Intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation operation simulation training device

Abstract

The present application relates to medical teaching aid technical field, especially intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation operation simulation training device. The model includes a simulation person, a cervical vertebra module, a thyroid module and a simulation nodule. The simulation nodule is made of a thermal response material, has a heating element inside, an ablation needle integrated with a temperature sensor, and a control unit triggers heating according to the sensor signal, so that the physical state of the nodule changes and the real ablation effect is simulated. The present application has a simple structure, can provide intuitive visual and tactile feedback, and is used for medical staff surgical skill training and objective examination.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of medical teaching aids, and particularly relates to an intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation operation simulation training device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Thyroid thermal ablation is a core technology for minimally invasive treatment of thyroid nodules, and its efficacy is highly dependent on the precise puncture skills of the operator and the control of the thermal field. Currently, the training for this operation mainly relies on theoretical teaching, video learning, and puncture path simulation on simple models. These traditional modes have significant limitations. First, they generally cannot simulate and evaluate the actual effect of the key link of thermal ablation, and students cannot know whether the "ablation" energy they apply is sufficient to cause effective necrosis of the target nodule, resulting in a serious disconnection between training and real operation scenarios. Second, the existing models have overly simplified anatomical structures, lack important anatomical elements such as pulsatile blood vessels and layers that require "water isolation" operations, making it difficult to train students' risk avoidance awareness and comprehensive operation ability. In addition, the evaluation of surgical results often relies on subjective experience and lacks unified and objective quantitative standards, which is not conducive to standardized assessment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive simulation training model that can highly simulate real operation environments, provide immediate and intuitive ablation effect feedback, and objectively quantify operation effectiveness, to make up for the shortcomings of existing training methods and accelerate the training of specialist physicians. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide an intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation operation simulation training device, which simulates real anatomical structures, thermal ablation processes, and blood vessel pulsation, etc., to provide students with realistic operation experience and intuitive feedback, and to achieve objective and quantitative skill evaluation.

[0004] The intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation operation simulation training device comprises:

[0005] A simulation person is provided with a simulation skin that can be opened and closed on the lateral side of the neck, and a cavity that can be exposed is arranged inside the neck;

[0006] A cervical vertebra module is installed in the cavity inside the neck of the simulation person, and is made of hard plastic or resin;

[0007] The left or right lobe of the thyroid module is provided with an isolation water injection cavity bag for injecting liquid, which is different from the lobe provided with the nodule implantation channel. The thyroid module is internally provided with a simulation nodule block;

[0008] The simulation nodule block is made of a thermal response material and is configured to have an observable change in physical state when a set temperature is reached. The surface of the simulation nodule block is provided with a plurality of heating elements;

[0009] An ablation needle, the needle tube of which is a temperature sensor probe;

[0010] A control unit, which is in signal connection with the temperature sensor probe and the heating element; the control unit is configured to control the heating element to increase power to heat the simulated nodule to a simulated nodule ablation temperature when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor probe reaches or exceeds an initial set temperature of the heating element and is maintained for a period of time.

[0011] The present application integrates the ablation needle with the temperature sensor probe, and makes it signal connected with the control unit and the heating element in the simulated nodule, thereby constructing a complete "operation-sensing-feedback" closed loop system. When the trainee accurately inserts the ablation needle into the simulated nodule and applies "ablation" energy (simulation), the system monitors the temperature of the needle tip in real time through the temperature sensor probe. Once the set temperature (simulation of effective ablation temperature threshold) is reached or exceeded, the control unit triggers the heating element to heat the simulated nodule, causing its physical state to change observably. This converts the abstract "ablation energy" into specific and visible "tissue degeneration" effect, providing immediate and intuitive feedback to the trainee. The model changes the key standard for surgical success (whether the lesion has been adequately thermally ablated) from subjective experience to objectively measurable physical quantity (temperature). The examiner can directly and indisputably judge whether the trainee's operation in the energy application link is effective according to whether the simulated nodule changes. This provides clear and unified quantitative basis for skill assessment, overcoming the defect of traditional models that can only assess the puncture path but cannot assess the ablation effect. The lifelike man with openable and closable simulated skin, the hard plastic cervical vertebra module representing the internal bone structure, and the isolated water cavity bag and thyroid module together construct a three-dimensional training space close to the anatomical structure of the human neck. This environment can train the trainee to make skin incisions, separate tissues, expose the surgical field, and accurately puncture to avoid important structures (such as the cervical vertebra), and a series of basic operations, thereby improving the immersion and practicality of training.

