Tunnel anti-dislocation hinging measure flexible joint testing device and system

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel anti-dislocation hinging measure flexible joint testing device and system, and the device comprises a supporting frame which comprises a bottom plate and a top plate opposite to the bottom plate; the bottom power loading mechanism comprises a sample supporting assembly, the sample supporting assembly is installed on the bottom plate, the sample supporting assembly is used for fixing one end of a sample, and the sample supporting assembly is connected with a vertical power loading device; the bottom power loading mechanism further comprises a torque loading assembly. The torque loading assembly is configured to drive the sample supporting assembly to rotate around the axial direction of the sample supporting assembly. The top power loading mechanism comprises an axial power loading piece, the axial power loading piece is mounted on the top plate, one end, far away from the top plate, of the axial power loading piece is connected with a sample connecting piece, and the sample connecting piece is used for fixing the other end of a sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, specifically to a test device and system for flexible joints used in tunnel anti-fault hinged joints. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, multiple active faults exist in tunnel construction and planning. Most of these faults have experienced earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 or higher since the Holocene, posing a risk of further activity. Due to site selection issues, a large number of long tunnel projects, such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the Yunnan Central Water Diversion Project, inevitably cross active faults. These tunnel projects must prevent both the impact of seismic waves and the forced displacement caused by fault slippage. Slippage of either side or a single side of an active fault can cause displacement and deformation of the surrounding rock. This displacement can then lead to displacement and movement of the tunnel lining structure, and even stress concentration due to mutual compression between the surrounding rock and the tunnel structure, ultimately resulting in structural failure of the tunnel lining. Measures to prevent fault slippage in tunnels crossing faults can be divided into two main categories: first, reinforcing the surrounding rock to increase its bearing capacity; and second, improving the tunnel lining's adaptability to fault slippage.

[0003] In related technologies, articulated designs are used in tunnels traversing active faults to counteract fault displacement. These designs allow the tunnel lining to adapt to the fault displacement transmitted by the initial lining and buffer layer, much like a hinge. Deformation occurs at the flexible connection sections between the segmented linings, preventing large deformation and damage to the tunnel lining. By optimizing the selection of segmented lining lengths and the design of the flexible connection sections, minor displacement occurs in the lining within the main influence area of ​​the fault fracture zone, ensuring normal tunnel operation without deformation or damage to the tunnel lining.

[0004] Currently, research on articulation measures largely relies on large-scale physical model tests of fault displacement. Although various test devices exist to simulate fault displacement, the tunnel models used in these tests are often simplified due to scale limitations. This results in significant differences between the articulation design and the actual engineering design. While these devices can verify the effectiveness of articulation design in resisting fault displacement, they cannot reveal its failure mechanism or provide practical articulation design schemes for projects under different geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a test device and system for flexible joints in tunnel anti-fault hinged joints, which can solve the technical problem in related technologies that the simulation devices in the test are usually unable to reveal the failure mechanism of different forces on the lining due to the limitation of scale, and also cannot provide a realistic hinged joint design scheme for engineering under different geological conditions.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a testing device for flexible joints used in tunnel anti-fault hinged joints, comprising: a support frame, the support frame including a base plate and a top plate disposed opposite to the base plate; a bottom dynamic loading mechanism, the bottom dynamic loading mechanism including a sample support assembly, the sample support assembly being installed on the base plate, the sample support assembly being used to fix one end of a sample, the sample support assembly being connected to a vertical dynamic loading device; the bottom dynamic loading mechanism further including a torque loading assembly, the torque loading assembly being configured to drive the sample support assembly to rotate about the axial direction of the sample support assembly; and a top dynamic loading mechanism, the top dynamic loading mechanism including an axial dynamic loading member, the axial dynamic loading member being installed on the top plate, the end of the axial dynamic loading member away from the top plate being connected to a sample connector, the sample connector being used to fix the other end of the sample.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the top dynamic loading mechanism further includes a moment beam, which is sandwiched between the axial dynamic loading member and the sample connector, and extends along an axial direction perpendicular to the axial dynamic loading member; both ends of the moment beam are connected to moment cylinders, and the moment cylinders are installed on the side wall of the support frame.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, both ends of the bending moment beam are fixed with arc-shaped connecting plates, and the opposite side walls of the support frame are respectively provided with arc-shaped grooves that cooperate with the arc-shaped connecting plates, and multiple ball bearings are installed in the arc-shaped grooves; the bending moment cylinder is arranged vertically with the arc-shaped connecting plates, and the piston rod of the bending moment cylinder is connected to the side of the bending moment beam near the arc-shaped connecting plates.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the top dynamic loading mechanism further includes a first slewing support mechanism, which is sandwiched between the bending moment beam and the sample connector, with the inner ring of the first slewing support mechanism fixed to the bending moment beam and the outer ring of the first slewing support mechanism fixed to the sample connector.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the side of the moment beam near the first slewing support mechanism is connected to a plurality of first limiting baffles, and the plurality of first limiting baffles are spaced apart from the first slewing support mechanism along the radial direction of the first slewing support mechanism; the side of the sample connector near the moment beam is connected to a plurality of second limiting baffles that respectively cooperate with the first limiting baffles.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, a slide rail is installed on the side of the base plate near the top plate, the slide rail extends along the length direction of the bending moment beam, and the sample support assembly is slidably installed on the slide rail; limit components are installed on both opposite side walls of the support frame, and the limit components are configured to drive the sample support assembly to move along the slide rail.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, each of the limiting components includes a driving mechanism and a clamping mechanism connected to the driving mechanism. The clamping mechanism includes a fixing member connected to the driving mechanism. A first clamping member and a second clamping member are connected to the side of the fixing member away from the driving mechanism. The first clamping member and the second clamping member are at an angle to each other, and rollers are connected to the side of the first clamping member and the second clamping member away from the fixing member. The axis of the rollers is parallel to the axis of the sample support assembly.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the driving mechanism includes: a horizontal power loading cylinder, one end of which is fixed to the side wall, and the piston rod of which is connected to the fixing member; at least two shearing cylinders, which are installed on opposite sides of the horizontal power loading cylinder, and all of which are installed on the side wall, and the piston rods of which are connected to the fixing member.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the sample support assembly includes: a torque base, which is slidably mounted on the slide rail, with a mounting hole in the center of the torque base, the mounting hole being coaxially arranged with the torque base, the vertical power loading device being mounted in the mounting hole, the torque loading assembly being mounted on the periphery of the torque base, and the output shaft of the torque loading assembly being connected to a drive gear; a second rotary support mechanism, the inner ring of the second rotary support mechanism being fixed to the torque base, and the outer ring of the second rotary support mechanism being provided with an outer ring gear meshing with the drive gear; a turntable, the turntable being fixed to the outer ring of the second rotary support mechanism, and the turntable being mounted on the side of the second rotary support mechanism away from the torque base, the turntable having a through hole, the through hole being coaxially arranged with the mounting hole; and a load-bearing plate, the load-bearing plate being mounted on the side of the turntable away from the torque base, the power shaft of the vertical power loading device passing through the through hole and fitting against the load-bearing plate.

