operation stage, controls the logging sensors to acquire formation parameters and upload data according to the first acquisition rate configuration table, and controls the perforation device to perform status communication.

[0008] When the preset perforation triggering conditions are met, the downhole control unit switches the current operation stage to the perforation execution stage and calls the second acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the perforation execution stage. According to the second acquisition rate configuration table, the highest communication priority is assigned to the perforation device to perform the perforation operation, and the logging sensor is controlled to continuously acquire preset monitoring parameters at the specified acquisition rate.

[0009] The surface system receives data uploaded from the downhole system, and based on a unified time reference synchronized with the downhole system, the time point of the perforation ignition event is time-aligned and fused with the logging data within the time window to form a correlated dataset for evaluating the perforation effect.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the perforation and logging operation process of the target oil and gas well, multiple operation stages are predefined in the downhole control unit, along with acquisition rate configuration tables corresponding to each operation stage, including:

[0011] Define the well exploration phase and the perforation execution phase;

[0012] Configure a first acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the well exploration stage, wherein the data acquisition rate of the gamma sensor and the magnetic positioning sensor is set to a first value and given a first data upload priority, the data acquisition rate of the resistivity sensor and the acoustic sensor is set to a second value and given a second data upload priority, and the communication priority of the perforation control command is set to be lower than the second data upload priority.

[0013] Configure a second acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the perforation execution stage, wherein the communication priority of the perforation control command is set to the highest priority, the data acquisition rate of the pressure sensor and vibration sensor is set to the third value and a third data upload priority is assigned, wherein the third data upload priority is lower than the highest priority.

[0014] Furthermore, when the preset perforation triggering conditions are met, the downhole control unit switches the current operation stage to the perforation execution stage, including:

[0015] Receive encrypted perforation commands from the ground system, and decrypt and verify the encrypted perforation commands;

[0016] Based on real-time logging data, the system compares the preset standard curve with the real-time logging curve to determine whether the downhole tool string has reached the target perforation level.

[0017] Perform perforation safety checks, including power supply voltage checks, communication link connectivity tests, and perforation device circuit checks;

[0018] When the encrypted perforation command is successfully verified, the downhole tool string reaches the target perforation layer and passes the safety check, it is determined that the perforation triggering condition is met, and the current operation stage is switched to the perforation execution stage.

[0019] Furthermore, the time point of the perforation ignition event is time-aligned and fused with the logging data within the time window, including:

[0020] Taking the time point of the perforation ignition event as the center, the raw data of the logging sensors within the time window are extracted. The raw data of the logging sensors includes pressure sensor data and vibration sensor data.

[0021] The pressure sensor data within the time window is processed, and the peak amplitude and pulse duration of the pressure pulse are extracted as the first feature.

[0022] The vibration sensor data within the time window is processed, the amplitude of the vibration signal is extracted as the second feature, and when the second feature is greater than a preset threshold, a valid perforation vibration event is determined to have occurred.

[0023] The first feature and the second feature are associated with the operating parameters of this perforation, which include the perforation projectile type, charge amount, and phase angle.

[0024] The associated data is structured into records and stored in the database.

[0025] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0026] Before sending data, the communication module of the downhole system generates a cyclic redundancy check code for the data frame to be sent and appends it to the data frame.

[0027] At the data receiving end of the ground system, cyclic redundancy check is performed on the received data frames;

[0028] If the verification fails, the receiving end generates a retransmission request instruction and sends it to the sending end to request the retransmission of the corresponding data frame.

[0029] The sending end counts the number of retransmission request commands received per unit time. If the number exceeds a first preset threshold, the data transmission rate is reduced. If the number exceeds a second preset threshold that is higher than the first preset threshold, the encoding and modulation method is switched.

[0030] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0031] The hardware monitoring circuit continuously monitors whether the main processor of the downhole control unit sends heartbeat pulse signals according to a preset cycle.

[0032] If no heartbeat pulse signal is received within the preset timeout period, the downhole control unit is determined to be faulty. After the fault is determined, the hardware monitoring circuit sends a switching control signal to the line switching circuit.

[0033] The line switching circuit activates after receiving the switching control signal, switching the communication channel of the single-core cable from the controlled path connecting to the downhole control unit to the direct path directly connecting to the perforation device.

[0034] In the direct connection path, perforation commands from the surface system bypass the malfunctioning downhole control unit and are directly transmitted to the perforation device to perform perforation operations.

[0035] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0036] The operating parameters of the perforation device, the operating parameters of the logging sensor, and the operating parameters of the communication link are periodically collected.

[0037] Each collected parameter is compared with its corresponding preset threshold range;

[0038] If any parameter exceeds its threshold range for a preset duration, the functional module is determined to have malfunctioned and a reset signal is generated.

[0039] The downhole control unit is hardware reset using a reset signal, and the acquisition rate configuration table is reloaded after the reset is completed.

[0040] The second aspect of the present invention provides a deep fusion system for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture, and the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture. The system includes a surface system and a downhole system, wherein:

[0041] The downhole system includes a perforation module, a logging module, a control unit, and a communication module;

[0042] The control unit is configured to predefine multiple operation stages and acquisition rate configuration tables corresponding to each operation stage according to the perforation and logging operation process of the target oil and gas well, and to call the acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the current operation stage to control the logging module and the perforation module.

[0043] The communication module is configured to perform data transmission between the downhole system and the surface system;

[0044] The surface system is configured to send instructions to the downhole system, receive and process data uploaded by the downhole system, and perform time alignment and fusion processing of the perforation ignition event time point with the logging data within the time window based on a unified time reference synchronized with the downhole system.