[0012] The intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device, the lifelike man comprises:

[0013] A simulated neck skin layer made of rubber,

[0014] And a simulated blood vessel path embedded in the inside of the simulated neck skin layer, the material of the simulated blood vessel path is flexible silica gel, and the simulated blood vessel is filled with a liquid capable of ultrasonic imaging.

[0015] The rubber material of the simulated neck skin layer can highly simulate the elasticity, resistance and puncture feeling of real human skin. When learning to puncture the ablation needle into the skin, students can obtain very close tactile feedback to real surgery, which is very important for cultivating hand feeling and controlling puncture force. Real neck surgery needs to penetrate the skin, subcutaneous tissue and other layers. The rubber material skin layer can provide this layer-by-layer penetration simulation experience, not just a simple epidermis. The specific material is silicone rubber. There are very important blood vessels around the thyroid gland (such as the carotid artery, jugular vein, etc.). In real ablation surgery, accidental injury to these blood vessels will cause serious complications. The simulated blood vessel path directly simulates these blood vessels. During the operation, students must identify and actively avoid these blood vessels through ultrasound images or anatomical knowledge for simulation training in surgery. The simulated neck skin layer and the simulated blood vessel path upgrade the training model from a simple "thyroid target operation simulator" to a highly realistic "full-surgery process simulation platform" by adding a highly simulated skin layer and built-in blood vessel structure. It not only trains the last ablation step of the students, but more importantly, it trains the pre-requisite and critical skills of surgical approach, anatomical structure identification, risk avoidance, etc., greatly improving the comprehensiveness and safety of the training, and providing a physical basis for objectively assessing the operation standardization of students.

[0016] The intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device, the liquid is a water-based solution containing a thickening agent, and silicon powder is added to the liquid. Ordinary water or pure water is echoless under ultrasound (i.e., displayed as black), which is completely different from the real blood vessels filled with blood that can reflect ultrasound waves. "Silicon powder" is a kind of small solid particles, which can act as an ultrasonic scattering body. When the ultrasonic probe is irradiated, these particles will make the liquid show a "echo" or "fog-like" performance similar to blood on the ultrasound image (usually displayed as gray-white point echo). This allows the simulated blood vessels to be clearly identified on the ultrasound image, contrasting with the surrounding thyroid tissue, and students must learn to accurately locate important blood vessels such as the carotid artery on the ultrasound screen and ensure that the ablation needle is far away from them. Real blood has a certain viscosity, and by adding a "thickening agent" (such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hyaluronic acid, etc.), the viscosity of the water-based solution can be adjusted to be closer to the flow characteristics of blood. The liquid with appropriate viscosity will have a pressure transmission and blood vessel wall deformation closer to the physiological state under the drive of the pump, avoiding the water hammer effect or too fragile pulsation that may occur when using water.

[0017] The intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device is characterized in that the simulation blood vessel path is provided with a total water inlet, the total water inlet is arranged on the surface of the simulation human body trunk, and the total water inlet can be connected with an external water pump. The water inlet is arranged on the surface of the trunk (instead of the neck of the operation area), and is designed as a "total water inlet", which means that the liquid filling and driving of the entire blood vessel path system can be completed through one interface. This avoids the complex design of arranging multiple water inlets for multiple blood vessels, and makes the model preparation and maintenance and cleaning simple and fast. The water inlet is far away from the simulation surgery area of the neck part, and the connected water pipe and pump body do not hinder the students to perform the main training actions such as puncture and ablation, so as to ensure the smoothness and concentration of the training process.