[0015] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a test system for flexible joints of tunnel anti-fault hinged joints, which includes the test device for flexible joints of tunnel anti-fault hinged joints as described above. The flexible joint test system further includes: a specimen, the specimen including an upper half lining and a lower half lining, the upper half lining and the lower half lining being connected by a waterstop; the upper half lining being connected to a specimen connector, and the lower half lining being connected to a specimen support assembly.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include: By fixing the two ends of the specimen with the specimen support assembly and the specimen connector respectively, the tunnel lining of two adjacent sections connected by the hinged structure can be simulated. The vertical dynamic loading device applies a force to the lining at one end, and the axial dynamic loading device applies a force to the lining at the other end. This can simulate the relative force and displacement difference generated between the two adjacent tunnel lining sections when the fault is displaced. In addition, the moment loading assembly drives the specimen support assembly to rotate around the axial direction, which can also simulate the torsional shear force that may be caused by the fault. This can restore the stress faced by the tunnel lining in actual engineering as much as possible. Furthermore, the stable support frame can ensure the accurate transmission of loading forces in all directions as much as possible. It can capture the stress distribution, deformation process and failure details of the hinged structure under real stress, and thus reveal its failure mechanism. This provides a realistic design basis for different geological conditions and solves the technical problem that the simulation device in the experiment usually cannot reveal the failure mechanism of different forces on the lining in related technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the flexible joint testing device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the flexible joint testing device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural diagram illustrating the connection between the driving mechanism and the clamping mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the position and structure of the top power loading mechanism and the bending moment cylinder provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram illustrating the connection between the moment beam and the specimen connector provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6A side view of the torque loading assembly connected to the torque base according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the bottom power loading mechanism and the limiting component provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Support frame; 11. Base plate; 12. Top plate; 13. Side wall; 131. Arc groove; 132. Ball bearings; 2. Bottom power loading mechanism; 21. Sample support assembly; 211. Torque base; 212. Second rotary support mechanism; 2121. Outer ring gear; 213. Turntable; 2131. Through hole; 214. Support plate; 22. Vertical power loading device; 23. Torque loading assembly; 231. Drive gear; 3. Top dynamic loading mechanism; 31. Axial dynamic loading component; 32. Sample connecting component; 321. Second limiting baffle; 33. Bending moment beam; 331. Arc-shaped connecting plate; 332. First limiting baffle; 34. First slewing support mechanism; 4. Moment cylinder; 5. Limiting assembly; 51. Drive mechanism; 511. Horizontal power loading cylinder; 512. Shearing cylinder; 52. Clamping mechanism; 521. Fixing component; 522. First clamping component; 523. Second clamping component; 524. Roller; 6. Slide rail; 7. Sample. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely one example of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] This application provides a test device for flexible joints in tunnel anti-fault hinged joints, which can solve the technical problem in related technologies where the simulation device in the test is usually unable to reveal the failure mechanism of different forces on the lining due to the limitation of scale, and also cannot provide a realistic hinged joint design scheme for engineering under different geological conditions.

