Anti-collision transportation method for construction waste regenerated hollow bricks

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building material logistics transportation, and discloses an anti-collision transportation method for building waste regenerated hollow bricks, which comprises the following steps: sleeving the regenerated hollow bricks into a rigid mandrel to form lateral space isolation; and then the static pre-tightening wedge block is driven to extrude the flexible contact petal body, and basic static locking is established. In the transportation process, when vertical impact occurs, the dynamic inertia sliding block generates axial displacement through inertia and is wedged into the flexible contact petal body, axial inertia force is converted into additional radial expansion force, and self-adaptive enhancement of the clamping strength is achieved; meanwhile, vibration energy is dissipated through viscoelastic shear deformation of the flexible contact petal bodies. And during unloading, driving is relieved, the elastic element is used for resetting, and the flexible contact petal body retracts to reconstruct the assembly clearance. Through combination of static maintenance and dynamic gain, the problem that fragile bricks are prone to being collided and damaged in the transportation process is effectively solved, and stress buffering and stable transportation are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building material logistics and transportation technology, specifically a method for preventing collisions during the transportation of recycled hollow bricks from construction waste. Background Technology

[0002] With the promotion of green building concepts, recycled hollow bricks made from construction waste aggregates have been widely used. However, due to the limitations of the interfacial bonding strength and porous structure of recycled aggregates, these bricks are generally brittle and have weaker impact resistance than traditional sintered bricks. Furthermore, their inner pore walls and outer edges are prone to spalling or microcrack propagation due to localized stress concentration.

[0003] In existing transportation and logistics processes, recycled hollow bricks are typically transported by directly stacking them and securing them with plastic strapping. This method results in rigid contact between the bricks. When transport vehicles travel on bumpy roads, the impact is transmitted to the stack, causing high-frequency friction and collisions between adjacent bricks, which easily leads to chipping of edges and corners. Furthermore, the constant preload applied by the strapping is insufficient to handle dynamic loads. Excessive preload can break the edges of the bricks, while insufficient preload can cause the stack to loosen or even collapse.

[0004] Some improvement schemes attempt to use transport pallets or box-type carriers with partitions to reduce interlayer compression. However, these carriers typically lack independent degree-of-freedom constraints on individual bricks, leaving room for lateral swaying within the carrier and failing to effectively eliminate the risk of horizontal collisions. Furthermore, many existing internal clamping devices employ rigid mechanical structures, resulting in a constant clamping force. To prevent slippage during transport, a large initial clamping force is usually required, which can easily cause static cracking of the internal wall of low-strength recycled hollow bricks. Conversely, reducing the initial clamping force fails to withstand sudden, severe impacts during transport, leading to brick detachment. Therefore, existing fixed transport technologies struggle to ensure high-strength locking while avoiding secondary stress damage to brittle bricks, failing to meet the requirements for low-loss transport of recycled hollow bricks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for preventing collisions during the transportation of recycled hollow bricks from construction waste. This method solves the problems of edge and corner damage caused by stacking and collisions during transportation of recycled hollow bricks, and the difficulty in ensuring stability while avoiding brittle internal stress damage due to constant clamping force of the fixing device.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preventing collisions during the transportation of recycled hollow bricks from construction waste, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Control the static pre-tightening wedge block to be in a non-working position, and use the elastic reset element to keep the dynamic inertial slider in the initial equilibrium position, so that the flexible contact petal is in a radially contracted state under its own elasticity or auxiliary binding force. S2: The recycled hollow brick is inserted vertically along the axial direction of the rigid mandrel, and an assembly gap is maintained between the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick and the flexible contact petal, so as to form a lateral space isolation between adjacent recycled hollow bricks. S3: Drive the static pre-tightening wedge block to move axially and wedge into the inner side of the flexible contact petal, forcing the flexible contact petal to undergo radial expansion deformation until the outer surface of the flexible contact petal is tightly attached to the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick, thus establishing a static friction connection. S4: During transportation, when the rigid mandrel is subjected to a vertical impact and the acceleration exceeds a preset threshold, the mass inertia of the dynamic inertia slider is used to make it axially displace relative to the rigid mandrel. The dynamic inertia slider wedges into the inner side of the flexible contact petal, converting the axial inertial force into an additional radial expansion force superimposed on the static friction connection. S5: Remove the force driving the static pre-tightening wedge block, and use the elastic reset element to drive the dynamic inertial slider to reset, so that the flexible contact petal body elastically retracts to the assembly gap state, and the recycled hollow brick is moved out axially.

[0007] Preferably, in S2, the lateral space isolation is formed by setting the center axis distance between adjacent rigid mandrels to be greater than the maximum outer width of the recycled hollow brick, so that after the recycled hollow brick is placed, a connected air gap is formed between the opposite side facades of any two adjacent recycled hollow bricks, and the air gap is not filled with any solid support.

[0008] Preferably, in S2, the regenerated hollow bricks are supported vertically as follows: the first layer of regenerated hollow bricks rests on the surface of the arrayed base with a shock-absorbing and damping layer, and flexible partitions are laid between the subsequently stacked regenerated hollow bricks; or, each layer of regenerated hollow bricks rests on a pre-set layered load-bearing step on the rigid mandrel; the rigid mandrel passes through the inner holes of all stacked regenerated hollow bricks.

[0009] Preferably, in S3, the static locking is specifically implemented as follows: an actuation mechanism connected to the bottom of the rigid spindle drives a central drive rod inserted inside the rigid spindle to generate axial displacement; the central drive rod drives the static pre-tightening wedge to move synchronously, and the first driving cone surface of the static pre-tightening wedge presses the first force-bearing cone surface area inside the flexible contact petal to achieve radial expansion.

