Self-adaptive powder spreading device and method based on laser powder bed melting technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive powder laying device and method based on the laser powder bed melting technology, the device comprises a rack, a powder scraping plate translation posture adjusting assembly, a powder scraping plate rotation lifting posture adjusting assembly, a powder scraping plate picking assembly, a powder supply assembly and a printing table assembly, a partition plate is horizontally arranged in the middle of the rack, and a powder scraping plate storage area and a part forming printing area are arranged on the partition plate in parallel; the powder scraping plate storage area is provided with a plurality of powder scraping plate storage grooves, and powder scraping plates are placed in the powder scraping plate storage grooves. Various materials can be selected during one-time forming machining, the continuous printing requirements of multiple materials, different particle sizes and different properties of metal powder are met, the powder scraping plates can be automatically replaced according to the types of the metal powder, it is guaranteed that the powder laying effect of different materials is always optimal, multi-angle and all-dimensional localized powder laying can be achieved, and the production efficiency is improved. And material conversion in the forming machining process is simpler and faster, the forming requirement of the multifunctional integrated component is effectively met, and the application of the laser powder bed melting technology in manufacturing of the multifunctional integrated component is expanded.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of laser powder bed fusion, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive powder spreading device and method based on laser powder bed fusion technology. BACKGROUND

[0002] As one of the core technologies of metal additive manufacturing, laser powder bed fusion technology can directly manufacture metal parts with complex geometric shapes and high density by selectively melting the pre-laid powder thin layer through a high-energy laser beam, layer-by-layer accumulation forming.

[0003] However, although laser powder bed fusion technology can directly manufacture metal parts with complex geometric shapes and high density, and the metal parts have the characteristics of high forming precision, high density and simple post-processing, the traditional laser powder bed fusion forming equipment can only select one material during single forming processing, so it can only additively form target parts of a single material, and the powder scraping plate of the traditional laser powder bed fusion forming equipment generally adopts a non-replaceable structure, which seriously affects the powder spreading effect under different materials, making it extremely difficult to manufacture metal parts with gradient function or embedded structure composed of multiple materials with high quality, and thus seriously limiting the application of laser powder bed fusion technology in the manufacturing of multi-functional integrated components. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a self-adaptive powder spreading device and method based on laser powder bed fusion technology, which can select multiple materials during single forming processing, can meet the continuous printing needs of metal powders with multiple materials, different particle sizes and different properties, can automatically replace the appropriate powder scraping plate according to the material type of the metal powder, ensure that the powder spreading effect under different materials is always in the optimal state, and can realize multi-angle and omnidirectional localized powder spreading, so that the material conversion during forming processing is more simple and fast, effectively meeting the forming needs of multi-functional integrated components and expanding the application of laser powder bed fusion technology in the manufacturing of multi-functional integrated components.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology, comprising a frame, a powder scraper translation and attitude adjustment component, a powder scraper rotation and lifting attitude adjustment component, a powder scraper pickup component, a powder supply component, and a printing table component; a partition is horizontally arranged in the middle of the frame, and a powder scraper storage area and a part forming printing area are arranged side by side on the partition; the powder scraper translation and attitude adjustment component is arranged on the frame above the partition; the powder scraper rotation and lifting attitude adjustment component is arranged on the powder scraper translation and attitude adjustment component; the powder scraper pickup component is arranged on the powder scraper rotation and lifting attitude adjustment component; the powder supply component and the printing table component are arranged on the frame below the partition; a plurality of parallel powder scraper storage slots are provided in the powder scraper storage area of ​​the partition, and a powder scraper is placed in each powder scraper storage slot.

[0006] The part forming printing area of ​​the partition is provided with a circular printing port, an arc-shaped powder supply port and an arc-shaped waste powder discharge port; the circular printing port, the arc-shaped powder supply port and the arc-shaped waste powder discharge port are concentrically distributed, and the arc-shaped powder supply port and the arc-shaped waste powder discharge port are distributed at a 180° phase angle with respect to the circular printing port, and the laser print head is located directly above the circular printing port.

[0007] The printing table assembly is located directly below the circular printout and includes a cylindrical printing table, a printing table rotation drive mechanism, and a printing table lifting drive mechanism. The cylindrical printing table is coaxially mounted inside the circular printout, and the diameter of the cylindrical printing table is equal to the diameter of the circular printout. The printing table lifting drive mechanism is mounted on the frame. The printing table rotation drive mechanism is located on top of the printing table lifting drive mechanism. The cylindrical printing table is located on top of the printing table rotation drive mechanism.

