Array type wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy

Abstract

The invention discloses an array type wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy, which belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering and comprises a main buoy serving as a core platform and three auxiliary floating structures distributed around the main buoy in an array. The main buoy carries various sensors to monitor marine environment parameters and is provided with a storage battery. Each auxiliary floating structure is integrated with a traction assembly, a wave energy power generation assembly and an anchor assembly. The wave energy power generation assembly captures wave energy through the buoy, drives the hydraulic power generation system to convert reciprocating motion into electric energy, and transmits the electric energy to a storage battery of the main buoy through an electric wire in the traction assembly, so that energy self-sufficiency is achieved. According to the design, the stability of the buoy system in stormy waves is remarkably improved through distributed layout, the three anchor chains are connected to the wave energy device instead of the main buoy, mutual collision and winding of the three anchor chains can be prevented, the maintenance difficulty is reduced through the modular structure, and the environmental adaptability and reliability of the system under severe sea conditions are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine engineering technology, specifically relating to an array-type wave-energy self-powered marine monitoring buoy. Background Technology

[0002] A marine monitoring buoy is an unmanned, automated observation platform anchored at a specific location at sea. Its core function is to conduct long-term, continuous, and all-weather real-time monitoring of marine hydrological, meteorological, and ecological environmental parameters. This platform typically consists of a buoy body, a power supply system, a data acquisition and communication control unit, and various sensors, capable of measuring dozens of elements, including wind speed, waves, water temperature, salinity, and even water quality parameters. As a key component of modern three-dimensional marine environmental monitoring networks, marine buoys provide indispensable on-site data support for marine scientific research, weather forecasting, disaster prevention and mitigation, navigation safety, and national defense. Since its inception, buoy technology has continuously developed, evolving from large, single-function buoys to miniaturized, serialized, multi-functional observation systems, with its observation capabilities and reliability constantly improving.

[0003] Traditional array-type wave-powered self-powered marine monitoring buoy systems still face several technical challenges. On the one hand, energy supply is a significant issue. Most buoys rely on batteries combined with solar panels for power, which can lead to energy shortages in harsh sea conditions or insufficient sunlight. Furthermore, solar panels are susceptible to contamination (such as bird droppings) and failure, which is difficult to clean at sea, limiting the number of sensors and the sustainability of long-term data collection. On the other hand, in harsh sea conditions, traditionally single-point anchored buoys are prone to significant tilting or even capsizing, affecting data quality and potentially damaging equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide an array-type wave energy self-powered marine monitoring buoy to solve the technical problems of high energy demand and poor stability of existing monitoring buoys.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention includes a main buoy and at least three auxiliary floating structures arranged in an array around the main buoy; The auxiliary floating structure includes a traction component, a wave energy component, and an anchor component; The wave energy assembly includes a chassis, a vertical column, a float, a reciprocating rod, and a hydraulic power generation system. The vertical column is fixedly installed on the upper side of the chassis. The hydraulic power generation system is installed inside the vertical column. The reciprocating rod is vertically slidably installed at the top of the vertical column. The float is a hollow cylinder with a vertical through-hole in the middle. The float surrounds the outside of the vertical column. The float is fixedly connected to the upper end of the reciprocating rod through a connecting rod. The reciprocating rod is connected to the hydraulic cylinder input rod of the hydraulic power generation system. The output wire of the hydraulic power generation system extends from the bottom end of the vertical column and connects to the main buoy. The traction assembly is connected between the main buoy and the chassis; The anchor assembly includes a fixing element and an anchor chain. The fixing element is fixed to the seabed, and the anchor chain is connected between the fixing element and the bottom of the chassis.

[0006] Optionally, the wave energy assembly further includes guide posts, baffles, and support springs. At least two guide posts are vertically fixedly connected to the lower end of the float. The guide posts slide vertically through the chassis and are fixedly connected to the baffles. The support springs are arranged around the guide posts, and both ends of the support springs are fixedly connected to the baffles and the bottom side of the chassis, respectively.

[0007] Optionally, the wave energy component further includes a counterweight block, which is fixed to the bottom of the inside of the buoy.

