Witzia ciliaris with bacteriostatic effect and application of Witzia ciliaris

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Witzia ciliaris, in particular to Witzia ciliaris with a bacteriostatic effect and application of the Witzia ciliaris. According to the present invention, the Weizmania coagulans is a Weizmania coagulans FangSG001 strain with a preservation number of CGMCC No: 34899, and the Weizmania coagulans is a Weizmania coagulans FangSG001 strain with a preservation number of CGMCC No: 34899; the FangSG001 strain is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on June 16, 2025, and the preservation address is No.3, No.1 Yard, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The FangSG001 strain has an inhibition effect on a plurality of pathogenic bacteria.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of Weizmann's coagulation bacteria, specifically to a strain of Weizmann's coagulation bacteria with antibacterial activity and its application. Background Technology

[0002] *Weizmannia coagulans* (formerly known as *Bacillus coagulans*) is a Gram-positive bacterium that combines the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria with the stress resistance of spore-forming bacteria. *Weizmannia coagulans* is heat-resistant, acid-resistant, bile-salt-resistant, and sporulatory. Its spores are club-shaped, terminal, and can germinate and proliferate in the intestine, forming a "dormant-activated" cycle, making it highly resilient. As a homolactic fermenting bacterium, its main metabolite is L-lactic acid (optical purity > 99%), and it also secretes antimicrobial substances such as coagulin and phenyllactic acid, which can inhibit common pathogens such as *Escherichia coli* and *Salmonella*. Some strains (such as DSM 17654) can also produce β-galactosidase, which degrades lactose, making them suitable for dairy products. Furthermore, *Weizmannia coagulans* is included in the "List of Microbial Strains that Can Be Used in Food" (2016), allowing its use in dairy products and beverages.

[0003] With its unique resilience, multi-target mechanism of action, and wide range of applications, *Weizmannii coagulans* has become a research hotspot in the field of probiotics. Future research should focus on strain selection and optimization, process innovation, and the accumulation of clinical evidence to further unlock its potential in health management and industrial applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a strain of *Weizmannia coagulans*, specifically strain FangSG001, with accession number CGMCC No: 34899. This strain FangSG001 was deposited on June 16, 2025, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. This strain FangSG001 exhibits inhibitory activity against various pathogens.

[0005] This application provides a composition comprising at least one or more of the following: dead, live, and inactivated cells of *Weizmannia coli* FangSG001; spores of *Weizmannia coli* FangSG001 strain; lysates of one or more *Weizmannia coli* FangSG001 strains; metabolites of one or more *Weizmannia coli* FangSG001 strains; analogues of one or more *Weizmannia coli* FangSG001 strains; derivatives of one or more *Weizmannia coli* FangSG001 strains; fragments of one or more *Weizmannia coli* FangSG001 strains; or combinations thereof.

[0006] This application also provides a formulation containing *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an active ingredient, and excipients for forming the formulation.

[0007] This application also provides an antibacterial preparation containing *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an active ingredient.

[0008] This application also provides a high-temperature processed food containing *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an antibacterial component.

[0009] This application also provides a functional beverage containing *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an antibacterial ingredient.

[0010] This application also provides an aquaculture environment purifier containing *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an antibacterial component.

[0011] This application also provides a feed additive containing *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an active ingredient.

[0012] This application also provides an preparation for improving gastrointestinal function, which contains *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an active ingredient.

[0013] This application also provides the use of a strain of Weizmannia coagulans FangSG001 in the preparation of formulations. The formulation is selected from at least one of the following: antibacterial agents; high-temperature processed foods; functional beverages; aquaculture environment purifiers; feed additives; immune-enhancing agents; gastrointestinal function-improving agents; intestinal flora-regulating agents; and digestion-promoting agents. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 Plate inhibition diagrams of *Weizmannii coagulates* FangSG001 against *Staphylococcus aureus* (a), *Salmonella* (b), *Aeromonas hydrophila* (c), *Edwards tarda* (d), *Listeria monocytogenes* (e), and *Clostridium difficile* (f) provided for the test examples.

[0015] Figure 2 Line graphs showing the body weight of mice in the NC, MC, and FangSG001 groups provided for the test cases.

[0016] Figure 3 Bar chart (A) showing the rate of loose stools and bar chart (B) showing the diarrhea index of mice in the NC, MC and FangSG001 groups provided for the test cases.

[0017] Figure 4 The graphs show the spleen test results of mice in the NC, MC and FangSG001 groups provided for the test cases. A is a bar graph of spleen weight, B is a bar graph of spleen index, C is a bar graph of mouse colon length, and D is the actual colon condition of mice in each group.

[0018] Figure 5 A bar chart showing the effects of various immune factors, including IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), TNF-α (C), and IL-10 (D), on the serum of mice in the NC, MC, and FangSG001 groups provided for the test cases.

[0019] Figure 6 Pathological sections of the jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues of mice in the NC, MC, and FangSG001 groups provided for the test cases.

[0020] Figure 7 The bar charts show the results of α-diversity analysis of gut microbiota in mice from the NC, MC, and FangSG001 groups provided for the test cases; Figure A is the ACE index, Figure B is the Chao1 index, Figure C is the Simpson index, and Figure D is the Shannon index.

[0021] Figure 8 The results of the β-diversity analysis of the gut microbiota of mice in the NC group, MC group and FangSG001 group provided for the test cases are shown in the figure.

[0022] Figure 9 The bar charts showing the distribution of species diversity at the phylum level in the gut microbiota of mice in the NC, MC and FangSG001 groups provided for the test cases are shown in (A) and (B) the bar chart showing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes.