[0008] The powder supply assembly is located directly below the arc-shaped powder supply port and includes an arc-shaped powder support platform, a powder support platform lifting drive motor, a powder support platform lifting drive screw, and a powder support platform lifting drive screw seat. The arc-shaped powder support platform is installed inside the arc-shaped powder supply port, and the cross-sectional shape and size of the arc-shaped powder support platform are the same as those of the arc-shaped powder supply port. The powder support platform lifting drive motor is vertically fixed on the frame with its motor shaft facing upward. The lower end of the powder support platform lifting drive screw is coaxially fixed to the motor shaft of the powder support platform lifting drive motor through a coupling, and the upper end of the powder support platform lifting drive screw is rotatably connected to the frame through a bearing. The powder support platform lifting drive screw seat is fitted onto the powder support platform lifting drive screw and is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped powder support platform.

[0009] An arc-shaped waste powder collection box is provided directly below the arc-shaped waste powder discharge outlet. The arc-shaped waste powder collection box has the same cross-sectional shape as the arc-shaped waste powder discharge outlet, and the opening size of the arc-shaped waste powder collection box is greater than or equal to the size of the arc-shaped waste powder discharge outlet.

[0010] Several powder storage areas are marked on the upper surface of the arc-shaped powder support platform, and each powder storage area is equipped with the required type of metal powder.

[0011] The powder scraper translation and attitude adjustment assembly includes a first lateral attitude adjustment motor, a first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw, a first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw seat, a first lateral guide rod, a second lateral attitude adjustment motor, a second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw, a second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw seat, a second lateral guide rod, a longitudinal attitude adjustment motor, a longitudinal attitude adjustment lead screw, a longitudinal attitude adjustment lead screw seat, and a longitudinal guide rod; the first lateral attitude adjustment motor is horizontally fixed to the frame via a motor mounting bracket; both ends of the first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw are rotatably connected to the frame via bearing seats. The motor shaft is coaxially fixed to one end of the first lateral attitude adjustment screw via a coupling; the first lateral guide rod is distributed parallel to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw, and both ends of the first lateral guide rod are fixedly connected to the frame; the first lateral attitude adjustment screw seat is connected between the first lateral attitude adjustment screw and the first lateral guide rod; the second lateral attitude adjustment motor is horizontally fixed to the frame via a motor mounting bracket; both ends of the second lateral attitude adjustment screw are rotatably connected to the frame via bearing seats, and the second lateral attitude adjustment screw is distributed parallel to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw. The motor shaft of the second lateral attitude adjustment motor is coaxially fixed to one end of the second lateral attitude adjustment screw via a coupling; the second lateral guide rod is distributed parallel to the second lateral attitude adjustment screw, and both ends of the second lateral guide rod are fixedly connected to the frame; the second lateral attitude adjustment screw seat is connected between the second lateral attitude adjustment screw and the second lateral guide rod; the longitudinal attitude adjustment motor is horizontally fixed to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw seat via a motor mounting bracket; one end of the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw is rotatably connected to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw seat via a bearing seat, and the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw... The other end of the lever is rotatably connected to the second transverse attitude adjustment screw seat via a bearing seat. The longitudinal attitude adjustment screw is perpendicular to the first and second transverse attitude adjustment screws. The motor shaft of the longitudinal attitude adjustment motor is coaxially fixed to one end of the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw via a coupling. The longitudinal guide rod is parallel to the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw. One end of the longitudinal guide rod is fixedly connected to the first transverse attitude adjustment screw seat, and the other end of the longitudinal guide rod is fixedly connected to the second transverse attitude adjustment screw seat. The longitudinal attitude adjustment screw seat is connected between the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw and the longitudinal guide rod.

[0012] The powder scraper rotation lifting and attitude adjustment assembly includes a powder scraper rotation drive mechanism and a powder scraper lifting drive mechanism; the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism is located at the bottom of the longitudinal attitude adjustment wire seat; the powder scraper rotation drive mechanism is located at the bottom of the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism.

