Peanut seed coating agent and coating method

Abstract

The invention relates to a peanut seed coating agent and a coating method, the peanut seed coating agent comprises a first component, a second component and a third component, the first component comprises a biological insecticide, a first film-forming agent, a nutritional ingredient and a first carrier; the second component comprises a soil conditioner, a first dispersing agent, a second film-forming agent and a second carrier; the third component comprises a chemical bactericide, a warning color pigment, a second dispersing agent, a third film-forming agent and a third carrier. According to the invention, chemical bactericides and biological insecticides with different action mechanisms are subjected to different coating designs; through the design of the three independent components, the biological insecticide is isolated from the chemical bactericide, the chemical bactericide is a three-dimensional disease prevention and control network, the biological insecticide efficiently kills eggs and larvae by using a biological means, and under isolation of the second component, the chemical bactericide does not influence the activity of the biological insecticide, and can effectively kill the eggs and the larvae. On the contrary, a low-bacterium environment is created for germination and colonization of the biological insecticide, so that eggs and larvae are efficiently killed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and more specifically to a peanut seed coating agent and coating method. Background Technology

[0002] Peanuts are an important oilseed and cash crop in my country, playing a crucial role in ensuring edible oil supply and increasing farmers' income. However, peanut production is often seriously threatened by a variety of soil-borne diseases and pests, among which diseases caused by root-knot nematodes are particularly prominent, leading to root deformities, stunted plants, significant yield reductions, and even crop failure, severely restricting the improvement of peanut yield and quality.

[0003] Seed coating technology, as the first line of defense against seed-borne and soil-borne diseases and to promote seedling growth, has been widely used in this field. However, existing seed coating products still have significant shortcomings: First, most products rely excessively on single chemical agents, resulting in a narrow spectrum of control, and long-term use easily leads to drug resistance in pathogens and pests, causing the effectiveness to decline year by year; second, existing technologies have limited functions, mainly focusing on the chemical control of diseases, generally neglecting the precise supply of key nutrients to seedlings and the healthy maintenance of the rhizosphere soil microecology, and may even inhibit the activity of beneficial microorganisms; more importantly, there are compatibility problems when chemical fungicides and biological insecticides are directly mixed. High concentrations of chemical agents can easily inhibit or kill beneficial biological agents, causing biological control to fail, thus seriously restricting the realization of green control effects.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to develop a novel seed coating agent that can synergistically combine chemical and biological control, and integrate multiple functions such as nutrient supplementation, immune induction, and soil improvement, in order to overcome the bottlenecks of existing technologies and achieve cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and sustainable development in the peanut industry. Further improvements and development are therefore required. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve the aforementioned problems, a peanut seed coating agent and coating method are proposed, and the following technical solution is provided: A peanut seed coating agent includes a first component, a second component, and a third component. The first component includes a biological insecticide, a first film-forming agent, nutrients, and a first carrier. The second component includes a soil conditioner, a first dispersant, a second film-forming agent, and a second carrier. The third component includes a chemical fungicide, a warning color pigment, a second dispersant, a third film-forming agent, and a third carrier.

[0006] Furthermore, the soil conditioner includes humic acid, chitin, and polyglutamic acid.

[0007] Furthermore, the mass ratio of humic acid, chitin, and polyglutamic acid is 3-8:1:2-3.

[0008] Furthermore, the biological insecticide includes Paecilomyces lilacinus spore powder; the nutrient is at least one of chitosan oligosaccharide, ammonium molybdate, and zinc sulfate; and the chemical fungicide is at least one of pyraclostrobin and fludioxonil.

[0009] Furthermore, the first film-forming agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, and sodium alginate; the second film-forming agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, and sodium alginate; the third film-forming agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, and sodium alginate; the first carrier is at least one of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, attapulgite, and light calcium carbonate; the second carrier is at least one of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, attapulgite, and light calcium carbonate; the third carrier is at least one of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, attapulgite, and light calcium carbonate; the first dispersant is at least one of sodium lignosulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate; the second dispersant is at least one of sodium lignosulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate.

