Electric vehicle gradient battery replacement method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle energy supply, and discloses an electric vehicle gradient battery replacement method which comprises the following steps: calculating the number m of required battery replacement batches according to the battery number Nb of a battery replacement station and the total number Nv of electric vehicles; according to the battery capacity C, the vehicle power consumption rate Rd, the charging rate Rc of the battery swapping station and the minimum safe electric quantity Emin, a first batch of vehicle battery swapping threshold E1 is obtained through calculation, and according to the first batch of vehicle battery swapping threshold E1, the battery capacity C and the vehicle power consumption rate Rd, a moment t1 is obtained through calculation; according to the battery replacement method, a dynamic coupling model of a battery charging period and a vehicle power consumption period is established, accurate matching of the battery replacement time and the battery availability is achieved, the scheduling mechanism ensures that a battery replacement station has enough full-charge batteries to be available when any batch of vehicles initiate a battery replacement demand at any moment, and the battery replacement efficiency is improved. Therefore, vehicle operation interruption caused by battery shortage is thoroughly eliminated, and continuous and stable operation of a transportation system is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle energy replenishment technology, specifically to a graded battery swapping method for electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] In fixed environments such as open-pit mines and logistics parks, the large-scale operation of electric transport vehicles heavily relies on efficient and continuous energy replenishment. While battery swapping can shorten refueling time, in practice, the number of batteries stored at swapping stations is usually fixed and far less than the total number of operating vehicles, constituting a severe resource constraint. Existing mainstream battery swapping strategies, such as triggering mechanisms based on fixed power thresholds or fixed time intervals, have significant drawbacks: First, when multiple vehicles run out of power almost simultaneously, concentrated battery swapping demand leads to a momentary battery shortage at swapping stations, forcing vehicles to queue and wait for charging to complete, causing operational interruptions and efficiency losses. Second, blindly increasing the swapping threshold to avoid power shortage risks, while reducing the probability of downtime, results in insufficient battery energy release, excessively frequent swapping, and increased load on charging facilities, leading to a double waste of energy and equipment resources. Fundamentally, existing strategies lack system-level modeling and optimization of the dynamic coupling relationship between fleet power consumption behavior and swapping station charging capacity, making it impossible to achieve precise matching and scheduling of battery supply and demand under resource constraints. Therefore, developing a new generation of battery swapping strategy that can collaboratively optimize battery swapping timing and batches, ensure continuous vehicle operation, and maximize energy efficiency has become a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed in this field. Hence, a gradient battery swapping method for electric vehicles is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a tiered battery swapping method for electric vehicles, which has advantages such as eliminating vehicle operation interruptions caused by battery shortages and solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tiered battery swapping method for electric vehicles, comprising the following steps: S1: Based on the number of batteries N in the battery swapping station b Total number of electric vehicles N v Calculate the required number of battery swapping batches, m. S2: Based on battery capacity C and vehicle power consumption rate R d Charging rate R of battery swapping station c Minimum safe power E min The battery swapping threshold E1 for the first batch of vehicles was calculated, and based on the battery swapping threshold E1, battery capacity C, and vehicle power consumption rate R... d Time t1 is calculated; S3: Calculate the battery swapping capacity threshold E for subsequent batches based on the parameters from step S2. nand battery swapping time t n ; S4: Based on the vehicle's power consumption rate R d Charging rate R of battery swapping station c The system balance parameters are calculated based on the required number of battery swapping batches m, and the system balance parameters are 1+R. d R c m, and determine whether the system balance parameter is ≤2. If yes, the battery swapping system can operate continuously; otherwise, the number of batteries N in the battery swapping station is determined. b Insufficient or low charging rate R c If the value is too low, the parameters need to be adjusted to avoid battery depletion.

[0005] Preferably, step S1 specifically includes: / ( ) Preferably, step S2 specifically includes: Where C represents the battery capacity. To minimize the safe power consumption, For the charging rate of the battery swapping station, This refers to the vehicle's power consumption rate. Based on the first batch of vehicles' battery swapping threshold E1, battery capacity C, and vehicle power consumption rate R... d The calculated time t1 is expressed as: Preferably, step S3 specifically includes: Where n represents the number of battery swapping batches.

[0006] Preferably, the applications include fixed-route electric vehicle operation scenarios, including open-pit mine transport vehicles, port container transfer vehicles, or park logistics vehicles.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a graded battery swapping method for electric vehicles, which has the following advantages: 1. This tiered battery swapping method for electric vehicles establishes a dynamic coupling model between the battery charging cycle and the vehicle power consumption cycle. This invention achieves precise matching between battery swapping timing and battery availability. This scheduling mechanism ensures that at any time and when any batch of vehicles initiates a battery swapping request, the battery swapping station has a sufficient number of fully charged batteries available, thereby completely eliminating vehicle operation interruptions caused by battery shortages and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the transportation system.

[0008] 2. This graded battery swapping method for electric vehicles calculates a progressively decreasing optimal energy threshold sequence, guiding the vehicle to discharge as deeply as possible within theoretical safety boundaries. This method maximizes the release and utilization of battery energy, significantly reducing the waste of remaining energy caused by premature battery swapping, and achieving systematic optimization of energy utilization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of a graded battery swapping method for electric vehicles proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0011] Please see Figure 1 A tiered battery swapping method for electric vehicles includes the following steps: S1: Based on the number of batteries N in the battery swapping station b Total number of electric vehicles N v Calculate the required number of battery swapping batches, m. Step S1 is as follows: / ( ) S2: Based on battery capacity C and vehicle power consumption rate R d Charging rate R of battery swapping station c Minimum safe power E min The battery swapping threshold E1 for the first batch of vehicles was calculated, and based on the battery swapping threshold E1, battery capacity C, and vehicle power consumption rate R... d Time t1 is calculated; Step S2 is as follows: Where C represents the battery capacity. To minimize the safe power consumption, For the charging rate of the battery swapping station, This refers to the vehicle's power consumption rate. Based on the first batch of vehicles' battery swapping threshold E1, battery capacity C, and vehicle power consumption rate R... d The calculated time t1 is expressed as: S3: Calculate the battery swapping capacity threshold E for subsequent batches based on the parameters from step S2. n and battery swapping time t n ; Step S3 is as follows: Where n represents the number of battery swapping batches.

