A mechanical processing semi-enclosed wire cutting machine tool and a method of use

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of wire cutting machine tools, and discloses a mechanical processing semi-closed wire cutting machine tool and a use method, which comprise a base, a group of supporting arms are arranged on the base, a cutting table is arranged at the top of the base, movable seats are arranged at the two sides of the top of the base, the supporting arms can move on the movable seats, an operation table is arranged on the supporting arms, a cutting head is arranged on one side of the operation table, a control table is arranged on one side of the base, a lifting plate is arranged on the base, the lifting plate is arranged around the cutting table, the lifting plate is used for surrounding the cutting table, a driving source is arranged at the bottom of the lifting plate, and the driving source can be controlled by the control table; one side of the cutting head is provided with a spraying assembly; the spraying assembly is used for spraying and cooling when the cutting head is cut. Compared with the prior art, the application realizes accurate cooling and efficient chip flushing, effectively reduces the risk of wire breakage caused by local overheating of the cutting wire, and improves the stability and precision during cutting of thick workpieces or complex workpieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wire EDM machine tool technology, specifically to a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Wire EDM machines are precision machining equipment widely used in mold manufacturing, parts processing, and high-precision workpiece machining. Traditional wire EDM machines typically employ an open or semi-open structure, where the cutting wire moves across the workpiece surface to cut the material. During the cutting process, a large amount of heat is generated between the cutting wire and the workpiece. If not cooled in time, this can lead to wire breakage, workpiece surface burns, or a decrease in machining accuracy.

[0003] In the prior art, most wire EDM machines use continuous spraying or constant flow spraying to cool and flush the cutting area. For thick workpieces or complex curved areas, the load on the cutting wire increases instantaneously, and continuous spraying cannot provide sufficient local cooling, which can easily lead to overheating and breakage of the cutting wire or burning of the cutting surface. At the same time, constant flow spraying maintains a high flow rate even under low load or in straight cutting sections, resulting in high consumption of cutting fluid and increased waste fluid treatment costs. Since traditional spraying cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the cutting load, the cutting wire tension, workpiece temperature, and chip discharge status are prone to fluctuations, making it difficult to guarantee the quality of the machined surface, especially when machining thick workpieces or complex paths. Therefore, this application discloses a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine and its usage method to meet the need for adaptive adjustment of the spray volume according to the cutting load. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool and its usage method. It has the advantage of adaptively adjusting the spray volume according to the cutting load, solving the problems of insufficient local cooling due to the instantaneous increase in load on the cutting wire in thick cross-sections or complex curved areas of the workpiece, which can easily lead to overheating and breakage of the cutting wire or burning of the cutting surface. At the same time, constant flow spraying still maintains a high flow rate in low load or straight cutting sections, resulting in high consumption of cutting fluid and increased waste liquid treatment costs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool and its usage method, comprising a base, a set of support arms on the base, a cutting table on the top of the base, movable seats on both sides of the top of the base, the support arms being movable on the movable seats, an operating table on the support arms, a cutting head on one side of the operating table, a control console on one side of the base, and a spray assembly on one side of the cutting head; the spray assembly is used to spray and cool the cutting head during cutting.

[0006] Preferably, the spray assembly includes a liquid storage tank disposed on one side of the bottom of the operating table, a connecting pipe disposed on the liquid storage tank, a connection hole disposed on the liquid storage tank and connected to the connecting pipe, a power source disposed inside the connecting pipe, a spray head disposed at the bottom of the liquid storage tank, the spray head being adapted to the cutting position of the cutting head, a lifting rod disposed inside the spray head, a plurality of limiting plates disposed on the surface of the lifting rod, a plurality of flow grooves disposed on the surface of the limiting plates, the width of the flow grooves gradually increasing from bottom to top.

[0007] Preferably, a support plate is provided on one side of the spray head, a rotating rod is rotatably provided on the support plate, a swing arm is provided on the rotating rod, and a plurality of driving teeth are provided at one end of the swing arm, the driving teeth can mesh with the limiting plate.

[0008] Preferably, the other end of the swing arm is provided with a mounting plate, one side of the mounting plate is provided with an extension plate, and a contact roller is provided on the extension plate. The contact roller is spindle-shaped, and a limiting groove is formed on the surface of the contact roller. The cutting wire of the cutting head contacts the surface of the contact roller.