[0018] The intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device is characterized in that the water pump is connected with the control unit, after the water pump fills the entire simulation blood vessel path with water, the control unit controls the water pump to repeatedly pump and inject water at a certain frequency, so as to simulate the blood vessel pulsation. The water pump is a micro peristaltic pump, which is connected with the total water inlet through a pipeline, and is used for pumping liquid into the simulation blood vessel path and generating periodic pressure change. The control unit is provided with a preset pulsation control program, which controls the water pump to periodically perform forward rotation (water injection) and reverse rotation / stop (water pumping / decompression) at an adjustable frequency of 60 to 80 times per minute and a corresponding duty ratio, so as to simulate the blood vessel pulsation in the normal state in the simulation blood vessel path. The primary students can use a lower frequency (60 times / min) to adapt, while the advanced students or during the examination use a normal or even slightly higher frequency (80 times / min) to challenge their technical proficiency, which significantly increases the difficulty of puncture and ablation needle positioning, and can more effectively train the hand-eye coordination and stability of the students.

[0019] The intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device, the thyroid module is an independent component that can be removed from the containing cavity as a whole, the thyroid module includes a buckle module and a thyroid body module, the buckle module and the thyroid body module are tightly bonded, the buckle module is hard plastic, and the thyroid body module is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel. The thyroid module is the direct target of ablation surgery and is easily pierced repeatedly by an ablation needle during training, and is the part of the model that is consumed the fastest. The thyroid module is designed as an independent component that can be removed from the containing cavity as a whole, so when the module is damaged due to excessive use, or when it is necessary to switch to a thyroid with a different pathological morphology for training, it is not necessary to replace the entire expensive simulation mannequin, but only the relatively low-cost thyroid module. This greatly reduces the cost of long-term training and greatly improves the practicality and economy of the model. The buckle structure made of hard plastic can ensure that the thyroid module can be accurately and firmly installed on the cervical vertebra module inside the neck of the simulation mannequin, preventing displacement or loosening during training and ensuring the accuracy of the anatomical position. Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel is a porous polymer material with excellent performance, and its elasticity, toughness and surface friction characteristics are very close to those of real human soft tissue. When pierced with an ablation needle, it can provide a very realistic "breakthrough feeling" and "resistance feeling", which is the key to training hand feeling. PVA hydrogel can simulate the echo characteristics of real thyroid tissue under ultrasonic imaging, making the ultrasonic guided puncture training more realistic and effective.

[0020] The thyroid module is provided with a nodule implantation channel inside for placing a simulated nodule block. The channel is a tapered channel without deformation, and the inner diameter of the channel decreases from the back to the front. The thyroid module can ensure that the simulated nodule block is placed at the same anatomical position during each training or examination through the preset "nodule implantation channel". This eliminates the evaluation deviation caused by random changes in nodule position, making the operation results of different students comparable and ensuring the fairness and scientificity of the examination. When it is necessary to replace different types of nodules or replace worn nodules, the operator only needs to remove the old nodule from the back of the thyroid module and push the new nodule along the preset channel. This is much faster, more accurate and neater than manually "digging holes" in the solid gel and then implanting nodules, greatly facilitating the preparation and model maintenance of the teacher before class. Since the simulated nodule block is a solid body with a certain elasticity, and the entrance (back) of the channel is large and the exit (front) is small. When the nodule is pushed from the back, it can pass through smoothly. But when it reaches the smaller inner diameter near the front, it will be elastically stuck by the channel wall. The friction generated by this tapered structure can effectively fix the nodule at the preset position, prevent it from being taken out or displaced inward during the removal of the puncture needle or other operations, and ensure the stability and reliability of the training process. The horizontally arranged nodule implantation channel simulates the common growth direction of nodules in the thyroid, making the ultrasound image closer to the clinical practice. Since the nodule is implanted through the channel, rather than molded with the thyroid body at one time, it will present a slightly different interface echo under ultrasound than the surrounding thyroid tissue, which more realistically simulates the situation that there is a capsule or boundary between the real nodule and the normal tissue, helping the trainee to identify the nodule boundary on ultrasound.

