Axle box bearing simulation test tool and axle box bearing simulation test system

Abstract

The invention discloses an axle box bearing simulation test tool and an axle box bearing simulation test system, and relates to the technical field of bearing tests.The axle box bearing simulation test tool comprises a platform module, a transmission mechanism, a vertical loading mechanism and a transverse loading mechanism; the power output ends of the first actuators are respectively connected to different positions of the bottom of the test platform so as to simulate a track spectrum in the test; the transmission mechanism comprises a main bearing seat, an auxiliary bearing seat and a transmission shaft, the tested bearing is arranged in the main bearing seat, and the transmission shaft penetrates through the tested bearing and can drive an inner ring of the tested bearing to rotate; the transverse loading mechanism and the vertical loading mechanism can be linked, so that the tested bearing bears a load conforming to a shaft end load spectrum. According to the application, the shaft end load spectrum and the track spectrum displacement excitation can be cooperatively loaded, so that the defect of load and excitation separation in a traditional test is overcome, and the accuracy and reliability of axle box bearing life test and fault diagnosis results are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of bearing testing technology, and more specifically, to a bearing box bearing simulation testing fixture and bearing box bearing simulation testing system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the core limitation of axle box bearing simulation testing fixtures lies in their inability to comprehensively reproduce the complex loads and track excitations under real-world operating conditions. Existing equipment mostly uses cylinders or actuators to apply static or unidirectional loads, making it difficult to simulate multi-dimensional dynamic coupled loads such as vertical and lateral loads, and even more difficult to integrate geometrically irregular excitations such as track elevation and horizontality. This lack of working condition reproduction leads to significant deviations between test results and the actual operating conditions of axle box bearings, making it difficult to accurately assess their true performance and lifespan.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of axle box bearing test results has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a bearing simulation test fixture to improve the accuracy of bearing test results.

[0005] Another objective of this application is to provide a shaft box bearing simulation test system including the above-mentioned shaft box bearing simulation test fixture.

[0006] A fixture for simulating bearing testing of axle box, comprising:

[0007] The platform module includes a test platform and multiple first actuators. The power output ends of each first actuator are respectively hinged to different positions on the bottom of the test platform and used to simulate orbital spectrum displacement excitation.

[0008] The transmission mechanism includes a main bearing housing, an auxiliary bearing housing, and a transmission shaft. The bearing under test is disposed in the main bearing housing, the auxiliary bearing housing is disposed on the test platform, and an auxiliary bearing is disposed in the auxiliary bearing housing. The transmission shaft is arranged in a horizontal direction and passes through the bearing under test and the auxiliary bearing. The transmission shaft is used to drive the inner ring of the bearing under test and the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing to rotate.

[0009] A vertical loading mechanism is connected to the main bearing housing and is used to apply a vertical force to the main bearing housing in the radial direction of the drive shaft;

[0010] A lateral loading mechanism is connected to the main bearing housing and is used to apply a lateral thrust to the main bearing housing along the axial direction of the drive shaft.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first actuators are at least three non-collinearly arranged and symmetrically distributed with respect to the center or centerline of the test platform.

[0012] In some embodiments, the vertical loading mechanism includes:

[0013] A first rubber spring is connected to the main bearing housing;

[0014] The second actuator has its power output end connected to the first rubber spring and is used to apply a vertical force to the main bearing housing via the first rubber spring along the radial direction of the drive shaft.

[0015] In some embodiments, the bearing box simulation test fixture further includes a base, which is disposed below the test platform and is connected to both the fixed end of the first actuator and the fixed end of the second actuator for bearing. The test platform is provided with a clearance hole for the power output end of the second actuator to pass through.

[0016] In some embodiments, the lateral loading mechanism includes:

[0017] A second rubber spring is connected to the main bearing housing;

[0018] The third actuator, the power output end of which is connected to the second rubber spring, is used to apply a lateral thrust to the main bearing housing via the second rubber spring along the axial direction of the drive shaft.

[0019] In some embodiments, one end of the drive shaft is used to connect to the main shaft of an external test bench;

[0020] An end mounting plate is provided on the side of the test platform away from the main shaft of the external test bench, and the fixed end of the third actuator is connected to the end mounting plate.