[0009] Preferably, a lifting plate is provided on the base, the lifting plate is arranged around the cutting table, the lifting plate is used to surround the cutting table, and a drive source is provided at the bottom of the lifting plate, the drive source can be controlled by the control console.

[0010] Preferably, a guide rod is provided on one side of the support plate. The guide rod is a telescopic structure. One end of the guide rod is located on one side of the swing arm. A return spring is provided on the surface of the guide rod. One end of the return spring is located on one side of the support plate, and the other end of the return spring is located on one side of the swing arm.

[0011] Preferably, the machine tool is equipped with a control system, which is electrically connected to a liquid storage tank, a spray head, a pulse solenoid valve, and a current sensor. The spray head is oriented towards the cutting area and is used to spray cutting fluid onto the contact area between the cutting wire and the workpiece. The control system includes a cutting condition identification module and a spray control module. The cutting condition identification module determines the load state of the cutting wire in real time based on the cutting current signal collected by the current sensor and sends a high load signal or a low load signal to the spray control module. The spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve according to the signal to adjust the spray mode of the cutting fluid. Under high load conditions, the drive pulse solenoid valve opens at high speed to form a short-duration high-flow spray pulse; Under low load conditions, the driving pulse solenoid valve opens at low frequency or stops spraying intermittently.

[0012] Preferably, the sampling frequency of the current sensor is 200-500Hz, and the high load threshold in the cutting condition identification module is set to 1.2-1.8 times the baseline current, and the low load threshold is set to 1.02-1.2 times the baseline current.

[0013] Preferably, the pulse width of the spray control module driving the pulse solenoid valve under high load conditions is 100-500ms, and the minimum pulse interval is 250-600ms.

[0014] A method for using a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining, comprising the following steps: S1. Workpiece installation: Depending on the processing requirements, such as roughing and fine machining, the workpiece to be processed is fixed on the clamping device of the cutting table, the position of the workpiece is adjusted so that the processing area is within the movement path of the cutting wire, and the semi-enclosed protective cover is closed to form a relatively closed processing environment. S2, System Startup: Open the console, start the machine tool main control system and spray control system, and check whether the spray liquid volume, pulse solenoid valve and current sensor are in normal working condition. S3. Cutting preparation: Adjust the position of the cutting head on the control panel to align the cutting wire with the area to be processed on the workpiece, and set the cutting process parameters; S4. Cutting and processing: The cutting wire is controlled to enter the workpiece cutting area, and the current sensor collects the cutting current signal in real time. The cutting condition identification module determines the load status based on the current change. When under high load, the spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve to open at high speed, forming a short-term high-flow spray pulse to enhance the cooling and chip removal effect. When under low load, the spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve to open or stop spraying at low frequency to save cutting fluid and reduce splashing. S5. Process Monitoring: Operators can monitor the cutting current, spray status and cutting wire tension in real time through the control panel, and adjust the feed speed or spray mode as necessary. S6. Processing complete: After cutting is completed, stop the cutting wire, turn off the spray assembly, release the workpiece clamp, and remove the workpiece from the cutting table; S7. Maintenance and Care: Clean the cutting area and spray components, replenish the cutting fluid in the storage tank, and check the wear of the cutting wire to ensure that the machine tool is in good working condition.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool and its usage method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool, during use, achieves stability and movement of the support arm through the base and movable seat, allowing the operating table and cutting head to be flexibly adjusted on the cutting table. When the cutting wire cuts the workpiece, the lifting plate is raised and lowered by the drive source activated by the control console. At this time, the cutting table can be shielded, forming a semi-enclosed state during processing. The spray assembly cools and removes chips from the cutting area. When the cutting wire enters the high-load section (such as the thick-walled area of ​​the workpiece or the corner), the tension of the cutting wire changes, thereby adjusting the spray volume of the spray assembly to trigger enhanced cooling and chip removal in the high-load section. In the low-load section, the spray frequency or spray volume is reduced accordingly, thereby achieving dynamic control of spray cooling.