[0023] Figure 10 The bar chart shows the genus-level species diversity analysis of mice in the NC, MC, and FangSG001 groups provided for the test cases; the figures show the relative abundance of *Alternaria*, *Trichophyton* NK4A136 group, *Ruminococcus*, *Prevotella* UCG-001, *Ostomyces*, *Rhizobium*, *Helicobacter*, and *Bacillus*.

[0024] In the above figure, NC represents the normal control group, MC represents the diarrhea model group, and FangSG001 represents the Wickemanae coagulans FangSG001 group. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. Reagents not specifically described in detail herein are all conventional reagents and are commercially available; methods not specifically described in detail are all conventional experimental methods and can be learned from the prior art.

[0026] Generally, *Weizmannia coagulans* exhibits inhibitory effects against *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Salmonella*, and *Listeria monocytogenes*, with mechanisms involving acid production, coagulin secretion, and competitive repulsion. However, research on the inhibitory effects of *Weizmannia coagulans* on *Clostridioides difficile*, *Aeromonas hydrophila*, and *Edwardsiella tarda* remains lacking.

[0027] This application provides a strain of *Weizmannia coagulans*, specifically *Weizmannia coagulans* FangSG001, with accession number CGMCC No: 34899. This strain FangSG001 was deposited on June 16, 2025, at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), located at No. 3, Courtyard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. This strain FangSG001 exhibits inhibitory activity against *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Salmonella*, and *Listeria monocytogenes*, as well as significant inhibitory activity against *Clostridium difficile*, *Aeromonas hydrophila*, and *Edwards tarda*.

[0028] In some embodiments, the coagulating Weizmann strain according to this application may be an isolated bacterial strain.

[0029] This application discloses *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001, including pure cultures of *Weizmannii coagulans* deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, or their spores, analogs, fragments, lysates, metabolites, or combinations thereof.

[0030] This application provides a composition comprising at least one or more of the following: dead, live, and inactivated cells of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001; spores of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strain; lysates of one or more *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strains; metabolites of one or more *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strains; analogs of one or more *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strains; derivatives of one or more *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strains; fragments of one or more *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strains; or combinations thereof. This composition can promote and / or enhance serum SIgA secretion, thereby enhancing mucosal immune barrier function.

[0031] This application also provides a formulation containing *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an active ingredient, and excipients for forming the formulation.

[0032] In some embodiments of the formulation, *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 is used as an active ingredient in a mixture of at least one or more of dead, live, and inactivated bacterial cells, or spores of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strain, or lysates of one or more *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strains, or one or more metabolites of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001, or one or more analogs of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001, or one or more derivatives of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001, or one or more fragments of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001, or combinations thereof. The concentration of the active ingredient is from 0.0001% (w / w) to 99% (w / w).

[0033] In some embodiments, the concentration of a mixture of at least one or more of the dead bacterial cells, live bacterial cells, and inactivated bacterial cells in the composition or formulation provided is 10. 3 Up to 10 17 Within the range of colony-forming units per gram or per milliliter (CFU / g or CFU / mL), for example, in 10 5 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 6 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 7 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 8 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 9 -10 17Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 10 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 11 -10 16 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 12 -10 16 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 13 -10 16 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 7 -10 16 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 8 -10 15 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 9 -10 15 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 10 -10 15 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 11 -10 15 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 12 -10 15 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL.

[0034] In some of the compositions provided, the spores of the *Wietzmannii* strain FangSG001 are in a concentration range determined by a spore activation-selective culture binding count method, with a concentration of 10... 3 Up to 10 17 Within the range of colony-forming units per gram or per milliliter (CFU / g or CFU / mL), for example, in 10 5 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 6 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 7 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 8 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 9 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 10 -10 17 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 1011 -10 16 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 12 -10 16 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 13 -10 16 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 7 -10 16 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 8 -10 15 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 9 -10 15 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL, for example, in the range of 10 10 -10 15 Within the range of CFU / g or CFU / mL.

[0035] In this spore activation-selective culture combined counting method, solid or liquid samples of the *Wietzmannii* strain FangSG001 are serially diluted (e.g., 10⁻⁻⁶) with sterile physiological saline (or phosphate-buffered saline PBS). 1 ~10⁻ 10 Ensure the final colony count on the plate is between 30 and 300. Take the diluted sample solution and activate it by heating in a water bath at 80-85℃ for 10-15 minutes. Spread the activated sample solution evenly on a selective medium (such as tryptone soy agar TSA, Bacillus subtilis-specific medium), and incubate at 37℃ for 24-48 hours. Count the number of single colonies on the plate and calculate CFU / g or CFU / mL using the formula: "colony count × dilution factor ÷ inoculum volume" (e.g., 10⁻⁻⁶). 6 If a plate at a dilution has 50 colonies and an inoculation volume of 0.1 mL, then the concentration = 50 × 10⁻⁶. 6 ÷0.1=5×10 8 CFU / g or CFU / mL / mL).

[0036] The *Weizmannii coagulation* FangSG001 defined herein may be provided in the composition according to this application in the form of at least one or more of dead, live, and inactivated bacterial cells. Live bacterial cells refer to live *Lactobacillus reuteri* bacteria with intact cell structure, capable of normal metabolism and reproduction, for example, cultured in a culture medium (such as MRS medium), centrifuged, washed to retain viability, and usually preserved in lyophilized form (such as lyophilized bacterial powder). Dead bacterial cells refer to bacterial cells that have died naturally or lost activity through physical / chemical treatment (such as high temperature, ultraviolet light), and whose cell structure may be intact or partially destroyed. Inactivated bacterial cells specifically refer to bacterial cells killed by controlled methods (such as heat inactivation, formaldehyde treatment, high pressure treatment) but retaining cell surface structures (such as cell walls, capsules). Inactivated bacterial cells emphasize "structural preservation," while dead bacterial cells may suffer structural damage due to the treatment method.