[0045] The third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0046] At least one processor; and,

[0047] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0048] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, enables the at least one processor to perform the deep fusion method of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0049] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the deep fusion method of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0050] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] This invention provides a deep fusion method for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture. By predefining multiple operational stages and corresponding acquisition rate configuration tables, and having the downhole control unit dynamically call the corresponding configuration tables according to the current stage, it achieves adaptive scheduling of the priority of logging sensor data acquisition and upload, and the communication priority of the perforation device. During downhole operations, this method can dynamically switch operational stages according to real-time task requirements. During the perforation execution stage, the highest communication priority is assigned to the perforation command to ensure operational safety and reliability, while maintaining necessary logging monitoring. Finally, relying on a unified time reference between the surface and downhole systems, perforation events and logging data are time-aligned and fused. This effectively coordinates the perforation and logging operation processes under the limited bandwidth of a single-core cable. Unlike the traditional mode of separate execution of perforation and logging operations, this method improves the scheduling capability of data transmission and the timeliness and accuracy of perforation effect evaluation. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally represent the same parts or steps.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a deep fusion method for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a deep fusion system for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an application embodiment of the electronic device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0057] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0058] Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to distinguish different steps, devices, or modules, and do not represent any specific technical meaning, nor do they indicate a necessary logical order between them.

[0059] It should also be understood that in the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" can refer to two or more, and "at least one" can refer to one, two or more.

[0060] It should also be understood that any component, data or structure mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention can generally be understood as one or more unless explicitly defined or given contrary instructions in the context.

[0061] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this invention is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this invention generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0062] It should also be understood that the description of the various embodiments in this invention emphasizes the differences between the various embodiments, and the similarities or similarities can be referred to each other. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail.

[0063] At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual scale.

[0064] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0065] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0066] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0067] Overview of the Invention Concept

[0068] The core inventive concept of this invention lies in addressing the systemic contradiction between the limited bandwidth of single-core cables and the difficulty in simultaneously ensuring safety during perforation operations and balancing continuous acquisition of logging data with real-time performance evaluation. This invention constructs a three-layer collaborative architecture encompassing communication resource allocation, dynamic scheduling and control, and data fusion applications. The system includes a surface system and a downhole system. The downhole system integrates a perforation module, a logging module, a downhole control unit, a downhole communication module, and a downhole power module. The downhole control unit, as the core of the dynamic scheduling and control layer, dynamically coordinates the various modules according to predefined operational phases. The downhole communication module forms the foundation of the communication resource allocation layer, employing frequency division multiplexing and hardware bypass to ensure reliable transmission. The surface system integrates a data fusion module, a surface communication module, a surface control unit, a surface power module, a surface acquisition module, a data storage module, and system software. The surface data fusion module implements the data fusion application layer functions, accurately aligning and fusing perforation events and formation response data through time synchronization. This invention achieves a leap from simultaneous data transmission between perforation and logging to collaborative workflow, contributing to improved operational efficiency, safety, and data value.

[0069] Based on the above inventive concept, the present invention proposes a deep fusion method for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture, as described in the following embodiments.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a deep fusion method for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture, provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The method can be executed on a server (e.g., a cloud service platform, a locally deployed server).

[0072] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The deep fusion method for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture includes:

[0073] Step 100: Based on the perforation and logging operation process of the target oil and gas well, predefine multiple operation stages in the downhole control unit, and a data acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to each operation stage; wherein, the data acquisition rate configuration table includes the communication priority of the perforation control command, the data acquisition rate of the logging sensor, and the upload priority; the operation stage includes at least a downhole exploration stage and a perforation execution stage, the data acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the downhole exploration stage is configured to make the data acquisition rate and upload priority of the logging data higher than the communication priority of the perforation control command; the data acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the perforation execution stage is configured to make the communication priority of the perforation control command the highest.

[0074] Step 200: During downhole operations, the downhole control unit calls the first acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the current operation stage, controls the logging sensor to acquire formation parameters and upload data according to the first acquisition rate configuration table, and controls the perforation device to perform status communication.

[0075] Specifically, during the downhole exploration phase, the downhole control unit invokes the corresponding acquisition rate configuration table, prioritizing high-frequency data acquisition and high-priority uploading for logging sensors used for formation identification and positioning, such as gamma sensors and magnetic positioning sensors. Meanwhile, communication with the perforation device is maintained at a low-frequency, low-priority link hold state. During this phase, logging data is continuously uploaded to the surface for real-time formation profiling and calculation of target perforation layers.

[0076] Step 300: When the preset perforation triggering conditions are met, the downhole control unit switches the current operation stage to the perforation execution stage and calls the second acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the perforation execution stage. According to the second acquisition rate configuration table, the highest communication priority is assigned to the perforation device to perform the perforation operation, and the logging sensor is controlled to continuously acquire preset monitoring parameters at the specified acquisition rate.

[0077] Specifically, the perforation triggering conditions include receiving and verifying an encrypted perforation command from the surface, determining that the downhole tool string has reached the target perforation layer based on real-time logging data, and passing the pre-perforation safety self-check procedure. Once the above conditions are met, the downhole control unit immediately switches the operation phase and calls the perforation execution phase configuration table. At this time, communication and processing resources are allocated to the perforation command channel to ensure its reliability and real-time transmission, so as to safely execute the ignition procedure. Simultaneously, the downhole control unit instructs safety monitoring sensors such as pressure and vibration to maintain their acquisition rate and continue to acquire formation response data at the moment of perforation, but the acquisition and uploading priority of other non-critical logging sensors will be reduced.

[0078] Step 400: Receive data uploaded by the downhole system using the surface system, and based on a unified time reference synchronized with the downhole system, perform time alignment and fusion processing on the time point of the perforation ignition event and the logging data within the time window to form a correlated dataset for evaluating the perforation effect.

[0079] Specifically, the surface system and downhole modules maintain clock synchronization via a time synchronization network. Upon receiving data, the surface system's data fusion module automatically extracts all logging data within the time window, using the timestamp T0 of the perforation ignition event as a reference. These data are then subjected to feature extraction, and the extracted features are correlated with the operational parameters of this perforation. This results in a complete data record integrating "perforation action, formation instantaneous response, and operational parameters," which is stored in the database for performance analysis and subsequent operational optimization.

[0080] In some embodiments, the downhole system includes:

[0081] The perforation module uses electronic detonators and perforation guns to achieve multi-level cluster perforation control, so as to accurately execute perforation operations;

[0082] The logging module integrates logging sensors such as gamma ray sensors, resistivity sensors, acoustic sensors, pressure sensors, and temperature sensors, and each sensor works independently to collect various physical parameters of the formation in real time.