[0010] Furthermore, according to the mass fractions, the biological insecticide is 1.5-15 parts; the first film-forming agent is 1-3 parts; the nutrient component is 0.5-2 parts; the first carrier is 30-50 parts; the soil conditioner is 4-12 parts; the first dispersant is 1-3 parts; the second film-forming agent is 1-3 parts; the second carrier is 20-40 parts; the chemical fungicide is 0.5-3 parts; the second dispersant is 1-3 parts; the third film-forming agent is 1-3 parts; and the third carrier is 10-30 parts.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the chemical bactericide to the biological insecticide is 1:4-5.

[0012] Furthermore, the nutritional components include chitosan oligosaccharide, ammonium molybdate, and zinc sulfate, with a mass ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide, ammonium molybdate, and zinc sulfate of 1:2-3:2-7.

[0013] A method for coating peanut seeds with a coating agent includes the following steps: S1: Preparation and coating of biological insect-repellent layer: After mixing and stirring water and the first film-forming agent, nutrients and the first carrier are added, and biological insect repellent is added at 20-30℃ to obtain biological insect-repellent layer slurry. Peanut seeds are coated with biological insect-repellent layer slurry. S2: Preparation and coating of soil amendment layer: Dissolve the second film-forming agent in water and stir to form a colloid. Mix and emulsify the soil amendment, water and the first dispersant and add them to the colloid to obtain soil amendment layer slurry. Use the soil amendment layer slurry to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S1. S3: Preparation and coating of fungicide layer: Chemical fungicide, warning color pigment, second dispersant and water are mixed and emulsified to obtain emulsion slurry. The third film-forming agent is dissolved in water and stirred and then added to the emulsion slurry to obtain fungicide layer slurry. The fungicide layer slurry is used to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S2.

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention employs different coating designs for chemical fungicides and biological insecticides with different mechanisms of action. Through the isolation of the second component, the first component of the biological insecticide is separated from the third component of the chemical fungicide. The chemical fungicide forms a three-dimensional disease control network, while the biological insecticide uses biological means to efficiently kill insect eggs and larvae. Under the isolation of the second component, the fungicide not only does not affect the activity of Paecilomyces lilacinus, but also creates a low-bacterial environment for the germination and colonization of the biological insecticide, thus enabling efficient killing of insect eggs and larvae.

[0015] 2. This invention, through the design of nutrient components and soil conditioners, provides peanut seeds with specific trace elements while also improving the external environment of the peanut seeds. Chitosan oligosaccharides, as signaling molecules, activate the peanut's own systemic resistance. Molybdenum and zinc are precisely supplied during the critical seedling stage, strongly promoting root nodule formation, root development, and plant growth, making the seedlings "stronger". Humic acid, polyglutamic acid, and other substances work together to improve the rhizosphere microecological environment, retain water and fertilizer, and create the best environment for seed germination and seedling growth. The three work together to achieve dual regulation of the plant's internal potential and external environment, significantly improving the emergence rate and seedling uniformity. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, other similar embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] A peanut seed coating agent comprises a first component, a second component, and a third component. The first component includes a biological insecticide, a first film-forming agent, nutrients, and a first carrier. The second component includes a soil conditioner, a first dispersant, a second film-forming agent, and a second carrier. The third component includes a chemical fungicide, a warning color pigment, a second dispersant, a third film-forming agent, and a third carrier. This invention employs different coating designs for chemical fungicides and biological insecticides with different mechanisms of action. Through the design of three independent components, the biological insecticide in the first component is isolated from the chemical fungicide in the third component. The chemical fungicide forms a three-dimensional disease control network, while the biological insecticide uses biological means to efficiently kill insect eggs and larvae. Under the isolation of the second component, the fungicide not only does not affect the activity of the biological insecticide but also creates a low-microbial environment for its germination and colonization, thus enabling efficient killing of insect eggs and larvae.