[0021] The maximum outer diameter of the simulated nodule block is greater than the minimum inner diameter of the nodule implantation channel in the non-deformation state, and the nodule implantation channel fixes the simulated nodule block on the front of the thyroid module through elastic force. Because the outer diameter of the simulated nodule block is slightly larger than the narrowest part of the channel, when the simulated nodule block is implanted from the back and pushed to the front, the channel wall will generate a continuous and uniform elastic tightening force (i.e. elastic force) on the nodule block. This force is sufficient to firmly fix the nodule block in the preset position, preventing it from being accidentally taken out or displaced due to friction during the training process, especially when the ablation needle is pulled out. This stable fixation ensures that the nodule does not move as the target during the entire puncture and ablation process, providing a stable operating environment for the trainee and avoiding operation errors and evaluation biases caused by target movement. This structure allows the trainee to feel the uniform wrapping force around the needle tip when it is inserted into the nodule, and this tactile feedback of breaking through the wrapping sensation conforms to the actual operation situation, which is crucial for training the trainee's sense of touch and judging the position of the needle tip. It is also impossible for flat or simply embedded models to provide. At the same time, when replacing the nodule, the teacher only needs to push the new simulated nodule block along the conical channel from the back to the front until it is automatically locked. The entire process does not require any tools, glue or complex clasp mechanisms, and is very fast and reliable. This purely mechanical elastic fixation method does not require the introduction of metal springs or clamps into the nodule block or thyroid module, avoiding the strong echo artifacts of these metal objects on the ultrasound image, thereby ensuring the clarity and realism of the ultrasound image.

[0022] One of the core components of the model is an isolated water injection cavity bag. The isolated water injection cavity bag is sleeved on the left lobe or right lobe of the thyroid module, and its setting position is different from the lobe where the nodule implantation channel is located, to ensure the pertinence of the simulation training.

[0023] The surface of the isolated water injection cavity bag is provided with one or more water injection ports, and the bottom is connected with a drainage pipe. This structure is designed to simulate the "liquid isolation" or "water isolation" technology in real thyroid ablation surgery. In this real surgery, the doctor needs to inject sterile saline into the potential gap between the thyroid capsule and the laryngeal recurrent nerve, trachea and other key tissues under ultrasound guidance to form a protective liquid barrier. This barrier can not only separate the tissues through hydraulic pressure and increase the safety distance between the ablation target and important structures, but also absorb and block heat, thereby achieving double protection of nerves and blood vessels.

[0024] The isolated water injection cavity bag in the model is set for training this key technology. The trainee injects liquid into the bag through the water injection port, which can simulate a typical echo-free liquid dark band on the ultrasound image, allowing the trainee to intuitively judge the success or failure of the injection operation, i.e. whether the liquid has accurately entered the target cavity, which is crucial for mastering the liquid isolation technology.

[0025] The water injection ports can be arranged according to the common needle insertion points of real surgery, and the number is not limited. Since the model is in a lying position, the water injection ports are located at a higher position of the isolated water injection cavity bag, and the injected liquid will not flow back from other water injection ports. The drainage pipe is usually kept closed, and can be opened after a single training is completed to drain the liquid and ensure that the model can be reused.