[0008] Optionally, the traction assembly includes several connecting cylinders that are sequentially hinged together. The two ends of the traction assembly are respectively hinged to the upper side of the chassis and the lower side of the main buoy. The hinge axes of the two ends of the traction assembly are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the hinge axes between the connecting cylinders are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the hinge axes of the two ends of the traction assembly.

[0009] Optionally, the connecting cylinder has a through hole along its axis for the output wire of the hydraulic power generation system to pass through, and the length of the output wire of the hydraulic power generation system is longer than the length of the traction assembly.

[0010] Optionally, the traction assembly further includes an angle limiting structure, which includes a first arc tube and a second arc tube. The angle limiting structure is disposed at the hinge point between the connecting cylinders. The arc axis of the first arc tube and the second arc tube coincides with the axis of the hinge point. The first arc tube and the second arc tube are respectively fixedly connected to the ends of the two hinged connecting cylinders. The first arc tube slides into the end of the second arc tube. When the connecting cylinders rotate at a certain angle, the end of the second arc tube abuts against the side of the connecting cylinder fixedly connected to the first arc tube. Multiple angle limiting structures are distributed on both sides of the coplanar hinge axis between the connecting cylinders.

[0011] Optionally, the angle limiting structure further includes a return spring, which is supported between the end of the first arc tube and the inside of the second arc tube.

[0012] Optionally, the hinge points between the connecting cylinders each include an inner rotating plate and an outer rotating plate. There are two inner rotating plates, each fixed to the end of one of the connecting cylinders and located on opposite sides of the connecting cylinder through hole. There are two outer rotating plates, each fixed to the end of the other connecting cylinder and located on opposite sides of the connecting cylinder through hole. A semi-cylindrical countersunk hole is formed on the inner side of the outer rotating plate, and an acute-angled cylindrical protrusion is fixed on the outer side of the inner rotating plate. The acute-angled cylindrical protrusion is rotatably disposed in the semi-cylindrical countersunk hole to limit the rotation angle of the inner and outer rotating plates.

[0013] Optionally, the anchor assembly further includes a counterweight cylinder and a guide seat. The guide seat is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the chassis. A U-shaped sliding tube is opened inside the guide seat. The U-shaped sliding tube extends upward from the bottom end of the guide seat, turns around, and then exits from the bottom end of the guide seat. The upper end of the anchor chain enters from one end of the U-shaped sliding tube and exits from the other end, and is fixedly connected to the counterweight cylinder. The counterweight cylinder is arranged around the outside of the lower extension section of the anchor chain.

[0014] Optionally, the anchor assembly further includes a retaining ring and a connecting ring. The connecting ring is arranged around the outside of the guide seat and is fixedly connected to several of the stops. The retaining ring is vertically movable inside the guide seat. The anchor chain passes through the retaining ring inside the guide seat. When the buoy swings up and down to its upper and lower limit positions, the retaining ring and the U-shaped sliding tube interlock to lock the anchor chain.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The three auxiliary floating structures are arrayed, efficiently converting the reciprocating motion of waves into electrical energy through wave energy generation components, providing a continuous and green energy supply for the entire system and enhancing its long-term endurance in harsh sea conditions. The three auxiliary structures form a flexible connection network with the main buoy through traction components, effectively suppressing the main buoy's roll and pitch in wind and waves, providing a more stable observation platform for its precision sensors, and improving the accuracy and reliability of the data. Through the decomposition and organic integration of functional modules, multiple objectives are achieved: energy self-sufficiency, stable observation, and resistance to harsh environments, providing a solid technical guarantee for the long-term, continuous, and accurate acquisition of marine environmental data.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent to those skilled in the art in some respects, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the following figures are provided for illustration: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the buoy according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the auxiliary floating structure according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 A diagram of a hydraulic power generation system according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 Detailed schematic diagram of the traction component according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of a wave energy component according to an embodiment of the invention; The following are the markings in the attached diagram: 1. Main buoy; 2. Traction assembly; 21. Connecting tube; 221. First arc tube; 222. Second arc tube; 223. Return spring; 231. Inner rotating plate; 232. Outer rotating plate; 234. Semi-cylindrical countersunk hole; 235. Acute-angled cylindrical protrusion; 3. Wave energy assembly; 31. Chassis; 32. Vertical column; 33. Buoy; 34. Reciprocating rod; 35. Hydraulic power generation system; 36. Guide column; 37. Stop seat; 38. Support spring; 39. Counterweight block; 4. Anchor assembly; 41. Fixing component; 42. Anchor chain; 43. Counterweight cylinder; 44. Guide seat; 441. U-shaped sliding tube; 45. Clamping ring; 46. Connecting ring. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0019] Please refer to the figures. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the disclosed technical content. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0020] The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only. These embodiments can be combined and are not limited to the content shown in any single embodiment below.