[0022] See Figure 1The diagram shows a test device for a flexible joint in a tunnel anti-fault hinged joint, provided in an embodiment of this application. It may include: a support frame 1, comprising a base plate 11 and a top plate 12 opposite to the base plate 11; a bottom dynamic loading mechanism 2, comprising a sample support assembly 21 mounted on the base plate 11, the sample support assembly 21 used to fix one end of a sample 7, and the sample support assembly 21 connected to a vertical dynamic loading device 22; the bottom dynamic loading mechanism 2 further includes a torque loading assembly 23 configured to drive the sample support assembly 21 to rotate about its axial direction; and a top dynamic loading mechanism 3, comprising an axial dynamic loading member 31 mounted on the top plate 12, the end of the axial dynamic loading member 31 away from the top plate 12 connected to a sample connector 32, the sample connector 32 used to fix the other end of the sample 7. It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, both the vertical dynamic loading device 22 of the bottom dynamic loading mechanism 2 and the axial dynamic loading member 31 of the top dynamic loading mechanism 3 can apply a vertical force to the specimen 7 during the test. The vertical dynamic loading device 22 applies a vertical force to the lower half of the lining of the specimen 7. The specimen 7 may include an upper half lining and a lower half lining, which are connected by a waterstop.

[0023] In this embodiment, the two ends of the sample 7 are fixed by the sample support assembly 21 and the sample connector 32, respectively, which can simulate the tunnel lining of two adjacent sections connected by a hinged structure. The support frame 1 can serve as the load-bearing foundation of the entire test device. The bottom plate 11 and the top plate 12 are located on opposite sides of the support frame 1, and are parallel and spaced apart, which can provide rigid support for the stable installation of various dynamic loading devices and the testing process of the sample 7. The vertical dynamic loading device 22 applies a force to the lining at one end, and the axial dynamic loading component 31 applies a force to the lining at the other end, which can simulate the relative force and displacement difference generated by the two adjacent tunnel lining sections during fault displacement. In addition, the torque loading assembly 23 drives the sample support assembly 21 to rotate around the axial direction, which can also simulate the torsional shear force that may be caused by fault displacement. Specifically, the torque loading assembly 23 can drive the sample support assembly 21 to rotate around its own axial direction, thereby driving the bottom of the sample 7 to rotate synchronously, thus simulating the torsional load that the flexible joint may bear in actual engineering. In this embodiment, the torque loading component 23, the vertical dynamic loading device 22, and the axial dynamic loading component 31 can apply independent forces to the sample 7, or they can apply a composite loading of two or three forces simultaneously, in order to reproduce as accurately as possible the composite stress faced by the tunnel lining in actual engineering. The stable support frame 1 ensures the accurate transmission of loading forces in all directions, and can capture the stress distribution, deformation process, and failure details of the hinged structure under real stress, thereby revealing its failure mechanism. This provides a realistic design basis for different geological conditions and solves the technical problem in related technologies that simulation devices in experiments usually cannot reveal the failure mechanism of different forces on the lining.

[0024] In some optional embodiments, the top dynamic loading mechanism 3 may further include a moment beam 33, which is sandwiched between the axial dynamic loading member 31 and the sample connector 32. The moment beam 33 extends along an axial direction perpendicular to the axial dynamic loading member 31. Both ends of the moment beam 33 are connected to moment cylinders 4, which are mounted on the side walls 13 of the support frame 1. In this embodiment, the axial dynamic loading member 31 may be an axial pressure cylinder, and the coordinated action of the moment cylinders 4 on both sides can apply a reverse force to the moment beam 33, thereby achieving moment loading on the sample 7. The axial pressure cylinder is fixed to the top plate 12. The piston rod of the axial pressure cylinder is connected to the bending moment beam 33 through a force transmission shaft. This allows the axial pressure cylinder to stably transmit pressure load along the axial direction of the sample 7, while allowing the bending moment beam 33 to rotate around the pin shaft at a certain angle under the drive of the bending moment cylinder 4. This ensures the stable transmission of axial force and the independent realization of bending moment action during bending moment loading, without interference between them. This guarantees the stability of axial loading and allows the bending moment of a preset size to be applied to the sample 7 through the differentiated expansion and contraction of the bending moment cylinders 4 at both ends of the bending moment beam 33. This can simulate the combined axial pressure and bending moment stress conditions that the flexible joint may bear in actual engineering. Preferably, an angle encoder is provided at the force transmission shaft to measure the angle during bending moment loading.

