A numerical control lathe for machining hydraulic pump and a turning method of a hydraulic pump cylinder

Abstract

The application relates to the field of turning technology, in particular to a numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining and a turning method of a hydraulic pump cylinder body, which comprises a lathe shell, a workbench and a turning tool, the workbench is fixedly arranged in the interior of the lathe shell, a clamping and rotating mechanism is arranged on the workbench, a sliding frame is slidably arranged on the workbench along the length direction of the workbench, the turning tool is arranged on the sliding frame through an adjusting assembly, a driving mechanism connected with the sliding frame is arranged on the workbench, a trigger mechanism cooperated with the sliding frame and the driving mechanism is arranged on the workbench, the adjusting assembly is connected with the trigger mechanism through a transmission structure, the clamping and rotating mechanism is used for stably clamping and synchronously rotating the hydraulic pump cylinder bodies with different sizes, the closed-loop control is formed by cooperating with the sliding frame, the driving mechanism and the trigger mechanism, the continuous turning of multiple sections of the outer circle can be completed in succession without stopping, manual measurement or secondary clamping, and the problems of power abrupt increase and equipment overload caused by one-time large-depth cutting are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of turning technology, specifically to a CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps and a turning method for hydraulic pump cylinders. Background Technology

[0002] As the "heart" of a hydraulic system, the hydraulic pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy through the cooperation of precision components such as the cylinder block, distributor plate, and plunger assembly, providing a power source for fields such as engineering machinery, aerospace, shipbuilding, and metallurgy. Among these components, the geometric accuracy, surface roughness, and coaxiality of the cylinder outer diameter directly determine the pump's volumetric efficiency, noise level, and service life. With the surge in demand for high-pressure, high-flow, and low-noise hydraulic pumps, the length-to-diameter ratio of the cylinder block is constantly increasing, and traditional machining methods can no longer meet the manufacturing requirements of high efficiency, high precision, and low damage.

[0003] Due to the large length and thin wall of the cylinder, even slight fluctuations in cutting force can easily cause tool deformation. To avoid tool vibration and burnout, operators are often forced to adopt a conservative process of "large depth of cut, low speed, and few cuts," resulting in the machine tool spindle and servo motor operating under heavy load for extended periods, leading to high energy consumption and rapid tool wear. Frequent machine starts and stops, manual measurements, and secondary clamping are not only inefficient, but multiple reference conversions also accumulate positioning errors, ultimately affecting the coaxiality and end face perpendicularity of the stepped outer circle. Furthermore, the deep cavity structure makes it difficult for coolant to reach the tool tip sufficiently, further limiting the optimization space for cutting parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps and a turning method for hydraulic pump cylinders, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps includes a lathe housing, a worktable, and a cutting tool. The worktable is fixedly disposed inside the lathe housing and is provided with a clamping and rotating mechanism. The clamping and rotating mechanism can clamp and rotate both ends of hydraulic pump cylinders of different sizes to be machined.

[0007] A slide is slidably mounted on the worktable along its length, and the cutting tool is mounted on the slide via an adjustment assembly.

[0008] The worktable is equipped with a drive mechanism, which is connected to the slide. When the drive mechanism is running, the slide will drive the cutting tool to move and turn along the length of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be processed.

[0009] The workbench is equipped with a triggering mechanism, which cooperates with the slide and the drive mechanism respectively. When the slide moves the cutting tool away from the hydraulic pump cylinder, the slide will drive the triggering mechanism to move. The triggering mechanism will interact with the drive mechanism to make the slide return.

[0010] The adjustment component is connected to the triggering mechanism through a transmission structure. During the operation of the triggering mechanism, the adjustment component is driven by the transmission structure to move the cutting tool a preset distance toward the center of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be processed.

[0011] CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps as described above:

[0012] The clamping and rotating mechanism includes a jaw chuck and a tail cone. The jaw chuck is rotatably disposed at one end of the worktable, and the tail cone is threaded at the other end of the worktable and corresponds to the jaw chuck.

[0013] A motor is fixedly mounted on the workbench, and a first pulley is coaxially fixedly mounted on the output end of the motor. A second pulley is coaxially fixedly mounted on the chuck, and the first pulley and the second pulley are connected by a toothed belt.

[0014] CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps as described above:

[0015] The adjustment assembly includes a threaded rod and a rotating rod. The threaded rod is rotatably mounted on the slide along the length direction perpendicular to the worktable, and the rotating rod is rotatably mounted on the worktable along the length direction of the worktable.