[0018] The soil conditioner comprises humic acid, chitin, and polyglutamic acid. Unlike traditional seed coating agents, this application not only focuses on disease control but also innovatively incorporates a soil conditioner as an independent component into the seed coating system. This soil conditioner layer directionally improves the rhizosphere microenvironment at the early stage of seed germination. Humic acid improves soil physical structure and activates beneficial microorganisms; chitin acts as a signaling molecule to activate plant systemic resistance and selectively promotes the reproduction of beneficial bacteria; and polyglutamic acid, through its superior water and fertilizer retention capacity, provides a stable supply of water and fertilizer for seed germination. These three components work synergistically to create a balanced environment for seed germination, directly promoting robust seedling growth and indirectly enhancing the plant's resistance to biotic stress (disease) and abiotic stress (drought, infertility) by improving the environment. This significantly improves emergence rate and seedling uniformity, laying a foundation for high and stable peanut yields from the outset.

[0019] The biological insecticide includes Paecilomyces lilacinus spore powder; the nutrient component is at least one of chitosan oligosaccharide, ammonium molybdate, and zinc sulfate; the chemical fungicide is at least one of pyraclostrobin and fludioxonil. The biological insecticide, Paecilomyces lilacinus spores, is an obligate parasite of root-knot nematodes. Its hyphae can penetrate the eggshell and female body wall of the nematode, absorbing nutrients and thus efficiently killing nematode eggs and larvae. Among the nutrients, chitosan oligosaccharide acts as a plant immune activator, mimicking pathogen attacks on plants and prematurely awakening the seed's own resistance to better adapt to the environment. Ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate are trace elements that peanut seeds need to supplement during growth and development. Molybdenum is a core component of essential enzymes (nitrate reductase and nitrogenase) in the nitrogen fixation process of leguminous root nodules. Supplementing molybdenum directly "fuels" the peanut's nitrogen fixation capacity, which is the foundation for strong seedlings and high yields. Zinc participates in the synthesis of auxins and the production of chlorophyll, which is crucial for root development and early growth vigor.

[0020] The film-forming agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, and sodium alginate; the carrier is at least one of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, attapulgite, and light calcium carbonate; and the dispersant is at least one of sodium lignosulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate. The carrier is the main component of the coating agent, providing a large surface area to physically adsorb and carry the active ingredients. The film-forming agent is a water-soluble or colloid-forming polymer that forms a polymeric network structure through melting or swelling, encapsulating the seeds and coating agent components through chemical bonds and physical entanglement. The dispersant ensures that the components of the coating agent are stably suspended in water, helping to form a continuous and robust coating.

[0021] A method for coating peanut seeds with a coating agent includes the following steps: S1: Preparation and coating of biological insect-repellent layer: After mixing and stirring water and the first film-forming agent, nutrients and the first carrier are added, and biological insect repellent is added at 20-30℃ to obtain biological insect-repellent layer slurry. Peanut seeds are coated with biological insect-repellent layer slurry. S2: Preparation and coating of soil amendment layer: Dissolve the second film-forming agent in water and stir to form a colloid. Mix and emulsify the soil amendment, water and the first dispersant and add them to the colloid to obtain soil amendment layer slurry. Use the soil amendment layer slurry to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S1. S3: Preparation and coating of fungicide layer: Chemical fungicide, warning color pigment, second dispersant and water are mixed and emulsified to obtain emulsion slurry. The third film-forming agent is dissolved in water and stirred and then added to the emulsion slurry to obtain fungicide layer slurry. The fungicide layer slurry is used to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S2.