[0010] Preferably, in S3, when establishing a static friction connection, the radial positive pressure generated by the static pre-tightening wedge is controlled so that the circumferential tensile stress applied by the flexible contact petal to the recycled hollow brick is less than a preset ratio of the tensile strength limit of the recycled hollow brick material, and the micro-tooth structure on the surface of the flexible contact petal is elastically embedded in the uneven texture of the inner hole wall of the recycled hollow brick.

[0011] Preferably, in S4, the triggering condition of the dynamic inertia gain is jointly determined by the inertial mass of the dynamic inertia slider, the stiffness coefficient of the elastic reset element, and the pre-compression amount; when the vertical acceleration generated by the external impact causes the inertial force generated by the dynamic inertia slider to be greater than the sum of the current resistance and frictional resistance of the elastic reset element, the dynamic inertia slider breaks through the initial equilibrium position and generates the axial displacement.

[0012] Preferably, in S4, the process of converting the axial inertial force into an additional radial expansion force is achieved through inclined plane engagement: the outer side of the dynamic inertial slider is provided with a gain cone surface, and the inner side of the flexible contact petal is provided with a second force-bearing cone surface area; the engagement angle between the gain cone surface and the second force-bearing cone surface area is set to a non-locking angle, so that the dynamic inertial slider can wedge in under inertial action and can exit after the inertial force disappears.

[0013] Preferably, in S4, a vibration energy dissipation process is also included: utilizing the viscoelastic material properties of the flexible contact petal, a shear deformation layer is constructed between the rigid mandrel and the recycled hollow brick; when the rigid mandrel and the recycled hollow brick undergo slight relative motion, the flexible contact petal undergoes shear hysteresis deformation along the thickness direction, converting the vibration mechanical energy into heat energy for dissipation, and reducing the instantaneous peak impact stress acting on the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick.

[0014] Preferably, in S5, the specific process of resetting the dynamic inertial slider is as follows: when the vehicle is stationary or the vertical impact acceleration is lower than the preset threshold, the elastic reset element releases elastic potential energy, pushing the dynamic inertial slider to slide in the opposite direction along the rigid spindle until the dynamic inertial slider abuts against the limiting structure on the rigid spindle, causing the gain cone surface of the dynamic inertial slider to disengage from the flexible contact flap.

[0015] Preferably, in S5, the flexible contact flap returning to the assembly gap state means that the outer surface of the flexible contact flap is completely separated from the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick, and a new annular gap with a single-sided width of 0.5 mm to 2 mm is formed between them, so that the recycled hollow brick can be lifted vertically without frictional resistance.

[0016] This invention provides a method for preventing impacts during the transportation of recycled hollow bricks from construction waste. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention achieves adaptive adjustment of the clamping force on recycled hollow bricks through the cooperation of a static pre-tightening wedge and a dynamic inertial slider. During smooth transportation, only a small basic locking force is applied to maintain the posture, preventing the brittle bricks from statically cracking due to long-term high radial stress. When subjected to road impact, the dynamic inertial slider uses inertia to convert the axial force into an additional radial expansion force, instantly increasing the clamping strength. This ensures locking reliability under extreme conditions while reducing the internal stress level of the bricks during normal transportation.

[0017] 2. This invention utilizes a flexible contact flap made of viscoelastic material as a force transmission medium, constructing a shear deformation energy dissipation layer between the rigid mandrel and the inner wall of the brick. The flexible component can fill the micro-texture of the inner hole wall to achieve elastic envelope contact, and dissipates vibration energy by converting it into shear deformation through the material's hysteresis effect. This mechanism reduces the instantaneous peak stress transmitted to the inner wall of the brick, effectively preventing fretting wear, flaking, and crack propagation of the inner hole wall caused by transportation vibration.

[0018] 3. This invention employs a spatial isolation layout based on an arrayed rigid mandrel and a radially reversible retraction structure, eliminating the risk of lateral collisions between bricks and mechanical damage during loading and unloading. By setting the axial spacing, it ensures that adjacent bricks remain physically isolated laterally, blocking the transmission of horizontal collision forces. During the unloading phase, the flexible contact petals elastically retract and rebuild the air gap between themselves and the inner wall of the brick, allowing the recycled hollow bricks to detach vertically in a non-contact manner, avoiding the scratch damage to the bricks caused by the forced extraction of traditional interference clamps. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0021] Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a method for preventing collisions during the transportation of recycled hollow bricks from construction waste, comprising the following steps: S1: Construct an arrayed inertial tensioning transport system and reset the dual-mode tensioning unit set on the rigid mandrel to the initial radial contraction state; S2: Insert the recycled hollow bricks sequentially along the axis of the rigid mandrel, and maintain a physical gap between adjacent recycled hollow bricks in the horizontal direction. S3: Drive the dual-mode tensioning unit to undergo radial expansion deformation, so that the outer surface of the dual-mode tensioning unit fits against the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick and applies static preload. S4: During transportation, the dual-mode tensioning unit responds to the external vertical acceleration and generates an inertial axial displacement relative to the rigid mandrel, and converts the inertial axial displacement into an additional radial clamping force acting on the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick. S5: Remove the driving force applied to the dual-mode tensioning unit to retract and reset it, and unload the recycled hollow brick from the rigid mandrel.