[0016] A slide block is slidably disposed on the slide frame, the slide block is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod, the cutting tool is fixedly disposed on the slide block, and a sleeve is rotatably disposed on the slide frame, the sleeve being slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod.

[0017] CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps as described above:

[0018] A transmission rod is rotatably mounted on the slide, and a first bevel gear and a third bevel gear are coaxially fixed at both ends of the transmission rod, respectively. A second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the sleeve, and a fourth bevel gear that meshes with the third bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the threaded rod.

[0019] The outer wall of the rotating rod is provided with a groove along its length, and a protrusion is fixedly provided inside the sleeve. The protrusion is located in the groove and is slidably engaged.

[0020] CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps as described above:

[0021] The drive mechanism includes a lead screw, a rotating shaft, and a motor. The lead screw and the rotating shaft are rotatably mounted on the worktable along the length of the worktable. The motor is fixedly mounted on the worktable and its output end is coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft. The slide is threadedly engaged with the lead screw.

[0022] A retaining ring is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft, and a disc is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. A second toothed ring and a third toothed ring are coaxially fixed on both sides of the disc, respectively. A sliding groove is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft along its length direction, and a sliding column is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the disc. The sliding column is located in the sliding groove and is slidably engaged.

[0023] CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps as described above:

[0024] A first gear ring is rotatably mounted on the worktable. The first gear ring is coaxially located on one side of the disk. A first gear is coaxially fixed on the first gear ring. A second gear that meshes with the first gear is coaxially fixed on the lead screw.

[0025] A compression spring is fitted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. The two ends of the compression spring abut against the retaining ring and the disc, respectively, so as to drive the second toothed ring to always mesh with the first toothed ring.

[0026] CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps as described above:

[0027] A fourth gear ring is rotatably mounted on the worktable. The fourth gear ring is coaxially located on the other side of the disk. A third gear is coaxially fixed on the fourth gear ring. A fifth gear is coaxially fixed on the lead screw. A fourth gear is rotatably mounted on the worktable, meshing with the third gear and the fifth gear respectively.

[0028] When the disk is subjected to external force, it causes the second toothed ring to separate from the first toothed ring, and the third toothed ring to mesh with the fourth toothed ring. At this time, the compression spring is further compressed, and the lead screw will switch from forward rotation to reverse rotation.

[0029] CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps as described above:

[0030] The triggering mechanism includes a fixed frame and a swing arm. The fixed frame is fixed to the worktable, and a spindle is rotatably mounted on the fixed frame. One end of the swing arm is fixedly connected to the spindle, and the other end of the swing arm is fixedly mounted with a push rod corresponding to the disc.

[0031] A column is fixedly mounted on the swing arm, and a pole is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame. The column and the pole are connected by a hook spring. The elastic force of the hook spring is greater than that of the compression spring. A limit post is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame. Under the action of the hook spring, the swing arm abuts against the limit post. A reversing rod is fixedly mounted on the slide, and the reversing rod corresponds to the swing arm.

[0032] When the swing arm is deflected by the reversing rod on the carriage and exceeds the maximum tension of the hook spring, the swing arm will deflect rapidly to push the disc to slide on the rotating shaft, so that the second toothed ring separates from the first toothed ring and the third toothed ring meshes with the fourth toothed ring.

[0033] CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps as described above:

[0034] The transmission structure includes a transmission shaft rotatably mounted on the fixed frame, a No. 5 bevel gear coaxially fixed at one end of the transmission shaft, and a No. 6 bevel gear coaxially fixed on the spindle, meshing with the No. 5 bevel gear.

[0035] A No. 7 bevel gear is coaxially fixed at the other end of the drive shaft, and an No. 8 bevel gear that meshes with the No. 7 bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod.

[0036] A method for turning a hydraulic pump cylinder block using the CNC machining lathe described above, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Establish a reference. The hydraulic pump cylinder body is clamped in the clamping and rotating mechanism. The tail cone is rotated in and positioned according to the length of the cylinder body. The motor drives the jaw chuck to rotate at a constant speed via the toothed belt, so that the cylinder body obtains a constant rotation reference.