[0021] This invention provides an array-type wave-energy self-powered marine monitoring buoy, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the system includes a main buoy 1 and three auxiliary floating structures arrayed around the main buoy 1. The main buoy 1 is equipped with multiple sensors and contains a battery. The auxiliary floating structures include a traction assembly 2, a wave energy assembly 3, and an anchor assembly 4. The wave energy assembly 3 includes a chassis 31, a vertical column 32, a float 33, a reciprocating rod 34, and a hydraulic power generation system 35. The vertical column 32 is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the chassis 31. The hydraulic power generation system 35 is located inside the vertical column 32. The core of the hydraulic power generation system 35 is to convert reciprocating motion into rotational kinetic energy. Its basic components include a hydraulic cylinder, a one-way valve, an oil tank, a hydraulic motor, and a generator. This is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. In the vertical column, the piston inside the hydraulic cylinder reciprocates within the hydraulic cylinder. The reciprocating rod 34 is vertically slidably mounted on the top of the vertical column 32. The float 33 is a hollow cylinder with a vertical through-hole in the middle. The float 33 surrounds the outside of the vertical column 32. The float 33 is fixedly welded to the upper end of the reciprocating rod 34 through a connecting rod. The reciprocating rod 34 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder input rod of the hydraulic power generation system 35. Specifically, it can be coaxially fixed by bolt locking. The output wire of the hydraulic power generation system 35 extends from the bottom end of the vertical column 32 and connects to the main buoy 1, and is electrically connected to the battery inside the main buoy 1. The traction assembly 2 is connected between the main buoy 1 and the chassis 31. The anchor assembly 4 includes a fixing member 41 and an anchor chain 42. The fixing member 41 is fixed to the seabed, and the anchor chain 42 is connected between the fixing member 41 and the bottom of the chassis 31.

[0022] The array-type wave-powered self-powered marine monitoring buoy provided by this invention uses the main buoy 1 as the central platform for data acquisition, processing, storage, and communication. It is equipped with multiple sensors to comprehensively monitor marine environmental parameters, such as water temperature, salinity, waves, and meteorological elements. Its internal battery pack provides the energy foundation for the entire system. Three auxiliary floating structures are arranged in an array around the main buoy 1, primarily to significantly improve the static and dynamic stability of the entire buoy system on the water surface. When ocean currents or waves approach from a certain direction, the multiple auxiliary structures can work together to counteract the overturning moment in a single direction, effectively reducing the buoy's roll and pitch amplitude in harsh sea conditions, providing a more stable measurement reference for the sensors, thereby improving data quality. Each auxiliary structure is a highly integrated unit, including a traction component 2, a wave-powered generator component, and an anchor component 4. The wave-powered generator component 3 transmits the wave-driven up-and-down reciprocating motion of the float 33 to the hydraulic power generation system 35 via a mechanical structure, converting it into electrical energy. The towing assembly 2 forms a tensioned yet moderately movable connection between the main buoy 1 and the auxiliary structures, preventing structural damage in large waves due to rigid connections. The anchor assembly 4 is the foundation for securing the entire system to the designated sea area, fixed to the seabed by fasteners 41. In this embodiment, the fasteners 41 consist of one anchor pile and two grab anchors distributed at the ends of the anchor chains 42 of the three auxiliary floating structures. This modular and distributed design concept gives the system not only strong environmental adaptability and energy self-sufficiency potential, but also reduces the complexity and maintenance difficulty of individual components through functional decomposition. Compared to traditional single buoys, it has significant advantages in deployment flexibility and system reliability.