[0021] In some embodiments, the transmission shaft is provided with a shoulder for axial positioning of the bearing under test;

[0022] And / or, a bushing is fitted on the drive shaft to axially position the auxiliary bearing.

[0023] A bearing simulation test system for axle box includes:

[0024] Control device;

[0025] The control device controls the actions of the first actuator, the vertical loading mechanism, and the lateral loading mechanism in any of the above-mentioned axle box bearing simulation test fixtures.

[0026] In some embodiments, a first force sensor is integrated on the vertical loading mechanism, and the control device performs closed-loop control of the vertical force on the vertical loading mechanism based on the feedback of the first force sensor.

[0027] The lateral loading mechanism is integrated with a second force sensor, and the control device performs closed-loop control of the lateral thrust of the lateral loading mechanism based on the feedback of the second force sensor.

[0028] In some embodiments, the test platform is provided with a plurality of displacement sensors, and each of the first actuators corresponds to at least one of the displacement sensors;

[0029] The control device controls the extension and retraction of each of the first actuators based on feedback from each of the displacement sensors.

[0030] In some embodiments, an acceleration sensor is provided on the main bearing housing, and the acceleration sensor is used to collect the vibration signal of the bearing under test.

[0031] The axle box bearing simulation test fixture provided in this application includes a platform module, a transmission mechanism, a vertical loading mechanism, and a lateral loading mechanism. The platform module includes a test platform and multiple first actuators. The power output ends of each first actuator are hinged to different positions on the bottom of the test platform to support the test platform. The extension and retraction movements of each first actuator can apply and simulate orbital spectrum displacement excitation during the test. The transmission mechanism includes a main bearing housing, an auxiliary bearing housing, and a transmission shaft. The bearing under test is housed in the main bearing housing, and the auxiliary bearing housing is mounted on the test platform. An auxiliary bearing is installed inside the housing. The drive shaft is arranged horizontally and passes through the bearing under test and the auxiliary bearing. One end of the drive shaft is connected to the main shaft or drive component of the external test bench, thereby driving the inner ring of the bearing under test and the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing to rotate. The vertical loading mechanism is connected to the main bearing housing and is used to apply a vertical force to the main bearing housing along the radial direction of the drive shaft. The transverse loading mechanism is connected to the main bearing housing and is used to apply a transverse thrust to the main bearing housing along the axial direction of the drive shaft. The transverse loading mechanism and the vertical loading mechanism can be linked together, so that the bearing under test is subjected to a load that matches the shaft end load spectrum.

[0032] During the test, the bearing under test is first press-fitted into the inner hole of the main bearing housing. Then, the drive shaft is passed through the bearing under test and the auxiliary bearing. After adjusting and fixing the positions of the transmission mechanism, the lateral loading mechanism, and the vertical loading mechanism on the test platform, the drive shaft is connected to the main shaft of the external test bench. The mechanical backlash is eliminated by pre-loading through the lateral and vertical loading mechanisms to ensure the rigidity of the force transmission path. By driving each first actuator according to a preset algorithm to make the test platform move, the random vibration caused by track unevenness and horizontal irregularities can be simulated, that is, the generation of the simulated track spectrum. The lateral force of the wheel and rail on curved sections can be simulated by the linkage of the vertical and lateral loading mechanisms.

[0033] Compared to existing technologies, the axle box bearing simulation test fixture provided in this application can collaboratively apply the axle end load spectrum and track spectrum displacement excitation. Specifically, the axle box bearing simulation test fixture can generate displacement excitation based on track height and horizontal irregularities through a first actuator, simulating random vibration interference between the wheel and rail; simultaneously, through vertical and lateral loading mechanisms, it can synchronously apply vertical and lateral composite loads derived from the vehicle's dynamic response, reproducing complex operating conditions such as train cornering, acceleration, and deceleration. Through this collaborative simulation of multi-degree-of-freedom load spectrum and track spectrum, the axle box bearing simulation test fixture can reproduce the complex vibration and stress state of the axle box position during the movement of a rail vehicle on a single bearing. This high degree of realism in simulation can solve the defect of load and excitation separation in traditional tests, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of axle box bearing life testing and fault diagnosis results.