[0013] The powder scraper pickup assembly includes a support rod, a pickup head housing, a pickup electromagnet, a magnetic positioning sensor, and a permanent magnet marker block. The top of the support rod is connected to the powder scraper rotation drive mechanism. The pickup head housing is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support rod. The pickup electromagnet is fixedly embedded at the center of the bottom of the pickup head housing, and a magnetic positioning sensor is fixedly embedded on each end of the pickup head housing at both ends of the pickup electromagnet. A permanent magnet marker block is fixedly embedded on each of the partitions at both ends of the powder scraper storage slot, and the distance between the two permanent magnet marker blocks is equal to the distance between the two magnetic positioning sensors.

[0014] An adaptive powder spreading method based on laser powder bed melting technology, employing the aforementioned adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology, includes the following steps: Step 1: Fill the material powder into the arc-shaped powder supply port until the required type of metal powder is stacked in the powder storage area marked on the upper surface of the arc-shaped powder support platform. Step 2: Simultaneously start the first and second horizontal attitude adjustment motors, drive the first and second horizontal attitude adjustment screws to rotate synchronously, and make the first and second horizontal attitude adjustment screw seats move horizontally synchronously, further driving the powder scraper rotary lifting attitude adjustment component and the powder scraper pickup component to move horizontally above the powder scraper storage area. Step 3: Start the longitudinal attitude adjustment motor, drive the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw to rotate, and make the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw seat move longitudinally, which in turn drives the powder scraper rotation lifting attitude adjustment component and the powder scraper pickup component to move longitudinally until the pickup head housing moves to the pre-selected powder scraper directly above it. Step 4: Activate the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism to lower the pickup head housing to the set height, so that the distance between the pickup head housing and the powder scraper reaches the set value; Step 5: Start the powder scraper rotation drive mechanism to drive the pickup head housing to rotate horizontally until the magnetic positioning sensor moves directly above the permanent magnet marker block, so that the pickup head housing is aligned with the powder scraper. Step 6: Activate the scraper lifting drive mechanism to continue driving the pickup head housing down until the pickup electromagnet at the bottom of the pickup head housing contacts the scraper. Step 7: Activate the pickup electromagnet to make the powder scraper stick and the pickup head housing adhere and fix together; Step 8: Activate the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism to raise the pickup head housing to the set height. The powder scraper will then detach from the powder scraper storage slot and rise synchronously with the pickup head housing. Step 9: Start the powder tray lifting drive motor, drive the powder tray lifting drive screw to rotate, causing the powder tray lifting drive screw seat to rise. The arc-shaped powder tray and the powder tray lifting drive screw seat rise synchronously until the arc-shaped powder tray moves upward a set distance, pushing the metal powder out of the arc-shaped powder supply port. Step 10: Through the linkage of the toner scraper translation and adjustment components and the toner scraper rotation and lifting adjustment components, the toner scraper scrapes the metal powder ejected from the arc-shaped toner supply port into the circular printing port according to the set path, completing the toner spreading on the surface of the cylindrical printing table. Excess metal powder is scraped into the arc-shaped waste toner outlet and collected by the arc-shaped waste toner collection box. During the toner scraping process, the toner scraper may or may not be replaced depending on the type of metal powder. If the toner scraper is replaced, the original toner scraper is first placed back into the toner scraper storage slot before the new toner scraper is picked up. Step 11: Start the laser printhead and laser print the metal powder that has been spread on the upper surface of the cylindrical printhead according to the set program. The printhead rotation drive mechanism can be either not started or linked with the laser printhead according to the set program. Step 12: Repeat steps 2 to 11, and after each layer is printed, the cylindrical printing table descends one layer's distance via the printing table lifting drive mechanism until the part is printed.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The adaptive powder spreading device and method based on laser powder bed melting technology of the present invention can select multiple materials in a single forming process, meet the continuous printing needs of metal powders with multiple materials, different particle sizes, and different properties, and can automatically change the appropriate scraper according to the type of metal powder to ensure that the powder spreading effect is always in the optimal state under different materials. At the same time, it can realize multi-angle and all-round localized powder spreading, and the material conversion during the forming process is simpler and faster, effectively meeting the forming needs of multifunctional integrated components and expanding the application of laser powder bed melting technology in the manufacturing of multifunctional integrated components. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology according to the present invention; Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the powder scraper translation and posture adjustment component, the powder scraper rotation and lifting posture adjustment component, and the powder scraper pickup component of the present invention. Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the powder supply component, the printing table component, and the arc-shaped waste powder collection box of the present invention. In the diagram, 1—frame, 2—partition, 3—toner scraper storage slot, 4—toner scraper, 5—circular printhead, 6—arc-shaped toner supply port, 7—arc-shaped waste toner discharge port, 8—cylindrical print table, 9—print table rotation drive mechanism, 10—print table lifting drive mechanism, 11—arc-shaped toner tray, 12—toner tray lifting drive motor, 13—toner tray lifting drive screw, 14—toner tray lifting drive screw seat, 15—arc-shaped waste toner collection box, 16—first horizontal attitude adjustment motor, 17—first horizontal attitude adjustment screw, 18—first horizontal… To the attitude adjustment screw seat, 19—first lateral guide light rod, 20—second lateral attitude adjustment motor, 21—second lateral attitude adjustment screw, 22—second lateral attitude adjustment screw seat, 23—second lateral guide light rod, 24—longitudinal attitude adjustment motor, 25—longitudinal attitude adjustment screw, 26—longitudinal attitude adjustment screw seat, 27—longitudinal guide light rod, 28—powder scraper rotary drive mechanism, 29—powder scraper lifting drive mechanism, 30—support rod, 31—pickup head housing, 32—pickup electromagnet, 33—magnetic positioning sensor, 34—permanent magnet marker block. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] like Figs. 1-3 As shown, an adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology includes a frame 1, a powder scraper translation and attitude adjustment component, a powder scraper rotation and lifting attitude adjustment component, a powder scraper pickup component, a powder supply component, and a printing table component. A partition 2 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the frame 1, and a powder scraper storage area and a part forming printing area are arranged side by side on the partition 2. The powder scraper translation and attitude adjustment component is arranged on the frame 1 above the partition 2. The powder scraper rotation and lifting attitude adjustment component is arranged on the powder scraper translation and attitude adjustment component. The powder scraper pickup component is arranged on the powder scraper rotation and lifting attitude adjustment component. The powder supply component and the printing table component are arranged on the frame 1 below the partition 2. Several parallel powder scraper storage slots 3 are arranged in the powder scraper storage area of ​​the partition 2, and a powder scraper 4 is placed in each powder scraper storage slot 3.