[0037] The spores of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001, as defined in this paper, are dormant structures with low metabolic activity and high stress resistance, differentiated through endosporation when *Weizmannii coagulans* strain FangSG001 encounters unfavorable growth conditions such as nutrient depletion (e.g., carbon and nitrogen source depletion) and environmental stress (e.g., temperature fluctuations, osmotic pressure changes, and oxidative stress). Ultrastructurally, the spores, from the outside in, consist of an exosporium, a spore coat (containing a multi-layered protein structure, mainly composed of keratin-like proteins), a cortex (composed of peptidoglycan with low cross-linking and containing a special pyridine dicarboxylic acid-calcium complex (DPA-Ca)), and a core (containing highly concentrated genomic DNA, ribosomes, and a small amount of metabolic enzymes). The osmotic pressure regulation of the cortex and the presence of DPA-Ca are the key structural basis for its stress resistance. The core physiological function of this spore is to mediate the strain's environmental adaptation and species continuation.

[0038] In this document, the terms "lysate" or "extract" specifically refer to a solution or suspension of components from the cells of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 according to this application in an aqueous medium, and include, for example, macromolecules (e.g., DNA, RNA, proteins, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates, etc.) and cell debris. The lysate preferably includes the cell wall or cell wall components, including binding receptors. Methods for producing the lysate are well known to those skilled in the art, including, for example, using a "French press" or enzymatic lysis, or a ball mill with glass or iron beads. Cells can be lysed by enzymatic, physical, or chemical methods. Examples of enzymatic cell lysis include individual enzymes and mixtures of enzymes, such as proteases, proteinase K, lipases, and glycosidases; chemical lysis can be induced by ionophores, detergents (e.g., SDS), acids, or bases; physical methods can also be implemented using, for example, high pressure, osmotic pressure, temperature variations, or alternating hot and cold treatments during a French press. Furthermore, chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods can, of course, be combined.

[0039] In this document, the term "metabolite" refers to various substances produced by the *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 cells during their growth, reproduction, and metabolism according to this application. These metabolites are closely related to their physiological functions, probiotic properties, and applications, and include organic acids, bacteriocins, extracellular polysaccharides, amino acids and their derivatives, vitamins and coenzymes, secondary metabolites, and signaling molecules.

[0040] In this document, the term "derivative" refers to a substance with a specific structure or function generated from the *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 cells of this application through chemical modification, biotransformation, or other treatments. It may be a modified product of cell components or a metabolic intermediate, such as a derivative of peptidoglycan, a component of the bacterial cell wall.

[0041] In this document, the term "analyte" refers to a substance whose structure is similar to, but not identical to, a component in the dead strain of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 according to this application, and which may be artificially synthesized or obtained from other sources and can mimic the function of the original component. For example, based on the structure of the active component in the cell, a compound with a similar structure is designed and synthesized (such as a peptide that mimics a bacterial surface antigen), or a substance with a structure similar to a bacterial component is extracted from other organisms (such as a polysaccharide analog from a plant).

[0042] In this document, the term "fragment" refers to a partial structural or component fragment of the *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 cell according to this application, which is usually obtained through physical cutting, enzymatic digestion, or genetic engineering, such as cell wall fragments, protein fragments, nucleic acid fragments, etc.

[0043] Some embodiments provide formulations that may contain pharmaceutically, health-promoting, or food-grade carriers or excipients. In some embodiments, the formulation may be provided in solid, liquid, viscous, emulsion, or dry form.

[0044] Some of the formulations provided in the embodiments can preferably be formulated as pastes, soft gelatin capsules, hard gelatin capsules, powders, talc, granules, beads, lozenges, effervescent tablets, rhomboid lozenges, oral lozenges, chewable tablets, sublingual tablets, oils, liquids, solutions, tinctures, emulsions, fruit juices, concentrates, syrups, sprays, mists, drinking ampoules, gels, capsules, tablets, or coated pills.

[0045] According to the test examples of this application, the *Weizmannella coagulans* exhibits inhibitory effects against six pathogenic bacteria: *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Salmonella*, *Listeria monocytogenes*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Aeromonas hydrophila*, and *Edwards tarda*. Therefore, this application also provides an antibacterial preparation containing *Weizmannella coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as the active ingredient.

[0046] Under the premise of "not harming human health and meeting the standards for food additives / food strains", the ability of FangSG001 strain to inhibit foodborne pathogens can be used to replace or assist chemical preservatives, extend the shelf life of food and reduce safety risks. The *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or its composition provided in this application can be developed into a natural food preservative, added to, for example, pre-processed meat products (such as sausages and bacon, to inhibit *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Listeria monocytogenes*), low-temperature dairy products (such as yogurt, to inhibit *Salmonella* and *Listeria monocytogenes*), ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables (to inhibit pathogens attached to the surface), and processed aquatic products (such as fish balls and dried shrimp, to inhibit *Aeromonas hydrophila* and *Edwardsiella tarda*).

[0047] Under the premise of "not harming human health and meeting the standards for food additives / food strains", the FangSG001 strain's ability to inhibit foodborne pathogens can be used to develop the Weizmannii coagulans FangSG001 or its composition into a functional fortifier for fermented foods. As one of the fermentation strains, it can be used in fermented milk, fermented soy products (such as natto), and fermented grain products. While improving the flavor of the food, it can reduce the risk of pathogen contamination during fermentation through its inhibitory effect (such as inhibiting Salmonella in fermented meat and Listeria monocytogenes in fermented milk).

