Escalator cyclic loading test device

Abstract

The invention relates to a cyclic loading test device for an escalator. The cyclic loading test device comprises a rotary system and a plurality of loading modules, the rotary system comprises a driving chain wheel, a steering wheel and a driving chain; the driving chain wheel and the steering wheel are connected through the driving chain to form a circulating transmission structure; the plurality of loading modules are installed on the driving chain at intervals, each loading module comprises a truss and a heavy hammer, two sides of the truss are provided with a driving wheel and a driven wheel, the driving wheel is assembled on the driving chain, and the truss is hung on the driving wheel and the driven wheel; the heavy hammer is connected to the truss and is used for falling in the loading interval and pressing against the corresponding step; and the loading module realizes synchronous operation with the stairs of the escalator through cyclic transmission of the driving chain, and applies a cyclic load to the stairs in a loading interval of the escalator. According to the invention, the reliability and safety of the escalator under the real operation load condition can be simulated and tested, and the long-standing problem that the escalator is qualified in test but actually fails in the industry is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of elevator safety technology, specifically to a cyclic loading test device for escalators. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of urbanization, transportation hubs and integrated commercial complexes have developed rapidly. Escalators, as key cross-floor transportation equipment, have become core facilities in modern buildings and transportation hubs. In an escalator system, the steps, as the main load-bearing component, must not only bear the function of transportation but also rotate within the system, resulting in a complex stress state. The safety, reliability, and fatigue strength of escalators are directly related to the safety of passengers. Current technology lacks testing equipment capable of simulating continuous loading operation of escalators under real-world conditions. This prevents the assessment of the safety, reliability, and fatigue strength of key transmission components (such as steps, rollers, step chains, drive chains, and sprocket shafts) under actual load. While some elevator manufacturers employ lightweight, cost-reducing designs for their escalators, and these escalators generally meet type testing and installation supervision requirements, simultaneous breakage of multiple steps, drive chains, and sprocket shafts still occurs frequently. Such failures can lead to serious safety accidents. There is an urgent need for new testing methods and equipment for elevator testing and inspection to prevent such incidents.

[0003] Because there is no continuous load operation test device for escalators, the current operation test of the whole escalator can only be carried out under no-load conditions. Only individual components such as steps, step chains and drive chains have laboratory fracture or load fatigue test requirements. However, the requirements of these items are relatively easy to pass at present. Serious problems such as multiple steps breaking simultaneously and sprocket shaft failure still occur even after the products pass the test. Furthermore, it is impossible to distinguish the quality and safety performance of escalator products.

[0004] Existing escalator step fatigue testing technology mainly relies on the dynamic load and torsion test requirements for escalator and moving walkway treads in the European standard EN115-1 and the Chinese standard GB16899. It uses an electro-hydraulic servo system to apply cyclic loads perpendicular to the tread surface and conducts millions of fatigue tests for verification.

[0005] The existing solution has two significant drawbacks. First, the relatively stable fixing method of the steps during the test differs from the more free state of the steps in the rotation system during actual operation. Second, the applied load is stable and uniform, failing to fully simulate the actual posture of passengers on the steps, thus creating the potential for failure even if the test is passed. Therefore, the existing solution cannot accurately reproduce the worst-case operating conditions of the escalator during normal operation. Furthermore, existing testing techniques have difficulties simulating conditions such as steps being jammed or not parallel, making the analysis of escalator failure modes a significant challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an escalator cyclic loading test device that can realistically simulate the load of passengers on an operating escalator, and through reliability and safety testing under real working conditions of the escalator, avoid the hidden danger of passing the test but failing in actual operation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An escalator cyclic loading test device includes a rotation system and multiple loading modules; The slewing system includes a drive sprocket, a steering wheel, and a drive chain. The drive chain is arranged along the loading section of the escalator. The drive sprocket and the steering wheel are connected by the drive chain to form a circulating transmission structure. The drive sprocket can move up and down along the inclined section of the escalator, and the steering wheel can move up, down, left and right in the plane where the drive sprocket is located. Multiple loading modules are installed at intervals on the drive chain. Each loading module includes a truss and a counterweight. Both sides of the truss are equipped with driving wheels and driven wheels. The driving wheels are mounted on the drive chain. The circulating transmission structure is equipped with a driven wheel track. The driven wheels move along the driven wheel track. The truss is connected to the driving wheels and driven wheels. The counterweight is connected to the truss and is used to fall and press against the corresponding step in the loading zone. The mass and quantity of the counterweight are increased, decreased or replaced according to the rated load of the escalator, the step width and the lifting height to achieve stepless adjustment between the load 0 and the braking load. Various working conditions are simulated by adjusting the position and layout of the counterweight, including the off-center load condition where the passenger stands on the edge of the step and the asymmetrical load condition where the passenger stands on one side of the escalator. The loading module operates synchronously with the escalator steps through the cyclic transmission of the drive chain, applying a cyclic load to the steps within the loading zone of the escalator.

