Battery power supply circuit, battery pack and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery power supply circuit, a battery pack and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The battery power supply circuit comprises a DC conversion circuit, the input end of the DC conversion circuit is electrically connected with a high-voltage battery, the output end of the DC conversion circuit is electrically connected with a low-voltage battery, and the DC conversion circuit is used for converting the voltage of the high-voltage battery into the power supply voltage of the low-voltage battery; the electrical parameter acquisition module is electrically connected with the input end of the direct-current conversion circuit and the high-voltage battery, and the electrical parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring a first electrical parameter of the high-voltage battery and a second electrical parameter of the input end of the direct-current conversion circuit; the first end of the control unit is electrically connected with the electrical parameter acquisition module, the second end of the control unit is electrically connected with the direct current conversion circuit, and the control unit is used for controlling the working state of the direct current conversion circuit based on the first electrical parameter and the second electrical parameter. The hardware cost is reduced, and the investment of the whole system is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of battery technology, and in particular relates to a battery power supply circuit, a battery pack, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Among various electrical devices, a stable and reliable energy supply is fundamental to ensuring their normal operation. As the core energy source, the battery pack undertakes the crucial task of providing continuous power to electrical devices, and its performance directly affects whether the devices can operate stably and efficiently.

[0003] Currently, in scenarios where battery packs power electrical equipment, a common approach is to use high-voltage batteries to supply power to low-voltage batteries. This process primarily relies on a battery management system and a DC-DC converter to achieve voltage conversion between the high-voltage and low-voltage batteries, thereby ensuring that the electrical equipment receives a suitable and stable voltage.

[0004] However, this method of voltage conversion based on a battery management system and a DC-DC converter has high hardware costs, increasing the overall system investment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a battery power supply circuit, a battery pack, and a vehicle, which can reduce hardware costs and decrease overall system investment.

[0006] A first aspect of this application provides a battery-powered circuit, including: The DC-DC converter circuit has its input terminal electrically connected to the high-voltage battery and its output terminal electrically connected to the low-voltage battery. The DC-DC converter circuit is used to convert the voltage of the high-voltage battery into the supply voltage of the low-voltage battery. An electrical parameter acquisition module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit and the high-voltage battery, respectively. The electrical parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the first electrical parameter of the high-voltage battery and the second electrical parameter of the input terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit. The control unit has a first terminal electrically connected to the electrical parameter acquisition module and a second terminal electrically connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit. The control unit is used to control the operating state of the DC-DC conversion circuit based on the first electrical parameter and the second electrical parameter.

[0007] A second aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes a high-voltage battery, a low-voltage battery, and any one of the above-mentioned battery power supply circuits, wherein the high-voltage battery is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery through the battery power supply circuit. High-voltage batteries are used to charge low-voltage batteries. Low-voltage batteries are used to power electrical equipment. The battery power supply circuit is used to monitor the battery status of the high-voltage and low-voltage batteries, and to control the voltage conversion between the high-voltage and low-voltage batteries.

[0008] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle that includes the battery power supply circuit provided in any of the above aspects.

[0009] In the battery power supply circuit provided in this application embodiment, the electrical parameter acquisition module is uniformly responsible for acquiring the first electrical parameters of the high-voltage battery and the second electrical parameters of the DC-DC converter input terminal. This unifies the acquisition of electrical parameters to a single device, resulting in a relatively simple structure and lower cost. The control unit directly controls the operating state of the DC-DC converter based on these two acquired electrical parameters. Its function focuses on precise control of the DC-DC converter, eliminating the need for coordinated control between the battery management system and the DC-DC converter, thus reducing design and implementation complexity and consequently lowering costs. Therefore, this application simplifies the circuit structure by replacing the complex battery management system and DC-DC converter with a lower-cost electrical parameter acquisition module and control unit, thereby reducing hardware costs and overall system investment. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first battery power supply circuit provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second battery power supply circuit provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third battery power supply circuit provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fourth battery power supply circuit provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0012] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Battery power supply circuit; 110. DC-DC conversion circuit; 120. Electrical parameter acquisition module; 130. Control unit; 200. High-voltage battery; 300. Low-voltage battery; 140. Power module; 141. First power supply unit; 142. Second power supply unit; 111. High-voltage zone circuit; 1111. Input filtering module; 1112. First power device; 112. Low-voltage zone circuit; 1121. Output filtering module; 1122. Second power device; 113. Transformer; 114. Control sub-circuit; 150. Power supply information feedback circuit; 151. Power supply information sampling unit; 152. Power supply protection unit; 153. Status latch unit. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will be described in detail below. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to explain this application and not to limit it. For those skilled in the art, this application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples.