[0016] 2. This semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool can automatically adjust the spray volume according to the change in wire tension under different cutting loads, achieving precise cooling and efficient chip removal, effectively reducing the risk of wire breakage due to local overheating, and improving the stability and accuracy of cutting thick or complex workpieces; at the same time, the dynamic spraying method avoids the waste of cutting fluid caused by continuous high-flow cooling, reduces operating energy consumption and operating costs, and takes into account both environmental protection and economy.

[0017] 3. This semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool is suitable for cutting thick workpieces or cutting conditions containing complex curves and sharp angles. It can respond quickly when the working conditions change drastically, improve the timeliness and effectiveness of spray cooling, thereby significantly reducing the probability of the cutting wire breaking due to overheating and improving the overall cutting efficiency and processing accuracy. At the same time, the dynamic spraying method avoids the ineffective waste of cutting fluid, reduces operating costs, and is more in line with the application trend of green energy saving.

[0018] 4. This semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool utilizes the cutting current signal as a direct reflection of the cutting load to achieve real-time, dynamic adjustment of the spray mode. During high-load cutting, short-duration, high-flow-rate spray pulses can quickly reduce the temperature of the cutting zone and effectively flush away metal chips, improving processing stability and reducing the risk of wire breakage. During low-load cutting, low-frequency or intermittent spraying effectively avoids excessive waste of cutting fluid and reduces energy consumption and wear from frequent pump and valve operation. The setting of the current threshold range and current sampling frequency ensures the sensitivity and reliability of the identification module, enabling the spray adjustment to respond quickly while maintaining high precision. It is suitable for use in fine machining, improving overall processing efficiency and quality.

[0019] 5. This semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool method uses a current sensor to monitor the cutting load in real time. The control system can trigger short-duration, high-flow-rate spray pulses under high load conditions, effectively reducing the instantaneous temperature rise in the contact area between the cutting wire and the workpiece, enhancing chip removal and cooling capabilities, and preventing wire breakage due to local overheating. Under low load conditions, the spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve to open or intermittently stop spraying at low frequency, avoiding continuous waste of cutting fluid and achieving on-demand fluid supply, thereby reducing operating costs and extending the service life of the cutting fluid. The adaptive spray control based on the cutting conditions dynamically matches the spray flow rate with the actual cutting load, ensuring stable temperature and tension in the cutting zone, effectively reducing wire defects and surface roughness problems during processing, and improving processing quality. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a first-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second-view three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the liquid storage tank of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the liquid storage tank of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the swing arm of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the pulse solenoid valve of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the operation flowchart of the control system of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Support arm; 3. Cutting table; 4. Movable seat; 5. Operating table; 6. Cutting head; 7. Control console; 8. Lifting plate; 9. Liquid storage tank; 10. Connecting hole; 11. Spray head; 12. Lifting rod; 13. Limiting plate; 14. Flow channel; 15. Support plate; 16. Rotating rod; 17. Swing arm; 18. Drive gear; 19. Mounting plate; 20. Extension plate; 21. Contact roller; 22. Limiting groove; 23. Guide rod; 24. Return spring; 25. Pulse solenoid valve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] As described in the background section, there are shortcomings in the existing technology. In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application proposes a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining and a method of using it.