[0026] The intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device, the simulation nodule block material is polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, high thermal conductivity filler is added in the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, and the phase change temperature is set by adjusting the PVA concentration. With polyvinyl alcohol as the matrix, by adjusting the mass concentration of PVA in the aqueous solution between 10% and 20%, the critical temperature point (ablation temperature) of the phase change (i.e. from transparent or translucent to milky white opaque) of the hydrogel is accurately set. The ablation temperature can be continuously adjustable in the medical related range of 70°C to 90°C, and the PVA concentration is positively correlated with the phase change temperature. The PVA hydrogel is formed through at least one physical cross-linking process of freeze-thaw cycle to have mechanical strength to simulate the elasticity of real tissue. When the PVA hydrogel is heated to a certain temperature and lasts for a period of time, the internal physical cross-linking structure (hydrogen bond) will be destroyed, and a large amount of water will evaporate. The simulation nodule block changes from translucent or milky white to opaque white, which is the most intuitive change, perfectly simulating the "whitening" phenomenon of real tissue protein thermal denaturation. At the same time, due to dehydration, the nodule block will obviously shrink, and this dehydration and protein (simulation) denaturation caused by heat is irreversible. After cooling, the nodule block will not restore its original color, size and mechanical properties, that is, the simulation nodule block has been ablated, simulating the situation in real clinical surgery. High thermal conductivity fillers are added to the PVA hydrogel, which can be boron nitride nanosheets. The thermal conductivity coefficient is high, and it is an electrical insulator, which will not interfere with the electrical properties of the heating element or ultrasonic imaging. After adding, it can significantly improve the heat conduction efficiency of PVA; the high thermal conductivity filler can also be aluminum oxide nanoparticles, which is another common insulating thermal conductive filler with relatively low cost and good thermal conductivity. Adding high thermal conductivity fillers is to improve the thermal conductivity of the surface of the simulation nodule block, so that the heat of the thin film heater can be transferred to the puncture surface.

[0027] Regarding the pasting method of the flexible thin film heater, the simulation nodule block is installed in the nodule implantation channel, which is divided into a nodule surface area exposed on the surface of the thyroid module and an internal area in the channel. The flexible thin film heater can be pasted in the internal area of the channel, and the number is set according to the size of the simulation nodule block. The flexible thin film heater can heat the internal area of the channel at a low power state in the initial state, which will transfer heat to the surface of the nodule, so that the ablation needle can detect the temperature change (reach the initial set temperature) when it contacts the surface.

[0028] The heating element is a plurality of flexible film heaters, which cover the surface of the simulation nodule and heat the whole simulation nodule, the initial flexible film heater is in an extremely low power state, and the surface temperature of the simulation nodule is maintained at 45 DEG C, which is the initial set temperature. When the temperature sensor probe of the ablation needle needle tube touches the surface area of the nodule, the probe temperature of the temperature sensor probe gradually reaches 45 DEG C and is maintained for a period of time, when the probe temperature is maintained for about 20s, the controller judges that the ablation needle needle tube has been inserted into the surface of the simulation nodule, the power of the flexible film heater is increased to heat the simulation nodule to the ablation temperature of the PVA hydrogel, the simulation nodule is dehydrated and shrunk, and the student can see that the simulation nodule is smaller in the ultrasonic instrument, which is consistent with the actual operation. After the simulation nodule is shrunk, it can fall off to the nodule implantation, and the teacher only needs to take out the simulation nodule from the nodule implantation to replace a new simulation nodule for the next student's teaching test.

[0029] The core advantage of the present application is to construct a high-performance training platform integrating real-time thermal feedback, ultrasonic image simulation and precise operation evaluation. It not only realizes intuitive and quantifiable verification of ablation effect through the thermal response simulation nodule, and converts the subjective experience into objective physical indicators, but also provides an immersive full-process training environment through highly simulated anatomical structures (including a beatable blood vessel and an isolated water cavity bag that can be injected with liquid), thereby significantly improving the authenticity of the training and the scientificity of the examination, and the modular design greatly reduces the long-term use cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and those skilled in the art can obtain other implementation drawings according to the provided drawings without creating any inventive labor.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a simulation human diagram for the ablation needle of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a simulation human diagram for the ablation needle of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a simulation human diagram for the ablation needle of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a simulation human diagram for the ablation needle of the present application;

[0035] Figure 5Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the simulation nodule block and heating element of the present application;

[0036] Figure 6 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the simulation nodule block and heating element of the present application;

[0037] Figure 7 Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the ablation needle and temperature sensor probe of the present application.