[0038] Step 2: Forward turning. The motor drives the lead screw to rotate forward via the shaft, disc, second gear ring, first gear ring, first gear, and second gear. The carriage drives the cutting tool to turn the first section of the outer circle of the cylinder with the initial depth of cut. The triggering mechanism is in the ready-to-trigger state.

[0039] Step 3: Stroke triggering. When the carriage reaches the set endpoint and the cutting tool just leaves the workpiece surface, the reversing rod pushes the rocker arm to overcome the momentary deflection of the hook spring past the center. The push rod impacts the disc and moves to the left. The second toothed ring disengages from the first toothed ring, and the third toothed ring meshes with the fourth toothed ring. The lead screw immediately reverses direction, and the carriage begins its high-speed return stroke. At the same time, the spindle rotates synchronously with the rocker arm.

[0040] Step 4: Tool compensation synchronization. The rotation of the mandrel is transmitted to the rotating rod via bevel gear No. 6, bevel gear No. 5, drive shaft, bevel gear No. 7, and bevel gear No. 8. The rotating rod drives the sleeve to rotate via the groove and the convex post. Then, it drives the threaded rod to rotate in place via bevel gear No. 2, bevel gear No. 1, drive rod, bevel gear No. 3, and bevel gear No. 4. This causes the slide to drive the cutting tool to feed a preset distance slightly towards the center of the cylinder, completing the automatic setting of the next cutting depth.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] The clamping and rotating mechanism enables stable clamping and synchronous rotation of hydraulic pump cylinders of different sizes. It works in conjunction with the carriage, drive mechanism, and trigger mechanism to form a closed-loop control. When the cutting tool completes a section of outer diameter machining and leaves the workpiece, the trigger mechanism immediately activates. On the one hand, it instructs the drive mechanism to drive the carriage to return automatically. On the other hand, it precisely drives the adjustment component through the transmission structure, allowing the cutting tool to feed a preset distance towards the center of the cylinder. Without stopping the machine, requiring manual measurement, or re-clamping, multiple sections of outer diameter machining can be completed sequentially. This avoids the power surge and equipment overload caused by a large depth of cut in one operation, while improving machining efficiency, dimensional consistency, and surface quality. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a CNC lathe used for machining hydraulic pumps.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a sectional view of the lathe housing in a CNC lathe used for machining hydraulic pumps.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a CNC lathe used for machining hydraulic pumps after the lathe housing has been removed.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a sectional view of the carriage, sleeve, and No. 2 bevel gear in a CNC lathe used for machining hydraulic pumps.

[0047] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram from another perspective of a CNC lathe used for machining hydraulic pumps after the lathe housing has been removed.

[0049] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0050] Figure 8 Another perspective schematic diagram of the overall structure of a CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps.

[0051] Figure 9This is a sectional view of the first gear ring, the disc, the second gear ring, and the third gear ring on a CNC lathe used for machining hydraulic pumps.

[0052] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0053] Figure 11 This is a partial structural breakdown diagram of a CNC lathe used for machining hydraulic pumps.

[0054] In the diagram: 1. Lathe housing; 2. Worktable; 3. Cutting tool; 4. Carriage; 5. Chuck; 6. Tail cone; 7. Motor; 8. Pulley No. 1; 9. Pulley No. 2; 10. Toothed belt; 11. Threaded rod; 12. Rotary rod; 1201. Groove; 13. Slide; 14. Sleeve; 1401. Protrusion; 15. Transmission rod; 16. Bevel gear No. 1; 17. Bevel gear No. 2; 18. Bevel gear No. 3; 19. Bevel gear No. 4; 20. Lead screw; 21. Shaft; 2101. Slide groove; 22. Motor; 23. Retaining ring; 24. First toothed ring; 25. Gear No. 1; 26. Gear No. 2; 27. Disc; 2701. Sliding column; 28. Second gear ring; 29. ​​Third gear ring; 30. Compression spring; 31. Fourth gear ring; 32. Gear No. 3; 33. Gear No. 4; 34. Gear No. 5; 35. Fixing frame; 36. Swing rod; 37. Spindle; 38. Push rod; 39. Column; 40. Upright pole; 41. Hook spring; 42. Limiting post; 43. Reversing rod; 44. Drive shaft; 45. Fifth bevel gear; 46. Sixth bevel gear; 47. Seventh bevel gear; 48. Eighth bevel gear. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0056] Please see Figures 1-11 As an embodiment of the present invention, a CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps includes a lathe housing 1, a worktable 2 and a cutting tool 3. The worktable 2 is fixedly disposed inside the lathe housing 1. A clamping and rotating mechanism is provided on the worktable 2. The clamping and rotating mechanism can clamp and rotate both ends of hydraulic pump cylinders of different sizes to be machined.