[0019] The part forming printing area of ​​the partition 2 is provided with a circular printing port 5, an arc-shaped powder supply port 6, and an arc-shaped waste powder discharge port 7. The circular printing port 5, the arc-shaped powder supply port 6, and the arc-shaped waste powder discharge port 7 are concentrically distributed. The arc-shaped powder supply port 6 and the arc-shaped waste powder discharge port 7 are distributed at a 180° phase angle with respect to the circular printing port 5. The laser print head is located directly above the circular printing port 5.

[0020] The printing table assembly is located directly below the circular printing port 5 and includes a cylindrical printing table 8, a printing table rotation drive mechanism 9, and a printing table lifting drive mechanism 10. The cylindrical printing table 8 is coaxially mounted inside the circular printing port 5, and the diameter of the cylindrical printing table 8 is equal to the diameter of the circular printing port 5. The printing table lifting drive mechanism 10 is mounted on the frame 1. The printing table rotation drive mechanism 9 is mounted on top of the printing table lifting drive mechanism 10. The cylindrical printing table 8 is mounted on top of the printing table rotation drive mechanism 9.

[0021] The powder supply assembly is located directly below the arc-shaped powder supply port 6 and includes an arc-shaped powder support platform 11, a powder support platform lifting drive motor 12, a powder support platform lifting drive screw 13, and a powder support platform lifting drive screw seat 14. The arc-shaped powder support platform 11 is inserted into the arc-shaped powder supply port 6, and the arc-shaped powder support platform 11 has the same cross-sectional shape and size as the arc-shaped powder supply port 6. The powder support platform lifting drive motor 12 is vertically fixed on the frame 1 with the motor shaft facing upward. The lower end of the powder support platform lifting drive screw 13 is coaxially fixed to the motor shaft of the powder support platform lifting drive motor 12 through a coupling, and the upper end of the powder support platform lifting drive screw 13 is rotatably connected to the frame 1 through a bearing. The powder support platform lifting drive screw seat 14 is fitted on the powder support platform lifting drive screw 13 and is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped powder support platform 11.

[0022] An arc-shaped waste powder collection box 15 is provided directly below the arc-shaped waste powder discharge outlet 7. The arc-shaped waste powder collection box 15 has the same cross-sectional shape as the arc-shaped waste powder discharge outlet 7, and the size of the opening of the arc-shaped waste powder collection box 15 is greater than or equal to the size of the arc-shaped waste powder discharge outlet 7.