[0022] In S1, constructing an arrayed inertial tension transport system involves not only the assembly of components but, more importantly, the establishment of defined geometric constraints to achieve subsequent levitation transport. The specific implementation process, considering the topological layout of the arrayed base and rigid mandrel, includes the following sub-steps: Establish a load-bearing reference plane. The arrayed base uses high-strength metal plates or welded steel frames as its main structure, with its upper surface machined as a horizontal reference plane. The dimensions of the arrayed base are adapted to the size of standard logistics pallets or the floor of transport vehicles. Regarding the specific material selection, welding process, and corrosion protection treatment of the arrayed base, those skilled in the art can select appropriate national standard channel steel or rectangular tubes for manufacturing according to load requirements; these are well-known technologies in the field and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0023] Define the array topological coordinates of the rigid mandrels. The rigid mandrels are vertically fixed to the upper surface of the arrayed base, and their spatial arrangement forms a one-to-one mapping with the hole distribution characteristics of the recycled hollow bricks to be transported. In the XY plane coordinate system defined by the arrayed base, the axis coordinates of the rigid mandrels are located according to the standard hole spacing of the recycled hollow bricks. As the mounting carrier for the subsequent dual-mode tensioning unit, the rigid mandrels are themselves made of high-rigidity round steel or thick-walled seamless steel pipe to ensure that they do not undergo bending deformation sufficient to cause the bricks to contact each other under transport loads.

[0024] Constructing physical isolation gaps is a key geometric parameter setting for achieving lossless transportation. When determining the center-to-center distance of the rigid mandrels, instead of directly using the outer dimensions of the recycled hollow bricks for close arrangement, a preset isolation compensation value is introduced. Specifically, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent rigid mandrels along the X-axis is set to be greater than the standard width of the recycled hollow bricks along that direction; similarly, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent rigid mandrels along the Y-axis is set to be greater than the standard length of the recycled hollow bricks along that direction. The difference between the center-to-center distance and the standard dimension is the sum of the physical isolation gaps.

[0025] To achieve quantitative control of the gap, in this embodiment, the physical isolation gap is set to 2 mm to 5 mm. The selection principle for this gap value is to ensure that it can accommodate displacement deviations caused by slight elastic deformation of the rigid mandrel during transportation, preventing rigid collisions between the sides of adjacent recycled hollow bricks; and to avoid excessively large gaps that would significantly reduce the space utilization of the arrayed base. Through the above-mentioned setting of the center distance, when the recycled hollow brick is fitted into the rigid mandrel and locked, each recycled hollow brick is spatially surrounded by an independent air layer, forming a discrete, non-contacting suspended array.

[0026] The rigid mandrel is configured with internal functional channels to accommodate the driving requirements of the subsequent dual-modal tensioning unit. It is designed as a hollow structure or has guide grooves on its sidewalls. The internal space of the rigid mandrel houses the drive linkage or transmission lead screw, and its sidewalls have windows for the radial extension of the flexible components or guide surfaces for the sliding of the inertial components. This structural design ensures that the rigid mandrel serves both as a structural support bearing shear loads and as a stator guiding the tensioning action as a functional actuator.

[0027] In the process of constructing an arrayed inertial tensioning transport system, the dual-modal tensioning unit, as the end effector that directly performs fixing and damping functions, is configured and assembled through the following sub-steps: A flexible contact flap is configured as a medium layer that contacts the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick. The flexible contact flap is constructed as a cylindrical structure or a segmented structure that is circumferentially distributed around a rigid core shaft. In terms of material selection, the flexible contact flap is made of a viscoelastic material with high damping characteristics and high wear resistance, preferably a polyurethane elastomer or modified industrial rubber with a Shore hardness of 70A to 90A.

[0028] The outer peripheral surface of the flexible contact flap is molded with anti-slip texture or raised micro-tooth structure to increase the coefficient of friction and mechanical engagement with the rough inner wall of the recycled hollow brick during radial expansion. The inner wall of the flexible contact flap is machined with a force-bearing inclined surface for mating with the drive assembly. This force-bearing inclined surface is axially divided into two independent regions: a first force-bearing conical surface region for receiving static driving force and a second force-bearing conical surface region for receiving inertial driving force.

[0029] A static preload wedge is installed to provide basic holding force. The static preload wedge is disposed within the internal space of the flexible contact valve and is drively connected to a central drive rod located inside or beside the rigid mandrel. The outer surface of the static preload wedge is machined to a first drive cone surface that matches the first force-bearing cone surface area of ​​the flexible contact valve. The static preload wedge is configured to have only one degree of freedom of movement along the axial direction of the rigid mandrel, and this movement is controlled by an external active drive source. When the static preload wedge undergoes axial displacement, the wedge-shaped engagement of the first drive cone surface with the first force-bearing cone surface area forces the flexible contact valve to undergo radial expansion deformation.

[0030] A dynamic inertial slider is used to establish an inertial gain mechanism. This dynamic inertial slider is the core component for achieving passive adaptive clamping, and it is constructed as a ring-shaped metal member with a preset mass density. The dynamic inertial slider is coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the rigid mandrel and located within the internal cavity of the flexible contact flap. Unlike the static pre-tightening wedge, the dynamic inertial slider is not fixed to any active drive source but is suspended via a sliding fit, giving it an independent degree of freedom to slide along the axis of the rigid mandrel. The outer surface of the dynamic inertial slider is machined into a gain cone surface in the shape of an inverted frustum, which forms a dynamic fit with the second force-bearing cone surface area inside the flexible contact flap.

[0031] An elastic reset element is installed between the dynamic inertial slider and the fixed step or static preload wedge of the rigid spindle to ensure that the system can automatically return to the initial state after unloading. Such an elastic reset element is provided, for example, a cylindrical helical compression spring or a wave spring.

[0032] The elastic reset element provides axial elastic support force to balance the weight of the dynamic inertial slider and keep it in a non-working or low preload position when there is no external violent acceleration, thus avoiding excessive additional stress on the flexible contact flap during smooth transportation.