[0008] Furthermore, the drive sprocket is connected to a mechanical link, and the drive sprocket is connected to the escalator drive sprocket via the mechanical link.

[0009] Furthermore, it includes a sensor and a servo motor. The sensor is used to acquire the speed signal at the output end of the escalator; the servo motor is connected to the sensor and the drive sprocket and is used to drive the drive sprocket to run synchronously according to the speed signal at the output end of the escalator.

[0010] Furthermore, the sensor acquires the speed signal by directly receiving the speed signal from the output end of the escalator.

[0011] Furthermore, the sensor acquires the speed signal by comprising a laser emitter and a receiver, which are respectively positioned on both sides of the loading zone. The laser emitter emits a laser beam toward the receiver, and the speed of the step is calculated by the time difference between the laser beam being blocked by the step and the assembly dimensions of the escalator.

[0012] Furthermore, the truss gap is fitted onto the counterweight, which can swing and move up and down relative to the truss with a small amplitude.

[0013] Furthermore, the weight is equipped with a pressure sensor and a light-emitting diode (LED). The pressure sensor is used to detect whether the weight is effectively loaded on the steps. The LED is electrically connected to the pressure sensor. When the pressure sensor does not detect effective loading, the LED lights up red, and when it detects effective loading, it lights up green.

[0014] Furthermore, the circulating transmission structure is equipped with an auxiliary wheel track, which is interrupted in the section where the weight is fully loaded on the steps, and an auxiliary wheel is provided on the weight; the auxiliary wheel runs on the auxiliary wheel track to adjust and limit the swing angle of the weight.

[0015] Furthermore, the auxiliary wheel track includes two transition tracks and a slewing section connected to the two transition tracks. The two transition tracks are located at the beginning and end of the loading section, respectively, to enable the loading module to smoothly land on the step at the beginning via the transition tracks and to be smoothly retrieved to the auxiliary wheel track at the end via the transition tracks. The slewing section is a non-circular arc curve track, the curve of which is determined by the direction and force state of the loading module.

[0016] Furthermore, the horizontal section of the escalator is equipped with a laser rangefinder sensor, which is used to detect the amount of sinking of the steps after unloading and to issue an early warning when the amount of sinking exceeds a threshold.

[0017] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. It can simulate real working conditions: Through the automatic loading system of rotation and counterweight, each step of the escalator in the loading section (inclined section) can operate under an adjustable load between no load and braking load, which reflects the real situation of escalators from different manufacturers operating under load conditions for a long time, realizes failure mode analysis and product improvement, and overcomes the problems of large differences between the step fixing method and the actual free state and the inability to simulate the real posture due to the stable and uniform load in the existing technology.

[0018] 2. Can simulate various abnormal working conditions: It can simulate various working conditions such as all or some passengers standing on one side of the escalator (load offset) and passengers standing on the edge of the steps (asymmetrical load), and test the stress of related components, which can help improve product design and enhance the flexibility and scalability of testing.