[0024] In one typical implementation of this application, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool and its usage method include a base 1, a set of support arms 2 on the base 1, a cutting table 3 on the top of the base 1, movable seats 4 on both sides of the top of the base 1, the support arms 2 being movable on the movable seats 4, an operating table 5 on the support arms 2, a cutting head 6 on one side of the operating table 5, a control console 7 on one side of the base 1, a lifting plate 8 on the base 1, the lifting plate 8 being arranged around the cutting table 3, the lifting plate 8 being used to surround the cutting table 3, a drive source being provided at the bottom of the lifting plate 8, the drive source being controllable by the control console 7; a spray assembly being provided on one side of the cutting head 6; the spray assembly being used to spray and cool the cutting head 6 during cutting. In use, the base 1 and the movable seat 4 work together to stabilize and move the support arm 2, allowing the operating table 5 and the cutting head 6 to be flexibly adjusted on the cutting table 3. When the cutting wire cuts the workpiece, the lifting plate 8 is raised and lowered by the drive source activated by the control console 7. At this time, the cutting table 3 can be shielded, forming a semi-enclosed state during processing. The spray assembly cools and removes chips from the cutting area. When the cutting wire enters the high-load section (such as the thick-walled area of ​​the workpiece or a corner), the tension of the cutting wire changes, thereby adjusting the spray volume of the spray assembly to achieve optimal performance in the high-load section. The system enhances cooling and chip removal; while at low loads, the spray frequency or spray volume is reduced accordingly, thereby achieving dynamic control of spray cooling. This application can automatically adjust the spray volume according to the change in wire tension under different cutting loads, achieving precise cooling and efficient chip removal, effectively reducing the risk of wire breakage due to local overheating, and improving the stability and accuracy of cutting thick or complex workpieces. At the same time, the dynamic spray method avoids the waste of cutting fluid caused by continuous high-flow cooling, reduces operating energy consumption and operating costs, and balances environmental protection and economy.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of this example, please refer to the appendix. Figures 1-5The spray assembly includes a liquid storage tank 9 located on one side of the bottom of the operating table 5. A connecting pipe is provided on the liquid storage tank 9, and a connection hole 10 is provided on the liquid storage tank 9, connecting to the connecting pipe. A power source is installed inside the connecting pipe. A spray head 11 is located at the bottom of the liquid storage tank 9, and the spray head 11 is adapted to the cutting position of the cutting head 6. A lifting rod 12 is installed inside the spray head 11. Multiple sets of limiting plates 13 are provided on the surface of the lifting rod 12, and multiple sets of flow grooves 14 are opened on the surface of the limiting plates 13. The width of the flow grooves 14 gradually increases from bottom to top. A support plate 15 is provided on one side of the shower head 11. A rotating rod 16 is rotatably mounted on the support plate 15. A swing arm 17 is provided on the rotating rod 16. One end of the swing arm 17 is provided with multiple sets of drive teeth 18, which can mesh with the limiting plate 13. The other end of the swing arm 17 is provided with a mounting plate 19. An extension plate 20 is provided on one side of the mounting plate 19. A contact roller 21 is provided on the extension plate 20. The contact roller 21 is spindle-shaped. A limiting groove 22 is opened on the surface of the contact roller 21. The cutting wire of the cutting head 6 contacts the surface of the contact roller 21. The storage tank 9 is used to store the cutting fluid. The storage tank 9 is connected to the spray head 11 through a connecting pipe. The power source (such as a micro water pump or electromagnetic drive device) installed in the connecting pipe provides continuous flow power for the cutting fluid. When the cutting head 6 is in normal cutting state, the cutting wire is in contact with the outer surface of the contact roller 21. The limiting groove 22 of the contact roller 21 ensures stable contact of the cutting wire during high-speed movement. When the cutting wire enters a thick-walled workpiece or a high-load section such as a corner, the tension and looseness of the cutting wire will change slightly but significantly. This change acts on the contact roller 21, causing it to deflect, which in turn drives the extension plate 20 and the mounting plate 19 to move in a set direction. During this process, the swing arm 17 rotates around the rotating rod 16, and the drive teeth 18 on it mesh with the limiting plate 13, thereby driving the lifting rod 12 to move up and down along the inside of the spray head 11. Multiple sets of flow grooves 14 are opened on the outer wall of the lifting rod 12, and the width of these flow grooves 14 gradually increases from bottom to top. The flow grooves 14 adopt a structure that gradually widens from bottom to top, so that the spray volume The change in flow rate exhibits a linear or near-linear growth, achieving a smooth transition in coolant flow and effectively avoiding insufficient cooling or excessive scouring of the cutting zone due to abrupt spray switching, thus maintaining the continuity and uniformity of the cutting process. When the lifting rod 12 is at different height positions, the opening area of ​​the flow channel 14 changes accordingly, thereby altering the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the cutting fluid and achieving automatic adjustment of the spray volume. Thus, when the cutting wire is under high load, the spray volume increases significantly to enhance cooling and chip removal; when under low load, the spray volume automatically decreases to avoid excessive consumption of energy and cutting fluid. This embodiment is particularly suitable for cutting thick workpieces or cutting conditions containing complex curves and sharp angles. It can respond quickly to drastic changes in working conditions, improving the timeliness and effectiveness of spray cooling, thereby significantly reducing the probability of cutting wire breakage due to overheating and improving the overall cutting efficiency and processing accuracy of the machine. At the same time, the dynamic spraying method avoids ineffective waste of cutting fluid, reduces operating costs, and is more in line with the trend of green and energy-saving applications.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of this example, please refer to the appendix. Figure 3-5 A guide rod 23 is provided on one side of the support plate 15. The guide rod 23 is a telescopic structure. One end of the guide rod 23 is provided on one side of the swing arm 17. A return spring 24 is provided on the surface of the guide rod 23. One end of the return spring 24 is provided on one side of the support plate 15, and the other end of the return spring 24 is provided on one side of the swing arm 17. When the tension of the cutting wire changes and causes the swing arm 17 to deflect, the guide rod 23 extends or retracts accordingly, and the return spring 24 is compressed or stretched. This provides a restoring force after the swing arm 17 is freed from the external force, allowing it to quickly return to its initial position. This ensures that the spray adjustment mechanism can return to its reference state and avoids the accumulation of spray volume errors due to residual displacement. The cooperation between the guide rod 23 and the return spring 24 not only provides stable guidance and support for the swing arm 17, preventing it from swinging or deviating excessively when the tension of the cutting wire changes abruptly, but also automatically resets the swing arm 17 after the external force is removed, improving the sensitivity and accuracy of spray control.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of this example, please refer to the appendix. Figure 1-7 The machine tool is equipped with a control system, which is electrically connected to the liquid storage tank 9, the spray head 11, the pulse solenoid valve 25, and the current sensor. The spray head 11 is set towards the cutting area and is used to spray cutting fluid on the contact area between the cutting wire and the workpiece. The control system includes a cutting condition identification module and a spray control module. The cutting condition identification module is used to determine the load state of the cutting wire in real time based on the cutting current signal collected by the current sensor, and sends a high load signal or a low load signal to the spray control module. The spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve 25 according to the signal to adjust the spray mode of the cutting fluid. Specifically: under high load conditions, the pulse solenoid valve is driven to open at high speed to form a short-term high-flow spray pulse; under low load conditions, the pulse solenoid valve is driven to open at low frequency or intermittently stop spraying. The sampling frequency of the current sensor is 200-500Hz. The high load threshold in the cutting condition identification module is set to 1.2-1.8 times the baseline current, and the low load threshold is set to 1.02-1.2 times the baseline current. A current sensor acquires the cutting current signal in real time, with a sampling frequency of 200–500 Hz, and transmits the signal to the cutting condition identification module. The identification module compares the real-time current with the baseline current. When the detected current reaches 1.2–1.8 times the baseline current, it determines a high-load state and outputs a high-load signal to the spray control module. When the detected current is in the range of 1.02–1.2 times the baseline current, it determines a low-load state and outputs a low-load signal. The spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve 25 to operate according to the signal. Under high-load conditions, the pulse solenoid valve 25 opens at high speed, forming a short-duration, high-flow-rate spray pulse to enhance cooling and chip removal. Under low-load conditions, the pulse solenoid valve 25 is controlled to open at low frequency or intermittently stop spraying to maintain basic cooling and reduce cutting fluid consumption. This embodiment utilizes the cutting current signal as a direct reflection of the cutting load to achieve real-time, dynamic adjustment of the spray mode. During high-load cutting, short-duration, high-flow-rate spray pulses can quickly reduce the temperature of the cutting zone and effectively flush away metal chips, improving machining stability and reducing the risk of wire breakage. During low-load cutting, low-frequency or intermittent spraying effectively avoids excessive waste of cutting fluid and reduces energy consumption and wear from frequent pump and valve operation. The setting of the current threshold range and current sampling frequency ensures the sensitivity and reliability of the identification module, enabling the spray adjustment to respond quickly while maintaining high precision. This makes it suitable for use in fine machining, improving overall machining efficiency and quality.