[0033] By constructing a dual-modal force transmission path, two parallel force transmission paths are formed within the dual-modal tensioning unit through the assembly of the aforementioned components: The first path is dominated by static pre-tightening wedges, providing constant radial pressure sufficient to overcome the static slippage tendency of recycled hollow bricks; the second path is dominated by dynamic inertial sliders, which utilize the vertical impact acceleration during transportation to generate inertial force. This inertial force acts directly on the flexible contact flap, superimposing to generate dynamically changing additional radial pressure. Although the two sets of components are located inside the flexible contact flap, they are functionally decoupled and do not interfere with each other.

[0034] To ensure that the recycled hollow bricks can be smoothly and unimpededly loaded onto the arrayed base, the geometry of the dual-mode tensioning unit must be strictly initialized. This initialization process includes the following specific sub-steps: Release the active drive load. Control the central drive mechanism connected to the rigid spindle to move to the relaxation limit point, causing the static preload wedge to retract axially to the non-working area. In this position, the outer drive cone surface of the static preload wedge separates from the inner force-bearing surface of the flexible contact valve, or maintains contact but does not generate radial compressive stress. Simultaneously, the elastic reset element is in a free-extended or pre-compressed state, pushing the dynamic inertial slider to the initial equilibrium position away from the gain stroke of the flexible contact valve, ensuring that the inertial triggering mechanism is inactive in the static state.

[0035] Radial retraction is achieved by utilizing the material's springback properties. Based on the inherent elastic modulus and structural memory of its polyurethane or rubber substrate, the flexible contact flap automatically undergoes centripetal contraction deformation after losing the radial support force of its internal wedge-shaped components. For a segmented flexible contact flap structure, each segment unit moves towards the center of the rigid mandrel under the auxiliary binding force of annular springs or elastic bands. For a flexible contact flap with an integral cylindrical structure, it recovers to its minimum diameter state by relying on its own circumferential contraction stress.

[0036] Define fit tolerances and safety thresholds. In the initial shrinkage state, the maximum diameter of the outer contour of the bimodal tensioning unit is strictly limited to be smaller than the minimum design aperture of the inner hole of the recycled hollow brick.

[0037] Specifically, an assembly gap of 0.5 mm to 2 mm is set between the outer surface of the dual-modal tensioning unit and the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick. This gap value fully considers the dimensional errors, hole distortions and residual concrete burrs that may occur during the production of recycled hollow bricks. This ensures that the bricks can be smoothly fitted in during the batch rapid loading process without precise positioning, avoiding loading jamming or pre-damage to the bricks due to interference fit.

[0038] To verify the geometric interference of the system, before the start of the batch loading operation, the consistency of the status of all dual-mode tensioning units on the arrayed base is checked to confirm that all flexible contact petals have been completely retracted into the projection range of the rigid mandrel or the preset safety envelope, ensuring that no protruding parts exceed the above-mentioned safety envelope, thereby ensuring the absolute unobstructedness of the loading channel.

[0039] In the non-contact floating stacking packing process, the axial insertion and vertical bearing steps aim to build a stable vertical stacking structure while ensuring that the bricks do not suffer mechanical damage on the loading path. The specific implementation process includes the following sub-steps: The process involves positioning and guiding the recycled hollow bricks using automated gripping equipment or manual lifting tools. The bricks are moved above the arrayed base, and the inner hole axis of the recycled hollow brick is aligned with the center axis of the corresponding rigid mandrel using a vision recognition system or mechanical limiting fixtures. Throughout this process, the bottom surface of the recycled hollow brick is kept level, and its perpendicularity deviation from the rigid mandrel is controlled within the allowable guiding tolerance range to prevent jamming or scraping during insertion.

[0040] A non-destructive axial insertion is implemented to control the vertical descent of the recycled hollow brick along the rigid mandrel. Since the dual-mode tensioning unit is pre-set to its initial contracted state with an assembly gap in S1, the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick remains in non-contact or only has very weak flexible contact with the outer surface of the dual-mode tensioning unit during descent. The rigid mandrel acts as a guide rail throughout the entire process, limiting the swing amplitude of the recycled hollow brick in the horizontal plane and ensuring its smooth descent along the predetermined trajectory.

[0041] A flexible bearing interface is established at the bottom layer. When the first layer of recycled hollow bricks descends to the surface of the arrayed base, its bottom surface does not directly contact the metal base, but sits on the pre-laid bottom damping layer.

[0042] The bottom damping layer is made of high-density rubber pads or composite energy-absorbing panels, with a thickness of 10 to 20 millimeters. When the bottom damping layer bears the weight of the first layer of bricks, it undergoes elastic compression deformation, which on the one hand eliminates the microscopic unevenness of the bottom surface of the bricks, and on the other hand, acts as the first vertical vibration isolation barrier, filtering high-frequency vibrations from the chassis of the transport vehicle.

[0043] A vertical load transfer chain is constructed, with subsequent recycled hollow bricks stacked sequentially on top of the previous layer. Between each layer of bricks, flexible interlayer spacers with a thickness of 1 mm to 3 mm are placed. These spacers are made of non-woven fabric, foam film, or corrugated cardboard. The gravity load of each layer of recycled hollow bricks is transferred vertically downwards through these spacers, ultimately borne by the arrayed base. In this stacked state, the rigid mandrel passes through the inner holes of all stacked bricks, but no radial constraint force is applied. The brick column as a whole maintains its vertical posture by gravity, preparing for the subsequent lateral suspension and locking stage. For a variant rigid mandrel with layered load-bearing steps, each layer of recycled hollow bricks rests on the corresponding step surface on the rigid mandrel, achieving independent vertical load-bearing and preventing the interlayer cumulative transfer of gravity.