[0048] In addition, regarding the problem of "antibiotic abuse leading to drug resistance" in livestock and aquaculture, under the premise of "not endangering human health and complying with food additive / food strain standards and related regulations", the *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or its composition provided in this application can be developed into a microbial feed additive, which can improve the health level of farmed animals by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the intestine / farming environment.

[0049] For example, this feed additive can be used in compound feed or premixed feed for livestock and poultry such as pigs, chickens, and cattle to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Clostridium difficile in the intestines (such as preventing Salmonella diarrhea in piglets and Clostridium difficile-associated enteritis in broilers), and reduce the use of antibiotics.

[0050] For example, this feed additive can be used in the feed of aquatic animals such as fish, shrimp, and crab to inhibit Aeromonas hydrophila (which causes hemorrhagic disease in freshwater fish) and Edwardsiella tarda (which causes Edwardsiella tarda disease in tilapia) in the aquaculture water and intestines, thereby reducing the incidence of aquaculture diseases.

[0051] For individuals with gut microbiota imbalance (such as the elderly and postoperative patients), this application provides *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or its combination to regulate gut microbiota, inhibit *Clostridium difficile* and *Salmonella*, and relieve diarrhea and bloating. It can be developed into a health food product.

[0052] By utilizing the inhibitory effect of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 on aquatic pathogens and foodborne pathogens, and under the condition of meeting environmental pollutant control standards, *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or its composition provided in this application can be developed into a biological regulator for aquaculture water bodies, used in freshwater aquaculture ponds (such as grass carp and tilapia farming). By spraying the *Weizmannii coagulans* preparation, the microecological balance of the water body is regulated, the reproduction of *Aeromonas hydrophila* and *Edwards tarda* is inhibited, the concentration of pathogens in the water body is reduced, and the risk of disease transmission in aquatic animals is lowered.

[0053] By utilizing the inhibitory effect of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 on aquatic and foodborne pathogens, and by assisting in the improvement of specific environmental microbial communities under the condition of meeting environmental pollutant control standards, *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or its composition provided in this application can be developed into an auxiliary treatment agent for food processing wastewater. It can be used for the pretreatment of wastewater from food processing enterprises (such as meat and aquatic product processing plants). Through its antibacterial effect, it assists in killing pathogens such as Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in wastewater, reducing the pathogen load of subsequent wastewater treatment systems, and reducing the risk of environmental pollution after wastewater discharge.

[0054] According to the test examples in this application, the strain FangSG001 involved in this application has a co-aggregation ability of 63.49% with Salmonella in 24 h, which shows excellent co-aggregation ability with Salmonella.

[0055] Based on this, this application provides a high-temperature processed food containing *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an antibacterial component. Utilizing the heat resistance of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or its spores (e.g., BC99 has a spore survival rate of 96% after treatment at 100℃ for 10 minutes), it can be added to baked goods, ready-to-eat cereals, etc., to reduce Salmonella contamination through copolymerization. However, it must comply with the QB / T 5940-2024 standard "*Weizmannii coagulans* Powder", with a viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

[0056] Based on this, this application provides a functional beverage containing *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof as an antibacterial ingredient. For example, adding *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or a combination thereof to natural soda water with a pH of 7.6-9.5 can make it a health drink that "inhibits harmful intestinal bacteria," but it must be labeled with nutritional claims permitted by GB 28050, such as "regulating intestinal flora."

[0057] In addition, taking advantage of its acid and bile salt resistance, the Coagulating Weizmannii FangSG001 or its composition provided in this application can be developed into an aquaculture environment purifier, which can be sprayed on aquaculture farms to inhibit Salmonella in the environment.

[0058] Some of the embodiments provide formulations that are powders, tablets, ointments, emulsions, oils, suspensions, lotions, gels, pastes, foams, dairy products, gels, mists, or fermented preparations.

[0059] Some embodiments provide formulations that may contain one or more thickeners, and / or one or more sweeteners and / or one or more artificial sweeteners, wherein the thickener is preferably selected from cellulose ethers, polysaccharides, and selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, gelatin, highly dispersed silica, starch, carrageenan, alginate, astragalus gum, agar, gum arabic, pectin and polyvinyl ester, and the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, sucrose, glucose syrup, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, steviol glycosides, saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame K and / or aspartame.

[0060] Preferred foods and nutritional supplements in the sense of this application may include effervescent tablets, vitamin tablets, dietary supplements, mineral tablets, trace element tablets, beverage powders, beverages, fruit juices, dairy beverages, yogurt, mineral water, non-carbonated water, filled gummies, chewable tablets, fruit juices or syrups, coated pills and tablets, and aerosols.

[0061] According to the test examples provided in this application, the *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 provided in this application can also serve as a mouse model of diarrhea caused by Salmonella infection, inhibiting diarrhea, alleviating weight loss in mice, relieving Salmonella-induced spleen inflammation, reducing spleen swelling, and suppressing inflammation. Furthermore, after oral administration of FangSG001 bacterial solution to mouse models, damage to the jejunum, ileum, and colon was reduced, the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal flora increased, and the abundance of harmful bacteria decreased, promoting the restoration of intestinal flora homeostasis, improving the intestinal barrier, and exerting an immunomodulatory effect.

[0062] Therefore, the *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 or its composition thereof of this application can be developed into at least one of the following: an immune-enhancing agent, a gastrointestinal function-improving agent, an intestinal flora-regulating agent, or a digestion-promoting agent, with broad application prospects.

[0063] These formulations contain prebiotics or synbiotics as active ingredients. "Prebiotics" are indigestible food components that promote the growth of a specific coagulating organism, FangSG001 (Weizmann's bacterium). "Synbiotics" are compositions containing at least one probiotic and at least one prebiotic. Such compositions are understood to promote the growth of probiotics. Therefore, powerful synbiotics are based on a combination of specific strains of probiotics and carefully selected prebiotics. They can provide significant health benefits to mammals.