[0019] 3. Separate design of truss and counterweight: This allows for controllable counterweight loading, reducing the impact on the steps during loading; different weights can be replaced according to test requirements, making the system adaptable to escalators with different rated loads, usage scenarios, widths, and lifting heights.

[0020] 4. The loading module has a reasonable structural design: the loading module allows the weight to swing slightly and move up and down, which facilitates the adjustment of direction and leaves a margin for landing on the steps.

[0021] 5. Adjustable drive sprocket and steering wheel: The drive sprocket can move up and down horizontally, and the steering wheel is fixed on the overhead crane (or a vertical track is built and a hydraulic system is used). It can move up, down, left and right on the plane of the drive sprocket. The chain length can be increased or decreased according to the escalator being tested, and it is suitable for escalators with different lifting heights and lengths.

[0022] In summary, this invention achieves dynamic loading of the entire escalator, simulation of multiple failure modes, and high-precision synchronous control, which can realistically simulate the load of passengers on an operating escalator. Through reliability and safety testing under real working conditions of the escalator, it solves the long-standing problem in the industry of escalators passing tests but failing in actual operation. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a system schematic diagram of a cyclic loading test device for escalators.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the loading module of the escalator cyclic loading test device.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first scheme for controlling the stability of the counterweight.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second scheme for controlling the stability of the counterweight.

[0027] In the picture: 1-Steering wheel, 2-Laser rangefinder sensor, 3-Loading module, 31-Driving wheel, 32-Driven wheel, 33-Driven wheel axle, 34-Positioning pin, 35-Drive chain, 36-Truss, 37-Auxiliary wheel, 38-Flat weight, 39-Light emitting diode, 310-Pressure sensor, 4-Auxiliary wheel track, 5-Running trajectory of driving and driven wheels, 6-Step, 7-Drive sprocket, 8-Soft brush. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in further detail.

[0029] This invention innovatively proposes a cyclic loading test device for escalators. By constructing a rotating system that operates synchronously with the escalator, an adjustable counterweight 38 loading module 3 applies a cyclic load to the steps 6, simulating the load effects and abnormal conditions under real-world working conditions. Simultaneously, a multi-dimensional monitoring system enables real-time feedback and data acquisition throughout the test process. The specific technical implementation scheme is as follows: Overall structural design: The escalator cyclic loading test device includes a rotation system, multiple loading modules 3, and a monitoring system, etc.

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the slewing system includes a drive sprocket 7, a steering wheel 1, and a drive chain 35. The drive chain 35 is arranged along the loading section of the escalator (i.e., the inclined section of the escalator). The drive sprocket 7 and the steering wheel 1 are connected by the drive chain 35 to form a circulating transmission structure. The drive sprocket 7 can move up and down along the inclined section of the escalator, and the steering wheel 1 can move up, down, left, and right in the plane where the drive sprocket 7 is located. Multiple loading modules 3 are spaced apart and mounted on the drive chain 35, circulating with the drive chain 35 to achieve synchronous operation with the steps 6. Each loading module 3 includes a truss 36 and a counterweight 38. Both sides of the truss 36 are equipped with a driving wheel 31 and a driven wheel 32. The driving wheel 31 is mounted on the drive chain 35. A closed-loop driven wheel track is provided on each side of the device. The driven wheel track and the drive chain 35 are located on different planes, and the driven wheel 32 moves on the driven wheel track. The truss 36 is connected to the driving wheel 31 and the driven wheel 32; the counterweight 38 is connected to the truss 36 and is used to fall in the loading section and press against the corresponding step 6; each side of the loading module 3 has three wheels, equivalent to a six-wheeled vehicle. The driven wheel 32 is connected to the truss 36 through a driven wheel axle 33. The running trajectories of the driving wheel and the driven wheel 5 are shown in Figure 5. Figure 1 As shown. The device has a set of non-closed-loop auxiliary wheel tracks 4 on both sides. The counterweight 38 is equipped with a mounting shaft. The auxiliary wheel 37 is directly mounted on the mounting shaft and connected to the counterweight 38. The auxiliary wheel 37 runs on the auxiliary wheel track 4.