[0038] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: 1 - simulation man, 2 - cervical vertebra module, 3 - thyroid module, 4 - ablation needle, 5 - control unit, 6 - isolation water cavity bag, 7 - water pump, 8 - heating element, 11 - simulation skin, 12 - simulation neck skin layer, 13 - simulation blood vessel path, 13a - total water inlet, 31 - nodule implantation path, 32 - simulation nodule block, 32a - nodule surface area, 32b - internal path area, 33 - buckle module, 34 - thyroid main body module, 41 - temperature sensor probe, 61 - water inlet, 62 - drainage pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0040] The concepts involved in the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the following descriptions of the concepts are only for the purpose of making the content of the present application easier to understand, and do not represent a limitation on the protection scope of the present application; meanwhile, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] This embodiment describes an intelligent feedback type thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device in detail.

[0043] Referring to Fig. 1, Figure 1 、 2 As shown in the drawings, the model mainly includes a simulation man 1, a cervical vertebra module 2, a thyroid module 3, an ablation needle 4 and a control unit 5.

[0044] Referring to Fig. 1, Figure 4As shown, the neck side of the dummy 1 is provided with a openable and closable simulated skin 11, which forms a cavity inside. The simulated skin layer 12 of the dummy 1 is made of high-elasticity rubber, and a simulated blood vessel path 13 made of flexible silica gel is embedded inside. The simulated blood vessel path 13 is provided with a total water inlet 13a on the surface of the trunk, and is connected with a water pump 7 (a micro peristaltic pump) through a pipeline. The control unit 5 is signal-connected with the peristaltic pump, and can control the peristaltic pump to periodically rotate forward and backward at a frequency of 70 times per minute, so as to pump the thickened water-based solution added with silica powder into the blood vessel, simulating the pulsation of the carotid artery.

[0045] Referring to the accompanying drawings Figure 2 , the accompanying drawings Figure 3 , the accompanying drawings Figure 5 , the accompanying drawings Figure 6 As shown, the cervical vertebra module 2 is made of hard resin and is fixed in the center of the neck cavity. The thyroid module 3 is an independent component and is installed in front of the cervical vertebra module 2 through the hard plastic buckle module 33 on the back thereof. The main body 34 of the thyroid module 3 is made of PVA hydrogel, and a horizontal tapered nodule implantation channel 31 is preset inside. A simulated nodule block 32 with a diameter slightly larger than the narrowest part of the channel is tightly fixed at a predetermined position of the nodule implantation channel 31 by elastic force. The simulated nodule block 32 is made of PVA hydrogel with a specific concentration and is prepared through freeze-thaw cycles, and the phase change temperature thereof is set to 80°C. A plurality of flexible film heaters are embedded on the surface of the simulated nodule block 32 as heating elements 8.

[0046] Referring to the accompanying drawings Figure 6 , regarding the pasting mode of the flexible film heater and the simulated nodule block 32, the simulated nodule block 32 is installed in the nodule implantation channel 31 and is divided into a nodule surface area 32a exposed on the surface of the thyroid module 3 and an internal channel area 32b in the nodule implantation channel 31. The flexible film heater can be pasted on the internal channel area 32b of the simulated nodule block 32, and the number thereof is set according to the size of the simulated nodule block 32. The flexible film heater heats and transmits heat to the nodule surface area 32a through the internal channel area 32b of the simulated nodule block 32, so that the ablation needle 4 can detect the change in temperature when contacting the surface of the simulated nodule block 32.