[0064] Prebiotics are chemical products that induce the growth and / or activity of symbiotic microorganisms (such as bacteria and fungi) that contribute to the health of the host. Prebiotics are indigestible carbohydrates that pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract undigested and stimulate the growth and / or activity of beneficial bacteria that colonize the gut or skin microbiota.

[0065] Some oligosaccharides used as prebiotics are fructooligosaccharides (FOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), polydextrose, pectin, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), or human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). In addition, disaccharides such as lactulose or some monosaccharides such as lactose or tagatose can also be used as prebiotics.

[0066] In one embodiment of this application, at least one prebiotic compound may be included in the composition of this application. In a very broad concept, prebiotics are all compounds that can be metabolized by probiotics.

[0067] Preferably, prebiotics are indigestible or poorly digestible by mammals. Therefore, after being ingested by mammals, indigestible prebiotics can pass through the small intestine and enter the large intestine to stimulate the growth of probiotics in that compartment. Thus, prebiotics can serve as a food source for probiotics. It is believed that prebiotics (many of which are poorly digestible carbohydrates) promote the growth of probiotics. Prebiotics are naturally found in, for example, cabbage, onions, whole grains, bananas, garlic, honey, leeks, artichokes, fortified foods and beverages, and dietary supplements. Prebiotics are well known in the art, and there are no particular limitations on prebiotics themselves when used in this application.

[0068] In one embodiment, at least one prebiotic product in the composition is selected from the following compounds and compositions: indigestible carbohydrates, β-glucan, mannooligosaccharides, inulin, fructooligosaccharides, human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), lactulose, lactulose oligosaccharides, galactotriose, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), cellobiose, cellodextrin, cyclodextrin, maltitol, lactitol, glycosilsucrose, betaine, vitamin E, or variants thereof (wherein the variants are selected from α, β, γ, δ tocopherols, tocotrienols, and tocomonenophenols). Optionally, mannooligosaccharides and / or inulin may be preferred. HMOs may include lact-N-tetrasaccharide, lact-N-fucopentose, lact-N-triose, 3'-sialyllactose, lact-N-neofucopentose, sialic acid, L-fucose, 2-fucosyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose, lact-N-neotetrasaccharide, and 3-fucosyllactose.

[0069] In one embodiment, at least one of the following prebiotic compounds is used in the topical composition of this application: lactose, β-glucan, mannooligosaccharide, inulin, fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactulose, lactulose oligosaccharide, galactotriose, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), cellobiose, cellodextrin, cyclodextrin, maltitol, lactitol, glucosylsucrose, betaine, vitamin E or variants thereof (wherein the variants are selected from α, β, γ, δ tocopherols, tocotrienols and tocomonenophenols), lact-N-tetrasaccharide, lact-N-fucopentose, lact-N-triose, 3'-sialyllactose, lact-N-neofucopentose, sialic acid, 2-fucosyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose, lact-N-neotetrasaccharide, and 3-fucosyllactose. Optionally, lactose and / or mannooligosaccharide and / or inulin may be preferred.

[0070] In this document, additives and / or excipients include auxiliary substances known to those skilled in the art for the preparation of solid, semi-solid, or liquid forms, such as diluents, solvents (including water, glycerol, and ethanol), solubilizers, acidifiers, thickeners, sweeteners, flavor enhancers, colorants, lubricants, surfactants, preservatives, pH-stabilizing buffers, and mixtures thereof.

[0071] The *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 provided in this application can promote an increase in the relative abundance of *Alternaria* spp., *Trichophyton* spp. NK4A136, *Ruminococcus* spp., *Prevotella* spp. UGG001, *Ostomyces* spp., and *Rheumatoides* spp., while decreasing the relative abundance of *Helicobacter* spp. and *Biliobacter* spp.

[0072] By increasing the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria such as *Alternaria*, *Trichophyton* NK4A136 group, and *Ruminococcus*, the intestinal barrier integrity can be enhanced (SCFAs are a major energy source for colonic epithelial cells and can promote tight junction protein expression), and intestinal motility can be improved (SCFAs can regulate the release of intestinal neurotransmitters). Simultaneously, by reducing the abundance of *Helicobacter* and *Biliobacter*, intestinal mucosal irritation is reduced, ultimately alleviating mild intestinal discomfort such as bloating and indigestion. Therefore, the *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 provided in this application has the potential to be developed into a formulation for improving gastrointestinal function, regulating intestinal flora, or promoting digestion.

[0073] By increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as *Ruminococcus* and *Nyctaginaceae* NK4A136, the degradation efficiency of polysaccharides and proteins in feed by the livestock and poultry intestines can be enhanced, improving feed conversion rate. Conversely, reducing the abundance of *Helicobacter* (some strains can cause intestinal inflammation in livestock and poultry) and *Biliobacter* (associated with intestinal mucosal damage in livestock and poultry) can decrease the incidence of bacterial diarrhea (such as yellow-white scours in piglets), while also avoiding antibiotic resistance problems caused by antibiotic overuse. This further demonstrates that the *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 provided in this application has the potential to be developed into a feed additive.

[0074] To help understand the antibacterial effects of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 against a variety of pathogens and other functions of this strain, several test experiments were conducted below.

[0075] The following test involves the preparation method of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 bacterial suspension: The desired strain is inoculated into MRS liquid medium and activated by culturing at 37°C for 16-18 h, and activated twice to obtain an activated solution; the activated solution is inoculated into MRS liquid medium at an inoculation rate of 3% (v / v) and cultured at 37°C for 20-24 h to obtain a bacterial suspension; the bacterial suspension is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 min at 4°C, filtered, and the bacterial cells are obtained; the bacterial cells are resuspended in physiological saline to obtain the final product.