[0083] The downhole control unit is communicatively connected to the perforation module and the logging module, and is configured to dynamically adjust the data acquisition rate of the perforation module and the data acquisition rate of at least one sensor in the logging module according to different operational stages.

[0084] The downhole communication module connects to the downhole control unit and is used to enable data transmission between the downhole system and the surface system.

[0085] The power module provides a stable power supply to all modules of the system in harsh environments such as high temperature and high pressure underground, so as to meet their working needs.

[0086] The surface system is used to send instructions to the downhole system, receive and process data uploaded by the downhole system, and includes a data fusion module;

[0087] As described above, this embodiment achieves adaptive scheduling of logging sensor data acquisition and upload priorities and perforation device communication priorities by predefining multiple operation stages and corresponding acquisition rate configuration tables, and by having the downhole control unit dynamically call the corresponding configuration tables according to the current stage. This method can dynamically switch operation stages according to real-time task requirements during downhole operations. During the perforation execution stage, the highest communication priority is assigned to the perforation command to ensure operational safety and reliability, while maintaining necessary logging monitoring. Finally, relying on a unified time reference between the surface system and the downhole system, perforation events and logging data are time-aligned and fused, effectively coordinating the perforation and logging operation processes under the limited bandwidth of a single-core cable. Compared to the traditional mode of separate execution of perforation and logging operations, this improves the scheduling capability of data transmission and the timeliness and accuracy of perforation effect evaluation.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] Based on Embodiment 1 above, as an optional implementation, according to the perforation and logging operation process of the target oil and gas well, multiple operation stages and acquisition rate configuration tables corresponding to each operation stage are predefined in the downhole control unit, including:

[0090] Define the well exploration phase and the perforation execution phase;

[0091] A first data acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the downhole exploration phase is configured. In this table, the data acquisition rate of the gamma sensor and the magnetic positioning sensor is set to a first value and assigned a first data upload priority; the data acquisition rate of the resistivity sensor and the acoustic sensor is set to a second value and assigned a second data upload priority; and the communication priority of the perforation control command is set lower than the second data upload priority. Specifically, for the gamma sensor used for key layer identification and the magnetic positioning sensor used for precise depth correction, their data acquisition rate is set to a relatively high first value, such as 50Hz, and assigned the highest first data upload priority to ensure that key formation information can be uploaded to the surface in real time and continuously. For other sensors used for formation evaluation, such as resistivity sensors and acoustic sensors, their data acquisition rate is set to a medium second value, such as 5-10Hz, and assigned a second data upload priority, which is lower than the first priority but higher than the perforation command. Simultaneously, the communication priority of the perforation control command is set lower than the second data upload priority. During this phase, the perforation device status is polled only at a low frequency, such as 1Hz, to maintain the communication link without consuming the main bandwidth.

[0092] A second data acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the perforation execution phase is configured. In this table, the communication priority of the perforation control command is set to the highest priority, and the data acquisition rates of the pressure sensor and vibration sensor are set to the third value and assigned a third data upload priority, which is lower than the highest priority. In this configuration table, setting the communication priority of the perforation control command to the highest system priority ensures that the ignition command can be transmitted with minimal latency and maximum reliability, ignoring interference from other data streams. Simultaneously, the data acquisition rates of the pressure sensor and vibration sensor used to monitor perforation dynamics are set to the third value and assigned a third data upload priority. This priority is lower than the highest priority of the perforation command, but ensures the continuous acquisition of critical safety monitoring data during the perforation process.

[0093] Taking the downhole exploration phase as an example, the above configuration is applied as follows: Before the tool string is run downhole, system connection and testing are completed. During the downhole process, the downhole control unit automatically identifies that it is currently in the downhole exploration phase and loads the first acquisition rate configuration table. According to this table, the gamma and magnetic positioning sensors acquire data at a high frequency of 50Hz and upload it first. The surface system then uses this data to draw logging curves in real time and identify lithological interfaces and target strata. Resistivity and other sensors operate at a frequency of 5-10Hz, while the status query of the perforation module is performed at a low frequency of 1Hz during communication gaps. This configuration allows the limited single-core cable bandwidth resources to be intelligently prioritized and allocated to the logging data streams most important to the current phase of the task.

[0094] In summary, this embodiment defines two stages: downhole exploration and perforation execution. By differentiating the data acquisition rate and communication priority for different sensors and functional modules within each stage, an executable dynamic resource scheduling strategy is formed. In actual operation, this strategy ensures the continuity and real-time nature of logging data during downhole exploration, providing a guarantee for accurate positioning. During perforation execution, it unconditionally guarantees the absolute priority of perforation commands while also considering necessary safety monitoring. This embodiment resolves the contradiction between the fixed bandwidth resources of single-core cables and the diverse needs of different operational tasks at the control logic level, providing a scheduling basis for the depth and safety coordination of perforation and logging processes.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] Based on the above embodiments 1 and 2, as an optional implementation, when the preset perforation triggering conditions are met, the downhole control unit switches the current operation stage to the perforation execution stage, including:

[0097] Step 310: Receive encrypted perforation commands from the surface system and decrypt and verify them. The downhole control unit continuously monitors the communication link. Upon receiving a perforation command from the surface system, it first performs security authentication. This command is typically encrypted using an asymmetric encryption algorithm. The downhole control unit decrypts the command using a preset decryption key and verifies its digital signature and the integrity of the command format. This process ensures the command's reliable origin and that its content has not been tampered with.

[0098] Step 320: Based on real-time acquired logging data, the downhole tool string is compared with a preset standard curve to determine whether it has reached the target perforation layer. Specifically, during command authentication, autonomous positioning verification is performed based on real-time acquired logging data. The downhole control unit performs a comparative analysis of the real-time acquired gamma logging curve and magnetic positioning data with the pre-stored target layer standard characteristic curve. For example, by identifying specific abrupt changes in gamma values ​​and magnetic short-nozzle positioning signals, combined with cable depth counting, the precise position of the tool string in the wellbore is calculated in real time. The position condition is deemed met only when the real-time data matches the target layer characteristics to a preset threshold and it is confirmed that the tool string depth has entered the perforation target's allowable range.