[0034] The axle box bearing simulation test system provided in this application includes a control device and the aforementioned axle box bearing simulation test fixture. The control device can control the actions of the first actuator, the vertical loading mechanism, and the lateral loading mechanism, thereby ensuring a high degree of consistency between the simulated working conditions and the actual service conditions of the axle box bearing. This provides high-fidelity boundary condition inputs for axle box bearing fatigue life assessment and reliability verification, improving the accuracy of the working condition simulation. Furthermore, since it includes the aforementioned axle box bearing simulation test fixture, it also possesses the above-mentioned structure and beneficial effects. Other structural features are described in the prior art and will not be elaborated upon here. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bearing simulation test fixture disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0037] Among them, 100 is the test platform, 101 is the end mounting plate, 110 is the first actuator, and 120 is the base;

[0038] 200 is the main bearing housing, 210 is the auxiliary bearing housing, 220 is the drive shaft, and 221 is the coupling;

[0039] 300 is the first rubber spring, and 310 is the second actuator;

[0040] 400 is the second rubber spring, and 410 is the third actuator. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The core of this application is to disclose a tooling for simulating axle box bearing tests, so as to improve the accuracy of axle box bearing test results.

[0042] Another key aspect of this application is the disclosure of an axle box bearing simulation test system that includes the aforementioned axle box bearing simulation test fixture.

[0043] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the embodiments shown below do not limit the scope of the invention as described in the claims. Additionally, the entirety of the configurations represented in the embodiments below is not limited to those necessary for the solution of the invention as described in the claims. It should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0044] Combination Figure 1The axle box bearing simulation test fixture disclosed in this application includes a platform module, a transmission mechanism, a vertical loading mechanism, and a lateral loading mechanism. The platform module includes a test platform 100 and multiple first actuators 110. The power output ends of each first actuator 110 are respectively hinged to different positions on the bottom of the test platform 100 to support the test platform 100. The extension and retraction of each first actuator 110 can apply and simulate orbital spectrum displacement excitation during the test. The transmission mechanism includes a main bearing housing 200, an auxiliary bearing housing 210, and a transmission shaft 220. The bearing under test is installed in the main bearing housing 200, and the auxiliary bearing housing 210 is installed on the test platform 100. The test bearing and the auxiliary bearing housing 210 are provided with an auxiliary bearing. The transmission shaft 220 is arranged in the horizontal direction and passes through the test bearing and the auxiliary bearing. One end of the transmission shaft 220 is connected to the main shaft or drive component of the external test bench, thereby driving the inner ring of the test bearing and the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing to rotate. The vertical loading mechanism is connected to the main bearing housing 200 and is used to apply a vertical force to the main bearing housing 200 in the radial direction of the transmission shaft 220. The transverse loading mechanism is connected to the main bearing housing 200 and is used to apply a transverse thrust to the main bearing housing 200 in the axial direction of the transmission shaft 220. The transverse loading mechanism and the vertical loading mechanism can be linked together, so that the test bearing is subjected to a load that matches the shaft end load spectrum.

[0045] During the test, the bearing under test is first press-fitted into the inner hole of the main bearing housing 200. Then, the drive shaft 220 is inserted through the bearing under test and the auxiliary bearing. After adjusting and fixing the positions of the transmission mechanism, the lateral loading mechanism, and the vertical loading mechanism on the test platform 100, the drive shaft 220 is connected to the main shaft of the external test bench. The mechanical backlash is eliminated by pre-loading through the lateral loading mechanism and the vertical loading mechanism to ensure the rigidity of the force transmission path. By driving each first actuator 110 according to a preset algorithm to make the test platform 100 move, the random vibration caused by uneven track height and level can be simulated, that is, the generation of the simulated track spectrum. The lateral force of the wheel and rail on the curved section can be simulated by the linkage of the vertical loading mechanism and the lateral loading mechanism.

[0046] Compared to existing technologies, the axle box bearing simulation test fixture disclosed in this application can collaboratively load the axle end load spectrum and track spectrum displacement excitation. Specifically, the axle box bearing simulation test fixture can generate displacement excitation based on track height and horizontal unevenness through the first actuator 110, simulating random vibration interference between the wheel and rail; simultaneously, through the vertical loading mechanism and the lateral loading mechanism, it can synchronously apply vertical and lateral composite loads derived from the vehicle's dynamic response, reproducing complex working conditions such as train cornering, acceleration, and deceleration. Through this collaborative simulation of multi-degree-of-freedom load spectrum and track spectrum, the axle box bearing simulation test fixture can reproduce the complex vibration and stress state of the axle box position during the movement of a rail vehicle on a single bearing. This high degree of realism in simulation can solve the defect of load and excitation separation in traditional tests, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of axle box bearing life testing and fault diagnosis results.