[0076] MRS medium: peptone 10 g / L, beef extract 10 g / L, glucose 20 g / L, sodium acetate 2 g / L, yeast extract 5 g / L, diammonium hydrogen citrate 2 g / L, K2HPO4·3H2O 2.6 g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g / L, MnSO4 0.05 g / L, Tween 80 1 mL / L, cysteine ​​hydrochloride 0.5 g / L.

[0077] 1. Co-aggregation ability test with Salmonella:

[0078] Co-aggregation ability refers to the ability to prevent pathogens from attaching to host tissues, thereby eliminating the colonization of gastrointestinal pathogens.

[0079] In this test, the pure culture of Salmonella standard strain (Salmonella, ATCC 14028 standard strain) was cultured in nutrient broth medium at 37°C and 180-200 rpm in a constant temperature shaker until the logarithmic phase, and then centrifuged and resuspended in physiological saline to obtain Salmonella suspension.

[0080] After mixing equal volumes of *W. coagulation* FangSG001 suspension and *Salmonella* suspension, the mixture was incubated at 37°C. At 2 h, 5 h, 21 h, and 24 h of incubation, the supernatant was carefully aspirated, and the absorbance at 600 nm was measured. The cohesive strength between *W. coagulation* strain FangSG001 and *Salmonella* was calculated as follows: Cohesive strength = 100% × [(Ax + Ay) / 2 - A(x + y)] / [(Ax + Ay) / 2], where Ax represents the absorbance at 600 nm of the *W. coagulation* FangSG001 suspension, Ay represents the absorbance at 600 nm of the *Salmonella* suspension, and A(x + y) represents the absorbance at 600 nm of the supernatant at different time points after incubation.

[0081] Table 1

[0082]

[0083] As shown in Table 1, the strain FangSG001 involved in this application exhibited a co-aggregation capacity of 63.49% with Salmonella within 24 hours, demonstrating excellent co-aggregation ability with Salmonella. Based on this co-aggregation ability, it can block the adhesion of Salmonella or other pathogenic bacteria to food surfaces or intestinal mucosa, and inhibit the proliferation of Salmonella by combining its acid production and secretion of coagulants. In addition, the co-aggregation effect can also synergistically consume intestinal oxygen, promote the proliferation of Bifidobacteria, and create a microecological environment unfavorable to Salmonella colonization.

[0084] 2. Evaluation of broad-spectrum antibacterial activity:

[0085] The pure culture of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923 standard strain) was cultured in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 37°C and 150-200 rpm for 16-20 hours to allow the strain to enter the logarithmic growth phase. The Staphylococcus aureus suspension was obtained by centrifugation and resuspending in physiological saline.

[0086] The pure culture of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115 standard strain) was cultured in tryptic soy peptone liquid medium (TSB) at 30°C and 120-150 rpm in a shaker until the logarithmic growth phase. The Listeria monocytogenes suspension was obtained by centrifugation and resuspending in physiological saline.

[0087] The pure culture of Clostridium difficile (ATCC 9689 standard strain) was anaerobically cultured in enhanced Clostridium medium (RCM) at 37°C until the logarithmic growth phase, and then centrifuged and resuspended in physiological saline to obtain a Clostridium difficile suspension.

[0088] The pure culture of Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC 35654 standard strain) was cultured in tryptic soybean liquid medium (TSB) at 30°C and 180 rpm in a shaker until the logarithmic growth phase. The culture was then centrifuged and resuspended in physiological saline to obtain the Aeromonas hydrophila suspension.

[0089] Edwardsiella tarda (ATCC 15947 standard strain) was cultured in tryptic soy peptone liquid medium (TSB) with 0.5% yeast extract at 28°C and 150 rpm in a shaker until the logarithmic growth phase. The culture was then centrifuged and resuspended in physiological saline to obtain a Edwardsiella tarda suspension.

[0090] MRS medium containing 1.5% agar was cooled to 55°C and then mixed with bacterial suspensions of Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium difficile, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Edwardsiella tarda, respectively, so that the viable count of each of the seven pathogenic bacteria was 10. 6 CFU / mL / mL, then quickly pour into plates pre-placed with Oxford cups. After the culture medium cools and solidifies, remove the Oxford cups and inject 200 μL of *Weizmannii coagulates* into each well (the total viable count of each group of bacterial suspensions is 10). 8 After incubation at 37℃ for 24-48 hours (on the order of CFU / g or CFU / mL / mL), the diameter of the inhibition zone (mm) was measured.

[0091] Table 2

[0092]

[0093] like Figure 1 As shown in Table 2, the FangSG001 strain involved in this application not only inhibits the growth of common pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes, but also inhibits the growth of uncommon pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium difficile, Clostridium difficile and Edwardsiella tarda.

[0094] Generally, *Weizmann's coagulans* exerts its antibacterial effect primarily by releasing coagulins. The inhibitory effect of coagulins on Gram-positive bacteria has been confirmed. For example, coagulins can inhibit *Clostridium perfringens* by disrupting cell membrane integrity. *Clostridium difficile*, also a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium, shares a similar cell membrane structure with *Clostridium perfringens* and theoretically may be sensitive to coagulins. However, *Aeromonas hydrophila*, a Gram-negative bacterium, has an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may hinder coagulin penetration. The inventors of this application have creatively discovered that the FangSG001 strain provided in this application can effectively inhibit the growth of *Aeromonas hydrophila*. Furthermore, *Edwards tarda* exhibits strong drug resistance; due to the presence of the outer membrane barrier, the direct antibacterial effect of coagulins may be limited, relying more on indirect mechanisms such as acid production and competitive exclusion. Similarly, the FangSG001 strain provided in this application can effectively inhibit the growth of *Edwards tarda*.