[0022] This application employs a three-layer coating technique. The biological insecticide layer is designed as the innermost layer of the coating agent because *Paecilomyces lilacinus* is a specific fungus targeting root-knot nematodes. It needs to first contact the seeds and rhizosphere, and germinate and colonize as quickly as possible to effectively establish a defense before root-knot nematode invasion. The fungicide layer is designed as the outermost layer of the coating agent because after sowing, the first threat to seeds is seed-borne and soil-borne fungal pathogens (such as Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani). These pathogens immediately invade the seeds and newly germinated seedlings. The outermost layer of chemical fungicide begins to dissolve and release the moment the seed contacts the soil, forming a high-concentration "fungicide halo" around the seed, killing or inhibiting the fungi attempting to approach. This provides the most crucial initial protection for the seed's safe and healthy imbibition and germination, ensuring a high germination rate. If the chemical fungicide were placed in the inner layer, its effectiveness would be delayed, potentially failing to prevent early disease invasion. The core innovation of this application lies in its design of placing the soil amendment layer in the middle of the coating agent. While the outer layer of chemical fungicides (such as azoxystrobin and fludioxonil) has a synergistic effect with Paecilomyces lilacinus, their high concentrations in their active form may still inhibit or kill the fragile microbial spores. The middle soil amendment layer and film-forming agent constitute an effective physical barrier, preventing the active chemical fungicide from directly contacting the inner layer of biological spores and avoiding the risk of the biological pest control layer becoming ineffective. This layered structure allows the chemical fungicide to work on the outside of the seed, while its high concentrations do not directly harm the internal biological agents, perfectly solving the problem of the difficulty in directly mixing chemical and biological agents. At the same time, the components of the soil amendment can also improve the soil aggregate structure close to the seed, making it easier for young roots to penetrate and the root system to develop. The improved rhizosphere environment, in turn, promotes the colonization of fungi in the inner biological pest control layer, forming a positive cycle.

[0023] On the one hand, the soil amendment layer acts as a barrier, successfully solving the compatibility problem between chemical fungicides and biological pesticides. This intermediate layer, through physical barrier, effectively protects the activity of biological agents such as Paecilomyces lilacinus from direct inhibition by the original chemical agents in the outer layer, providing a structural basis for achieving a synergistic effect between chemical and biological control. On the other hand, it acts as an environmental foundation, enabling precise in-situ improvement of the rhizosphere microenvironment. This design ensures that the soil amendment is in immediate contact with the roots during seed germination, allowing its functions of water retention, fertilization, structural improvement, and immune activation to be highly effective during the most critical growth stage of seedlings, creating optimal external conditions for cultivating strong seedlings and enhancing stress resistance.

[0024] Example 1 S1: Preparation and coating of biological insect-repellent layer: Mix 50 parts of water with 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, then add 0.1 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.3 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.7 parts of zinc sulfate and 40 parts of diatomaceous earth. Add 6 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus spore powder at 25℃ to obtain biological insect-repellent layer slurry. Use biological insect-repellent layer slurry to coat peanut seeds. S2: Preparation and coating of soil amendment layer: Dissolve 2 parts xanthan gum in 40 parts water and stir to form a colloid. Mix 6 parts humic acid, 1 part chitin, 2 parts polyglutamic acid, 2 parts sodium lignosulfonate and 30 parts diatomaceous earth, emulsify and add to the colloid to obtain soil amendment layer slurry. Use soil amendment layer slurry to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S1. S3: Preparation and coating of fungicide layer: Mix 1.5 parts of pyraclostrobin, 2 parts of red warning pigment, 2 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 20 parts of diatomaceous earth and 30 parts of water and emulsify to obtain an emulsion slurry. Dissolve 2 parts of sodium alginate in water and stir, then add it to the emulsion slurry to obtain the fungicide layer slurry. Use the fungicide layer slurry to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S2.

[0025] Example 2 S1: Preparation and coating of biological insect-repellent layer: Mix 30 parts water with 1 part polyvinyl alcohol, then add 0.1 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.2 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.2 parts zinc sulfate and 30 parts diatomaceous earth. Add 1.5 parts Paecilomyces lilacinus spore powder at 25℃ to obtain biological insect-repellent layer slurry. Use biological insect-repellent layer slurry to coat peanut seeds. S2: Preparation and coating of soil amendment layer: Dissolve 1 part xanthan gum in 40 parts water and stir to form a colloid. Mix 4 parts humic acid, 0.5 parts chitin, 1.5 parts polyglutamic acid, 1 part sodium lignosulfonate and 20 parts diatomaceous earth, emulsify and add to the colloid to obtain soil amendment slurry. Use soil amendment slurry to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S1. S3: Preparation and coating of fungicide layer: Mix 0.3 parts of pyraclostrobin, 1 part of red warning pigment, 1 part of sodium lignosulfonate, 30 parts of diatomaceous earth and 30 parts of water and emulsify to obtain an emulsion slurry. Dissolve 1 part of sodium alginate in water and stir, then add it to the emulsion slurry to obtain the fungicide layer slurry. Use the fungicide layer slurry to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S2.