[0031] Drive wheel 31 operation: Before the test begins, select the chain for drive chain 35 according to the spacing of the steps 6 of the escalator under test, and install the loading module 3. Drive wheel 31 is mounted on drive chain 35 and undertakes the function of driving the entire loading module 3. The assembly spacing between two adjacent loading modules 3 must ensure that when the loading module 3 is in a downward suspended posture, the distance between the two adjacent loading modules 3 is equal to the distance between the two adjacent steps 6. Driven wheel 32 moves along driven wheel track. Its function is to adjust the lower plane direction of loading module 3 and share the weight of counterweight 38.

[0032] The mass and quantity of the counterweights 38 are increased, decreased, or replaced according to the rated load of the escalator, the width of the step 6, and the lifting height to achieve stepless adjustment between no-load and braking load. The front and rear positions of the counterweights 38 relative to the truss 36 are adjusted to simulate the off-center load condition where passengers are standing on the edge of the step 6, or the offset of the counterweights 38 of some loading modules 3 is used to simulate the asymmetrical load condition where some passengers are standing on one side of the escalator. The loading module 3 operates synchronously with the escalator step 6 through the cyclic transmission of the drive chain 35, and applies a cyclic load to the step 6 in the loading range of the escalator.

[0033] By synchronously controlling the drive sprocket 7 with the escalator drive system, the movement speed and position of the loading module 3 are ensured to be perfectly matched with the escalator steps 6, achieving synchronous operation of the loading module 3 and steps 6. In the acquisition of power source and synchronization assurance of the slewing system, there are two ways for the drive sprocket 7 to acquire power and ensure synchronization: 1) The drive sprocket 7 of the slewing system is connected to the escalator drive sprocket via a mechanical linkage, directly obtaining power from the escalator main unit, thereby achieving rigid synchronous rotation of the drive sprocket 7 and the escalator drive sprocket; 2) The drive sprocket 7 can be equipped with a separate power system, using a servo motor for control. With the help of sensors and an electronic control system, the sensor acquires the speed signal from the escalator's power end, and the servo motor is connected to the sensor and the drive sprocket 7. Based on the speed signal from the escalator's power end, the servo motor drives the drive sprocket 7 to operate, ensuring synchronous operation of the drive sprocket 7 of the slewing system and the escalator drive sprocket. The synchronization control accuracy reaches the SIL3 safety level through a dual-channel sensor monitoring mechanism.

[0034] The feedback signal for the above-mentioned separately equipped power system scheme can be obtained in the following two ways: 1) The sensor directly obtains the speed signal from the power end of the escalator and feeds it back to the electrical control system to control the power output of the loading and rotation system; 2) A laser transmitter and a receiver are respectively arranged on both sides of the skirt of the inclined section of the escalator. The laser transmitter emits a laser towards the receiver. When step 6 passes by, it blocks the laser and the signal reception is interrupted. The movement speed of step 6 is calculated by the time difference between the two interruption signals and the assembly dimensions of the escalator and fed back to the electrical control system to control the power output of the loading and rotation system.

[0035] The drive sprocket 7 of the slewing system can be continuously rotated and jogged in the forward or reverse direction via a remote control device, which makes it convenient for test personnel to load and unload the loading module 3 of the device and fine-tune the loading position of the weight 38 before the start of the test.