[0023] Several powder storage areas are marked on the upper surface of the arc-shaped powder support platform 11, and each powder storage area is equipped with the required type of metal powder.

[0024] The powder scraper translation and attitude adjustment assembly includes a first lateral attitude adjustment motor 16, a first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw 17, a first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw seat 18, a first lateral guide rod 19, a second lateral attitude adjustment motor 20, a second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw 21, a second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw seat 22, a second lateral guide rod 23, a longitudinal attitude adjustment motor 24, a longitudinal attitude adjustment lead screw 25, a longitudinal attitude adjustment lead screw seat 26, and a longitudinal guide rod 27; the first lateral attitude adjustment motor 16 is horizontally fixed to the frame 1 via a motor mounting bracket; both ends of the first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw 17 are rotatably connected to the frame 1 via bearing seats, and the first lateral attitude adjustment motor... The motor shaft of machine 16 is coaxially fixed to one end of the first lateral attitude adjustment screw 17 via a coupling; the first lateral guide rod 19 is distributed parallel to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw 17, and both ends of the first lateral guide rod 19 are fixedly connected to the frame 1; the first lateral attitude adjustment screw nut 18 is connected between the first lateral attitude adjustment screw 17 and the first lateral guide rod 19; the second lateral attitude adjustment motor 20 is horizontally fixed to the frame 1 via a motor mounting bracket; both ends of the second lateral attitude adjustment screw 21 are rotatably connected to the frame 1 via bearing seats, and the second lateral attitude adjustment screw 21 is distributed parallel to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw 17. The motor shaft of the second lateral attitude adjustment motor 20 is coaxially fixed to one end of the second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw 21 via a coupling; the second lateral guide rod 23 is distributed parallel to the second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw 21, and both ends of the second lateral guide rod 23 are fixedly connected to the frame 1; the second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw nut 22 is connected between the second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw 21 and the second lateral guide rod 23; the longitudinal attitude adjustment motor 24 is horizontally fixed to the first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw nut 18 via a motor mounting bracket; one end of the longitudinal attitude adjustment lead screw 25 is rotatably connected to the first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw nut 18 via a bearing seat, and the longitudinal attitude adjustment lead screw 25... The other end is rotatably connected to the second transverse attitude adjustment screw seat 22 via a bearing seat. The longitudinal attitude adjustment screw 25 is perpendicularly distributed to the first transverse attitude adjustment screw 17 and the second transverse attitude adjustment screw 21. The motor shaft of the longitudinal attitude adjustment motor 24 is coaxially fixed to one end of the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw 25 via a coupling. The longitudinal guide rod 27 is parallel to the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw 25. One end of the longitudinal guide rod 27 is fixedly connected to the first transverse attitude adjustment screw seat 18, and the other end of the longitudinal guide rod 27 is fixedly connected to the second transverse attitude adjustment screw seat 22. The longitudinal attitude adjustment screw seat 26 is connected between the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw 25 and the longitudinal guide rod 27.

[0025] The powder scraper rotation lifting and attitude adjustment assembly includes a powder scraper rotation drive mechanism 28 and a powder scraper lifting drive mechanism 29; the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism 29 is located at the bottom of the longitudinal attitude adjustment wire seat 26; the powder scraper rotation drive mechanism 28 is located at the bottom of the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism 29.

[0026] The powder scraper pickup assembly includes a support rod 30, a pickup head housing 31, a pickup electromagnet 32, a magnetic positioning sensor 33, and a permanent magnet marker block 34. The top of the support rod 30 is connected to the powder scraper rotation drive mechanism 28. The pickup head housing 31 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support rod 30. The pickup electromagnet 32 ​​is fixedly embedded at the center of the bottom of the pickup head housing 31. A magnetic positioning sensor 33 is fixedly embedded on each of the pickup head housings 31 at both ends of the pickup electromagnet 32. A permanent magnet marker block 34 is fixedly embedded on each of the partition plates 2 at both ends of the powder scraper storage groove 3. The distance between the two permanent magnet marker blocks 34 is equal to the distance between the two magnetic positioning sensors 33.

[0027] In this embodiment, four powder storage areas are marked on the upper surface of the arc-shaped powder support platform 11 to realize the stacking of four different material powders. Each of the four different material powders is equipped with a powder scraper 4, and the four powder scraper 4 are placed side by side in the four powder scraper storage slots 3 of the powder scraper storage area.