[0099] Step 330: Perform a perforation safety check, including power supply voltage check, communication link connectivity test, and perforation device circuit check. Before the final switchover, the downhole control unit automatically performs a comprehensive system safety self-check procedure, including: checking whether the output voltage and current of the power module are within the rated operating range to ensure stable energy supply; testing the bit error rate and signal strength of the uplink and downlink communication links with the surface system to confirm that the command and data channels are unobstructed; and performing insulation tests and loop continuity checks on the detonation circuit inside the perforation device to confirm that it is in a safe ignition state.

[0100] Step 340: When the encrypted perforation command verification is successful, the downhole tool string reaches the target perforation layer, and the safety check passes, the perforation triggering condition is determined to be met, and the current operation stage is switched to the perforation execution stage. The downhole control unit, acting as the decision center, logically integrates the results of the above three sub-steps. Only when all three conditions are met simultaneously—encrypted perforation command verification successful, real-time positioning verification confirming arrival at the target layer, and all system safety self-checks passing—is the system ultimately determined to meet the perforation triggering condition. Once the determination is established, the downhole control unit immediately executes a stage switching operation: forcibly switching from the current downhole exploration or precise positioning stage to the perforation execution stage. The core of the switching action is to call and lock the corresponding second acquisition rate configuration table, granting absolute priority to the perforation command channel for communication resources, and preparing to receive the final ignition command.

[0101] The specific implementation of perforation execution and subsequent transition is as follows: During the perforation execution phase, the encrypted ignition command sent from the surface can be transmitted and executed without interference. After the perforation action occurs, the downhole control unit is not in a static state, but automatically switches to the real-time monitoring phase after perforation. In this phase, the system switches the acquisition rate configuration again, restoring the acquisition and uploading priority of sensors such as gamma, resistivity, and acoustic waves to a high level to monitor dynamic responses such as formation pressure changes and fluid intrusion after perforation. At the same time, the perforation module enters dormancy. The surface system then performs a preliminary assessment of the perforation effect based on the synchronously uploaded, time-stamped full-process data.

[0102] In summary, this embodiment uses a multi-dimensional, serial perforation triggering condition determination logic, including command security authentication, real-time positioning verification, and system status self-check, to grant the final decision-making power to the downhole control unit. This method brings some of the rules of human decision-making down to the wellbore. Through multi-condition fusion judgment, it reduces the safety risks caused by misjudgment of single information or communication delays, ensuring that perforation operations can only be triggered under strict conditions of accurate location, legal command, and healthy system.

[0103] Example 4

[0104] Based on the above embodiments 1, 2, and 3, as an optional implementation, the time point of the perforation ignition event is time-aligned and fused with the logging data within the time window, including:

[0105] Step 410: Using the perforation ignition event time point as the center, extract the raw logging sensor data within the time window. This raw logging sensor data includes pressure sensor data and vibration sensor data. The downhole control unit and each logging sensor embed a microsecond-precision timestamp generated from the same clock source into the raw data frames. When the perforation ignition event is triggered and the precise time T0 is recorded, the surface system's data fusion module automatically extends forward and backward by a preset duration Δt, forming an analysis time window with a total length of 2Δt, centered on this event time point T0. The system accurately extracts all raw logging sensor data with synchronization timestamps within the time window from the raw data pool. This data includes at least the dynamic pressure waveform data from the pressure sensor and the triaxial vibration waveform data from the vibration sensor.

[0106] Step 420: Process the pressure sensor data within the time window, extracting the peak amplitude and pulse duration of the pressure pulse as the first features. First, filter to eliminate low-frequency interference such as downhole pump noise, then identify the pressure pulse signal generated by the perforation explosion. For this main pulse, the algorithm automatically calculates its peak amplitude, i.e., the maximum overpressure value relative to the background pressure, and accurately calculates the pulse duration, usually defined as the time span from the pressure rising to a certain proportion of the peak value to falling back to the same proportion. These two parameters together constitute the first feature set characterizing the perforation energy release and the initial formation response.

[0107] Step 430: Process the vibration sensor data within the time window, extract the amplitude of the vibration signal as the second feature, and determine a valid perforation vibration event when the second feature is greater than a preset threshold. The amplitude feature of the vibration signal can be extracted by calculating the effective value or peak value of the waveform within the time window. To eliminate background vibration interference caused by the normal movement of the downhole tool string, the system sets a preset amplitude threshold based on historical data and theoretical calculations. Only when the extracted vibration amplitude feature is greater than this threshold is it determined to be a valid vibration event directly caused by the perforation explosion, and its amplitude is recorded as the second feature.

[0108] Step 440: Associate the first feature and the second feature with the operational parameters of this perforation, including the perforation projectile type, charge quantity, and phase angle. The data fusion module automatically associates the first feature and the second feature extracted from the physical response with the known engineering parameters of this perforation in this well section. These engineering parameters are from the operation design document and stored in the surface system database.

[0109] Step 450: The correlated data is structured into records and stored in the database. The system encapsulates features and parameters into a structured record, which also includes contextual information such as event time, well depth, and formation. The generated correlated records are stored in a standardized format in a dedicated perforation effect analysis database. This record constitutes a minimum knowledge unit, providing a standardized and traceable data foundation for subsequent statistical analysis, effect benchmarking, and perforation parameter optimization. As the number of operations increases, this database will gradually form a knowledge base for perforation effects and formation response.

[0110] This embodiment achieves alignment of perforation events and multi-source logging data on the time axis by establishing end-to-end high-precision time synchronization. Then, targeted signal processing extracts quantitative formation response characteristics, and these physical characteristics are systematically correlated and encapsulated with perforation operation parameters. This method transforms transient and complex downhole explosion and response processes into structured, analyzable digital records, thereby elevating traditional, experience-based perforation effectiveness evaluation to data-driven, quantifiable, and traceable scientific analysis. This provides direct and reliable data support for optimizing perforation design and evaluating formation fracturing capability.