[0044] After the axial insertion operation is completed, based on the aforementioned rigid mandrel topology, the system automatically achieves physical isolation of the recycled hollow bricks in the horizontal dimension. The specific process is as follows: A comprehensive physical gap is formed. After the recycled hollow bricks are positioned along the rigid mandrels, their positions are constrained to specific array nodes by the limiting effect of the rigid mandrels. Since the center-to-center distance between adjacent rigid mandrels is set to be greater than the corresponding outer dimensions of the recycled hollow bricks, there will inevitably be a predetermined spatial distance between the opposite side facades of any two adjacent recycled hollow bricks. This spatial distance is continuous in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, forming a physical gap.

[0045] An air gap is constructed. No solid supports or cushioning materials are filled within the physical gap; the gap is formed directly using air as the medium. In this embodiment, the width of the physical gap is maintained between 2 mm and 5 mm. This distance is sufficient to accommodate the slight elastic deformation that may occur in the rigid mandrel during transportation and the manufacturing tolerances of the recycled hollow bricks, ensuring that even under the most unfavorable combination of tolerances, the sides of adjacent bricks still cannot contact each other.

[0046] Establish a lateral suspension state. In this state, the recycled hollow brick is in an island-like mode in the horizontal direction. Its sidewalls are completely exposed to the air, without establishing a mechanical connection path with any adjacent objects. This state is defined as lateral suspension, which severs the chain of horizontal collision stress transmission within the brick array at the structural root, so that each recycled hollow brick only interacts mechanically with the rigid core shaft running through it, and does not interfere with the surrounding bricks.

[0047] After loading and levitation positioning of the recycled hollow bricks are completed, the system enters the static locking stage. This stage primarily relies on the static drive mechanism to provide active mechanical input force, and the specific implementation process includes the following sub-steps: A bottom actuation source is configured, and an actuation mechanism is provided in the bottom space or side operation window area of ​​the arrayed base. In a preferred embodiment, the actuation mechanism adopts a screw drive assembly, including an adjusting nut set at the bottom end of the rigid spindle and a lead screw shaft that cooperates with it; in another embodiment, a miniature hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic push rod can also be used as a power source.

[0048] As for the specific selection and installation method of the actuation mechanism, those skilled in the art can make conventional designs based on the required output force and ease of operation. This is a well-known technology in the field and will not be elaborated here.

[0049] Construct an internal transmission link. The rigid mandrel is designed as a hollow tubular structure, with a central drive rod coaxially passing through it. The central drive rod extends along the full length of the rigid mandrel and has sufficient tensile strength to withstand the accumulated reaction force when multiple layers of bricks are locked. The lower end of the central drive rod is connected to the bottom actuation mechanism, while the upper end extends freely to the top of the rigid mandrel.

[0050] A multi-layered cascaded connection is established. For several dual-mode tensioning units distributed in series on a single rigid mandrel, the static preload wedges inside are all fixedly connected to the same central drive rod by pins, snap rings, or threaded fasteners. This cascaded structure ensures that when the central drive rod undergoes axial displacement, all static preload wedges on the shaft can perform synchronous and equal-amplitude movements, thereby achieving synchronous locking of the entire stack of recycled hollow bricks.

[0051] The axial displacement input is executed, and the operator or automated control system drives the bottom actuation mechanism. This displacement is directly transmitted to the static pre-tightening wedges of each layer, breaking their initial relaxed equilibrium state and causing them to begin wedging into the interior of the flexible contact flap, providing the necessary geometric stroke input for the subsequent establishment of the friction pair.

[0052] With the activation of the static driving mechanism, the mechanical motion mode inside the dual-modal tensioning unit changes, thereby establishing a stable initial friction pair between the rigid mandrel and the recycled hollow brick. The specific implementation process includes the following sub-steps: Radial expansion conversion is performed. The axial linear displacement generated by the central drive rod driving the static preload wedge is converted into orthogonal radial driving force through the inclined plane engagement mechanism.

[0053] Specifically, the outer conical surface of the static pre-tightening wedge presses the first force-bearing conical surface inside the flexible contact valve along the axial direction. Since the static pre-tightening wedge is made of high-rigidity metal material and the flexible contact valve has elastic deformation capability, this pressing forces the flexible contact valve to expand radially outward along the rigid spindle, causing its outer contour diameter to gradually increase from the initial contracted state.

[0054] Eliminating assembly gaps and establishing a flexible fit, as the flexible contact petal continues to expand radially, its outer surface gradually approaches and eventually touches the inner hole wall of the recycled hollow brick. At this moment of contact, the high-damping viscoelastic material on the surface of the flexible contact petal undergoes local elastic compression deformation, filling the micro-textures and initial assembly gaps on the inner hole wall of the recycled hollow brick. Through this deformation, a tight micro-engagement is formed between the flexible contact petal and the rough inner hole wall, transforming the originally loose gap fit into a tight fit with a certain interference, and establishing a large-area effective frictional contact interface.

[0055] After the contact is completed, the drive mechanism continues to maintain a constant axial tension, keeping the static preload wedge in the preload position. This generates a constant radial positive pressure at the contact interface. This positive pressure, combined with the static friction resistance formed by the interface friction coefficient, constitutes the static locking force of the system.

[0056] The static locking force is set according to the principle of minimum necessity, that is, the force is sufficient to overcome the tendency of the recycled hollow brick to slip under its own weight and the influence of slight vibration when it is stationary or transported at a constant speed. However, the circumferential tensile stress generated by the radial positive pressure is strictly controlled to be less than half of the tensile strength limit of the recycled hollow brick material, so as to ensure that no stress crack propagation or brittle fracture of the brick body occurs under long-term locking.