[0028] An adaptive powder spreading method based on laser powder bed melting technology, employing the aforementioned adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology, includes the following steps: Step 1: Fill the material powder into the arc-shaped powder supply port 6 until the powder storage area marked on the upper surface of the arc-shaped powder support platform 11 is filled with the required type of metal powder. Step 2: Simultaneously start the first horizontal attitude adjustment motor 16 and the second horizontal attitude adjustment motor 20, drive the first horizontal attitude adjustment lead screw 17 and the second horizontal attitude adjustment lead screw 21 to rotate synchronously, so that the first horizontal attitude adjustment lead screw seat 18 and the second horizontal attitude adjustment lead screw seat 22 move horizontally synchronously, and further drive the powder scraper rotary lifting attitude adjustment component and the powder scraper picking component to move horizontally above the powder scraper storage area. Step 3: Start the longitudinal attitude adjustment motor 24, drive the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw 25 to rotate, and make the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw seat 26 move longitudinally, further driving the powder scraper rotation lifting attitude adjustment component and the powder scraper pickup component to move longitudinally until the pickup head housing 31 moves to the pre-selected powder scraper 4 directly above it. Step 4: Activate the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism 29 to lower the pickup head housing 31 to the set height, so that the distance between the pickup head housing 31 and the powder scraper 4 reaches the set value; Step 5: Start the powder scraper rotation drive mechanism 28 to drive the pickup head housing 31 to rotate horizontally until the magnetic positioning sensor 33 moves directly above the permanent magnet marker block 34, so that the pickup head housing 31 is aligned with the powder scraper 4. Step 6: Start the scraper lifting drive mechanism 29 to continue driving the pickup head housing 31 to descend until the pickup electromagnet 32 ​​at the bottom of the pickup head housing 31 contacts the scraper 4; Step 7: Activate the pickup electromagnet 32 ​​to make the powder scraper 4 and the pickup head housing 31 adhere and fix together; Step 8: Start the scraper lifting drive mechanism 29 to drive the pickup head housing 31 to rise to the set height, and the scraper 4 will disengage from the scraper storage slot 3 and rise synchronously with the pickup head housing 31. Step 9: Start the powder tray lifting drive motor 12, drive the powder tray lifting drive screw 13 to rotate, so that the powder tray lifting drive screw seat 14 rises. The arc-shaped powder tray 11 and the powder tray lifting drive screw seat 14 rise synchronously until the arc-shaped powder tray 11 moves upward a set distance, pushing the metal powder out of the arc-shaped powder supply port 6. Step 10: Through the linkage of the toner scraper translation and adjustment components and the toner scraper rotation and lifting adjustment components, the toner scraper 4 scrapes the metal powder from the arc-shaped toner supply port 6 into the circular printing port 5 according to the set path, completing the toner spreading on the upper surface of the cylindrical printing table 8, and scraping the excess metal powder into the arc-shaped waste toner discharge port 7, which is then collected by the arc-shaped waste toner collection box 15. During the toner scraping process, the toner scraper 4 can be replaced or not, depending on the type of metal powder. If the toner scraper 4 is replaced, the original toner scraper 4 is first placed back into the toner scraper storage slot 3, and then the new toner scraper 4 is picked up. Step 11: Start the laser printhead and laser print the metal powder that has been laid on the upper surface of the cylindrical print table 8 according to the set program. The print table rotation drive mechanism 9 can be selected not to start or linked with the laser printhead according to the set program. Step 12: Repeat steps 2 to 11. After each layer is printed, the cylindrical printing table 8 descends one layer's distance via the printing table lifting drive mechanism 10 until the part is printed.

[0029] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology, characterized in that: The system includes a frame, a scraper translation and adjustment assembly, a scraper rotation and lifting adjustment assembly, a scraper pickup assembly, a powder supply assembly, and a print table assembly. A partition is horizontally arranged in the middle of the frame, on which a scraper storage area and a parts forming and printing area are arranged side-by-side. The scraper translation and adjustment assembly is mounted on the frame above the partition. The scraper rotation and lifting adjustment assembly is mounted on top of the scraper translation and adjustment assembly. The scraper pickup assembly is mounted on top of the scraper rotation and lifting adjustment assembly. The powder supply assembly and the print table assembly are mounted on the frame below the partition. The scraper storage area on the partition has several parallel scraper storage slots, each containing one scraper.