[0111] Example 5

[0112] Based on the above embodiments 1, 2, 3, and 4, as an optional implementation, this embodiment elaborates in detail the specific implementation of how the system uses an active communication fault-tolerance mechanism to cope with channel quality fluctuations and ensure reliable transmission of critical data during single-core cable communication. The method further includes:

[0113] Step 510: Before sending data, the downhole system's communication module generates a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code for each data frame to be sent and appends it to the data frame. Before the downhole system's communication module prepares to send data to the surface via a single-core cable, the sending processor performs a CRC calculation on each data frame to be sent. Specifically, the sending end calculates the payload portion of the data frame according to a predetermined generator polynomial, generating a check code of a specific length. Subsequently, this check code is appended to the end of the original data frame, forming a complete transmission frame.

[0114] Step 520: At the data receiving end of the ground system, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is performed on the received data frame. After receiving the transmission frame from downhole, the data receiving end of the ground system first performs frame synchronization parsing. Subsequently, the receiving end processor uses the same generator polynomial as the transmitting end to recalculate the CRC code for the payload portion of the received data frame. Then, this calculation result is compared bit by bit with the original check code attached to the end of the data frame. If the two are completely consistent, the data frame is determined to be transmitted without error, received, and handed over to the upper-layer application for processing. If the comparison result is inconsistent, it is determined that a bit error occurred in the data frame during transmission.

[0115] Step 530: If the verification fails, the receiving end generates a retransmission request instruction and sends it to the sending end, requesting the retransmission of the corresponding data frame. Once the ground receiving end detects a data frame verification failure, it automatically generates a retransmission request instruction. This instruction explicitly contains the sequence number or unique identifier of the erroneous data frame. The ground system sends this retransmission request instruction back to the sending end of the downhole system via the downlink communication channel. After receiving this request, the downhole communication module retrieves the corresponding original data frame from its transmission buffer based on the identifier in the instruction and immediately arranges a new transmission.

[0116] Step 540: The transmitting end counts the number of retransmission request commands received per unit time. If the number exceeds a first preset threshold, the data transmission rate is reduced; if the number exceeds a second preset threshold higher than the first preset threshold, the coding and modulation method is switched. The downhole control unit continuously monitors and counts the number of retransmission request commands received from the ground per unit time. This number is a core indicator for measuring the real-time quality of the current single-core cable communication link. The system presets a first-level quality degradation threshold. When the counted retransmission request rate exceeds this first threshold, the downhole control unit determines that the communication link is subject to continuous interference, and the channel bandwidth or signal-to-noise ratio has decreased. In response, the control unit instructs the communication module to execute a first-level fault-tolerance strategy, i.e., automatically reducing the physical data transmission rate, for example, switching from high-speed mode to medium-speed mode. The rate reduction is usually accompanied by a wider symbol period or a more robust baseband waveform, thereby improving the reliability of each bit transmission under deteriorating channel conditions.

[0117] This embodiment of the system also sets a higher second-level severe degradation threshold. If the retransmission request rate per unit time further increases and exceeds this second threshold, it indicates that the communication link environment is extremely poor, and simply reducing the rate is insufficient to maintain reliable communication. At this time, the downhole control unit will instruct the communication module to execute a second-level fault-tolerant strategy, that is, switch to a coding and modulation method with stronger anti-interference capabilities. For example, switch from high-order quadrature amplitude modulation to simpler phase shift keying modulation, or even enable spread spectrum communication mode with forward error correction capability.

[0118] In summary, this embodiment achieves the ability to sense and proactively respond to interference caused by the complex electromagnetic environment downhole to single-core cable communication through a closed-loop communication fault-tolerant process involving data verification, automatic retransmission, dynamic evaluation of link quality, and adaptive rate and modulation adjustment. This mechanism maintains the continuity of logging data streams while ensuring the absolutely reliable transmission of high-priority signals such as perforation commands, thus providing adaptive functionality at the physical communication layer for stable and depth-coordinated perforation and logging operations.

[0119] Example 6

[0120] Based on the above embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, this embodiment, as an optional implementation, elaborates on a hardware-level safety redundancy mechanism independent of the software system. This mechanism aims to address the extreme situation of complete failure of the downhole control unit, providing ultimate assurance for the reception and execution of perforation commands. The hardware bypass safety steps are specifically implemented using a monitoring and switching logic composed of hardware circuits, including the following sequentially executed sub-steps:

[0121] Step 610: Continuously monitor whether the main processor of the downhole control unit sends a heartbeat pulse signal according to a preset period using a hardware monitoring circuit. In the downhole system, a hardware monitoring circuit independent of the main control unit processor and its software is configured. This circuit can consist of an oscillator and a counter. During normal operation, the main processor of the downhole control unit is configured to periodically send a heartbeat pulse signal of a specific level to this hardware monitoring circuit; this period is preset and fixed. The core function of the hardware monitoring circuit is to continuously monitor the arrival of this heartbeat pulse signal. As long as a valid pulse is received within each preset timeout interval, the circuit remains silent, indicating that the main processor is working normally.

[0122] Step 620: If no heartbeat pulse signal is received within the preset timeout period, the downhole control unit is determined to have failed. After failure, the hardware monitoring circuit sends a switching control signal to the line switching circuit. If the hardware monitoring circuit fails to detect a valid pulse after continuously timing for more than the preset timeout period, it will immediately perform a state reversal. This circuit can automatically generate a deterministic switching control signal based on simple hardware logic, such as the change in the output level of a D flip-flop or comparator.

[0123] Step 630: After receiving the switching control signal, the line switching circuit activates, switching the communication channel of the single-core cable from the controlled path connecting to the downhole control unit to the direct path directly connecting to the perforation device. Specifically, the generated switching control signal is transmitted to a line switching circuit. This switching circuit can be composed of devices such as analog switches, relays, or optocouplers, controlling the connection of the single-core cable communication channel between two physical paths. In normal controlled mode, the cable channel is connected to the data modulation and demodulation interface of the downhole control unit through this switching circuit; this is the controlled path. Upon receiving the switching control signal from the hardware monitoring circuit, the switching device in the line switching circuit immediately activates, physically disconnecting the cable channel from the controlled path within milliseconds and reconnecting it to a direct path. The end of this direct path terminates directly at the command receiving circuit of the perforation device.