[0095] 3. In vivo testing

[0096] (1) Establishment and grouping of diarrhea model mice

[0097] Male BALB / c mice (20-22g) without specific pathogens were housed in the animal room of the Hubei Provincial Center for Food and Drug Safety Evaluation. The temperature was maintained at 22±2℃, humidity at 50±5%, with a 12-hour light-dark cycle, and free access to water and food. Mice were acclimatized for one week before the experiment and then randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (NC), diarrhea model group (MC), and *Weizmannii coagulans* group (FangSG001 group). Throughout the experiment, mice in the NC and MC groups were administered 0.2 mL of sterile saline by gavage daily, while mice in the *Weizmannii coagulans* group were administered an equal volume of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 bacterial suspension (live count 10-1). 10 CFU / g or CFU / mL / mL). From day 8 to 11 of the experiment, mice in the MC group and the *Wietzmannii coagulans* FangSG001 group were continuously administered *Salmonella* (2 × 10⁻⁶ live bacteria) via gavage. 9A diarrhea model was established in mice using CFU / g or CFU / mL / mL for 4 days. The NC group was administered an equal volume of sterile saline by gavage. Mice were sacrificed on day 15, and samples were collected for subsequent analysis. Detailed animal experiments are shown in Table 3.

[0098] Table 3 Grouping of Animal Experiment Design

[0099]

[0100] After one week of acclimatization, the mice were randomly divided into three groups. Following oral administration of Salmonella, the mice's weight was measured daily. All feces were collected within one hour the day before dissection, and the rate of loose stools within that hour was recorded, along with the diarrhea index. At dissection, the spleen and colon were collected, colon length was measured, and the spleen index was calculated.

[0101] Spleen index = Spleen mass (mg) / Body weight (g)

[0102] Loose stool rate = Number of loose stools in mice / Total number of defecations in mice

[0103] Stool grade = Sum of stool grades / Number of loose stools

[0104] Diarrhea Index = Stool looseness rate × Stool looseness grade; Grade 0 / Normal stool (stool shape is normal on toilet paper, no watermark); Grade 1 / Wet (stool shape is normal, watermark on toilet paper does not extend beyond the stool edge); Grade 2 / Watery stool (stool shape is irregular, watermark on toilet paper extends beyond the stool edge or watery diarrhea, with few formed components).

[0105] (2) Tests on body weight and diarrhea status of mice in each group

[0106] The body weight and diarrhea status of mice in the normal control group (NC), diarrhea model group (MC), and Weizmann's coagulans group (FangSG001 group) were tested respectively.

[0107] like Figure 2 As shown, compared with the NC group, the body weight of mice in the model group decreased significantly after Salmonella gavage (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the body weight of mice in the FangSG001 group decreased more slowly after Salmonella gavage. On day 14, the body weight of mice in the FangSG001 group was significantly higher than that in the MC group (P<0.05).

[0108] like Figure 3 As shown, compared with the NC group, the rate of loose stools and the diarrhea index of mice in the model group increased significantly after gavage with Salmonella (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the rate of loose stools and the diarrhea index of mice in the FangSG001 group decreased significantly after gavage with Salmonella (P<0.05).

[0109] This demonstrates that strain FangSG001 significantly inhibited Salmonella-induced diarrhea in mice and alleviated weight loss in mice.

[0110] (3) Spleen weight and spleen index test of mice in each group

[0111] The spleen weight and spleen index of mice in the normal control group (NC), diarrhea model group (MC), and Weizmann's coagulans group (FangSG001 group) were tested respectively.

[0112] like Figure 4 As shown, compared with the NC group, the spleen weight and spleen index of mice in the MC group treated with Salmonella by gavage were significantly increased (P<0.05), indicating that the spleen of the MC group mice underwent an inflammatory response, leading to spleen swelling. Compared with the MC group, the spleen weight and spleen index of mice in the FangSG001 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), indicating that gavage administration of FangSG001 can alleviate Salmonella-induced spleen inflammation and reduce spleen swelling in mice.

[0113] from Figure 4 As shown in Figure C, compared with the NC group, the colon of mice in the MC group was significantly shortened due to the infiltration of inflammatory cells caused by Salmonella infection, which damaged the normal intestinal structure (P<0.05). After FangSG001 was administered to the mice by gavage, the inflammatory response in the colon was reduced, and the length of the mouse colon was restored to a level close to that of the NC group.

[0114] (4) Serum cytokine test of each group of mice

[0115] Serum was collected from mice in the normal control group (NC), diarrhea model group (MC), and Weizmann's coagulans group (FangSG001 group), and the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the mouse serum were measured by ELISA.

[0116] like Figure 5 As shown, compared with the NC group, mice in the MC group administered Salmonella by gavage developed an inflammatory response, resulting in a significant increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Compared with the model group, mice in the FangSG001 group administered FangSG001 by gavage showed a significant reduction in serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α (P<0.05), restoring pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 to normal levels, while significantly increasing the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (P<0.05), bringing IL-10 levels close to those of the normal group.

[0117] (5) Observation of jejunum, ileum and colon tissues of mice in each group

[0118] Jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues were collected from mice in the normal control group (NC), diarrhea model group (MC), and Weizmann's coagulans group (FangSG001 group), respectively. The tissues were fixed by soaking in 10% formaldehyde solution, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), and observed under an optical microscope.

[0119] like Figure 6 As shown, the jejunum, ileum and colon mucosa of MC group mice had a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrations, mucosal epithelial cell shedding, and a significant reduction in the number of goblet cells. In contrast, the intestinal mucosa and submucosa of FangSG001 group mice showed reduced inflammatory cell infiltrations, decreased mucosal epithelial shedding, and a recovery in the number of goblet cells, which could enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier and reduce ileal tissue damage.