[0025] See Figure 4As shown, in some optional embodiments, both ends of the bending moment beam 33 are fixed with arc-shaped connecting plates 331, and the opposite side walls 13 of the support frame 1 are respectively provided with arc-shaped grooves 131 that cooperate with the arc-shaped connecting plates 331. Multiple balls 132 are installed in the arc-shaped grooves 131. The bending moment cylinder 4 is arranged vertically with the arc-shaped connecting plates 331, and the piston rod of the bending moment cylinder 4 is connected to the side of the bending moment beam 33 near the arc-shaped connecting plates 331. That is, the two ends of the moment beam 33 are respectively connected to the two side walls 13 of the support frame 1 through the arc-shaped connecting plate 331. The extension direction of the moment beam 33 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the arc-shaped connecting plate 331, and the moment beam 33 and the arc-shaped connecting plate 331 can be integrally formed, with a stable structure that can adapt to the rotation trajectory when the moment is loaded. The arc of the arc groove 131 of the side wall 13 of the support frame 1 is consistent with the curvature of the arc-shaped connecting plate 331. The multiple balls 132 installed in the arc groove 131 can form a rolling friction fit structure, which can greatly reduce the frictional resistance when the moment beam 33 rotates and ensure smooth rotation. Furthermore, the bending moment cylinder 4 and the arc-shaped connecting plate 331 are arranged vertically. Specifically, the cylinder body of the bending moment cylinder 4 is fixed to the side wall 13 of the support frame 1 via a connecting block fixed to the side wall 13. The side of the arc-shaped connecting plate 331 at the end of its piston rod near the bending moment cylinder 4 is connected via a hinge seat or ball joint to ensure as much as possible that there is no additional bending moment interference during force transmission. At this time, the two ends of the bending moment beam 33 are respectively connected to the two side walls 13 of the support frame 1 via the arc-shaped connecting plate 331. With the help of the sliding fit between the arc-shaped connecting plate 331 and the arc-shaped groove 131 and the drag reduction effect of the ball 132, the rotation of the bending moment beam 33 is guided and supported. At the same time, the bending moment beam 33 is driven to rotate by the bending moment cylinders 4 arranged vertically. When the two bending moment cylinders 4 extend and retract synchronously, the horizontal posture of the bending moment beam 33 can be adjusted. When the two bending moment cylinders 4 extend and retract differently, the pushing and pulling force of the piston rod can drive the bending moment beam 33 to rotate around the connection point between the axial dynamic loading component 31 and the bending moment beam 33, thereby stably applying bending moment load to the sample 7. This structural design not only ensures the precise controllability of bending moment loading, but also works in conjunction with the axial loading structure to simulate composite stress conditions. At the same time, the arc structure and the ball bearing 132 can effectively disperse the force, improving the load-bearing capacity and service life of the device.

[0026] In this embodiment, when axial tension or compression is required on the specimen 7, the piston rod of the axial compression cylinder extends and retracts, transmitting the force to the specimen connector 32 via the bending moment beam 33, and then to the specimen 7. The bending moment beam 33 moves upward or downward with the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the axial compression cylinder, and the piston rod of the bending moment cylinder 4 also moves accordingly. The support frame 1 provides axial reaction force, thereby achieving axial tension or compression loading on the specimen 7. When axial tension or compression is applied, the upper half of the lining of the specimen 7 moves accordingly, the middle part of the specimen 7 is the main stress-bearing part, and the lower half of the lining is fixed to the specimen support assembly 21.

[0027] See Figure 5 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the top power loading mechanism 3 further includes a first rotary support mechanism 34, which is sandwiched between the bending moment beam 33 and the sample connector 32. The inner ring of the first rotary support mechanism 34 is fixed to the bending moment beam 33, and the outer ring of the first rotary support mechanism 34 is fixed to the sample connector 32. That is, the first rotary support mechanism 34 is connected to the end of the bending moment beam 33 away from the axial pressure cylinder, and the bending moment beam 33 is connected to the sample connector 32 through the first rotary support mechanism 34. It should be understood that the first slewing support structure is a slewing support in related technologies, which includes an inner and outer ring arranged coaxially. A steel ball is installed between the inner and outer rings to reduce friction when the inner and outer rings rotate relative to each other. In this embodiment, the inner ring of the first slewing support mechanism 34 is fixed to the bending moment beam 33, and the outer ring is fixed to the sample connector 32. This allows the axial force transmitted by the axial pressure cylinder to be transmitted to the sample connector 32 through the first slewing support mechanism 34 as much as possible, ensuring accurate and effective axial loading. It also allows the sample connector 32 to rotate freely with the outer ring relative to the inner ring of the bending moment beam 33. When the bottom torque loading component 23 drives the bottom of the sample 7 to rotate, the upper end of the sample 7 can drive the outer ring of the first rotary support mechanism 34 to rotate synchronously through the sample connector 32, so as to avoid additional stress generated by the moment beam 33 due to torque, and realize that torque loading and axial and moment loading are carried out independently and without interference. At the same time, this structure can also compensate for the small deformation of the sample 7 under combined stress, ensure that the force transmission in each loading direction is not affected by each other, further improve the simulation accuracy of the test device for actual working conditions, and ensure that the test data of the flexible joint's anti-fracture performance is true and reliable as much as possible.

[0028] In some optional embodiments, the moment beam 33 is connected to a plurality of first limiting baffles 332 on the side near the first slewing support mechanism 34, and the plurality of first limiting baffles 332 are spaced apart from the first slewing support mechanism 34 along the radial direction of the first slewing support mechanism 34; the sample connector 32 is connected to a plurality of second limiting baffles 321 on the side near the moment beam 33, which respectively cooperate with the first limiting baffles 332. It should be understood that the first limiting baffles 332 protrude from the connection point with the moment beam 33 along the radial direction of the first slewing support mechanism 34 toward the side near the first slewing support mechanism 34, and the second limiting baffles 321 protrude from the connection point with the sample connector 32 along the radial direction of the first slewing support mechanism 34 toward the side near the moment beam 33. In this embodiment, the cooperation of the first limiting baffle 332 and the second limiting baffle 321 can limit the maximum rotation angle of the sample connector 32 relative to the bending moment beam 33. That is, when the bottom torque loading component 23 drives the sample 7 and the sample connector 32 to rotate the outer ring of the first rotary support mechanism 34, the second limiting baffle 321 will rotate synchronously with the sample connector 32. When the rotation angle reaches the preset threshold, the second limiting baffle 321 will abut against the side of the corresponding first limiting baffle 332, thereby preventing the two from continuing to rotate relative to each other and ensuring the validity of the test results during torque loading. In other words, when torque loading is required on the sample 7, the lower half of the lining is rotated along the axial direction of the sample 7 only through the torque loading component 23. At this time, the upper half of the lining is kept at an angle limit by the cooperation of the first limiting baffle 332 and the second limiting baffle 321, so that the upper half of the lining does not rotate along the axial direction of the sample 7. In addition, the piston rods of the axial pressure cylinder and the bending moment cylinder 4 should also have a fixed extension and retraction amount to fix the upper half of the sample 7 in the vertical direction.