[0124] Step 640: Under the direct connection path, perforation commands from the surface system bypass the failed downhole control unit and are directly transmitted to the perforation unit to execute the perforation operation. Downlink communication signals from the surface system will no longer undergo demodulation, decoding, and software parsing through the failed downhole control unit. Instead, they will be transmitted directly to the perforation unit's built-in command decoding circuit via a newly established physical direct connection channel in a simplified baseband signal format. The perforation unit is configured to recognize a specific set of simply coded emergency ignition or safety commands. Upon confirming a failure of the downhole master control, the surface operator can send predefined bypass commands to directly control the perforation unit to complete the most critical perforation operation or enter a safe state.

[0125] In summary, this embodiment deploys a secure link from independent heartbeat monitoring and hardware failure detection to physical channel switching. In extreme failure scenarios where the main control system fails, this mechanism can automatically establish a direct physical command channel from the ground to the perforation device, ensuring that the possibility of completing the core perforation task is preserved at the basic hardware level.

[0126] Example 7

[0127] Based on the above embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, as an optional implementation, this embodiment elaborates on a system-level online health monitoring and automatic recovery mechanism. The aim is to proactively reset the system in the event of a recoverable failure by continuously monitoring the operating parameters of key modules, thereby restoring core control functions. The method further includes:

[0128] Step 710: Periodically collect the operating parameters of the perforation device, the logging sensors, and the communication link. For the perforation device, the collected parameters include the operating voltage and standby current of its ignition circuit. For each logging sensor, its power supply voltage and internal temperature are collected. For the communication module, its real-time received signal strength and uplink bit error rate are collected. These parameters are periodically read through their respective analog-to-digital conversion channels or status registers and summarized in the diagnostic task.

[0129] Step 720: Compare each collected parameter with its corresponding preset threshold range. For each collected parameter, a normal operating threshold range table is provided; this range can be set comprehensively based on the device manual of each module and the downhole environment requirements. After each acquisition, compare the real-time measured value of each parameter with its corresponding preset threshold range one by one. For example, the operating voltage of the perforation device needs to be maintained within ±10% of the rated value, and the communication bit error rate needs to be below the threshold of one ten-thousandth.

[0130] Step 730: If any parameter exceeds its threshold range for a preset duration, the functional module is determined to have malfunctioned and a reset signal is generated.

[0131] Step 740: Perform a hardware reset of the downhole control unit using a reset signal, and reload the acquisition rate configuration table after the reset is complete. For example, if the downhole control unit's own communication link is interrupted, an independent hardware watchdog circuit will be triggered. When the fault is confirmed, the diagnostic task stops sending reset pulses, and the watchdog circuit will generate a high-energy reset signal after the timer overflows. This reset signal directly acts on the reset pin of the downhole control unit's main processor.

[0132] Step 750: System State Reconstruction and Configuration Reload. After the hardware reset is complete, the main processor restarts from the initial bootloader. After completing basic hardware initialization, the system startup process actively reloads the acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the initial operation phase from non-volatile memory. This embodiment constructs an active, closed-loop system self-healing mechanism through periodic full-system parameter acquisition, intelligent fault determination based on thresholds and duration, and a forced reset process guaranteed by an independent hardware watchdog. This mechanism enables the downhole system to automatically execute the complete process of monitoring, judgment, reset, and recovery without relying on surface intervention when facing recoverable software faults or local module anomalies caused by harsh environments or transient interference, thereby improving the system's operational stability during long-term downhole operations.

[0133] Example 8

[0134] It should be understood that the deep fusion method for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture described in the foregoing embodiments of this document can also be similarly applied to the following deep fusion system for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture for similar extensions. For simplicity, it is not described in detail.

[0135] Figure 2 This is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention providing a deep fusion system for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The system includes a surface system and a downhole system, wherein:

[0136] The downhole system includes a perforation module, a logging module, a control unit, and a communication module;

[0137] The control unit is configured to predefine multiple operation stages and acquisition rate configuration tables corresponding to each operation stage according to the perforation and logging operation process of the target oil and gas well, and to call the acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the current operation stage to control the logging module and the perforation module.

[0138] The communication module is configured to perform data transmission between the downhole system and the surface system;

[0139] The surface system is configured to send instructions to the downhole system, receive and process data uploaded by the downhole system, and perform time alignment and fusion processing of the perforation ignition event time point with the logging data within the time window based on a unified time reference synchronized with the downhole system.

[0140] The specific composition and functions of the downhole system are as follows:

[0141] The perforation module, as the execution unit, specifically includes multi-stage electronic detonators, a perforation gun, and supporting ignition logic circuitry. Its core function is to receive and execute perforation ignition commands from the control unit or directly from the ground system to complete the penetration operation of the casing and formation.

[0142] The logging module, as a sensing unit, integrates a gamma-ray sensor, an array resistivity sensor, an acoustic transducer, a quartz pressure sensor, a triaxial vibration accelerometer, and a temperature sensor. Each sensor operates independently, responsible for real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional physical parameters characterizing formation lithology, physical properties, and the wellbore environment.

[0143] The downhole control unit, serving as the core of decision-making and scheduling, can be an embedded computer system containing a high-performance microprocessor, non-volatile memory, and input / output interfaces. Its non-volatile memory pre-stores multiple operational stages defined according to different work processes, along with strictly bound acquisition rate configuration tables. The control unit, through real-time execution of scheduling algorithms, is responsible for identifying the current operational stage, retrieving the corresponding acquisition rate configuration table, and, based on the table's definition, sending instructions to the logging module to dynamically set the data sampling frequency and data packetization strategy for each sensor. Simultaneously, it sends instructions to the communication module to dynamically set the transmission priority of the perforation command channel and various logging data channels.