2. The adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The part forming printing area of ​​the partition is provided with a circular printing port, an arc-shaped powder supply port and an arc-shaped waste powder discharge port; the circular printing port, the arc-shaped powder supply port and the arc-shaped waste powder discharge port are concentrically distributed, and the arc-shaped powder supply port and the arc-shaped waste powder discharge port are distributed at a 180° phase angle with respect to the circular printing port, and the laser print head is located directly above the circular printing port.

3. The adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The printing table assembly is located directly below the circular printout and includes a cylindrical printing table, a printing table rotation drive mechanism, and a printing table lifting drive mechanism. The cylindrical printing table is coaxially mounted inside the circular printout, and the diameter of the cylindrical printing table is equal to the diameter of the circular printout. The printing table lifting drive mechanism is mounted on the frame. The printing table rotation drive mechanism is located on top of the printing table lifting drive mechanism. The cylindrical printing table is located on top of the printing table rotation drive mechanism.

4. The adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The powder supply assembly is located directly below the arc-shaped powder supply port and includes an arc-shaped powder support platform, a powder support platform lifting drive motor, a powder support platform lifting drive screw, and a powder support platform lifting drive screw seat. The arc-shaped powder support platform is installed inside the arc-shaped powder supply port, and the cross-sectional shape and size of the arc-shaped powder support platform are the same as those of the arc-shaped powder supply port. The powder support platform lifting drive motor is vertically fixed on the frame with its motor shaft facing upward. The lower end of the powder support platform lifting drive screw is coaxially fixed to the motor shaft of the powder support platform lifting drive motor through a coupling, and the upper end of the powder support platform lifting drive screw is rotatably connected to the frame through a bearing. The powder support platform lifting drive screw seat is fitted onto the powder support platform lifting drive screw and is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped powder support platform.

5. The adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: An arc-shaped waste powder collection box is provided directly below the arc-shaped waste powder discharge outlet. The arc-shaped waste powder collection box has the same cross-sectional shape as the arc-shaped waste powder discharge outlet, and the opening size of the arc-shaped waste powder collection box is greater than or equal to the size of the arc-shaped waste powder discharge outlet.

6. The adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: Several powder storage areas are marked on the upper surface of the arc-shaped powder support platform, and each powder storage area is equipped with the required type of metal powder.

7. The adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder scraper translation and attitude adjustment assembly includes a first lateral attitude adjustment motor, a first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw, a first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw seat, a first lateral guide rod, a second lateral attitude adjustment motor, a second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw, a second lateral attitude adjustment lead screw seat, a second lateral guide rod, a longitudinal attitude adjustment motor, a longitudinal attitude adjustment lead screw, a longitudinal attitude adjustment lead screw seat, and a longitudinal guide rod; the first lateral attitude adjustment motor is horizontally fixed to the frame via a motor mounting bracket; both ends of the first lateral attitude adjustment lead screw are rotatably connected to the frame via bearing seats. The motor shaft is coaxially fixed to one end of the first lateral attitude adjustment screw via a coupling; the first lateral guide rod is distributed parallel to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw, and both ends of the first lateral guide rod are fixedly connected to the frame; the first lateral attitude adjustment screw seat is connected between the first lateral attitude adjustment screw and the first lateral guide rod; the second lateral attitude adjustment motor is horizontally fixed to the frame via a motor mounting bracket; both ends of the second lateral attitude adjustment screw are rotatably connected to the frame via bearing seats, and the second lateral attitude adjustment screw is distributed parallel to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw. The motor shaft of the second lateral attitude adjustment motor is coaxially fixed to one end of the second lateral attitude adjustment screw via a coupling; the second lateral guide rod is distributed parallel to the second lateral attitude adjustment screw, and both ends of the second lateral guide rod are fixedly connected to the frame; the second lateral attitude adjustment screw seat is connected between the second lateral attitude adjustment screw and the second lateral guide rod; the longitudinal attitude adjustment motor is horizontally fixed to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw seat via a motor mounting bracket; one end of the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw is rotatably connected to the first lateral attitude adjustment screw seat via a bearing seat, and the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw... The other end of the lever is rotatably connected to the second transverse attitude adjustment screw seat via a bearing seat. The longitudinal attitude adjustment screw is perpendicular to the first and second transverse attitude adjustment screws. The motor shaft of the longitudinal attitude adjustment motor is coaxially fixed to one end of the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw via a coupling. The longitudinal guide rod is parallel to the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw. One end of the longitudinal guide rod is fixedly connected to the first transverse attitude adjustment screw seat, and the other end of the longitudinal guide rod is fixedly connected to the second transverse attitude adjustment screw seat. The longitudinal attitude adjustment screw seat is connected between the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw and the longitudinal guide rod.