[0036] Loading Module 3 Design: The weight 38 and truss 36 are assembled coaxially via a weight sleeve and a truss sleeve. The outer diameter of the weight sleeve differs from the inner diameter of the truss sleeve by 2-4 mm. This dimensional difference allows the weight 38 to swing slightly relative to the truss 36, adapting to the tilt angle of the step 6 in the rotation system. The truss 36 has pin holes, and the weight sleeve and truss sleeve are connected by a positioning pin 34 passing through the pin holes. The pin holes on the truss 36 are 4 cm long, allowing the weight 38 to have a certain amount of vertical displacement relative to the truss 36. This not only facilitates the adjustment of the weight 38's direction under the control of the auxiliary wheel 37, but also provides a margin for the weight 38 to land on the step 6, compensating for height errors or installation tilts of different escalator steps 6. This ensures that the weight 38 always fits against the tread surface of the step 6, maintaining stable loading even with minor deformation or installation deviations in the step 6, thus improving the accuracy of the test. The weight 38 is padded and chamfered to prevent it from exerting additional impact on the steps 6, simulating their free rotation during actual operation. The mass and quantity of the weight 38 can be flexibly increased or decreased according to test requirements and the specific dimensions of the escalator. The split structure of the truss 36 and the weight 38 achieves precise adaptation to escalators with different rated loads, widths, lifting heights, and usage scenarios through four dimensions: adjustable weight 38 parameters, flexible connection for posture adaptation, adjustable dimensions of the collaborative system, and adjustable load posture. This ensures that the test device can stably apply cyclic loads consistent with real-world working conditions on various types of escalators.

[0037] Auxiliary wheel track 4 design: An auxiliary wheel track 4 is provided above the circulating transmission structure. The auxiliary wheel 37 runs on the auxiliary wheel track 4. Its main function is to adjust and limit the swing angle of the weight 38, and at the same time, to offset some of the impact caused by the change in the gravity direction of the loading module 3. The auxiliary wheel track 4 does not fully participate in the entire rotational motion. In the section where the weight 38 is fully loaded on the step 6, the auxiliary wheel track 4 is not set. The auxiliary wheel track 4 includes two transition tracks and a rotation section connected to the two transition tracks. The two transition tracks are located at the beginning and end of the loading section, respectively. They are used to ensure that the loading module 3 smoothly lands on the step 6 at the beginning via the transition tracks, and smoothly returns to the auxiliary wheel track 4 at the end via the transition tracks. The rotation section is a non-circular arc curve track. Its curve is determined by the direction and force state of the loading module 3, ensuring the stability of the loading module 3 in the cyclic motion and reducing the impact of force change points on the system. The load application principle is as follows: the weight 38 of the loading module 3 is connected to the drive chain 35 through the truss 36. In the inclined section of the escalator, the weight 38 is freed from the constraint of the auxiliary wheel track 4 and acts vertically on the tread of the step 6 by its own weight, applying an adjustable load. In the rotating section, the weight 38 is recovered by the auxiliary wheel track 4 and is freed from the step 6, completing the loading-unloading cycle.

[0038] Load monitoring module design: Each loading module 3 is equipped with a loading monitoring system. Each weight 38 is equipped with a battery-powered pressure sensor 310, which controls an LED 39. The LED lights up red when the weight 38 does not press down on the step 6, and lights up green when the weight 38 presses down on the step 6. The LED does not light up when the voltage is low, thus monitoring the operating status of the device.

[0039] Step 6 sinking detection scheme: A laser rangefinder 2 is installed above the horizontal section of the escalator. After the counterweight 38 is retrieved, the laser rangefinder 2 detects the sinking of each step 6 after unloading, outputs a curve, and issues an early warning when the sinking value exceeds the threshold, reflecting the deformation state of step 6 under cyclic load.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, during the recovery phase, the counterweight 38 is in a vertically upward posture. Due to the sleeve clearance and its own weight, the counterweight 38 is in an unstable state and is prone to swinging back and forth, impacting the truss sleeve, due to the impacts during equipment operation. The stability control of the counterweight 38 in the recovery section of the rotary system can be achieved through the following two schemes, thereby reducing the impact on the truss sleeve.

[0041] Option 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, this scheme adds a soft brush 8 above the auxiliary wheel track 4, so that the weight 38 can maintain stable gravity downwards and backwards during the recovery phase through the flexible contact of the soft brush 8.

[0042] Option 2, such as Figure 4 As shown, this scheme adjusts the size of the sprocket so that the weight 38 no longer maintains a vertically upward posture during the recovery phase.