[0047] Referring to the accompanying drawings Figure 2 As shown, a water isolation cavity bag 6 is sleeved on one of the lateral lobes of the thyroid module 3, and is provided with a water inlet 61 on the surface and a drainage pipe 62 at the bottom, for simulating the "water isolation" operation in a real operation.

[0048] Referring to the accompanying drawings Figure 7As shown, the tip of the ablation needle 4 is actually a temperature sensor probe 41. The control unit 5 is connected to the temperature sensor probe 41 and the flexible film heater, and has preset control logic: when the probe detects that the temperature reaches or exceeds 45°C and is maintained for 20 seconds, it determines that the ablation needle 4 has correctly punctured the simulated nodule block 32, and then triggers the flexible film heater to work, rapidly raising its temperature to 80°C and maintaining it for a period of time. After heating, the simulated nodule block 32 will dehydrate and shrink, simulating the ablation of thyroid nodules in real surgery. This can be seen on ultrasound images to determine whether the puncture position is correct.

[0049] Example 2:

[0050] At a medical skills training center, instructors are preparing to use an intelligent feedback-based thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device to train students. (See attached document) Figure 2 Appendix Figure 3 Appendix Figure 5 Appendix Figure 6 As shown, first, the instructor prepares the model. The instructor takes a separate thyroid module 3 made of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel. He picks up a simulated nodule block 32, with several heating elements 8 (thin-film heaters) glued to its surface, and pushes it into the nodule implantation channel 31 on the back of the thyroid module 3. This conical channel fixes the simulated nodule block 32 in place by elastic force. Next, the mannequin 1 is taken out, the simulated skin 11 on the side of its neck is opened, and the snap-fit ​​module 33 of the thyroid module 3 is fastened to the slot of the cervical spine module 2. One of the lateral lobes of the thyroid module 3 is fitted with an isolation water-filled cavity bag 6. Finally, the instructor closes the simulated skin 11.

[0051] The instructor then connects the circulation system. See appendix. Figure 1 Appendix Figure 4 Appendix Figure 7 He connected the main water inlet 13a on the torso of the simulated human 1 to a miniature water pump 7 (peristaltic pump) via a catheter. The water pump 7 was then connected to the control unit 5. He injected a liquid containing silicon micropowder into the water pump 7 and started the pump. The liquid was pumped into the simulated blood vessel 13 and began to pulsate. Finally, he connected the ablation needle 4 to the control unit 5 and confirmed that the temperature sensor probe 41 at the tip of the ablation needle 4 was in normal signal communication with the heating element 8 inside the simulated nodule block 32.

[0052] See attached document Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2As shown, after the training begins, trainees first identify the anatomical structure consisting of a simulated neck skin layer 12, simulated blood vessels 13, a thyroid module 3, and a cervical spine module 2 under ultrasound guidance. Next, trainees perform a simulated "water isolation" procedure, using an injection needle to penetrate the simulated neck skin layer 12 and inject water into the cavity through the injection port 61 on the surface of the water-filled isolation bag 6, observing the resulting fluid-filled dark band on ultrasound. Then, in the core operation phase, trainees use an ablation needle 4 to puncture the simulated skin 11, avoiding the pulsating simulated blood vessels 13, and insert the needle tip into the simulated nodule 32, maintaining stability. See Appendix. Figure 6 As shown, when the temperature sensor probe 41 of the ablation needle 4 detects the preset temperature and maintains it for a period of time, the control unit 5 triggers the heating element 8 (thin-film heater) inside the simulated nodule block 32 to heat the simulated nodule block 32. Soon, the simulated nodule block 32 shrinks due to material phase change, and this change is clearly visible on the ultrasound image, objectively proving the effectiveness of the ablation operation.