[0029] In some optional embodiments, a slide rail 6 is installed on the side of the base plate 11 near the top plate 12. The slide rail 6 extends along the length direction of the bending moment beam 33, and the sample support assembly 21 is slidably mounted on the slide rail 6. Limiting components 5 are installed on both opposite side walls 13 of the support frame 1. The limiting components 5 are configured to drive the sample support assembly 21 to move along the slide rail 6. That is, a slide rail 6 is installed on the top surface of the base plate 11, and a slider that cooperates with the slide rail 6 is installed on the bottom surface of the sample support assembly 21, so that the sample support assembly 21 can be slidably mounted on the slide rail 6. The slide rail 6 is configured to extend along the interval direction of the two side plates. When bending loading is required on specimen 7, the piston rod of the axial pressure cylinder remains at a fixed length, while the piston rods of the two bending cylinders move in opposite directions, pushing the bending moment beam 33 to tilt, thereby achieving bending loading on the test object. By driving the piston rods of the two bending cylinders to extend and retract by different displacements, the bending moment beam 33 can be controlled to rotate around the force transmission axis by a corresponding angle. This rotational action is transmitted to specimen 7 through the first rotary support mechanism 34 and the specimen connector 32, ultimately completing the bending loading process of specimen 7. The bending loading angle can be accurately measured by the angle encoder at the force transmission axis. During this process, the upper half of the lining of specimen 7 tilts with the bending moment beam 33, the middle waterstop of specimen 7 is the main stress-bearing part, and the lower half of the lining of specimen 7 is fixed to the specimen support assembly 21. To ensure that the center of gravity of specimen 7 does not fall during the bending loading process, the specimen support assembly 21 can drive specimen 7 to be pushed by the limiting assembly 5 on the slide rail 6 in the bending direction during the loading process.

[0030] See Figure 3 and Figure 7As shown, in some optional embodiments, each of the limiting components 5 includes a driving mechanism 51 and a clamping mechanism 52 connected to the driving mechanism 51. The clamping mechanism 52 includes a fixing member 521 connected to the driving mechanism 51. A first clamping member 522 and a second clamping member 523 are connected to the side of the fixing member 521 away from the driving mechanism 51. The first clamping member 522 and the second clamping member 523 are at an angle to each other. Rollers 524 are connected to the side of the first clamping member 522 and the second clamping member 523 away from the fixing member 521. The axis of the rollers 524 is parallel to the axis of the sample support assembly 21. In this embodiment, the clamping mechanism 52 can be driven by the driving mechanism 51 to move toward or away from the sample support assembly 21, so that the clamping mechanisms 52 connected to the two side walls 13 cooperate to clamp the sample support assembly 21 on both sides or away from the sample support assembly 21. It should be understood that after the two clamping mechanisms 52 connected to the two side walls 13 cooperate to clamp the sample support assembly 21, the sample support assembly 21 can be driven to move along the slide rail 6 under the cooperation of the two sets of driving mechanisms 51. Specifically, the first clamping member 522 and the second clamping member 523 can form a "V" shape, with one side of its opening close to the sample support assembly 21, which can adapt to the outer periphery of the sample support assembly 21 and form a multi-point fitting clamping effect. By respectively mounting rollers 524 on the first clamping member 522 and the second clamping member 523, the sample support assembly 21 can achieve rolling friction between itself and the rollers 524 when it is driven to rotate along its axial direction. This reduces resistance during relative movement, meaning that it can maintain rotation even with the clamping of the first clamping member 522 and the second clamping member 523. Preferably, the rollers 524 can also move along the height direction of the support frame 1 on the corresponding first clamping member 522 or the second clamping member 523, allowing the sample support assembly 21 to move vertically even when driven by the vertical power loading device 22 and clamped by the first clamping member 522 and the second clamping member 523.

[0031] In this embodiment, the shear slippage can be verified by the cooperation of the slide rail 6 and the limiting component 5. Specifically, during the verification process, the piston rod extension and retraction of the axial pressure cylinder and the bending moment cylinder 4 are kept at a constant value to fix the upper half of the lining. The lower half of the lining is clamped by the clamping mechanism 52, which is fixed to the sample support component 21 and connected to the two side walls 13. The driving mechanism 51 is then driven so that the clamping mechanism 52 moves horizontally along the slide rail 6 under the drive of the driving mechanism 51. The lower half of the lining moves horizontally along with the sample support component 21. At this time, the waterstop in the middle of the sample 7 is subjected to shear slippage loading.