8. The adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The powder scraper rotation lifting and attitude adjustment assembly includes a powder scraper rotation drive mechanism and a powder scraper lifting drive mechanism; the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism is located at the bottom of the longitudinal attitude adjustment wire seat; the powder scraper rotation drive mechanism is located at the bottom of the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism.

9. An adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The powder scraper pickup assembly includes a support rod, a pickup head housing, a pickup electromagnet, a magnetic positioning sensor, and a permanent magnet marker block. The top of the support rod is connected to the powder scraper rotation drive mechanism. The pickup head housing is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support rod. The pickup electromagnet is fixedly embedded at the center of the bottom of the pickup head housing, and a magnetic positioning sensor is fixedly embedded on each end of the pickup head housing at both ends of the pickup electromagnet. A permanent magnet marker block is fixedly embedded on each of the partitions at both ends of the powder scraper storage slot, and the distance between the two permanent magnet marker blocks is equal to the distance between the two magnetic positioning sensors.

10. An adaptive powder spreading method based on laser powder bed melting technology, employing the adaptive powder spreading device based on laser powder bed melting technology as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: Fill the material powder into the arc-shaped powder supply port until the required type of metal powder is stacked in the powder storage area marked on the upper surface of the arc-shaped powder support platform. Step 2: Simultaneously start the first and second horizontal attitude adjustment motors, drive the first and second horizontal attitude adjustment screws to rotate synchronously, and make the first and second horizontal attitude adjustment screw seats move horizontally synchronously, further driving the powder scraper rotary lifting attitude adjustment component and the powder scraper pickup component to move horizontally above the powder scraper storage area. Step 3: Start the longitudinal attitude adjustment motor, drive the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw to rotate, and make the longitudinal attitude adjustment screw seat move longitudinally, which in turn drives the powder scraper rotation lifting attitude adjustment component and the powder scraper pickup component to move longitudinally until the pickup head housing moves to the pre-selected powder scraper directly above it. Step 4: Activate the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism to lower the pickup head housing to the set height, so that the distance between the pickup head housing and the powder scraper reaches the set value; Step 5: Start the powder scraper rotation drive mechanism to drive the pickup head housing to rotate horizontally until the magnetic positioning sensor moves directly above the permanent magnet marker block, so that the pickup head housing is aligned with the powder scraper. Step 6: Activate the scraper lifting drive mechanism to continue driving the pickup head housing down until the pickup electromagnet at the bottom of the pickup head housing contacts the scraper. Step 7: Activate the pickup electromagnet to make the powder scraper stick and the pickup head housing adhere and fix together; Step 8: Activate the powder scraper lifting drive mechanism to raise the pickup head housing to the set height. The powder scraper will then detach from the powder scraper storage slot and rise synchronously with the pickup head housing. Step 9: Start the powder tray lifting drive motor, drive the powder tray lifting drive screw to rotate, causing the powder tray lifting drive screw seat to rise. The arc-shaped powder tray and the powder tray lifting drive screw seat rise synchronously until the arc-shaped powder tray moves upward a set distance, pushing the metal powder out of the arc-shaped powder supply port. Step 10: Through the linkage of the toner scraper translation and adjustment components and the toner scraper rotation and lifting adjustment components, the toner scraper scrapes the metal powder ejected from the arc-shaped toner supply port into the circular printing port according to the set path, completing the toner spreading on the surface of the cylindrical printing table. Excess metal powder is scraped into the arc-shaped waste toner outlet and collected by the arc-shaped waste toner collection box. During the toner scraping process, the toner scraper may or may not be replaced depending on the type of metal powder. If the toner scraper is replaced, the original toner scraper is first placed back into the toner scraper storage slot before the new toner scraper is picked up. Step 11: Start the laser printhead and laser print the metal powder that has been spread on the upper surface of the cylindrical printhead according to the set program. The printhead rotation drive mechanism can be either not started or linked with the laser printhead according to the set program. Step 12: Repeat steps 2 to 11, and after each layer is printed, the cylindrical printing table descends one layer's distance via the printing table lifting drive mechanism until the part is printed.

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