[0023] In further proposals, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the wave energy component 3 also includes guide posts 36, baffles 37 and support springs 38. At least two guide posts 36 are vertically fixedly connected to the lower end of the float 33. The guide posts 36 slide vertically through the chassis 31 and are fixedly connected to the baffles 37. The support springs 38 are arranged around the guide posts 36. The two ends of the support springs 38 are fixedly connected to the baffles 37 and the bottom side of the chassis 31, respectively.

[0024] The guide post 36, stop 37, and support spring 38 described in this solution together constitute the passive buffering and automatic reset system of the wave energy generation unit. Its structural principle is as follows: the float 33, as the component directly bearing the wave impact, transmits kinetic energy to the hydraulic cylinder via a connecting rod driving a reciprocating rod 34. However, the force of ocean waves is instantaneous, enormous, and irregular. Without a buffering mechanism, the enormous impact force could directly damage the piston and seals inside the hydraulic cylinder. The guide post 36 is vertically fixed to the lower end of the float 33 and slides through the chassis 31, acting as a linear guide rail to ensure that the float 33 moves strictly in the vertical direction, effectively preventing any lateral swaying or jamming, making the energy transmission path precise and efficient, and reducing mechanical wear caused by non-axial forces. The stop 37 is fixed to the end of the guide post 36, while the support spring 38 surrounds the guide post 36, with its two ends respectively abutting against the stop 37 and the bottom of the chassis 31. When the pontoon 33 moves downwards under the influence of a wave trough, it not only pushes the hydraulic cylinder piston to do work, but also compresses the support spring 38. At this time, the spring is compressed and stores elastic potential energy. When the wave force passes and the pontoon 33 enters the rising phase or encounters a wave crest, the potential energy stored in the compressed spring is released, assisting the pontoon 33 to return to its upward position. The compression process of the spring can absorb and dissipate some of the sudden and excessive impact energy, protecting the downstream hydraulic power generation system 35 from damage by peak loads. During the wave cycle, the energy storage and release of the spring at specific phases can provide auxiliary power for the movement of the pontoon 33, which theoretically may increase the work stroke of the hydraulic cylinder per unit time, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency. This mechanism ensures that the pontoon 33 can always follow the wave rhythm back to near the initial equilibrium position, avoiding the pontoon 33 from staying in an abnormal position for a long time due to inertia or water flow, thus ensuring the continuity and stability of the power generation process.

[0025] In further proposals, such as Figure 5 As shown, the wave energy component 3 also includes a counterweight 39, which is fixed to the bottom of the inside of the float 33.

[0026] A counterweight 39 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pontoon 33. By increasing the mass of the lower part of the pontoon 33, the center of gravity of the entire pontoon 33 structure is lowered, and its moment of inertia is increased. In complex marine environments, the pontoon 33 is subjected not only to vertical wave forces but also to horizontal current impacts and asymmetric wave moments, all of which can induce lateral tilting and rolling of the pontoon 33. The counterweight 39 can suppress this harmful lateral sway, ensuring that the pontoon 33 performs essentially only pure up-and-down reciprocating motion along the direction of the guide post 36.

[0027] In further proposals, such as Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the traction assembly 2 includes several connecting cylinders 21, which are sequentially hinged. The two ends of the traction assembly 2 are respectively hinged to the upper side of the chassis 31 and the lower side of the main buoy 1. The hinge axes of the two ends of the traction assembly 2 are parallel to the horizontal plane. The hinge axes between the connecting cylinders 21 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the hinge axes of the two ends of the traction assembly 2. The traction assembly 2 is in a tensioned state at sea.