[0032] In some optional embodiments, the drive mechanism 51 may include: a horizontal power loading cylinder 511, one end of which is fixed to the side wall 13, and the piston rod of which is connected to the fixing member 521; at least two shearing cylinders 512, which are installed on opposite sides of the horizontal power loading cylinder 511, and all of which are installed on the side wall 13, and the piston rods of which are connected to the fixing member 521. In this embodiment, one end of the cylinder body of the horizontal power loading cylinder 511 is fixed to the side wall 13 of the support frame 1, and the free end of its piston rod is correspondingly connected to the fixing member 521 of the clamping mechanism 52, which can provide the main driving force in the horizontal direction; at least two shearing cylinders 512 are symmetrically installed on opposite sides of the horizontal power loading cylinder 511, and the cylinder bodies of the shearing cylinders 512 are also fixed to the side wall 13 of the support frame 1, and the piston rod ends are reliably connected to the fixing member 521 of the clamping mechanism 52, forming a multi-support power transmission structure. It should be understood that symmetrically arranging the two shearing cylinders 512 on opposite sides of the horizontal power loading cylinder 511 can effectively disperse the force on the fixing member 521, avoid the fixing member 521 from being overloaded or deformed under the action of a single driving force, and significantly enhance the overall stability of the connection between the fixing member 521 and the driving mechanism 51. In this embodiment, the horizontal dynamic loading cylinder 511 also has an independent low-frequency vibration output function. Under the premise that the clamping mechanism 52 keeps the sample support assembly 21 in a clamping state, the piston rod reciprocates and extends at a low frequency, and the clamping mechanism 52 applies a low-frequency vibration load in the horizontal direction to the sample support assembly 21. This allows the low-frequency vibration load to act on the sample 7, simulating the vibration conditions that the flexible joint may be subjected to in actual engineering. This further enriches the loading function of the testing device and provides more comprehensive working condition simulation support for the test of the flexible joint's resistance to breakage.

[0033] See Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, in some optional embodiments, the sample support assembly 21 may include: a torque base 211, which is slidably mounted on the slide rail 6, with a mounting hole in the middle of the torque base 211, the mounting hole being coaxially arranged with the torque base 211, the vertical power loading device 22 being mounted in the mounting hole, and the torque loading assembly 23 being mounted on the periphery of the torque base 211, with the output shaft of the torque loading assembly 23 connected to a drive gear 231; a second rotary support mechanism 212, the inner ring of which is fixed to the torque base 211, and the second rotary support... The mechanism 212 has an outer ring gear 2121 that meshes with the drive gear 231; a turntable 213 is fixed to the outer ring of the second rotary support mechanism 212 and is mounted on the side of the second rotary support mechanism 212 away from the torque base 211. The turntable 213 has a through hole 2131, which is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole; a support plate 214 is mounted on the side of the turntable 213 away from the torque base 211, and the power shaft of the vertical power loading device 22 passes through the through hole 2131 and is attached to the support plate 214. It should be understood that the torque loading assembly 23 may include a hydraulic motor, which is fixed to the periphery of the torque base 211. A drive gear 231 is mounted on the drive rod of the hydraulic motor, and the drive gear 231 meshes with the outer ring gear 2121 of the second rotary support mechanism 212, thereby driving the turntable 213 to rotate. The vertical dynamic loading device 22 is installed in the mounting hole, which is located at the center of the torque base 211. When the torque base 211 slides along the slide rail 6, the vertical dynamic loading device 22 also moves accordingly. The vertical dynamic loading device 22 can be a vertical dynamic loading cylinder. After the piston rod of the vertical dynamic loading cylinder passes through the middle hole of the second rotary mechanism itself and the through hole 2131 of the turntable 213, it can contact the bottom plate 11 of the support plate 214. Since the lower half of the lining is fixed to the side of the support plate 214 away from the turntable 213, the low-frequency vibration energy of the power shaft of the vertical dynamic loading cylinder can be transmitted to the sample 7 through the support plate 214.

[0034] In this embodiment, the second rotary support mechanism 212 can have the same structure as the first rotary support mechanism. In this case, the second rotary support mechanism 212 acts as a rotating component. Its inner ring can be firmly fixed to the upper end face of the torque base 211 by bolts. The outer ring is integrally formed with an outer ring gear 2121, which meshes with the drive gear 231 of the torque loading component 23 to form a stable gear transmission structure. The turntable 213 and the outer ring of the second rotary support mechanism 212 can be fixedly connected by welding or bolt fastening, and the turntable 213 is attached to the second rotary support mechanism 212 away from the torque base. On one side of 211, a through hole 2131 coaxially arranged with the mounting hole of the torque base 211 is provided in the middle of the turntable 213 to provide a clearance passage for the power shaft of the vertical power loading device 22; the load-bearing plate 214 is connected to the turntable 213 by having multiple protrusions protruding on the top surface of the turntable 213 and multiple grooves that match the protrusions on the bottom surface of the load-bearing plate 214. After the load-bearing plate 214 is connected to the turntable 213, it serves as the direct load-bearing component at the bottom of the sample 7. The power shaft of the vertical power loading device 22 passes through the through hole 2131 of the turntable 213 and fits against the lower end face of the load-bearing plate 214 to ensure the effectiveness of force transmission.