[0057] In the dynamic inertial gain transport step, the system no longer relies solely on the static preload established by S3, but introduces a passive mechanical feedback mechanism based on Newton's law of inertia to transform external destructive impacts into constructive forces that strengthen the fixation. The specific implementation process includes the following sub-steps: Receives vertical impact excitation. When a transport vehicle carrying an arrayed inertial tensioning transport system travels on an uneven road surface, the undulations of the road surface are transmitted to the arrayed base through the vehicle chassis and suspension system. Since the rigid mandrel is vertically fixed to the arrayed base, the rigid mandrel generates instantaneous vertical acceleration. This acceleration is a random variable, and its direction mainly fluctuates along the vertical line of gravity, including an upward impact acceleration component and a downward rebound acceleration component.

[0058] This results in an inertial hysteresis effect. The dynamic inertial slider, acting as an inertial sensing and actuation element, is configured to be coaxially mounted on a rigid spindle and possess axial sliding freedom. Because the dynamic inertial slider has a pre-defined mass inertia and is not rigidly connected to the rigid spindle, when the rigid spindle undergoes a violent vertical acceleration within a very short time, the dynamic inertial slider cannot immediately obtain synchronized acceleration. According to the principle of inertia, the dynamic inertial slider tends to move in the opposite direction to the rigid spindle.

[0059] Exceeding the elastic constraint threshold, under stable driving or slight vibration conditions, the supporting force provided by the elastic reset element is sufficient to balance the self-weight of the dynamic inertial slider and the small inertial force it generates, keeping it in a non-operating equilibrium position. At this time, the inertial gain function is not activated. However, when the vertical acceleration caused by an external impact exceeds the preset trigger threshold, the instantaneous inertial force generated by the dynamic inertial slider exceeds the stiffness resistance of the elastic reset element. At this point, the elastic reset element is compressed or stretched, and the dynamic inertial slider breaks its equilibrium state, resulting in substantial relative slippage along the rigid spindle axis.

[0060] A relative actuation displacement is formed, and this relative slippage is the inertial response output. At the moment of strongest impact, the regenerated hollow brick often has the greatest risk of falling off, and at this time, the displacement of the dynamic inertial slider relative to the rigid mandrel also reaches its peak. This displacement is not only a change in position, but also a process of kinetic energy accumulation. The system utilizes this relative positional difference between the rigid mandrel and the dynamic inertial slider to provide the necessary kinematic input for the subsequent conversion of inertial force into radial clamping force, realizing purely mechanical impact sensing without the need for external sensors and electronic controllers.

[0061] After the system detects the inertial response displacement, the dual-mode tensioning unit utilizes its internal geometric wedge structure to efficiently convert axial kinetic energy into radial potential energy, achieving dynamic pressure tightening and locking of the recycled hollow bricks. The specific implementation process includes the following sub-steps: The dynamic wedging action is performed. When the dynamic inertial slider undergoes axial displacement relative to the rigid spindle, its outer gain cone surface interferes with the second force-bearing cone surface area inside the flexible contact flap. Driven by inertial force, the dynamic inertial slider forcibly embeds itself into the internal cavity of the flexible contact flap like a wedge. Because the material stiffness of the dynamic inertial slider is much higher than that of the flexible contact flap, this axial embedding motion forces the flexible contact flap to undergo further deformation to accommodate the volume intrusion of the dynamic inertial slider.

[0062] Orthogonal mechanical transformation is implemented. Based on the principle of inclined plane mechanics, the axial inertial force acting on the dynamic inertial slider is decomposed into two components through the gain cone surface: one is the frictional force tangential to the contact surface, and the other is the normal force perpendicular to the contact surface. The horizontal component of the normal force is the effective radial expansion force. The multiplication factor of this transformation process depends on the design of the half-cone angle of the gain cone surface. In this embodiment, the half-cone angle is set to 10 to 25 degrees, falling within the non-locking angle range, to ensure high sensitivity in force transmission, allowing the smaller axial inertial force to be amplified into a larger radial compressive force, while also enabling smooth withdrawal after the impact dissipates.

[0063] The superimposed radial stress generates a radial expansion force that acts directly on the inner wall of the flexible contact flap and is transmitted to the contact interface on the outer surface via the flexible material. This force is vector-superimposed on the original static preload, significantly increasing the pressure of the flexible contact flap on the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick. At this point, the flexible contact flap undergoes secondary elastic compression, and its surface micro-tooth structure is more deeply embedded in the texture of the brick's inner wall, greatly increasing the maximum static friction threshold of the interface.

[0064] An adaptive closed-loop feedback mechanism is established, creating a positive feedback loop at the physical level: the harsher the external transportation environment, the greater the vertical acceleration generated by vehicle bumps, the greater the inertial force generated by the dynamic inertial slider and the subsequent axial wedging depth, resulting in a stronger additional radial clamping force. This mechanism enables the locking strength of the dual-modal tensioning unit for the recycled hollow bricks to automatically adjust with changes in external load conditions, achieving a passive adaptive anti-fall-off function that "becomes stronger when encountering stronger conditions," without the need for any electronic sensing or active control intervention.

[0065] While the dual-modal tensioning unit utilizes inertial gain to generate high-strength radial clamping, in order to prevent excessive rigid clamping force from damaging the brittle recycled hollow bricks under vibrational alternating stress, the system utilizes the material properties of the flexible contact flap to construct an energy dissipation mechanism. The specific implementation process includes the following sub-steps: Utilizing the viscoelastic hysteresis effect to dissipate energy, the matrix material of the flexible contact flap is selected from viscoelastic polymers with high loss factors, such as high-damping polyurethane elastomers. When vibrational energy during transportation is transferred to the flexible contact flap, the polymer chains within the material undergo relative slippage and friction. During this process, the material's strain response lags behind the stress input, forming a stress-strain hysteresis loop. In each vibration cycle, the area enclosed by the hysteresis loop represents the dissipated mechanical energy, which is converted into micro-heat and dissipated into the surrounding environment, thus achieving internal attenuation of vibrational energy.