[0047] Specifically, one end of the drive shaft 220 can extend outside the test platform 100 and be connected to the external test bench spindle or drive motor via a coupling 221 to drive the inner ring of the bearing under test to rotate. The coupling 221 can adopt a flexible structure to compensate for the relative misalignment between the drive shaft 220 and the driving component, improving adaptability. In this embodiment, the drive end of the drive shaft 220 used for transmission connection with the external test bench spindle or drive motor can be the end away from the transverse loading mechanism and the main bearing housing 200, so that the power transmission path can pass through the drive shaft 220 in a straight line, effectively avoiding structural interference between the vertical loading mechanism and the external test bench spindle or drive motor, improving the smoothness of the rotation of the drive shaft 220 and the stability of the overall structure, while simplifying the assembly difficulty. Alternatively, the drive end of the drive shaft 220 can be the end close to the transverse loading mechanism and the main bearing housing 200, and be connected to the external test bench spindle or drive motor via a gear transmission mechanism or the like.

[0048] The number of first actuators 110 and their support positions on the test platform 100 can be adjusted according to the simulated trajectory spectrum. Specifically, at least three first actuators 110 are arranged non-collinearly to provide reliable support for the test platform 100. Simultaneously, each first actuator 110 can be symmetrically distributed relative to the center or centerline of the test platform 100 to facilitate accurate simulation of the trajectory spectrum. For example, Figure 1 The illustration shows a test platform 100 with a rectangular flat plate structure. Four first actuators 110 are centrally symmetrically distributed with respect to the center of the test platform 100, and each of the four first actuators 110 is supported at one of the four corners of the test platform 100. Furthermore, the number of first actuators 110 can also be three, five, six, etc., and the types of first actuators 110 can be electric actuators, hydraulic actuators, or pneumatic actuators, etc. The test platform 100 can be a regular or irregular shape such as triangle, rectangle, or circle; this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0049] In some embodiments disclosed in this application, combined with Figure 1 The vertical loading mechanism includes a first rubber spring 300 and a second actuator 310. The first rubber spring 300 is connected to the main bearing housing 200, and the power output end of the second actuator 310 is connected to the first rubber spring 300. The power of the second actuator 310 acts radially along the transmission shaft 220 on the first rubber spring 300, thereby transmitting the vertical force to the main bearing housing 200. In this embodiment, the first rubber spring 300, as an elastic force transmission element, not only constitutes the transmission path of the vertical force, but its inherent elasticity and damping characteristics can also effectively isolate and attenuate the high-frequency disturbances and mechanical noise from the second actuator 310, ensuring that the vertical load applied to the main bearing housing 200 is smoother and purer. At the same time, the first rubber spring 300 can also compensate for the radial alignment deviation caused by thermal deformation or minor vibration during the test in real time, maintaining the stability and reliability of the vertical loading path, and ultimately effectively isolating the high-frequency interference of the second actuator 310, ensuring that the vertical force applied to the main bearing housing 200 can accurately track and reproduce the target load spectrum. The second actuator 310 can be an electric actuator, a hydraulic actuator, or a pneumatic actuator, etc., and this application does not limit this.

[0050] Furthermore, combined Figure 1 The axle box bearing simulation test fixture also includes a base 120, which is located below the test platform 100. The base 120 is connected to the fixed ends of the first actuator 110 and the second actuator 310 to achieve load bearing. A clearance hole is provided on the test platform 100 to allow the power output end of the second actuator 310 to pass through. In this embodiment, by placing the first actuator 110 and the second actuator 310 at the bottom of the test platform 100, the overall center of gravity of the axle box bearing simulation test fixture can be significantly reduced, thereby effectively improving its operational stability and anti-overturning ability, and facilitating maintenance. In addition, this layout can also reserve more open space on the top of the test platform 100, which is convenient for the installation layout of the bearing under test, the drive shaft 220, the lateral loading mechanism, etc.