[0012] S4: Based on the vehicle's power consumption rate R d Charging rate R of battery swapping station c The system balance parameters are calculated based on the required number of battery swapping batches m, and the system balance parameters are 1+R. d R c m, and determine whether the system balance parameter is ≤2. If yes, the battery swapping system can operate continuously; otherwise, the number of batteries N in the battery swapping station is determined. b Insufficient or low charging rate R c If the value is too low, the parameters need to be adjusted to avoid battery depletion.

[0013] The parameters of the open-pit mine battery swapping station and vehicles are as follows: Number of batteries at the battery swapping station ( 5 pieces Total number of electric transport vehicles ( 15 vehicles Vehicle battery rated capacity (C): 400kWh Average vehicle power consumption rate ( ): 80kW Battery swapping station charging rate ( ): 160kW Minimum safe battery capacity ( ): 80kWh (20% of capacity) 2. Implementation process According to the strategy and method provided by the present invention, the following steps are performed: (1) Calculate the total number of battery swapping batches (m) / =3 (2) Calculate the initial battery swapping capacity threshold ( Substitute the parameters into the formula: =265.3 kWh (3) Calculate the first battery swapping time (t1) =1.68h (4) Determine the timing and capacity of subsequent battery swapping batches. Substitute the parameters into the formula: The battery capacity of the second batch of vehicles =197.95KWh, second batch of battery swapping time =2.52h The battery capacity of the second batch of vehicles =96.93kWh, second batch of battery swapping time =3.78h Feasibility verification: The third batch of vehicles had a battery capacity of 96.9 kWh during battery swapping, which was higher than the set minimum safe capacity (80 kWh), successfully preventing the vehicles from shutting down due to depleted battery capacity, thus proving the effectiveness of the strategy.

[0014] Energy utilization analysis: Compared with the traditional fixed high threshold (such as 50% battery capacity, i.e. 200kWh) strategy, this invention guides the first batch of vehicles to swap batteries when the battery capacity is lower and allows the last batch of vehicles to swap batteries when they are close to the safety limit, which significantly improves the utilization rate of battery energy.

[0015] System coordination verification: Each batch of battery swapping operations is triggered by the previous batch of batteries being fully charged, forming a stable cycle of "power consumption-charging-battery swapping", realizing efficient and seamless coordination between battery swapping station resources and fleet needs.

[0016] This embodiment demonstrates that the strategy and method provided by the present invention have excellent feasibility and significant performance advantages under typical working conditions.

[0017] This method can be applied to fixed-route electric vehicle operation scenarios, including open-pit mine transport vehicles, port container transfer vehicles, or park logistics vehicles.

[0018] In summary, this tiered battery swapping method for electric vehicles establishes a dynamic coupling model between the battery charging cycle and the vehicle power consumption cycle. This invention achieves precise matching between battery swapping timing and battery availability. The scheduling mechanism ensures that at any time and when any batch of vehicles initiates a battery swapping request, the battery swapping station has a sufficient number of fully charged batteries available, thereby completely eliminating vehicle operation interruptions caused by battery shortages and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the transportation system. Furthermore, by calculating a progressively decreasing optimal energy threshold sequence, the vehicle is guided to discharge as deeply as possible within the theoretical safety boundary. This method maximizes the release and utilization of battery energy, significantly reduces the waste of residual energy caused by premature battery swapping, and achieves systematic optimization of energy utilization efficiency.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0020] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A graded battery swapping method for electric vehicles, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Based on the number of batteries N in the battery swapping station b Total number of electric vehicles N v Calculate the required number of battery swapping batches, m. S2: Based on battery capacity C and vehicle power consumption rate R d Charging rate R of battery swapping station c Minimum safe power E min The battery swapping threshold E1 for the first batch of vehicles was calculated, and based on the battery swapping threshold E1, battery capacity C, and vehicle power consumption rate R... d Time t1 is calculated; S3: Calculate the battery swapping capacity threshold E for subsequent batches based on the parameters from step S2. n and battery swapping time t n ; S4: Based on the vehicle's power consumption rate R d Charging rate R of battery swapping station c The system balance parameters are calculated based on the required number of battery swapping batches m, and the system balance parameters are 1+R. d R c m, and determine whether the system balance parameter is ≤2. If yes, the battery swapping system can operate continuously; otherwise, the number of batteries N in the battery swapping station is determined. b Insufficient or low charging rate R c If the value is too low, the parameters need to be adjusted to avoid battery depletion.

2. The method for graded battery swapping of electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 is as follows: / ( )。 3. The method for graded battery swapping of electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 is as follows: ； Where C represents the battery capacity. To minimize the safe power consumption, For the charging rate of the battery swapping station, This refers to the vehicle's power consumption rate. Based on the first batch of vehicles' battery swapping threshold E1, battery capacity C, and vehicle power consumption rate R... d The calculated time t1 is expressed as: 。 4. The graded battery swapping method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 is as follows: Where n represents the number of battery swapping batches.

5. An application based on any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The applications include fixed-route electric vehicle operation scenarios, including open-pit mine transport vehicles, port container transfer vehicles, or park logistics vehicles.

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