[0066] A shear deformation isolation layer is constructed. Under dynamic locking, the inner surface of the flexible contact flap is rigidly supported by a static pre-tightening wedge and a dynamic inertial slider, remaining relatively stationary or experiencing low-amplitude vibration. Meanwhile, its outer surface is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick, which vibrates violently with the vehicle floor. This difference in motion between the inner and outer boundaries causes the flexible contact flap to generate periodic shear strain in the thickness direction. As a shear spring damper, the flexible contact flap establishes a non-rigid coupling zone between the rigid spindle and the recycled hollow brick, cutting off the direct rigid transmission path of the high-frequency shock wave.

[0067] To reduce peak impact stress, the system uses the synergistic effect of shear deformation and viscoelastic damping to smooth and fill the peaks of the externally input impact waveform. When the vertical acceleration changes abruptly, the flexible contact flap allows the regenerated hollow brick to generate a micrometer-level elastic displacement relative to the rigid core shaft. This tiny displacement prolongs the duration of the impact force, thereby significantly reducing the instantaneous peak stress acting on the inner wall of the regenerated hollow brick.

[0068] Preventing fretting wear. In traditional rigid transport and fixing methods, the minute relative movements between metal components and concrete products can lead to fretting wear or pulverization of the contact surfaces. In this embodiment, because the flexible contact petals maintain an interference fit with the recycled hollow bricks, and the micro-tooth structure on their surface interlocks with the inner wall of the brick, all micro-relative movements are converted into elastic and plastic deformation within the flexible contact petal material, rather than relative frictional sliding at the contact interface. This mechanism effectively protects the integrity of the internal pore structure of the recycled hollow bricks, preventing flaking or micro-crack propagation on the inner wall caused by transport vibrations.

[0069] When the transportation task is completed and the vehicle is stationary, there is no longer any external stimulus to induce an inertial response. The system then executes the mechanical unlocking and component return process, which includes the following sub-steps: Remove the static drive load. Perform the mechanical action opposite to the locking process by operating the actuation mechanism located at the bottom of the arrayed base.

[0070] Specifically, the drive screw assembly rotates in the opposite direction, or the hydraulic actuator is controlled to release pressure and return oil. The central drive rod connected to the actuation mechanism then generates a reverse axial displacement, causing all the static preload wedges connected in series on the rod to retract axially along the rigid spindle. During this process, the outer drive cone surface of the static preload wedges physically separates from the first force-bearing cone surface area inside the flexible contact flap, or the contact pressure drops to zero, thereby completely eliminating the basic radial support force applied by the static mechanism.

[0071] Automatic reset of the inertial gain component. Since the vehicle has stopped moving, the vertical impact acceleration acting on the system disappears, and the dynamic inertial slider loses its inertial force source to maintain its bias position. At this time, the elastic reset element, which may have been in a compressed or energy-storing state during transportation, releases its elastic potential energy, generating axial thrust. This thrust overcomes the frictional resistance between the dynamic inertial slider and the track, forcing the dynamic inertial slider to slide along the rigid spindle and return to the preset initial equilibrium position. As the dynamic inertial slider resets, its gain cone completely disengages from the second force-bearing cone area of ​​the flexible contact flap, ensuring the dynamic gain mechanism is released.

[0072] Confirm that the internal constraints have been released. After both the static preload wedge and the dynamic inertia slider have returned to their non-working positions, the internal cavity of the flexible contact flap is no longer subjected to radial compression from any rigid wedge. At this point, the rigid mandrel, static preload wedge, and dynamic inertia slider are all within the natural inner diameter range of the flexible contact flap in terms of radial dimensions. The mechanical interference constraints within the dual-mode tensioning unit have been completely removed, providing the necessary geometric space for the subsequent self-retraction of the flexible contact flap.

[0073] After the mechanical unlocking of the internal components of the dual-modal tensioning unit is completed, the system utilizes the elastic potential energy of the materials and structure to restore the initial geometric state, thereby allowing for unloading operations with zero frictional resistance. The specific implementation process includes the following sub-steps: Radial elastic reset is performed. When the inner wall of the flexible contact flap loses the radial support of the static pre-tightening wedge and the dynamic inertial slider, its stored elastic deformation energy is released. For the flexible contact flap with an integral cylindrical structure, relying on the high elastic modulus and shape memory characteristics of the polyurethane or rubber substrate itself, a centripetal circumferential contraction stress is spontaneously generated, driving its outer peripheral surface to retract toward the center of the rigid spindle.

[0074] In embodiments employing a segmented structure, the flexible contact petal is also subject to an auxiliary binding force from an elastic hoop or an embedded annular spring pre-fitted around its periphery. This auxiliary binding force forces each segmented unit to synchronously retract inward until it abuts against the outer wall or limiting step of the rigid mandrel, returning to its minimum diameter state.

[0075] By reconstructing the physical isolation gap, as the flexible contact petal retracts radially, the micro-tooth structure on its outer surface completely exits the texture of the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick. At this point, the outer diameter of the flexible contact petal is again smaller than the inner diameter of the recycled hollow brick, and the contact interface between the two is physically separated. An annular air gap with a width of 0.5 mm to 2 mm is re-established between the flexible contact petal and the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick. This process ensures that there is no longer any mechanical interlocking or frictional connection between the recycled hollow brick and the dual-modal tensioning unit, allowing the brick to return to a state of lateral suspension and axial freedom.