[0028] The towing assembly 2 employs a series of hinged connecting cylinders 21, with both ends hinged to the chassis 31 and the main buoy 1 respectively. Designed to be in a tensioned state at sea, this is a flexible connection scheme. The hinged connections between the connecting cylinders 21 grant the towing assembly 2 multi-degree-of-freedom mobility. Crucially, the hinge axes at both ends are horizontally parallel, while the hinge axes of the middle connecting cylinders 21 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axes at both ends. This design constitutes a "directional joint" type transmission structure. It allows the main buoy 1 and the auxiliary floating structure to undergo relative forward, backward, left, right, and torsional deformations under wave action without generating excessive bending stress within the towing assembly 2. Under the combined effects of wind, waves, and currents, the movement of the main buoy 1 and the auxiliary structure is not synchronized, and their relative positions constantly change. Rigid connections generate enormous internal forces, easily leading to structural fatigue or fracture. This flexible towing assembly 2, however, can adaptively adjust its shape and length within the tension range through the rotation of its hinges, reducing the load at the connection points and protecting the structural safety of the main buoy 1 and the auxiliary structure. The connecting tube 21 has a through-hole along its axis for the output wire of the hydraulic power generation system 35 to pass through. The output wire of the hydraulic power generation system 35 is longer than the length of the traction component 2. The traction component 2 is hollow, providing a physical channel for the output wire of the hydraulic power generation system 35 to pass through, preventing it from being directly exposed to seawater and threatened by mechanical damage and marine organism attachment. When the entire system is in a tensioned state, the three traction components 2 form a tension constraint on the main buoy 1, which can effectively suppress large-scale drifting and swaying of the main buoy 1, improve the accuracy of observation data, and enable the buoy to work reliably for a long time in complex marine environments.

[0029] In further proposals, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the traction assembly 2 also includes an angle limiting structure, which includes a first arc tube 221 and a second arc tube 222. The angle limiting structure is disposed at the hinge point between the connecting cylinders 21. The arc axis of the first arc tube 221 and the second arc tube 222 coincides with the axis of the hinge point. The first arc tube 221 and the second arc tube 222 are respectively fixedly connected to the ends of the two hinged connecting cylinders 21. The first arc tube 221 slides into the end of the second arc tube 222. When the connecting cylinders 21 rotate at a certain angle, the end of the second arc tube 222 abuts against the side of the connecting cylinder 21 fixedly connected to the first arc tube 221. Multiple angle limiting structures are distributed on both sides of the coplanar hinge axis between the connecting cylinders 21.

[0030] In this structure, when the two connected cylinders 21 rotate relative to each other, the first arc tube 221 and the second arc tube 222 slide and rotate relative to each other. By determining the lengths of the first and second arc tubes 221 and the opening shape of the end of the second arc tube 222, a maximum allowable rotation angle is set. When the rotation angle between the cylinders 21 reaches this preset value, the end of the second arc tube 222 will contact the side of the cylinder 21 that is fixedly connected to the first arc tube 221, forming mechanical interference, thereby preventing the rotation angle from increasing further and avoiding excessive bending of the traction assembly 2 under extreme sea conditions. Such excessive bending may cause damage to the structure of the cylinder 21, excessive compression of internal wires, or even cause the entire traction assembly 2 to lose its function. By reasonably setting the limiting angle, it can be ensured that the three auxiliary floating structures are always distributed within the effective range around the main buoy 1, maintaining the stable configuration of the entire system and preventing any auxiliary structure from failing due to excessive bending. Multiple rotation limiting structures are distributed on both sides of the coplanar hinge axis, meaning that it can simultaneously limit forward and reverse rotation, providing bidirectional protection. This is an active, mechanical range of motion control that enhances the controllability and robustness of the entire buoy system in complex dynamic environments.

[0031] In further proposals, such as Figure 4 As shown, the angle limiting structure also includes a return spring 223, which is supported between the end of the first arc tube 221 and the inside of the second arc tube 222.

[0032] A return spring 223 is added to the corner limiting structure and supported between the end of the first arc tube 221 and the inside of the second arc tube 222, giving it passive elastic restoring capability. When relative rotation occurs between the connecting tubes 21, the return spring 223 begins to compress, generating a restoring torque opposite to the direction of rotation. Under normal sea conditions, the relative motion between the main buoy 1 and the auxiliary structure is continuous and small in amplitude. The presence of the return spring 223 ensures that the traction component 2 tends to straighten naturally after each small bend, preventing it from arbitrarily remaining in a certain bending shape and maintaining a relatively relaxed state, which is beneficial for maintaining the optimal stability configuration of the entire buoy system. During repeated compression and release, the spring can absorb and dissipate some of the system vibration caused by wave energy, acting as a passive damper, helping to smooth the dynamic response of the entire system and reduce impact. By reducing the "dead zone" dwell time at the hinge of the connecting tubes 21 and providing flexible buffering, wear at the hinge point can be reduced, extending its service life.