[0057] A slide 4 is slidably arranged on the worktable 2 along its length, and the cutting tool 3 is set on the slide 4 by an adjustment component;

[0058] The worktable 2 is equipped with a drive mechanism, which is connected to the slide 4. When the drive mechanism is running, the slide 4 will drive the cutting tool 3 to move and turn along the length of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be processed.

[0059] The worktable 2 is equipped with a triggering mechanism, which cooperates with the slide 4 and the drive mechanism respectively. When the slide 4 drives the cutting tool 3 away from the hydraulic pump cylinder, the slide 4 will drive the triggering mechanism to move. The triggering mechanism will interact with the drive mechanism to make the slide 4 return.

[0060] The adjustment component is connected to the triggering mechanism through a transmission structure. During the operation of the triggering mechanism, the adjustment component will be driven by the transmission structure to move the cutting tool 3 a preset distance toward the center of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be processed.

[0061] In this embodiment, the clamping and rotating mechanism automatically adjusts the distance according to the cylinder length, synchronously clamps both ends of the workpiece and drives it to rotate continuously, establishing a constant rotation reference.

[0062] When the drive mechanism is energized, the carriage 4 feeds longitudinally along the guide rail of the worktable 2, and the cutting tool 3 turns the outer circle of the first section of the cylinder with the initial depth of cut. At this time, the triggering mechanism is in the ready-to-trigger state.

[0063] When the slide 4 reaches the set end of the stroke and the cutting tool 3 just leaves the workpiece surface, the reversing rod 43 on the slide 4 presses down the trigger mechanism, causing it to instantly send two mechanical signals, one to the drive mechanism and the other to the transmission structure.

[0064] After receiving the signal, the drive mechanism immediately reverses, and the carriage 4 drives the cutting tool 3 back to the starting point. During the return trip, the clamping and rotating mechanism does not loosen the clamp, the workpiece keeps rotating, and the reference remains unchanged.

[0065] During the return stroke, the triggering mechanism converts the rotational motion into linear displacement of the adjustment component through the transmission structure, pushing the cutting tool 3 to feed a preset distance slightly towards the center of the cylinder, thus completing the automatic setting of the next cutting depth.

[0066] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the clamping and rotating mechanism includes a jaw chuck 5 and a tail cone 6. The jaw chuck 5 is rotatably disposed at one end of the worktable 2, and the tail cone 6 is threadedly disposed at the other end of the worktable 2 and corresponds to the jaw chuck 5.

[0067] A motor 7 is fixedly installed on the workbench 2. A first pulley 8 is coaxially fixedly installed on the output end of the motor 7. A second pulley 9 is coaxially fixedly installed on the chuck 5. The first pulley 8 and the second pulley 9 are connected by a toothed belt 10.

[0068] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 After the motor 7 is powered on, it outputs a constant speed, driving the coaxial first pulley 8 to rotate. The first pulley 8 transmits the torque to the second pulley 9 without slippage through the toothed belt 10, so that the gripper chuck 5 obtains a rotational motion coaxial with the motor 7.

[0069] Depending on the length of the hydraulic pump cylinder, the tail cone 6 is screwed in or out on the threaded guide rail, so that its tip is kept at the required distance from the end face of the chuck 5. One end of the cylinder is automatically centered and clamped by the chuck 5, and the other end is pressed by the tip of the tail cone 6, forming a rigid support of "one clamp and one press", and completing the synchronous positioning of both ends.

[0070] After clamping is completed, the motor 7 continues to run, and the chuck 5 drives the cylinder to rotate at a constant speed under the synchronous drive of the toothed belt 10. The tail cone 6 only provides axial support and does not transmit torque, ensuring that the axis of rotation of the workpiece coincides with the axis of rotation of the machine tool spindle, thus establishing a stable rotational reference for the subsequent longitudinal turning of the carriage 4.

[0071] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment assembly includes a threaded rod 11 and a rotating rod 12. The threaded rod 11 is rotatably mounted on the slide 4 along the length direction perpendicular to the worktable 2, and the rotating rod 12 is rotatably mounted on the worktable 2 along the length direction of the worktable 2.