[0028] A method for using a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining, applied to the aforementioned semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool, includes the following steps: S1. Workpiece installation: According to different processing requirements, such as roughing and fine processing, the workpiece to be processed is fixed on the clamping device of the cutting table (3), the position of the workpiece is adjusted so that the processing area is within the movement path of the cutting wire, and the semi-enclosed protective cover is closed to form a relatively closed processing environment. S2, System Startup: Open console 7, start the machine tool main control system and spray control system, and check whether the spray liquid volume, pulse solenoid valve 25 and current sensor are in normal working condition. S3. Cutting preparation: Adjust the position of the cutting head 6 using the control panel 5 to align the cutting wire with the workpiece area to be processed, and set the cutting process parameters (including feed speed, pulse current, spray mode threshold, etc.). S4. Cutting and processing: The cutting wire is controlled to enter the workpiece cutting area, and the current sensor collects the cutting current signal in real time. The cutting condition identification module determines the load status based on the current change. When under high load (such as cutting thick sections or corners), the spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve 25 to open at high speed, forming a short-term high-flow spray pulse to enhance the cooling and chip removal effect. When under low load, the spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve 25 to open or stop spraying at low frequency to save cutting fluid and reduce splashing. S5. Process Monitoring: Operators can monitor the cutting current, spray status and cutting wire tension in real time through the control panel 25, and adjust the feed speed or spray mode as necessary to ensure a stable cutting process. S6. Processing complete: After cutting is completed, stop the cutting wire, turn off the spray assembly, release the workpiece clamp, and remove the workpiece from the cutting table 3; S7. Maintenance and Care: Clean the cutting area and spray components, replenish the cutting fluid in the storage tank 9, and check the wear of the cutting wire to ensure that the machine tool is in good working condition.