[0144] The downhole communication module, serving as a transmission hub, includes a modem, codec, and channel multiplexing unit. In a preferred embodiment, this module employs frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technology to physically divide the limited bandwidth of a single-core cable into a low-frequency, high-reliability sub-channel dedicated to transmitting perforation commands and emergency signals, and one or more high-frequency, high-efficiency sub-channels for transmitting continuous logging data streams. Under the command of the control unit, the module dynamically manages the queuing and transmission of data streams from each sub-channel.

[0145] As an energy supply unit, the power module prioritizes a wide temperature range and high vibration resistance design. It can convert, filter, and stabilize the power transmitted from the ground via cables, providing a continuous and stable multi-channel DC power supply for all downhole electronic modules in the harsh environment of high temperature and high pressure.

[0146] The downhole system also includes two key independent hardware safety units:

[0147] The hardware bypass safety logic unit consists of an independent low-power monitoring circuit and a physical line switching relay. It continuously monitors the heartbeat signal of the control unit and automatically connects the single-core cable directly to the instruction receiving port of the perforation module when the control unit fails.

[0148] The hardware watchdog circuit is independent of the main processor and triggers a hardware reset of the entire control unit when the main program malfunctions.

[0149] The specific composition and functions of the ground system are as follows:

[0150] The surface system mainly consists of a surface control unit, a data fusion module, system software, and a surface power module. The surface control unit is responsible for generating operational instructions, including encrypted perforation instructions, and sending them to the downhole system via a communication module. The data fusion module has a high-precision clock source and establishes a unified time reference for the entire system by synchronizing with the downhole system's timestamps. This module receives all data streams from the downhole system and, using the high-precision timestamp of the perforation ignition event as an index, automatically correlates, extracts, and analyzes multi-source logging data features within the time window before and after the event, generating a structured perforation effect correlation dataset.

[0151] The collaborative workflow between the downhole system and the surface system is implemented as follows:

[0152] Before being lowered into the well, the workflow and acquisition rate configuration table are injected into the downhole control unit. When the tool string is lowered, the system automatically enters the downhole exploration phase. The control unit calls the corresponding configuration table, directing the gamma and magnetic positioning sensors in the logging module to perform high-frequency acquisition and prioritized uploading. The communication module then prioritizes bandwidth resources for the corresponding logging data sub-channels. The surface system accurately locates the target layer based on real-time data.

[0153] When the perforation triggering conditions are met, the downhole control unit immediately switches the operation phase to the perforation execution phase and invokes the new configuration table. At this time, the control unit's command communication module assigns the highest communication priority to the perforation command sub-channel to ensure absolutely reliable transmission of the ignition command; simultaneously, the command logging module maintains a specific acquisition rate for the pressure and vibration sensors to monitor perforation dynamics. After perforation is completed, the phase switches to post-perforation monitoring, and logging data resumes high-priority uploading.

[0154] Throughout the process, if the communication module detects channel quality degradation, it will adaptively reduce the data rate or switch the modulation mode through the control unit; if the control unit itself malfunctions, the hardware watchdog circuit will reset it; if the reset is ineffective or the control unit fails completely, the hardware bypass safety logic unit will be activated to establish a direct command channel from the ground to the perforation module, ensuring the final safety baseline.

[0155] All the aforementioned events and data are aligned, fused, and archived by the ground data fusion module based on a unified timescale. This embodiment materializes the predefined phased collaborative logic into a dynamic scheduling control layer centered on the control unit, a communication resource allocation layer composed of communication modules and security hardware, and a data fusion application layer implemented by the ground data fusion module. This is deeply integrated with specific perforation, logging, and power execution units to construct a complete physical system. This system solidifies the intelligent scheduling and fault-tolerant logic at the methodological level into the hardware and software, enabling the high safety requirements of perforation operations, the continuous requirements of logging data acquisition, and the real-time requirements of effect evaluation under the strict constraints of single-core cables to be self-organized and adaptively realized within a unified system framework. This physically supports the fundamental shift from a sequential process to deep collaboration in perforation and logging operations.

[0156] Example 9

[0157] In addition, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, including:

[0158] At least one processor; and,

[0159] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0160] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, enables the at least one processor to perform the deep fusion method of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0161] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an application embodiment of the electronic device of the present invention. Below, refer to... Figure 3 This describes an electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention. The electronic device may be either or both of a first device and a second device, or a standalone device independent of them, which may communicate with the first device and the second device to receive acquired input signals from them.

[0162] like Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device includes one or more processors and a memory. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other processing unit with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. The memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor may execute the program instructions to implement the multi-layer cooperative architecture-based deep fusion method for perforation and logging data described above, and / or other desired functions.

[0163] In one example, the electronic device may further include input and output devices, which are interconnected via a bus system and / or other forms of connection mechanisms (not shown). Furthermore, the input device may include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, etc. The output device can output various information to the outside, including determined distance information, direction information, etc. The output device may include, for example, a display, a speaker, a printer, and a communication network and its connected remote output devices, etc.

[0164] Of course, for the sake of simplicity, Figure 3 Only some of the components of the electronic device relevant to the present invention are shown, omitting components such as buses, input / output interfaces, etc. In addition, the electronic device may include any other suitable components depending on the specific application.

[0165] In addition to the methods and devices described above, embodiments of the present invention may also be computer program products, wherein a computer-readable storage medium stores a program for implementing a method for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture, and the program for implementing the method for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in various embodiments of the present invention.

[0166] The computer program product can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​to perform the operations of the embodiments of the present invention. The programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's computing device, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server.

[0167] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention may also be computer-readable storage media storing computer program instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the multi-layer cooperative architecture-based deep fusion method for perforation and logging data according to various embodiments of the present invention as described in the foregoing portion of this specification.

[0168] The computer-readable storage medium may be any combination of one or more readable media. A readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0169] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0170] The basic principles of the present invention have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in the present invention are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, the specific details of the invention described above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the present invention to the necessity of employing the specific details described above.