[0043] Vibration sensors, noise sensors, temperature sensors, and other sensor modules can be added to the escalator system to monitor the operating status of the escalator under load, enriching the dimensions of test data collection.

[0044] The experiment was conducted in a four-stage cycle: preparation, operation, monitoring, and recovery, as detailed below: 1. Preparation before the experiment Structural adjustment: Based on the lifting height, step spacing 6, and rated load of the tested escalator, the loading rotation system was adjusted: the drive sprocket 7 moved up and down along the track, the steering wheel 1 moved left and right via the crane, and the length of the drive chain 35 was increased or decreased to ensure that the system was adapted to the escalator size; the spacing of the loading modules 3 was adjusted so that the distance between adjacent loading modules 3 was consistent with the spacing between adjacent steps 6.

[0045] Load setting: According to the test requirements, increase or decrease the number of counterweights 38 or replace them with counterweights 38 of different masses, and adjust the relative position of counterweights 38 and truss 36 (adjust the front and rear position of counterweights 38 when simulating eccentric loading).

[0046] Synchronous calibration: Ensure that the drive sprocket 7 is synchronized with the escalator drive system by connecting mechanical links or debugging servo motors and sensors; check the curvature of the starting and ending sections of the auxiliary wheel track 4 to ensure that the loading and unloading of the counterweight 38 is smooth.

[0047] 2. Trial run Start-up and synchronization: Start the escalator and loading rotation system: Drive sprocket 7 drives drive chain 35 to circulate, loading module 3 moves with drive chain 35, drive wheel 31 drags the module as a whole, driven wheel 32 moves along driven wheel track, adjusts the lower plane direction of loading module 3 and shares the weight; auxiliary wheel 37 moves under the guidance of auxiliary wheel track 4.

[0048] Inclined section loading: When the loading module 3 moves to the inclined section of the escalator, the auxiliary wheel 37 disengages from the auxiliary wheel track 4, and the counterweight 38 adjusts its posture slightly under the action of gravity through the flexible connection of the sleeve gap and the long pin hole, and lands smoothly on the tread of the step 6, applying a set load to the step 6; at this time, the pressure sensor 310 triggers the green light, indicating normal loading.

[0049] Abnormal working condition simulation: If it is necessary to simulate off-center load, adjust the position of the counterweight 38 of part of the loading module 3 (towards the edge or one side of step 6) to make step 6 subject to asymmetrical load; if it is necessary to simulate chain asynchrony, adjust the tension of the drive chain 35; if it is necessary to simulate step 6 jamming, the jamming state can be preset by small deformation of step 6.

[0050] 3. Uninstallation and Recycling Horizontal section unloading: When the loading module 3 moves with the drive chain 35 to the upper horizontal section (unloading zone) of the escalator, the auxiliary wheel 37 contacts the transition rail. Under the guidance of the transition rail, the counterweight 38 gradually detaches from the step 6, completing the unloading; at this time, the pressure sensor 310 triggers the red light (unloaded).

[0051] Rotary cycle: After unloading, the loading module 3 enters the rotary section with the drive chain 35. The auxiliary wheel 37 moves along the rotary section. The steering wheel 1 guides the drive chain 35 to change direction, so that the loading module 3 cycles to the lower horizontal section of the escalator, ready to enter the next loading cycle.

[0052] 4. Real-time monitoring and data acquisition Loading status feedback: The loading effectiveness can be observed in real time through the LED 39 on the hammer 38. A green light indicates normal loading, while a red light or the light being off requires stopping the machine for inspection.

[0053] Deformation monitoring of step 6: The laser ranging system in the horizontal section continuously monitors the amount of sinking of step 6 after unloading and generates a sinking curve; if the amount of sinking exceeds the preset threshold, the system will automatically issue an early warning, indicating possible fatigue or structural damage to step 6.

[0054] Fault Recording: During the test, if problems such as jamming of step 6, chain abnormality, or impact of counterweight 38 occur, the matching vibration and noise sensors will record abnormal data to provide a basis for failure mode analysis.