[0033] In further proposals, such as Figure 4 As shown, the hinge points between the connecting cylinders 21 each include an inner rotating plate 231 and an outer rotating plate 232. There are two inner rotating plates 231, which are respectively fixed to the end of one of the connecting cylinders 21 and located on opposite sides of the through hole of the connecting cylinder 21. There are two outer rotating plates 232, which are respectively fixed to the end of the other connecting cylinder 21 and located on opposite sides of the through hole of the connecting cylinder 21. A semi-cylindrical countersunk hole 234 is opened on the inner side of the outer rotating plate 232. An acute-angled cylindrical protrusion 235 is fixed on the outer side of the inner rotating plate 231. The acute-angled cylindrical protrusion 235 is rotatably disposed in the semi-cylindrical countersunk hole 234 to limit the rotation angle of the inner rotating plate 231 and the outer rotating plate 232.

[0034] An acute-angled cylindrical protrusion 235 on the inner rotating plate 231 is embedded in a semi-cylindrical countersunk hole 234 of the outer rotating plate 232, forming a joint that can rotate around the hinge axis while the cylindrical surface of the protrusion can roll within the countersunk hole to a limited extent. When the hinge point rotates, the protrusion rolls within the countersunk hole. When the rotation angle reaches the design value, the acute-angled side of the protrusion contacts the end wall of the semi-cylindrical countersunk hole 234, thus mechanically preventing further rotation. Since this constraint is based on the geometry of the protrusion itself, it is precise and reliable. It integrates the hinge function and the rotation angle constraint function into a compact joint unit, requiring no additional accessories and simplifying the structural design of the end of the connecting cylinder 21.

[0035] In further proposals, such as Figure 5As shown, the anchor assembly 4 also includes a counterweight cylinder 43 and a guide seat 44. The guide seat 44 is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the chassis 31. A U-shaped sliding tube 441 is opened inside the guide seat 44. The U-shaped sliding tube 441 extends upward from the bottom end of the guide seat 44, turns around, and then exits from the bottom end of the guide seat 44. The upper end of the anchor chain 42 enters from one end of the U-shaped sliding tube 441 and exits from the other end, and is fixedly connected to the counterweight cylinder 43. The counterweight cylinder 43 is arranged around the outer side of the lower extension section of the anchor chain 42.

[0036] In this design, the guide seat 44 is fixed to the bottom of the chassis 31. Its internal U-shaped sliding tube 441 allows the anchor chain 42 to enter from the top, extend downwards, bend in a U-shape, and exit from the other end. The counterweight cylinder 43 wraps around and is fixed to the lower extension of the anchor chain 42. The weight of the counterweight cylinder 43 acts on the U-shaped sliding tube 441 through the anchor chain 42, generating a downward pulling force. Because the anchor chain 42 is in sliding contact within the U-shaped sliding tube 441, when the buoy 33 moves the chassis 31 up and down, the weight of the counterweight cylinder 43 provides a nearly constant tension, keeping the anchor chain 42 taut and preventing it from slackening or tangling. When the buoy 33 rises rapidly under the influence of waves, it attempts to lift the anchor chain 42 through the chassis 31. However, due to the significant inertia of the counterweight cylinder 43, its movement lags behind, effectively releasing a section of the anchor chain 42 and temporarily storing potential energy. When the buoy 33 descends, the weight of the counterweight cylinder 43 pulls the anchor chain 42 back to its original position. This effectively smooths out the high-frequency, high-amplitude impact tension caused by waves, preventing the huge peak load from being directly transmitted to the seabed fixing component 41 through the anchor chain 42. This greatly protects the mooring foundation and reduces the violent turbulence of the entire buoy system. Furthermore, in this structure, the U-shaped sliding tube 441 makes the movement of the upper end of the anchor chain 42 vertical. Under the impact of waves at sea, the lateral movement of the chassis 31 is restricted by the U-shaped sliding tube 441, preventing the wave energy component 3 from swinging too much laterally at sea.