[0072] A slide block 13 is slidably disposed on the slide 4. The slide block 13 is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod 11. The cutting tool 3 is fixedly disposed on the slide block 13. A sleeve 14 is rotatably disposed on the slide 4. The sleeve 14 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod 12.

[0073] A transmission rod 15 is rotatably mounted on the slide 4. A first bevel gear 16 and a third bevel gear 18 are coaxially fixed at both ends of the transmission rod 15. A second bevel gear 17 that meshes with the first bevel gear 16 is fixedly mounted on the sleeve 14. A fourth bevel gear 19 that meshes with the third bevel gear 18 is fixedly mounted on the threaded rod 11.

[0074] The outer wall of the rotating rod 12 is provided with a groove 1201 along its length direction, and a protrusion 1401 is fixedly provided inside the sleeve 14. The protrusion 1401 is located in the groove 1201 and is slidably engaged.

[0075] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 When the trigger mechanism is activated, the rotating rod 12 is driven to rotate around its own axis through the transmission structure. At this time, the slide 4 is in the return or pause stage, and the rotating rod 12 only rotates without axial displacement.

[0076] Since the protrusion 1401 inside the sleeve 14 is embedded in the axial groove 1201 of the rotating rod 12 to form a "sliding key" fit, the rotational motion of the rotating rod 12 is forcibly transmitted to the sleeve 14, so that the sleeve 14 rotates synchronously with the rotating rod 12. At the same time, the protrusion 1401 can slide in the groove 1201, ensuring that the sleeve 14 can still slide freely along the rotating rod 12 when the slide 4 moves longitudinally, without interfering with each other.

[0077] The rotation of sleeve 14 is transmitted to bevel gear 19 through bevel gear 17, bevel gear 16, transmission rod 15, and bevel gear 18. Bevel gear 16 and bevel gear 18 at both ends of transmission rod 15 are coaxially fixed to ensure no backlash and no step loss.

[0078] The fourth bevel gear 19 is coaxially fixed to the threaded rod 11. After being driven, the threaded rod 11 rotates in place in the radial bearing of the slide 4. Its pitch directly determines the subsequent feed amount.

[0079] The slide 13 and the threaded rod 11 form a helical pair, and the slide 13 can only slide radially due to the restriction of the guide rail of the slide 4. Therefore, every time the threaded rod 11 rotates, the slide 13 drives the cutting tool 3 to move precisely one pitch towards the center of the cylinder, thus completing the preset micro-depth of cut compensation. The entire link from the rotating rod 12 to the cutting tool 3 is rigidly connected, and the feed rate is uniquely determined by the rotation angle of the rotating rod 12.

[0080] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a lead screw 20, a rotating shaft 21 and a motor 22. The lead screw 20 and the rotating shaft 21 are rotatably mounted on the worktable 2 along the length direction of the worktable 2. The motor 22 is fixedly mounted on the worktable 2 and its output end is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 21. The slide 4 is threadedly engaged with the lead screw 20.

[0081] A retaining ring 23 is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft 21. A disc 27 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 21. A second toothed ring 28 and a third toothed ring 29 are coaxially fixed on both sides of the disc 27, respectively. A sliding groove 2101 is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 21 along its length direction. A sliding column 2701 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the disc 27. The sliding column 2701 is located in the sliding groove 2101 and is slidably engaged.

[0082] A first gear ring 24 is rotatably mounted on the workbench 2. The first gear ring 24 is coaxially located on one side of the disk 27. A first gear 25 is coaxially fixed on the first gear ring 24. A second gear 26 that meshes with the first gear 25 is coaxially fixed on the lead screw 20.

[0083] A compression spring 30 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 21. The two ends of the compression spring 30 abut against the retaining ring 23 and the disc 27 respectively, so as to drive the second toothed ring 28 to always mesh with the first toothed ring 24.

[0084] A fourth gear ring 31 is rotatably mounted on the worktable 2. The fourth gear ring 31 is coaxially located on the other side of the disk 27. A third gear 32 is coaxially fixed on the fourth gear ring 31. A fifth gear 34 is coaxially fixed on the lead screw 20. A fourth gear 33 is rotatably mounted on the worktable 2, which meshes with the third gear 32 and the fifth gear 34 respectively.