[0029] By monitoring the cutting load in real time through a current sensor, the control system can trigger short-duration, high-flow-rate spray pulses under high load conditions, effectively reducing the instantaneous temperature rise in the contact area between the cutting wire and the workpiece, enhancing chip removal and cooling capabilities, and preventing cutting wire breakage due to localized overheating. Under low load conditions, the spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve to open or stop spraying at low frequency, avoiding continuous waste of cutting fluid and achieving on-demand fluid supply, thereby reducing operating costs and extending the service life of the cutting fluid. The adaptive spray control based on the cutting conditions dynamically matches the spray flow rate with the actual cutting load, ensuring stable temperature and tension in the cutting zone, effectively reducing wire defects and surface roughness problems during processing, and improving processing quality.

[0030] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A set of support arms (2) is provided on the base (1), a cutting table (3) is provided on the top of the base (1), and movable seats (4) are provided on both sides of the top of the base (1). The support arms (2) can move on the movable seats (4). An operating table (5) is provided on the support arms (2), a cutting head (6) is provided on one side of the operating table (5), a control console (7) is provided on one side of the base (1), and a spraying assembly is provided on one side of the cutting head (6). The spray assembly is used to spray and cool the cutting head (6) during cutting; The spray assembly includes a storage tank (9) located on one side of the bottom of the operating table (5). A connecting pipe is provided on the storage tank (9). A connection hole (10) is provided on the storage tank (9). The connection hole (10) is connected to the connecting pipe. A power source is provided inside the connecting pipe. A spray head (11) is provided at the bottom of the storage tank (9). The spray head (11) is adapted to the cutting position of the cutting head (6). A lifting rod (12) is provided inside the spray head (11). Multiple sets of limiting plates (13) are provided on the surface of the lifting rod (12). Multiple sets of flow grooves (14) are opened on the surface of the limiting plates (13). The width of the flow grooves (14) gradually increases from bottom to top.

2. The semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support plate (15) is provided on one side of the spray head (11). A rotating rod (16) is rotatably provided on the support plate (15). A swing arm (17) is provided on the rotating rod (16). A plurality of driving teeth (18) are provided at one end of the swing arm (17). The driving teeth (18) can mesh with the limiting plate (13).

3. The semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The other end of the swing arm (17) is provided with a mounting plate (19), and an extension plate (20) is provided on one side of the mounting plate (19). A contact roller (21) is provided on the extension plate (20). The contact roller (21) is spindle-shaped. A limiting groove (22) is opened on the surface of the contact roller (21). The cutting wire of the cutting head (6) contacts the surface of the contact roller (21).

4. The semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining according to claim 3, characterized in that: A lifting plate (8) is provided on the base (1). The lifting plate (8) is arranged around the cutting table (3). The lifting plate (8) is used to surround the cutting table (3). A drive source is provided at the bottom of the lifting plate (8). The drive source can be controlled by the control console (7).