[0037] In further proposals, such as Figure 5 As shown, the anchor assembly 4 also includes a retaining ring 45 and a connecting ring 46. The connecting ring 46 is arranged around the outside of the guide seat 44. The connecting ring 46 is fixedly connected to several of the stop seats 37. The retaining ring 45 is vertically movable inside the guide seat 44. The anchor chain 42 passes through the retaining ring 45 inside the guide seat 44. When the float 33 swings up and down to its upper and lower limit positions, the retaining ring 45 and the U-shaped sliding tube 441 alternately lock the anchor chain 42.

[0038] In this design, the shackle 45 is vertically movable inside the guide seat 44, and the anchor chain 42 passes through the shackle 45. The connecting ring 46 connects the shackle 45 to multiple stops 37 below the buoy 33, so that the vertical position of the shackle 45 is determined by the real-time position of the buoy 33. When the buoy 33 moves to its upper or lower limit position, it will push or pull the shackle 45 to a specific height within the guide seat 44 through the guide post 36, stops 37, and connecting ring 46. At this height, the structure of the shackle 45 will interlock with the internal structure of the U-shaped sliding tube 441, locking the anchor chain 42 located between them from both sides, achieving temporary locking. At the moment of strongest wave energy, this mechanism can instantly "rigidly" connect the buoy 33, the chassis 31, and the anchor chain 42, effectively adding the inertial mass of the entire auxiliary structure to the mooring system, greatly enhancing the anchoring point's grip on the seabed and resisting huge uplift forces. Meanwhile, this intermittent locking allows some wave energy to be dissipated more directly to the seabed anchor point, rather than being entirely absorbed by the buoy system. It also prevents the anchor chain 42 from being stretched to its maximum length by excessively large waves, thus avoiding the failure of the anchor assembly 4 and preventing the anchor chain 42 from becoming entangled due to excessive length. When the buoy 33 moves away from its extreme position, the shackle 45 releases the lock, and the system resumes its dynamic response. This adaptive locking mechanism is like equipping the anchor chain 42 with an intelligent "instantaneous braking system," significantly improving the buoy's mooring safety and survivability in extreme sea conditions.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An array wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy, characterized in that: it comprises a main buoy (1) and at least three auxiliary floating structures distributed in an array around the main buoy (1); the auxiliary floating structure comprises a traction assembly (2), a wave energy assembly (3) and an anchor assembly (4); the wave energy assembly (3) comprises a base plate (31), a vertical column (32), a float (33), a reciprocating rod (34) and a hydraulic power generation system (35), the vertical column (32) is fixedly arranged on the upper side of the base plate (31), the hydraulic power generation system (35) is arranged inside the vertical column (32), the reciprocating rod (34) is vertically slidably arranged at the top end of the vertical column (32), the float (33) is a hollow cylindrical body vertically penetrating in the middle, the float (33) is wrapped outside the vertical column (32), the float (33) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the reciprocating rod (34) through a connecting rod, the reciprocating rod (34) is connected with the input rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic power generation system (35), and the output wire of the hydraulic power generation system (35) extends from the bottom end of the vertical column (32) and is connected to the main buoy (1); the traction assembly (2) is connected between the main buoy (1) and the base plate (31); the anchor assembly (4) comprises a fixing part (41) and an anchor chain (42), the fixing part (41) is fixed to the seabed, and the anchor chain (42) is connected between the fixing part (41) and the bottom of the base plate (31).

2. The arrayed wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: The wave energy assembly (3) further comprises a guide column (36), a blocking seat (37) and a supporting spring (38), the lower end of the float (33) is vertically fixedly connected with at least two guide columns (36), the guide columns (36) vertically slide through the base plate (31) and are fixedly connected with the blocking seat (37), and the supporting spring (38) is arranged around the guide column (36) and is fixedly connected with the blocking seat (37) and the bottom side of the base plate (31) at both ends.