[0085] When the disk 27 is subjected to external force, it causes the second toothed ring 28 to separate from the first toothed ring 24, and the third toothed ring 29 to mesh with the fourth toothed ring 31. The compression spring 30 is further compressed, and the lead screw 20 will switch from forward rotation to reverse rotation.

[0086] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 After the motor 22 starts, it drives the rotating shaft 21 to rotate in a constant direction. The compression spring 30 pushes the disc 27 to the right, so that the second gear ring 28 meshes with the first gear ring 24. The torque passes through the rotating shaft 21, the slide groove 2101 and the slide column 2701, the disc 27, the second gear ring 28, the first gear ring 24, the first gear 25, and the second gear 26 in sequence, and finally drives the lead screw 20 to rotate in the forward direction. The lead screw 20 is threaded with the slide 4. The slide 4 is restricted by the guide rail and cannot rotate. It can only move forward along the bed direction to complete the turning feed.

[0087] When the carriage 4 reaches the end point, the triggering mechanism applies an axial thrust to the disk 27, causing it to overcome the elastic force of the compression spring 30 and move to the left. The second gear ring 28 disengages from the first gear ring 24, and the third gear ring 29 meshes with the fourth gear ring 31. At this time, the rotating shaft 21 still maintains its original rotation direction, but the power path changes to: rotating shaft 21, sliding column 2701, disk 27, third gear ring 29, fourth gear ring 31, gear 32, gear 4, and then transmits to gear 5. Since gear 4, as an intermediate wheel, changes direction once, the lead screw 20 rotates in the opposite direction.

[0088] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the triggering mechanism includes a fixed frame 35 and a swing rod 36. The fixed frame 35 is fixed on the worktable 2. A spindle 37 is rotatably mounted on the fixed frame 35. One end of the swing rod 36 is fixedly connected to the spindle 37. The other end of the swing rod 36 is fixedly mounted with a push rod 38 corresponding to the disc 27.

[0089] A column 39 is fixedly mounted on the swing arm 36, and a column 40 is fixedly mounted on the fixing frame 35. The column 39 and the column 40 are connected by a hook spring 41. The elastic force of the hook spring 41 is greater than that of the compression spring 30. A limit post 42 is fixedly mounted on the fixing frame 35. Under the action of the hook spring 41, the swing arm 36 abuts against the limit post 42. A reversing rod 43 is fixedly mounted on the slide 4, and the reversing rod 43 corresponds to the swing arm 36.

[0090] When the swing arm 36 is deflected by the reversing rod 43 on the slide 4 and exceeds the maximum tension of the hook spring 41, the swing arm 36 will deflect rapidly to push the disc 27 to slide on the rotating shaft 21, so that the second toothed ring 28 separates from the first toothed ring 24, and the third toothed ring 29 meshes with the fourth toothed ring 31.

[0091] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 The hook spring 41 is hung at both ends between the column 39 of the swing rod 36 and the column 40 of the fixed frame 35 respectively. Its elastic force is greater than that of the compression spring 30, so that the swing rod 36 is always pulled towards the limit post 42 and in close contact with it. At this time, the push rod 38 at the other end of the swing rod 36 maintains a small gap with the disc 27. The disc 27 is in the left position under the action of the compression spring 30. The second toothed ring 28 meshes with the first toothed ring 24, and the slide 4 is fed in the forward direction.

[0092] As the turning process progresses, the carriage 4 moves forward, and the reversing rod 43 fixed on it gradually approaches the rocker arm 36. When the reversing rod 43 contacts the rocker arm 36, the carriage 4, which continues to move forward, applies a gradually increasing pulling force to the rocker arm 36. This force forms a torque through the spindle 37, which stretches the hook spring 41 and continuously increases its stored energy. However, the rocker arm 36 is still constrained to its initial position by the spring tension.

[0093] When the carriage 4 reaches the set end point, the torque of the reversing rod 43 on the swing rod 36 just exceeds the maximum extension limit of the hook spring 41. The spring instantly "passes the center" and loses its constraint, and the stored elastic potential energy is immediately released. The swing rod 36 deflects rapidly around the spindle 37, and the push rod 38 pushes the disc 27 to the left in an impact manner.

[0094] Under the impact thrust, the disc 27 overcomes the elastic force of the compression spring 30 and slides to the left along the slide groove 2101. The second toothed ring 28 disengages from the first toothed ring 24, the third toothed ring 29 engages with the fourth toothed ring 31, and the lead screw 20 rotates in the opposite direction, and the slide 4 begins to return.