[0035] In some optional embodiments, a cavity may be provided inside the sample 7, and a water injection hole and a water injection channel communicating with the water injection hole may be provided on the sample connector 32. The water injection channel is connected to the cavity inside the sample 7. Water is injected into the cavity inside the sample 7 through the water injection hole and the water injection pipe of the sample connector 32 to pressurize it. The water injection pressure is monitored in real time by a precision sensor and fed back to the control system to ensure that the pressure is stable and controllable.

[0036] This application embodiment also provides a test system for flexible joints of tunnel anti-fault hinged joints, which may include the aforementioned test device for flexible joints of tunnel anti-fault hinged joints. The flexible joint test system may further include: a specimen 7, the specimen 7 including an upper half lining and a lower half lining, the upper half lining and the lower half lining being connected by a waterstop; the upper half lining being connected to the specimen connector 32, and the lower half lining being connected to the specimen support assembly 21. In this embodiment, the sample 7 can be integrally cast using reinforcing steel, concrete, a centrally embedded waterstop, and pre-embedded bolts to form a structure of upper lining – waterstop – lower lining. The two lining sections are disconnected, connected by a centrally embedded waterstop. High-density polyethylene foam board can be filled into the gaps of the waterstop. The waterstop and the filled high-density polyethylene foam board together form a flexible connection. Several pre-embedded bolts are uniformly cast circumferentially at both ends of the lining and connected to the sample connector 32 and the load-bearing plate 214 respectively through the pre-embedded bolts in the upper and lower linings. Metal sleeves are used to tighten the outer periphery of both the upper and lower linings. One end of the metal sleeves on the outer periphery of the upper and lower linings is connected to the sample connector 32 and the load-bearing plate 214 respectively through pins. Forklift parts can be installed on the outside of the metal sleeves outside the lower lining for forklift movement of the test object. Furthermore, a high-temperature heating strip can be wrapped around the outer periphery of the waterstop for heating.

[0037] In this embodiment, a single load application can include axial tension / compression, bending load, shear displacement, torsional load, dynamic load, internal water injection pressurization, and high-temperature aging simulation of flexible connection parts. Composite loading can simultaneously apply multiple single functions, i.e., achieve tension, compression, bending, shear, torsion, and combined mechanical loading, simulating complex mechanical behaviors under conditions of creep, stick-slip, vibration, high water pressure, and high temperature, and more realistically simulating the fault-resistant effect of hinged linings in fault displacement. Taking the simultaneous application of bending, axial compression, and shear loads to sample 7 as an example, the specific operation steps can be: S1: Assemble the test device for flexible joint of tunnel anti-fault hinged joint measures, fix the sample 7 between the sample connector 32 and the load-bearing plate 214, adjust the piston rod of the axial pressure cylinder to the set position to eliminate the influence of the upper half lining pipe weight of the sample 7 on the flexible connection part, adjust the bending moment beam 33 and the two bending moment cylinders 4 to ensure that the sample connector 32 is in a horizontal state and will not apply bending external force to the sample 7 in advance.

[0038] S2: The piston rod of the fixed axial pressure cylinder remains at its existing length, the piston rod of one of the bending moment cylinders 4 extends to a set length, and the piston rod of the other bending moment cylinder 4 extends to a different set length. The bending moment beam 33 tilts, which can achieve bending loading on the sample 7.

[0039] S3: Maintaining the state of S2, the piston rod of the drive shaft pressure cylinder extends to the set length, which can realize the axial pressure loading on the sample 7.

[0040] S4: Maintaining the state of S3, drive the piston rod of the shear cylinder 512 on one side wall 13 and the piston rod of the horizontal power loading cylinder 511 on that side to extend to a set length, and drive the piston rod of the shear cylinder 512 on the other side wall 13 and the piston rod of the horizontal power loading cylinder 511 on that side to shorten to a set length, so that the lower half of the lining of the sample 7 together with the sample support assembly 21 moves horizontally along the slide rail 6, so that the sample 7 can be subjected to shear force.

[0041] S5: After the test, remove the connecting bolts between the specimen 7 and the specimen connector 32 and the load-bearing plate 214, remove the specimen 7, and reset the piston rods of the axial pressure cylinder, each bending moment cylinder 4, each shear cylinder 512, and each horizontal power loading cylinder 511. It should be understood that the tunnel anti-fault hinged joint flexible joint testing device and system in this application embodiment is applicable not only to hydraulic tunnels but also to traffic tunnels.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0044] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A tunnel fault-tolerant articulation measure flexible joint testing device, characterized by, It includes: Support frame (1), the support frame (1) includes bottom plate (11) and top plate (12) opposite to the bottom plate (11) are set up; Bottom power loading mechanism (2), the bottom power loading mechanism (2) includes sample support assembly (21), the sample support assembly (21) is installed to the bottom plate (11), the sample support assembly (21) is used for fixing one end of sample (7), the sample support assembly (21) is connected with vertical power loading device (22); The bottom power loading mechanism (2) further includes torque loading assembly (23), the torque loading assembly (23) is configured to drive the sample support assembly (21) rotates around the axial direction of the sample support assembly (21); Top power loading mechanism (3), the top power loading mechanism (3) includes axial power loading piece (31), the axial power loading piece (31) is installed to the top plate (12), the axial power loading piece (31) is connected with sample connecting piece (32) in the end away from the top plate (12), the sample connecting piece (32) is used for fixing the other end of sample (7).