[0076] Vertical unloading is implemented. External lifting equipment or automated clamps are used to grasp the recycled hollow bricks, and a vertically upward lifting force is applied. The recycled hollow bricks move upward along the axis of the rigid mandrel, detaching from the arrayed base. During this unloading process, the rigid mandrel again functions as a guide rail, limiting the horizontal swing amplitude of the recycled hollow bricks and preventing them from colliding hard with adjacent bricks or the rigid mandrel due to a shift in the center of gravity during lifting. Due to the aforementioned physical isolation gap, the inner wall of the recycled hollow brick remains in non-contact with the flexible contact petals throughout the entire stroke, achieving frictionless and wear-free unloading.

Claims

1. A method for preventing a building waste recycled hollow brick from being damaged during transportation, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: control the static pre-tightening wedge to be in a non-working position, and use an elastic reset element to keep the dynamic inertia slider in an initial balance position, so that the flexible contact petals are in a radially contracted state under the action of self-elasticity or auxiliary binding force; S2: vertically fit the recycled hollow bricks along the rigid core shaft in an axial direction, leave an assembly gap between the inner hole wall surface of the recycled hollow bricks and the flexible contact petals, and form lateral space isolation between adjacent recycled hollow bricks; S3: drive the static pre-tightening wedge to move axially and wedge into the inner side of the flexible contact petals, force the flexible contact petals to produce radial expansion deformation, until the outer surface of the flexible contact petals is tightly fitted to the inner hole wall surface of the recycled hollow bricks, and static friction connection is established; S4: during transportation, when the rigid core shaft is subjected to vertical impact and the acceleration exceeds a preset threshold value, use the mass inertia of the dynamic inertia slider to make it produce axial displacement relative to the rigid core shaft, the dynamic inertia slider wedges into the inner side of the flexible contact petals, and converts the axial inertia force into additional radial expansion force superimposed on the static friction connection; S5: remove the driving force of the static pre-tightening wedge, and use the elastic reset element to drive the dynamic inertia slider to reset, so that the flexible contact petals elastically retract to the assembly gap state, and the recycled hollow bricks are moved axially out.

2. The method for preventing the building garbage recycled hollow brick from being damaged during transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the lateral space isolation is formed in the following manner: The center axis distance of adjacent rigid core shafts is greater than the maximum outer contour width of the corresponding recycled hollow bricks, so that after the recycled hollow bricks are positioned, a connected air gap is formed between the opposite side vertical surfaces of any two adjacent recycled hollow bricks, and the air gap is not filled with any solid support.

3. The method for preventing the building garbage recycled hollow brick from being damaged during transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the bearing mode of the recycled hollow bricks in the vertical direction is that the first layer of recycled hollow bricks is seated on the arrayed base surface on which a shock-absorbing damping layer is laid, and flexible spacers are laid between the subsequently stacked recycled hollow bricks; Or each layer of recycled hollow bricks is respectively seated on a preset layered bearing step of the rigid core shaft, and the rigid core shaft penetrates through the inner holes of all the stacked recycled hollow bricks.

4. The method for preventing the building garbage recycled hollow brick from being damaged during transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the specific implementation mode of the static locking is: Drive the central driving rod penetrating through the inside of the rigid core shaft to produce axial displacement through the actuating mechanism connected to the bottom of the rigid core shaft; The central driving rod drives the static pre-tightening wedge to move synchronously, and the first driving cone surface of the static pre-tightening wedge extrudes the first stress cone surface area inside the flexible contact petals, to realize radial expansion.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In S3, when the static friction connection is established, control the radial normal pressure generated by the static pre-tightening wedge, so that the circumferential tensile stress applied by the flexible contact petals to the recycled hollow bricks is less than a preset proportion of the tensile strength limit of the recycled hollow brick material, and the micro-tooth structure on the surface of the flexible contact petals is elastically embedded in the concave-convex texture of the inner hole wall surface of the recycled hollow bricks.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In S4, the triggering condition of the dynamic inertia gain is determined by the inertia mass of the dynamic inertia slider, the stiffness coefficient of the elastic return element, and the pre-compression amount; When the vertical acceleration caused by external impact causes the inertia force generated by the dynamic inertia slider to be greater than the sum of the current resistance and friction resistance of the elastic return element, the dynamic inertia slider breaks through the initial balance position and generates the axial displacement.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In S4, the process of converting the axial inertia force into additional radial expansion force is achieved through the slope matching: The outer side of the dynamic inertia slider is provided with a gain taper surface, and the inner side of the flexible contact petal body is provided with a second stress taper surface area; The matching angle of the gain taper surface and the second stress taper surface area is set to a non-self-locking angle, so that the dynamic inertia slider can be wedged under the action of inertia and can be withdrawn after the inertia force disappears.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In S4, it also includes a vibration energy dissipation process: The viscoelastic material properties of the flexible contact petal body are used to build a shear deformation layer between the rigid mandrel and the recycled hollow brick; When the rigid mandrel and the recycled hollow brick produce a small relative motion, the flexible contact petal body produces shear hysteresis deformation along the thickness direction, converts the vibration mechanical energy into heat energy for dissipation, and reduces the instantaneous peak impact stress acting on the inner hole wall surface of the recycled hollow brick.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In S5, the specific process of resetting the dynamic inertia slider is: When the vehicle is stationary or the vertical impact acceleration is lower than the preset threshold, the elastic return element releases the elastic potential energy, pushes the dynamic inertia slider to slide reversely along the rigid mandrel, until the dynamic inertia slider abuts against the limiting structure on the rigid mandrel, so that the gain taper surface of the dynamic inertia slider is separated from the flexible contact petal body.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method of preventing damage to the recycled construction waste hollow bricks during transportation. In S5, the flexible contact petal body returning to the assembly gap state means: The outer surface of the flexible contact petal body is completely separated from the inner hole wall surface of the recycled hollow brick, and an annular gap with a one-side width of 0.5-2 mm is re-formed therebetween, so that the recycled hollow brick can be vertically lifted in a friction-free manner.

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