[0120] (6) Intestinal flora test of mice in each group

[0121] Gut microbiota diversity analysis was conducted using the Illumina Novaseq sequencing platform, employing paired-end sequencing to construct small fragment libraries for sequencing. Read splicing and filtering, clustering or denoising, and species annotation and abundance analysis revealed the species composition of the samples. Further alpha diversity analysis, beta diversity analysis, and species diversity analysis were performed to uncover differences between samples.

[0122] 1) Alpha-diversity analysis, β-diversity analysis

[0123] α-diversity analysis of mouse gut microbiota showed Figure 7 Compared with the control group, the ACE, Chao 1, Shannon, and Simpson indices of the gut microbiota in the model group mice were significantly decreased (P<0.05), indicating that Salmonella infection in mice led to gut microbiota dysbiosis and a decrease in gut microbiota diversity. After feeding FangSG001, the ACE, Chao 1, Shannon, and Simpson indices of the gut microbiota in mice were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference compared with the NC group, indicating that FangSG001 can regulate gut microbiota and increase the richness of gut microbiota in diarrheal mice.

[0124] β-diversity measures the similarity of microbial community composition among different samples, focusing on the differences in microbial community composition between samples. Experimental results are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the MC group and the NC group were clearly separated, indicating that the microbial composition of the MC group was significantly different from that of the NC group. The FangSG001 group was adjacent to the NC group, indicating that oral administration of FangSG001 brought the composition of the intestinal microbiota in the diarrheal mice closer to that of the normal group.

[0125] 2) Phylum-level species diversity analysis

[0126] Experimental results are as follows Figure 9 As shown, compared with the NC group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio were significantly decreased in the MC group (P<0.05). Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the main microbiota in the gut, and the Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio is considered an important indicator of gut microbiota balance. Imbalance in these phyla is often associated with disease. Compared with the MC group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio were significantly increased in the FangSG001 group, but there was no significant difference compared with the NC group. Since Salmonella belongs to the Proteobacteria phylum, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the MC group increased significantly after mouse infection (P<0.05), but the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the FangSG001 group was not significantly different from that in the NC group. This indicates that supplementing with FangSG001 can restore the imbalance between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes caused by Salmonella and the increase in Proteobacteria abundance, thereby maintaining gut microecological balance.

[0127] 3) Genus-level species diversity analysis

[0128] Figure 10The data presents the relative abundance of genera in the cecal contents of mice in each group. Compared with the NC group, the MC group showed a significant decrease in the relative abundance of *Alistipes*, *Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group*, *Ruminococcus*, *Prevotellaceae_UCG_001*, *Odoribacter*, and *Muribaculum* (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of *Helicobacter* and *Bilophila* was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the MC group, the FangSG001 group showed an increase in the relative abundance of *Alistipes*, *Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group*, *Ruminococcus*, *Prevotellaceae_UCG_001*, *Odoribacter*, and *Muribaculum*. Furthermore, compared to the MC group, the relative abundance of *Helicobacter* and *Bacillus* genera was significantly reduced in the *FangSG001* group of *Weizmannii coagulates*. *Odoribacter* and *Muribaculum* can produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mainly composed of succinic acid and acetic acid, which can improve the intestinal epithelial barrier and prevent inflammation. *Lachnospiraceae* NK4A136 group, *Ruminococcus*, and *Prevotellaceae* UGG001 can inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and their metabolites can interact with immune receptors, leading to the production of immunomodulatory cytokines to resist the invasion of foreign pathogens. The results indicate that *FangSG001* of *Weizmannii coagulates* can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decrease the abundance of harmful bacteria in the host gut, promote the restoration of intestinal flora homeostasis, improve the intestinal barrier, and play an immunomodulatory role.

[0129] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A strain of Weizmannia coagulans, namely strain FangSG001 with accession number CGMCC No: 34899.

2. A composition comprising at least one or more of the following: dead, live, and inactivated cells of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 as claimed in claim 1; or spores of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strain; or lysates of one or more *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 strains; or one or more metabolites of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001; or one or more analogs of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001; or one or more derivatives of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001; or one or more fragments of *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001; or combinations thereof.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of at least one or more of the dead, live and inactivated cells of *Wietzmannii coagulans* FangSG001 is 10... 3 Up to 10 17 The concentration of the spores is within the range of colony-forming units per gram or per milliliter, at 10 3 Up to 10 17 Within the range of colony-forming units per gram or milliliter.

4. A formulation comprising, as an active ingredient, *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 as described in claim 1 or a composition of claim 2 or 3, and excipients for forming the formulation.

5. An antibacterial preparation comprising, as an active ingredient, *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 as described in claim 1 or the composition of claim 2 or 3.

6. A high-temperature processed food containing, as an active ingredient, *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 as described in claim 1 or the composition of claim 2 or 3.

7. A functional beverage containing, as a strain, *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 as described in claim 1 or the composition of claim 2 or 3.

8. An aquaculture environment purifier containing, as an active ingredient, *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 as described in claim 1 or the composition of claim 2 or 3.

9. A feed additive containing, as an active ingredient, *Weizmannii coagulans* FangSG001 as described in claim 1 or a composition of claim 2 or 3.

10. The use of *Wietzmannii coagulans* FangSG001 as described in claim 1 in the preparation of a formulation, wherein the formulation is selected from at least one of the following: Antibacterial agents; High-temperature processed foods; Functional beverages; Aquaculture environment purifier; Feed additives; Immunostimulants; Preparations that improve gastrointestinal function; Preparations for regulating gut microbiota; Preparations that promote digestion.

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