2. The tunnel anti-break hinge measure flexible joint test device according to claim 1, wherein: The top power loading mechanism (3) further includes bending moment beam (33), the bending moment beam (33) is clamped between the axial power loading piece (31) and the sample connecting piece (32), and the bending moment beam (33) extends along the axial direction perpendicular to the axial power loading piece (31); Both ends of the bending moment beam (33) are connected with bending moment oil cylinder (4), and the bending moment oil cylinder (4) is installed to the side wall (13) of the support frame (1).

3. The tunnel anti-break hinge measure flexible joint test device according to claim 2, wherein: Both ends of the bending moment beam (33) are fixed with arc-shaped connecting plate (331), and the opposite two side walls (13) of the support frame (1) are respectively provided with arc-shaped groove (131) matched with the arc-shaped connecting plate (331), and a plurality of ball bearings (132) are installed in the arc-shaped groove (131); The bending moment oil cylinder (4) and the arc-shaped connecting plate (331) are arranged in an up-down manner, and the piston rod of the bending moment oil cylinder (4) is connected to one side of the bending moment beam (33) close to the arc-shaped connecting plate (331).

4. The tunnel anti-break hinge measure flexible joint test device according to claim 2, wherein: The top power loading mechanism (3) further includes first rotary support mechanism (34), the first rotary support mechanism (34) is clamped between the bending moment beam (33) and the sample connecting piece (32), and the inner ring of the first rotary support mechanism (34) is fixed to the bending moment beam (33), and the outer ring of the first rotary support mechanism (34) is fixed with the sample connecting piece (32).

5. The tunnel anti-break hinge measure flexible joint test device according to claim 4, wherein: A plurality of first limiting baffle plates (332) are connected to one side of the bending moment beam (33) close to the first rotary support mechanism (34), and the first limiting baffle plates (332) are arranged along the radial direction of the first rotary support mechanism (34) and are spaced apart from the first rotary support mechanism (34); A plurality of second limiting baffle plates (321) are connected to one side of the test sample connecting piece (32) close to the bending moment beam (33), and the second limiting baffle plates (321) are matched with the first limiting baffle plates (332).

6. The tunnel anti-disconnection flexible joint test device according to claim 2, wherein: A slide rail (6) is installed on one side of the bottom plate (11) close to the top plate (12), the slide rail (6) extends along the length direction of the bending moment beam (33), and the test sample support assembly (21) is slidingly installed on the slide rail (6); Limiting assemblies (5) are installed on opposite two side walls (13) of the support frame (1), and the limiting assemblies (5) are configured to drive the test sample support assembly (21) to move along the slide rail (6).

7. The tunnel anti-disconnection flexible joint test device according to claim 6, wherein: Each limiting assembly (5) comprises a driving mechanism (51) and a clamping mechanism (52) connected to the driving mechanism (51), the clamping mechanism (52) comprises a fixed part (521) connected to the driving mechanism (51), one side of the fixed part (521) away from the driving mechanism (51) is connected with a first clamping part (522) and a second clamping part (523), the first clamping part (522) and the second clamping part (523) are at an angle with each other, and one side of the first clamping part (522) and the second clamping part (523) away from the fixed part (521) is connected with a roller (524), and the axis of the roller (524) is parallel to the axis of the test sample support assembly (21).

8. The tunnel fault rupture articulation measure flexible joint test device of claim 7, wherein, The driving mechanism (51) comprises: A horizontal power loading cylinder (511), one end of the horizontal power loading cylinder (511) is fixed to the side wall (13), and the piston rod of the horizontal power loading cylinder (511) is connected to the fixed part (521); At least two shear oil cylinders (512) are installed on opposite two sides of the horizontal power loading cylinder (511), and the shear oil cylinders (512) are all installed on the side wall (13), and the piston rods of the shear oil cylinders (512) are all connected to the fixed part (521).

9. The tunnel faulted hinge mitigation device flexible joint test apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The test sample support assembly (21) comprises: A torque base (211) is slidingly installed on the slide rail (6), a middle portion of the torque base (211) is provided with a mounting hole coaxial with the torque base (211), the vertical power loading device (22) is installed in the mounting hole, and a driving gear (231) is connected to an output shaft of the torque loading assembly (23) installed on a side of the torque base (211); A second rotary support mechanism (212) is fixed at an inner ring of the second rotary support mechanism (212) and the torque base (211), and an outer ring of the second rotary support mechanism (212) is provided with an outer ring gear (2121) engaged with the driving gear (231); A rotary table (213) is fixed at the outer ring of the second rotary support mechanism (212), and the rotary table (213) is installed on a side of the second rotary support mechanism (212) away from the torque base (211), and the rotary table (213) is provided with a through hole (2131) coaxial with the mounting hole; A force bearing plate (214) is installed on a side of the rotary table (213) away from the torque base (211), and a power shaft of the vertical power loading device (22) passes through the through hole (2131) and abuts against the force bearing plate (214).

10. A tunnel faulted articulation measure flexible joint testing system, characterized by, It comprises the tunnel anti-disconnection hinge flexible joint testing device as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, and the flexible joint testing system further comprises: A test sample (7) comprising an upper half lining and a lower half lining, and the upper half lining and the lower half lining are connected by a water stop belt; The upper half lining is connected to a test sample connecting piece (32), and the lower half lining is connected to the test sample supporting assembly (21).

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