[0095] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the transmission structure includes a transmission shaft 44 rotatably mounted on the fixed frame 35, a fifth bevel gear 45 coaxially fixedly mounted at one end of the transmission shaft 44, and a sixth bevel gear 46 coaxially fixedly mounted on the spindle 37, which meshes with the fifth bevel gear 45.

[0096] A No. 7 bevel gear 47 is coaxially fixed at the other end of the transmission shaft 44, and an No. 8 bevel gear 48 that meshes with the No. 7 bevel gear 47 is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod 12.

[0097] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 When the rocker arm 36 is pushed by the reversing rod 43 and momentarily deflects around the spindle 37, the spindle 37 rotates synchronously, and the sixth bevel gear 46 on it takes this angular displacement as the input power.

[0098] The sixth bevel gear 46 meshes with the fifth bevel gear 45, converting the rotation of the spindle 37 into the rotation of the transmission shaft 44. The transmission shaft 44 is supported by the fixed frame 35 and only rotates without axial movement.

[0099] The seventh bevel gear 47 and the eighth bevel gear 48 at the end of the drive shaft 44 mesh, and the drive shaft 44 will drive the rotating rod 12 to rotate, so that the rotating rod 12 obtains a rotation angle that strictly corresponds to the deflection angle of the spindle 37.

[0100] The rotation of the rotating rod 12 is transmitted to the sleeve 14 through the previously described groove 1201 and protrusion 1401 structure, and then the threaded rod 11 is driven by the two-stage bevel gear pair, which finally causes the slide block 13 to move the cutting tool 3 a preset distance toward the center of the cylinder.

[0101] A method for turning a hydraulic pump cylinder block using the CNC machining lathe described above, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0102] Step 1: Establish a reference. The hydraulic pump cylinder body is clamped in the clamping and rotating mechanism. The tail cone is rotated in and positioned according to the length of the cylinder body. The motor drives the jaw chuck to rotate at a constant speed via the toothed belt, so that the cylinder body obtains a constant rotation reference.

[0103] Step 2: Forward turning. The motor drives the lead screw to rotate forward via the shaft, disc, second gear ring, first gear ring, first gear, and second gear. The carriage drives the cutting tool to turn the first section of the outer circle of the cylinder with the initial depth of cut. The triggering mechanism is in the ready-to-trigger state.

[0104] Step 3: Stroke triggering. When the carriage reaches the set endpoint and the cutting tool just leaves the workpiece surface, the reversing rod pushes the rocker arm to overcome the momentary deflection of the hook spring past the center. The push rod impacts the disc and moves to the left. The second toothed ring disengages from the first toothed ring, and the third toothed ring meshes with the fourth toothed ring. The lead screw immediately reverses direction, and the carriage begins its high-speed return stroke. At the same time, the spindle rotates synchronously with the rocker arm.

[0105] Step 4: Tool compensation synchronization. The rotation of the mandrel is transmitted to the rotating rod via bevel gear No. 6, bevel gear No. 5, drive shaft, bevel gear No. 7, and bevel gear No. 8. The rotating rod drives the sleeve to rotate via the groove and the convex post. Then, it drives the threaded rod to rotate in place via bevel gear No. 2, bevel gear No. 1, drive rod, bevel gear No. 3, and bevel gear No. 4. This causes the slide to drive the cutting tool to feed a preset distance slightly towards the center of the cylinder, completing the automatic setting of the next cutting depth.

[0106] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0107] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A numerical control lathe for hydraulic pump machining, comprising a lathe housing, a worktable and a tool bit, characterized in that, The worktable is fixedly installed inside the lathe housing. The worktable is equipped with a clamping and rotating mechanism, which can clamp and rotate both ends of hydraulic pump cylinders of different sizes to be processed. A slide is slidably mounted on the worktable along its length, and the cutting tool is mounted on the slide via an adjustment assembly. The worktable is equipped with a drive mechanism, which is connected to the slide. When the drive mechanism is running, the slide will drive the cutting tool to move and turn along the length of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be processed. The workbench is equipped with a triggering mechanism, which cooperates with the slide and the drive mechanism respectively. When the slide moves the cutting tool away from the hydraulic pump cylinder, the slide will drive the triggering mechanism to move. The triggering mechanism will interact with the drive mechanism to make the slide return. The adjustment component is connected to the triggering mechanism through a transmission structure. During the operation of the triggering mechanism, the adjustment component will be driven to move by the transmission structure, so that the cutting tool moves a preset distance toward the center of the hydraulic pump cylinder to be processed. The adjustment assembly includes a threaded rod and a rotating rod. The threaded rod is rotatably mounted on the slide along the length direction perpendicular to the worktable, and the rotating rod is rotatably mounted on the worktable along the length direction of the worktable. A slide block is slidably disposed on the slide frame, the slide block is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod, the cutting tool is fixedly disposed on the slide block, and a sleeve is rotatably disposed on the slide frame, the sleeve being slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod; A transmission rod is rotatably mounted on the slide, and a first bevel gear and a third bevel gear are coaxially fixed at both ends of the transmission rod, respectively. A second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the sleeve, and a fourth bevel gear that meshes with the third bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the threaded rod. The outer wall of the rotating rod is provided with a groove along its length, and a protrusion is fixedly provided inside the sleeve. The protrusion is located in the groove and is slidably engaged.