[0051] In some embodiments disclosed in this application, the lateral loading mechanism includes a second rubber spring 400 and a third actuator 410. The second rubber spring 400 is connected to one end cap of the main bearing housing 200. The power output end of the third actuator 410 is connected to the second rubber spring 400. The lateral thrust of the third actuator 410 acts on the first rubber spring 300 along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 220, and is then transmitted to the main bearing housing 200. In this structure, the second rubber spring 400, as the core elastic force transmission element, not only constructs the transmission path of the lateral force, but its unique stiffness and damping characteristics can also effectively buffer the instantaneous impact and pulsation from the third actuator 410, ensuring that the applied lateral thrust is smooth and controllable. At the same time, the flexible connection characteristics of the second rubber spring 400 can adaptively compensate for the axial displacement caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the transmission shaft 220 or installation errors, avoiding the jamming or additional stress that may be generated by rigid connection, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of lateral loading and realizing accurate simulation of the dynamic axial force when the rail vehicle is turning. The third actuator 410 can be an electric actuator, a hydraulic actuator, or a pneumatic actuator, etc., and this application does not limit this.

[0052] To facilitate the installation of the lateral loading mechanism, combined with Figure 1 An end mounting plate 101 is provided on the side of the test platform 100 away from the main shaft of the external test bench, and the fixed end of the third actuator 410 is connected to the end mounting plate 101. Specifically, the fixed end of the third actuator 410 can be fixed to the end mounting plate 101 by means of snap-fit, bolt connection, etc., and the end mounting plate 101 and the test platform 100 can be fixed by means of welding, snap-fit, pin connection, bolt connection, etc. Furthermore, the end mounting plate 101 can be fixed to the test platform 100 in an adjustable manner through a structure such as a slot, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the specific assembly position of the transverse loading mechanism.

[0053] The drive shaft 220 can be a stepped structure and is provided with a shoulder for axial positioning of the bearing under test to ensure accurate transmission of the test load to the bearing under test. At least two auxiliary bearing housings 210 are spaced apart on the test platform 100, and a bushing is provided on the drive shaft 220 to axially position the auxiliary bearings on the two adjacent auxiliary bearing housings 210.

[0054] The auxiliary bearing housing 210 and the test platform 100 can be fixed by bolt connection, snap-fit, pin connection or other means; the auxiliary bearing can be a single-row tapered roller bearing or other bearings. The single-row tapered roller bearing can withstand the combination of huge radial load and unidirectional axial load at the same time, and has good rigidity. It is suitable for the working conditions where the vertical loading mechanism, the lateral loading mechanism and the first actuator 110 are loaded together, and has high reliability.

[0055] The axle box bearing simulation test system disclosed in this application includes a control device and the aforementioned axle box bearing simulation test fixture. The control device can control the actions of the first actuator 110, the vertical loading mechanism, and the lateral loading mechanism, thereby ensuring a high degree of consistency between the simulated working conditions and the actual service conditions of the axle box bearing. This provides high-fidelity boundary condition inputs for axle box bearing fatigue life assessment and reliability verification, improving the accuracy of the working condition simulation. Furthermore, since it includes the aforementioned axle box bearing simulation test fixture, it also possesses the aforementioned structure and beneficial effects. Other structures refer to existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0056] Specifically, a first force sensor is integrated on the vertical loading mechanism, and the control device can perform closed-loop load control on the vertical loading mechanism based on the measured value fed back by the first force sensor. A second force sensor is integrated on the lateral loading mechanism, and the control device can perform closed-loop load control on the lateral loading mechanism based on the measured value fed back by the second force sensor. This embodiment can adjust the load spectrum output in real time through the real-time feedback from the first and second force sensors, ensuring the dynamic accuracy and repeatability of the simulated load. For example, the first force sensor can be integrated on the second actuator 310, and the second force sensor can be integrated on the third actuator 410.

[0057] In some embodiments, the test platform 100 is provided with multiple displacement sensors, and each first actuator 110 corresponds to at least one displacement sensor, thereby providing feedback on the simulation of the orbital spectrum; the control device can, based on the feedback of each displacement sensor, realize precise servo control of the extension and retraction actions of each first actuator 110, so as to ensure that the test platform 100 can move according to a predetermined trajectory, providing a reliable guarantee for accurately reproducing the orbital spectrum.