[0171] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For system embodiments, since they largely correspond to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0172] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems involved in this invention are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0173] The methods and apparatus of the present invention may be implemented in many ways. For example, they may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order of steps for the methods is for illustrative purposes only, and the steps of the methods of the present invention are not limited to the order specifically described above unless otherwise specifically stated. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the present invention may also be implemented as a program recorded on a recording medium, the program comprising machine-readable instructions for implementing the methods according to the present invention. Thus, the present invention also covers recording media storing programs for performing the methods according to the present invention.

[0174] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, device, and method of the present invention, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered as equivalent solutions of the present invention.

[0175] The above description of aspects of the invention is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be carried out within the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention herein.

[0176] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the invention to the forms described herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations therein.

[0177] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0178] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the perforation and logging operation process of the target oil and gas well, multiple operation stages are predefined in the downhole control unit, along with acquisition rate configuration tables corresponding to each operation stage, including: Define the well exploration phase and the perforation execution phase; Configure a first acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the well exploration stage, wherein the data acquisition rate of the gamma sensor and the magnetic positioning sensor is set to a first value and given a first data upload priority, the data acquisition rate of the resistivity sensor and the acoustic sensor is set to a second value and given a second data upload priority, and the communication priority of the perforation control command is set to be lower than the second data upload priority. Configure a second acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the perforation execution stage, wherein the communication priority of the perforation control command is set to the highest priority, and the data acquisition rates of the pressure sensor and vibration sensor are set to the third value and assigned a third data upload priority, wherein the third data upload priority is lower than the highest priority; wherein the acquisition rate configuration table includes the communication priority of the perforation control command, the data acquisition rate of the logging sensor, and the upload priority; During downhole operations, the downhole control unit calls the first acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the current operation stage, controls the logging sensors to acquire formation parameters and upload data according to the first acquisition rate configuration table, and controls the perforation device to perform status communication. When the preset perforation triggering conditions are met, the downhole control unit switches the current operation stage to the perforation execution stage and calls the second acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the perforation execution stage. Based on the second acquisition rate configuration table, the highest communication priority is assigned to the perforation device to perform the perforation operation. Simultaneously, the logging sensors are controlled to continuously acquire preset monitoring parameters at a specified acquisition rate, including: Receive encrypted perforation commands from the ground system, and decrypt and verify the encrypted perforation commands; Based on real-time logging data, the system compares the preset standard curve with the real-time logging curve to determine whether the downhole tool string has reached the target perforation level. Perform perforation safety checks, including power supply voltage checks, communication link connectivity tests, and perforation device circuit checks; When the encrypted perforation command is successfully verified, the downhole tool string reaches the target perforation layer and the safety check is passed, it is determined that the perforation triggering condition is met, and the current operation stage is switched to the perforation execution stage. The surface system receives data uploaded from the downhole system and, based on a unified time reference synchronized with the downhole system, performs time alignment and fusion processing on the time point of the perforation ignition event and the logging data within the time window to form a correlated dataset for evaluating the perforation effect, including: Taking the time point of the perforation ignition event as the center, the raw data of the logging sensors within the time window are extracted. The raw data of the logging sensors includes pressure sensor data and vibration sensor data. The pressure sensor data within the time window is processed, and the peak amplitude and pulse duration of the pressure pulse are extracted as the first feature. The vibration sensor data within the time window is processed, the amplitude of the vibration signal is extracted as the second feature, and when the second feature is greater than a preset threshold, a valid perforation vibration event is determined to have occurred. The first feature and the second feature are associated with the operating parameters of this perforation, which include the perforation projectile type, charge amount, and phase angle. The associated data is structured into records and stored in the database.

2. The method for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Before sending data, the communication module of the downhole system generates a cyclic redundancy check code for the data frame to be sent and appends it to the data frame. At the data receiving end of the ground system, cyclic redundancy check is performed on the received data frames; If the verification fails, the receiving end generates a retransmission request instruction and sends it to the sending end to request the retransmission of the corresponding data frame. The sending end counts the number of retransmission request commands received per unit time. If the number exceeds a first preset threshold, the data transmission rate is reduced. If the number exceeds a second preset threshold that is higher than the first preset threshold, the encoding and modulation method is switched.

3. The method for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: The hardware monitoring circuit continuously monitors whether the main processor of the downhole control unit sends heartbeat pulse signals according to a preset cycle. If no heartbeat pulse signal is received within the preset timeout period, the downhole control unit is determined to be faulty. After the fault is determined, the hardware monitoring circuit sends a switching control signal to the line switching circuit. The line switching circuit activates after receiving the switching control signal, switching the communication channel of the single-core cable from the controlled path connecting to the downhole control unit to the direct path directly connecting to the perforation device. In the direct connection path, perforation commands from the surface system bypass the malfunctioning downhole control unit and are directly transmitted to the perforation device to perform perforation operations.

4. The method for deep fusion of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: The operating parameters of the perforation device, the operating parameters of the logging sensor, and the operating parameters of the communication link are periodically collected. Each collected parameter is compared with its corresponding preset threshold range; If any parameter exceeds its threshold range for a preset duration, the corresponding functional module is determined to have malfunctioned and a reset signal is generated. The downhole control unit is hardware reset using a reset signal, and the acquisition rate configuration table is reloaded after the reset is completed.

5. A deep fusion system for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture, characterized in that, The system is used to execute the deep fusion method for perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, the system comprising a surface system and a downhole system, wherein: The downhole system includes a perforation module, a logging module, a control unit, and a communication module; The control unit is configured to predefine multiple operation stages and acquisition rate configuration tables corresponding to each operation stage according to the perforation and logging operation process of the target oil and gas well, and to call the acquisition rate configuration table corresponding to the current operation stage to control the logging module and the perforation module. The communication module is configured to perform data transmission between the downhole system and the surface system; The surface system is configured to send instructions to the downhole system, receive and process data uploaded by the downhole system, and perform time alignment and fusion processing of the perforation ignition event time point with the logging data within the time window based on a unified time reference synchronized with the downhole system.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; and, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, which enables the at least one processor to perform the deep fusion method of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the deep fusion method of perforation and logging data based on a multi-layer collaborative architecture as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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