2. The CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping and rotating mechanism includes a jaw chuck and a tail cone. The jaw chuck is rotatably disposed at one end of the worktable, and the tail cone is threaded at the other end of the worktable and corresponds to the jaw chuck. A motor is fixedly mounted on the workbench, and a first pulley is coaxially fixedly mounted on the output end of the motor. A second pulley is coaxially fixedly mounted on the chuck, and the first pulley and the second pulley are connected by a toothed belt.

3. The CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes a lead screw, a rotating shaft, and a motor. The lead screw and the rotating shaft are rotatably mounted on the worktable along the length of the worktable. The motor is fixedly mounted on the worktable and its output end is coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft. The slide is threadedly engaged with the lead screw. A retaining ring is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft, and a disc is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. A second toothed ring and a third toothed ring are coaxially fixed on both sides of the disc, respectively. A sliding groove is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft along its length direction, and a sliding column is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the disc. The sliding column is located in the sliding groove and is slidably engaged.

4. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 3, characterized in that, A first gear ring is rotatably mounted on the worktable. The first gear ring is coaxially located on one side of the disk. A first gear is coaxially fixed on the first gear ring. A second gear that meshes with the first gear is coaxially fixed on the lead screw. A compression spring is fitted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. The two ends of the compression spring abut against the retaining ring and the disc, respectively, so as to drive the second toothed ring to always mesh with the first toothed ring.

5. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 4, characterized in that, A fourth gear ring is rotatably mounted on the worktable. The fourth gear ring is coaxially located on the other side of the disk. A third gear is coaxially fixed on the fourth gear ring. A fifth gear is coaxially fixed on the lead screw. A fourth gear is rotatably mounted on the worktable, meshing with the third gear and the fifth gear respectively. When the disk is subjected to external force, it causes the second toothed ring to separate from the first toothed ring, and the third toothed ring to mesh with the fourth toothed ring. At this time, the compression spring is further compressed, and the lead screw will switch from forward rotation to reverse rotation.

6. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 4, characterized in that, The triggering mechanism includes a fixed frame and a swing arm. The fixed frame is fixed to the worktable, and a spindle is rotatably mounted on the fixed frame. One end of the swing arm is fixedly connected to the spindle, and the other end of the swing arm is fixedly mounted with a push rod corresponding to the disc. A column is fixedly mounted on the swing arm, and a pole is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame. The column and the pole are connected by a hook spring. The elastic force of the hook spring is greater than that of the compression spring. A limit post is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame. Under the action of the hook spring, the swing arm abuts against the limit post. A reversing rod is fixedly mounted on the slide, and the reversing rod corresponds to the swing arm. When the swing arm is deflected by the reversing rod on the carriage and exceeds the maximum tension of the hook spring, the swing arm will deflect rapidly to push the disc to slide on the rotating shaft, so that the second toothed ring separates from the first toothed ring and the third toothed ring meshes with the fourth toothed ring.

7. A CNC lathe for machining hydraulic pumps according to claim 6, characterized in that, The transmission structure includes a transmission shaft rotatably mounted on the fixed frame, a No. 5 bevel gear coaxially fixed at one end of the transmission shaft, and a No. 6 bevel gear coaxially fixed on the spindle, meshing with the No. 5 bevel gear. A No. 7 bevel gear is coaxially fixed at the other end of the drive shaft, and an No. 8 bevel gear that meshes with the No. 7 bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod.

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