[0026] Example 3 S1: Preparation and coating of biological insect-repellent layer: Mix 50 parts of water with 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, then add 0.2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.4 parts of zinc sulfate and 50 parts of diatomaceous earth. Add 15 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus spore powder at 25℃ to obtain biological insect-repellent layer slurry. Use biological insect-repellent layer slurry to coat peanut seeds. S2: Preparation and coating of soil amendment layer: Dissolve 3 parts xanthan gum in 40 parts water and stir to form a colloid. Mix 6 parts humic acid, 2 parts chitin, 4 parts polyglutamic acid, 3 parts sodium lignosulfonate and 40 parts diatomaceous earth, emulsify and add to the colloid to obtain soil amendment layer slurry. Use soil amendment layer slurry to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S1. S3: Preparation and coating of fungicide layer: Mix 3 parts of fludioxonil, 4 parts of red warning pigment, 3 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 10 parts of diatomaceous earth and 30 parts of water and emulsify to obtain emulsion slurry. Dissolve 1 part of sodium alginate in water and stir, then add it to the emulsion slurry to obtain fungicide layer slurry. Use fungicide layer slurry to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S2.

[0027] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not include step S2 (i.e., does not include the second component), and all other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0028] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 1, this comparative example used 2 parts of biological insecticide and 10 parts of chemical fungicide, and all other conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0029] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example uses uncoated peanut seeds.

[0030] The peanut seeds obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to experimental testing: A standard germination test was conducted. 100 seeds from each group were placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 25℃, and germination potential and the number of germinated seeds were recorded. Germination potential: the percentage of germinated seeds on day 5, reflecting the uniformity and speed of seed germination. Germination potential (%) = (number of normally germinated seeds on day 5 / total number of tested seeds) × 100%. Germination rate: the final percentage of germinated seeds on day 10, reflecting the final survival rate of the seeds. Germination rate (%) = (number of normally germinated seeds on day 10 / total number of tested seeds) × 100%. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0031] Table 1. Experimental results of standard germination experiments in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. The final germination rates of Examples 1-3 of this invention (91%-94%) showed no significant difference from the uncoated blank control group (90%), and were even slightly higher, fully demonstrating the high safety of the coating agent of this invention for peanut seeds. The germination potential and germination rate of Comparative Example 1 (without a soil amendment layer) were significantly lower than all examples and the blank control. This directly indicates that without the three-layer structure design of this invention, the outer chemical fungicide would cause phytotoxicity to the seeds and inhibit germination. This comparative result strongly demonstrates that using the soil amendment as an intermediate isolation layer is indispensable for ensuring seed safety and is one of the core inventive aspects of this invention. Importance of proportion: The germination rate of Comparative Example 2 (excessive proportion of chemical agent) was significantly lower than that of Example 1, proving that a mass ratio of chemical fungicide to biological insecticide of 1:5 is an optimized ratio; exceeding this range will bring safety risks.