[0058] To output simulation results, an acceleration sensor is installed on the main bearing housing 200. This sensor is used to collect vibration signals from the bearing under test, which can be used to diagnose the specific location and severity of the fault. Furthermore, a temperature sensor and a sound sensor can also be installed on the main bearing housing 200 to detect the temperature of the bearing under test, thereby obtaining the test results.

[0059] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units may include steps or units not listed, but rather steps or units not listed. Additionally, in the description of embodiments in this application, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0060] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Specific technical means in some embodiments may be incorporated, in whole or in part, into another embodiment unless explicitly excluded by another embodiment. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A fixture for simulating bearing testing of axle box, characterized in that, include: The platform module includes a test platform (100) and a plurality of first actuators (110). The power output ends of each first actuator (110) are respectively hinged to different positions at the bottom of the test platform (100) and used to simulate orbital spectrum displacement excitation. The transmission mechanism includes a main bearing housing (200), an auxiliary bearing housing (210), and a transmission shaft (220). The bearing under test is disposed in the main bearing housing (200), the auxiliary bearing housing (210) is disposed on the test platform (100), and an auxiliary bearing is disposed in the auxiliary bearing housing (210). The transmission shaft (220) is arranged in a horizontal direction and passes through the bearing under test and the auxiliary bearing. The transmission shaft (220) is used to drive the inner ring of the bearing under test and the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing to rotate. A vertical loading mechanism is connected to the main bearing housing (200) and is used to apply a vertical force to the main bearing housing (200) in the radial direction of the drive shaft (220); A lateral loading mechanism is connected to the main bearing housing (200) and is used to apply a lateral thrust to the main bearing housing (200) along the axial direction of the drive shaft (220).

2. The bearing simulation test fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first actuator (110) consists of at least three non-collinearly arranged actuators, which are symmetrically distributed with respect to the center or centerline of the test platform (100).

3. The bearing simulation test fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical loading mechanism includes: A first rubber spring (300) is connected to the main bearing housing (200); The second actuator (310) has its power output end connected to the first rubber spring (300) and is used to apply a vertical force to the main bearing housing (200) radially along the drive shaft (220) via the first rubber spring (300).

4. The bearing simulation test fixture as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bearing simulation test fixture also includes a base (120), which is located below the test platform (100). The base (120) is connected to the fixed end of the first actuator (110) and the fixed end of the second actuator (310) for bearing. The test platform (100) has a clearance hole for the power output end of the second actuator (310) to pass through.

5. The bearing simulation test fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral loading mechanism includes: The second rubber spring (400) is connected to the main bearing housing (200); The third actuator (410) has its power output end connected to the second rubber spring (400) and is used to apply a lateral thrust to the main bearing housing (200) via the second rubber spring (400) along the axial direction of the drive shaft (220).

6. The bearing simulation test fixture as described in claim 5, characterized in that, One end of the drive shaft (220) is used to connect to the main shaft of an external test bench; The test platform (100) is provided with an end mounting plate (101) on the side away from the main shaft of the external test bench, and the fixed end of the third actuator (410) is connected to the end mounting plate (101).

7. The axle box bearing simulation test fixture as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The drive shaft (220) is provided with a shoulder for axial positioning of the bearing under test; And / or, a bushing for axial positioning of the auxiliary bearing is fitted on the drive shaft (220).

8. A bearing simulation test system for axle box, characterized in that, include: Control device; The bearing simulation test fixture as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the control device controls the actions of the first actuator (110), the vertical loading mechanism, and the lateral loading mechanism.

9. The axle box bearing simulation test system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The vertical loading mechanism is integrated with a first force sensor, and the control device performs closed-loop control of the vertical force on the vertical loading mechanism based on the feedback of the first force sensor. The lateral loading mechanism is integrated with a second force sensor, and the control device performs closed-loop control of the lateral thrust of the lateral loading mechanism based on the feedback of the second force sensor.

10. The axle box bearing simulation test system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The test platform (100) is equipped with multiple displacement sensors, and each of the first actuators (110) corresponds to at least one displacement sensor; The control device controls the extension and retraction of each of the first actuators (110) based on the feedback from each of the displacement sensors.

11. The axle box bearing simulation test system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, An acceleration sensor is provided on the main bearing housing (200), which is used to collect the vibration signal of the bearing under test.

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