3. The arrayed wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: The wave energy assembly (3) further comprises a counterweight (39), and the counterweight (39) is fixed to the inner bottom end of the float (33).

4. The arrayed wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: The traction assembly (2) comprises a plurality of connecting tubes (21), the connecting tubes (21) are sequentially hingedly connected, two ends of the traction assembly (2) are hingedly connected with the upper side of the base plate (31) and the lower side of the main buoy (1), respectively, the hinging axis lines of the two ends of the traction assembly (2) are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the hinging axis lines between the connecting tubes (21) are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the hinging axis lines of the two ends of the traction assembly (2).

5. The arrayed wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 4, wherein: The connecting tube (21) is provided with a perforation along the axis for the output wire of the hydraulic power generation system (35) to pass through, and the length of the output wire of the hydraulic power generation system (35) is longer than the length of the traction assembly (2).

6. The arrayed wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 4, wherein: The traction assembly (2) further comprises a rotation angle limiting structure, the rotation angle limiting structure comprises a first arc tube (221) and a second arc tube (222), the rotation angle limiting structure is arranged at the hinge joint between the connecting cylinders (21), the arc-shaped axes of the first arc tube (221) and the second arc tube (222) coincide with the axis of the hinge joint, the first arc tube (221) and the second arc tube (222) are respectively fixedly connected with the two hingedly connected end portions of the connecting cylinders (21), the first arc tube (221) slides into the end portion of the second arc tube (222), when the connecting cylinders (21) rotate by a certain angle, the end portion of the second arc tube (222) abuts against the side surface of the connecting cylinder (21) fixedly connected with the first arc tube (221), and a plurality of rotation angle limiting structures are distributed on the coplanar two sides of the hinge axis between the connecting cylinders (21).

7. The arrayed wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 6, wherein: The rotation angle limiting structure further comprises a homing spring (223), and the homing spring (223) is supported and arranged between the end portion of the first arc tube (221) and the inside of the second arc tube (222).

8. The arrayed wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 6, wherein: The hinge joint between the connecting cylinders (21) comprises an inner rotating plate (231) and an outer rotating plate (232), the inner rotating plate (231) has two and is fixedly arranged at the end portion of one of the connecting cylinders (21) and located on the opposite sides of the perforation of the connecting cylinder (21), the outer rotating plate (232) has two and is fixedly arranged at the end portion of the other connecting cylinder (21) and located on the opposite sides of the perforation of the connecting cylinder (21), a semicylindrical counterbore (234) is formed in the opposite inner side of the outer rotating plate (232), and an acute-angle cylindrical protrusion (235) is fixedly arranged on the opposite outer side of the inner rotating plate (231), the acute-angle cylindrical protrusion (235) is rotatably arranged in the semicylindrical counterbore (234) to limit the rotation angle of the inner rotating plate (231) and the outer rotating plate (232).

9. The arrayed wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 2, wherein: The anchor assembly (4) further comprises a counterweight cylinder (43) and a guide seat (44), the guide seat (44) is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the bottom plate (31), a U-shaped sliding pipe (441) is formed in the inside of the guide seat (44), the U-shaped sliding pipe (441) extends upward from the bottom end of the guide seat (44), turns around and then passes out from the bottom end of the guide seat (44), the upper end of the anchor chain (42) passes into the one end of the U-shaped sliding pipe (441) and passes out from the other end and is fixedly connected with the counterweight cylinder (43), and the counterweight cylinder (43) is arranged around the outside of the lower extension of the anchor chain (42).

10. The arrayed wave energy self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 9, wherein: The anchor assembly (4) further comprises a snap ring (45) and a connecting ring (46), the connecting ring (46) is arranged around the outside of the guide seat (44), the connecting ring (46) is fixedly connected with the plurality of blocking seats (37), the snap ring (45) is vertically movably arranged in the inside of the guide seat (44), the anchor chain (42) passes through the snap ring (45) in the inside of the guide seat (44), and when the float cylinder (33) swings up and down to the upper and lower limit positions, the snap ring (45) and the U-shaped sliding pipe (441) cross and clamp the anchor chain (42).

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