[0055] Through the above-mentioned cyclic operation, the mechanism can apply real working condition loads to key components such as escalator steps 6 and chains over a long period of time, realizing the safety, reliability and fatigue strength testing of the whole machine under load, and solving the long-standing problem in the industry of passing the test but failing in actual operation.

[0056] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cyclic loading test device for escalators, characterized in that, Includes a slewing system and multiple loading modules; The slewing system includes a drive sprocket, a steering wheel, and a drive chain. The drive chain is arranged along the loading section of the escalator. The drive sprocket and the steering wheel are connected by the drive chain to form a circulating transmission structure. The drive sprocket can move up and down along the inclined section of the escalator, and the steering wheel can move up, down, left and right in the plane where the drive sprocket is located. Multiple loading modules are installed at intervals on the drive chain. Each loading module includes a truss and a counterweight. Both sides of the truss are equipped with driving wheels and driven wheels. The driving wheels are mounted on the drive chain. The circulating transmission structure is equipped with a driven wheel track. The driven wheels move along the driven wheel track. The truss is connected to the driving wheels and driven wheels. The counterweight is connected to the truss and is used to fall and press against the corresponding step in the loading zone. The mass and quantity of the counterweight are increased, decreased or replaced according to the rated load of the escalator, the step width and the lifting height to achieve stepless adjustment between the load 0 and the braking load. Various working conditions are simulated by adjusting the position and layout of the counterweight, including the off-center load condition where the passenger stands on the edge of the step and the asymmetrical load condition where the passenger stands on one side of the escalator. The loading module operates synchronously with the escalator steps through the cyclic transmission of the drive chain, applying a cyclic load to the steps within the loading zone of the escalator.

2. The escalator cyclic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive sprocket is connected to a mechanical link, which in turn connects the drive sprocket to the escalator drive sprocket, enabling the loading device to operate synchronously with the escalator steps.

3. The escalator cyclic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes a sensor and a servo motor. The sensor is used to acquire the speed signal at the output end of the escalator; the servo motor is connected to the sensor and the drive sprocket and is used to drive the drive sprocket to run synchronously according to the speed signal at the output end of the escalator.

4. The escalator cyclic loading test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sensor acquires the speed signal by directly receiving the speed signal from the output end of the escalator's power system.

5. The escalator cyclic loading test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sensor acquires the speed signal by comprising a laser emitter and a receiver, which are respectively set on both sides of the loading zone. The laser emitter emits a laser towards the receiver, and the speed of the step is calculated by the time difference of the laser being blocked by the step and the assembly dimensions of the escalator.

6. The escalator cyclic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The truss gap is fitted with a counterweight, which can swing and move up and down relative to the truss with a small amplitude.

7. The escalator cyclic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight is equipped with a pressure sensor and an LED. The pressure sensor is used to detect whether the counterweight is effectively loaded on the steps. The LED is electrically connected to the pressure sensor. When the pressure sensor does not detect effective loading, the LED lights up red, and when it detects effective loading, it lights up green.

8. The escalator cyclic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating transmission structure is equipped with an auxiliary wheel track, which is interrupted in the section where the weight is fully loaded on the steps. The weight is equipped with an auxiliary wheel; the auxiliary wheel runs on the auxiliary wheel track and is used to adjust and limit the swing angle of the weight.

9. The escalator cyclic loading test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The auxiliary wheel track includes two transition tracks and a slewing section connected to the two transition tracks. The two transition tracks are located at the beginning and end of the loading section, respectively, to ensure that the loading module is smoothly placed on the step at the beginning via the transition tracks and is smoothly retrieved to the auxiliary wheel track at the end via the transition tracks. The slewing section is a non-circular arc curve track, the curve of which is determined by the direction of the loading module and the stress state.

10. The escalator cyclic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal section of the escalator is equipped with a laser rangefinder sensor. The laser rangefinder sensor is used to detect the amount of sinking of the steps after unloading and issues an early warning when the amount of sinking exceeds a threshold.

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