[0053] See appendix Figure 2 Appendix Figure 3 As shown, after the operation is completed, the instructor opens the drain pipe 62 to drain the liquid in the isolation water-filled cavity bag 6, then takes out the thyroid module 3, replaces the simulated nodule block 32 that has fallen off due to shrinkage caused by heat, and recovers the thin film heater. The model is then quickly reset and can be used by the next student.

[0054] The embodiments and / or implementation methods described above are merely preferred embodiments and / or implementation methods for implementing the technology of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the technology of the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art may make some modifications to other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical means disclosed in the content of the present invention, but these should still be regarded as the technology or embodiments that are substantially the same as the present invention.

[0055] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that due to the limitations of written expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of this application, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An intelligent feedback-based thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device, characterized in that, include: The simulated human (1) has an openable simulated skin (11) on the side of its neck or back, and an exposed cavity inside its neck for accommodating the thyroid module (3). The cervical spine module (2) is installed in the internal cavity of the neck of the simulated human (1) and is made of hard plastic or resin. Thyroid module (3), wherein the thyroid module (3) is provided with simulated nodule blocks (32); The simulated nodule block (32) is made of thermally responsive material and is configured to undergo an observable change in its physical state when a specific temperature is reached; the surface of the simulated nodule block (32) is provided with a plurality of heating elements (8). The ablation needle (4) has a temperature sensor probe (41) in its tube. The control unit (5) is connected to the temperature sensor probe (41) and the heating element (8) by signal connection; the control unit (5) is configured to control the heating element (8) to increase the power to heat the simulated nodule block (32) to the ablation temperature of the simulated nodule block (32) when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor probe (41) reaches or exceeds the initial set temperature of the heating element (8) and is maintained for a period of time. The left or right leaflet of the thyroid module (3) is fitted with an isolation water-filling cavity bag (6), the surface of the isolation water-filling cavity bag (6) is provided with a water inlet (61), and the area fitted on the back of the thyroid module (3) is provided with a drain pipe (62). The simulated nodule block (32) is made of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, and a high thermal conductivity filler is added inside the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.

2. The intelligent feedback thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated human (1) includes: Simulated neck skin layer made of rubber (12). And a simulated blood vessel path (13) pre-embedded inside the simulated neck skin layer (12), the simulated blood vessel path (13) being made of flexible silicone and filled with liquid.

3. The intelligent feedback-type thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid inside the simulated blood vessel (13) is a water-based solution containing a thickener, and silica powder is added to the liquid.

4. The intelligent feedback thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The simulated blood vessel (13) is provided with a main water inlet (13a), which is located on the surface of the torso of the simulated human (1) and is connected to an external water pump (7).

5. The thyroid ablation surgery simulation training and assessment model according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water pump (7) is connected to the control unit (5). After the water pump (7) fills the entire simulated blood vessel (13) with water, the control unit (5) controls the water pump (7) to repeatedly pump and inject water at a certain frequency to simulate blood vessel pulsation.

6. The intelligent feedback-type thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thyroid module (3) is an independent component that can be removed as a whole from the cavity. The thyroid module (3) includes a snap-fit ​​module (33) and a thyroid body module (34). The snap-fit ​​module (33) and the thyroid body module (34) are tightly bonded together. The snap-fit ​​module (33) is made of rigid plastic, and the thyroid body module (34) is made of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.

7. The intelligent feedback thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thyroid module (3) has a nodule implantation channel (31) inside for inserting a simulated nodule block (32). The nodule implantation channel (31) is a cone-shaped channel when it is not deformed, and the inner diameter of the channel decreases sequentially from the back to the front.

8. The intelligent feedback thyroid ablation surgery simulation training device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The maximum outer diameter of the simulated nodule block (32) is greater than the minimum inner diameter of the nodule implantation channel (31) under the condition of no deformation. The nodule implantation channel (31) fixes the simulated nodule block (32) to the front of the thyroid module (3) by elastic force.

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