[0032] The peanut seeds obtained from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used in field experiments. Peanut fields with a history of root-knot nematode disease and relatively uniform disease distribution were selected and divided into six equal plots. Following conventional agronomic practices, 50 peanut seeds from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were sown in each plot. Emergence rates and plant growth were assessed during the seedling stage. At harvest time, 15 intact plants were randomly selected from each plot, and their roots were carefully rinsed with clean water until no soil adhered. The root knot rate for each treatment was calculated to determine the control effect against root-knot nematodes. Finally, individual plots were harvested separately, and the yield per acre was calculated to comprehensively evaluate the actual field control efficacy and yield-increasing effect of this invention. The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0033] Table 2. Experimental results of field experiments in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. The experimental data of this invention strongly confirms the superior effect of its three-layer coating design: the root knot rate (28%-35%) and yield per acre (347-375 kg) of Examples 1-3 are significantly better than all comparative examples. Comparative Example 1 (without the intermediate isolation layer) has a root knot rate as high as 60% and a significantly reduced yield, fully demonstrating the key role of the intermediate layer in isolating chemical fungicides and protecting the activity of biological insecticides; the effect of Comparative Example 2 (imbalanced proportion of chemical agents) is between that of Examples and Comparative Example 1, indicating that optimizing the component ratio is the core of achieving synergistic effect. These results collectively demonstrate that this invention, through its unique structural design and precise component ratio, successfully solves the compatibility problem between chemical and biological agents, achieving a synergistic effect of highly efficient prevention and control and significant yield increase.

[0034] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A peanut seed coating agent, characterized in that, The product comprises a first component, a second component, and a third component. The first component includes a biological insecticide, a first film-forming agent, nutrients, and a first carrier. The second component includes a soil conditioner, a first dispersant, a second film-forming agent, and a second carrier. The third component includes a chemical bactericide, a warning color pigment, a second dispersant, a third film-forming agent, and a third carrier.

2. The peanut seed coating agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil conditioner includes humic acid, chitin, and polyglutamic acid.

3. The peanut seed coating agent according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of humic acid, chitin, and polyglutamic acid is 3-8:1:2-3.

4. The peanut seed coating agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological insecticide includes Paecilomyces lilacinus spore powder; the nutrient is at least one of chitosan oligosaccharide, ammonium molybdate, and zinc sulfate; and the chemical fungicide is at least one of pyraclostrobin and fludioxonil.

5. A peanut seed coating agent according to claim 1, wherein the first film-forming agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, and sodium alginate; the second film-forming agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, and sodium alginate; the third film-forming agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum, and sodium alginate; the first carrier is at least one of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, attapulgite, and light calcium carbonate; the second carrier is at least one of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, attapulgite, and light calcium carbonate; the third carrier is at least one of kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, attapulgite, and light calcium carbonate; the first dispersant is at least one of sodium lignosulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate; and the second dispersant is at least one of sodium lignosulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate.

6. The peanut seed coating agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, the following components are used: biological insecticide 1.5-15 parts; first film-forming agent 1-3 parts; nutrient component 0.5-2 parts; first carrier 30-50 parts; soil conditioner 4-12 parts; first dispersant 1-3 parts; second film-forming agent 1-3 parts; second carrier 20-40 parts; chemical fungicide 0.5-3 parts; second dispersant 1-3 parts; third film-forming agent 1-3 parts; third carrier 10-30 parts.

7. The peanut seed coating agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the chemical bactericide to the biological insecticide is 1:4-5.

8. The peanut seed coating agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutritional components include chitosan oligosaccharide, ammonium molybdate, and zinc sulfate, with a mass ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide, ammonium molybdate, and zinc sulfate of 1:2-3:2-7.

9. A method for coating peanut seeds with the coating agent as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Preparation and coating of biological insect-repellent layer: After mixing and stirring water and the first film-forming agent, nutrients and the first carrier are added, and biological insect repellent is added at 20-30℃ to obtain biological insect-repellent layer slurry. Peanut seeds are coated with biological insect-repellent layer slurry. S2: Preparation and coating of soil amendment layer: Dissolve the second film-forming agent in water and stir to form a colloid. Mix and emulsify the soil amendment, water and the first dispersant and add them to the colloid to obtain soil amendment layer slurry. Use the soil amendment layer slurry to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S1. S3: Preparation and coating of fungicide layer: Chemical fungicide, warning color pigment, second dispersant and water are mixed and emulsified to obtain emulsion slurry. The third film-forming agent is dissolved in water and stirred and then added to the emulsion slurry to obtain fungicide layer slurry. The fungicide layer slurry is used to coat the coated seeds obtained in step S2.

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