5. A semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining according to claim 4, characterized in that: A guide rod (23) is provided on one side of the support plate (15). The guide rod (23) is a telescopic structure. One end of the guide rod (23) is provided on one side of the swing arm (17). A return spring (24) is provided on the surface of the guide rod (23). One end of the return spring (24) is provided on one side of the support plate (15), and the other end of the return spring (24) is provided on one side of the swing arm (17).

6. A semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A set of support arms (2) is provided on the base (1), a cutting table (3) is provided on the top of the base (1), and movable seats (4) are provided on both sides of the top of the base (1). The support arms (2) can move on the movable seats (4). An operating table (5) is provided on the support arms (2), a cutting head (6) is provided on one side of the operating table (5), a control console (7) is provided on one side of the base (1), and a spraying assembly is provided on one side of the cutting head (6). The spray assembly is used to spray and cool the cutting head (6) during cutting; The spray assembly includes a storage tank (9) located on one side of the bottom of the operating table (5). A connecting pipe is provided on the storage tank (9). A connection hole (10) is provided on the storage tank (9). The connection hole (10) is connected to the connecting pipe. A power source is provided inside the connecting pipe. A spray head (11) is provided at the bottom of the storage tank (9). The spray head (11) is adapted to the cutting position of the cutting head (6). The machine tool is equipped with a control system, which is electrically connected to the liquid storage tank (9), the spray head (11), the pulse solenoid valve (25), and the current sensor. The spray head (11) is set towards the cutting area and is used to spray cutting fluid on the contact area between the cutting wire and the workpiece. The control system includes a cutting condition identification module and a spray control module. The cutting condition identification module is used to determine the load state of the cutting wire in real time based on the cutting current signal collected by the current sensor, and sends a high load signal or a low load signal to the spray control module. The spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve (25) according to the signal to adjust the spray mode of the cutting fluid, wherein: Under high load conditions, the drive pulse solenoid valve opens at high speed to form a short-duration high-flow spray pulse; Under low load conditions, the driving pulse solenoid valve opens at low frequency or stops spraying intermittently.

7. A semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sampling frequency of the current sensor is 200-500Hz. In the cutting condition identification module, the high load threshold is set to 1.2-1.8 times the baseline current, and the low load threshold is set to 1.02-1.2 times the baseline current.

8. A semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve with a pulse width of 100-500ms and a minimum pulse interval of 250-600ms under high load conditions.

9. A method of using a semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining, applied to the semi-enclosed wire EDM machine tool for machining as described in any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Workpiece installation: According to different processing requirements, including roughing and fine processing, the workpiece to be processed is fixed on the clamping device of the cutting table (3), the position of the workpiece is adjusted so that the processing area is within the movement path of the cutting wire, and the semi-enclosed protective cover is closed to form a relatively closed processing environment. S2, System Startup: Open the console (7), start the machine tool main control system and spray control system, and check whether the spray liquid volume, pulse solenoid valve (25) and current sensor are in normal working condition; S3. Cutting preparation: Adjust the position of the cutting head (6) by operating the table (5) to align the cutting wire with the workpiece to be processed area and set the cutting process parameters; S4. Cutting and processing: The cutting wire is controlled to enter the workpiece cutting area, and the current sensor collects the cutting current signal in real time. The cutting condition identification module determines the load status based on the current change. When under high load, the spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve (25) to open at high speed, forming a short-time high-flow spray pulse to enhance the cooling and chip removal effect; When under low load, the spray control module drives the pulse solenoid valve (25) to open at low frequency or stop spraying intermittently to save cutting fluid and reduce splashing; S5. Process Monitoring: Operators can monitor the cutting current, spray status and cutting wire tension in real time through the control console (7), and adjust the feed speed or spray mode as necessary. S6. Processing complete: After cutting is completed, stop the cutting wire, turn off the spray assembly, release the workpiece clamp, and remove the workpiece from the cutting table (3); S7. Maintenance and Care: Clean the cutting area and spray components, replenish the cutting fluid in the storage tank (9), and check the wear of the cutting wire to ensure that the machine tool is in good working condition.

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