[0014] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0015] It should be noted that the acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in the technical solution of this application all comply with the relevant provisions of national laws and regulations.

[0016] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, certain software, components, models and other existing solutions in the industry may be mentioned. These should be regarded as exemplary and are only intended to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the technical solution of this application. However, it does not mean that the applicant has used or necessarily used the solution.

[0017] To facilitate understanding of the solutions in the embodiments of this application, some contents involved in the embodiments of this application are described below: The Battery Management System (BMS) is the core control unit of a power battery system, acting as the battery's "intelligent brain." It uses high-precision sensors to collect key parameters such as battery voltage, current, and temperature in real time, accurately assessing the battery's remaining charge and health status to ensure safe and efficient operation. During charging, the BMS intelligently adjusts the charging current to prevent overcharging and battery damage; during discharging, it uses equalization control technology to balance the charge differences between cells, extending the overall battery life.

[0018] A DC-DC converter is a power electronic device that converts DC voltage to DC voltage. Its core function is to convert energy between DC circuits of different voltage levels. It uses high-frequency switching technology (such as PWM control) and magnetic components (inductors, transformers) to increase or decrease the input DC voltage to a target value while maintaining a stable output voltage. For example, in electric vehicles, the high-voltage battery (e.g., 400V) needs to be stepped down to 12V or 24V by a DC-DC converter to power low-voltage electrical appliances (such as lights and instruments).

[0019] In traditional high-voltage battery-to-low-voltage battery power supply systems, the battery management system and the DC-DC converter form two independent hardware architectures, resulting in functional module redundancy in the power conversion topology. Separate signal sampling and control units are required between the high-voltage and low-voltage batteries, leading to excessively high circuit board area occupancy, limited system integration, and increased control loop delay due to multi-stage signal transmission paths, thus affecting energy conversion efficiency.

[0020] For example, in an electric vehicle power management system, the high-voltage battery needs to acquire voltage and current parameters through an independent battery management system, and then transmit the data to the DC-DC converter control unit via a dedicated communication bus, subsequently driving power semiconductor devices to perform voltage conversion. In this architecture, the battery management system and the DC-DC converter each have independent control units, isolated communication modules, and power modules, requiring two sets of signal processing areas to be reserved in the circuit board layout. Simultaneously, signal transmission requires CAN bus protocol conversion, resulting in control delays that directly affect the dynamic response speed of the low-voltage battery's charging state.

[0021] Faced with the aforementioned problems, this application first considers how to eliminate hardware redundancy and control delays caused by discrete architectures. In traditional solutions, the battery management system and DC-DC converter operate independently, with signal sampling and control functions distributed across different modules, resulting in excessive circuit board space and multi-level transmission delays in the control loop. To address this, this application explores the possibility of integrating high-voltage battery parameter acquisition and DC-DC conversion control functions into a single architecture. By directly acquiring real-time parameters from the high-voltage battery and DC-DC conversion circuit, the control unit can achieve rapid response to the switching states of power devices. Further analysis reveals that by directly connecting the electrical parameter acquisition module to the input of the DC-DC conversion circuit, the original parameters of the high-voltage battery and the operating status of the DC-DC conversion circuit input can be acquired simultaneously, thus avoiding the data interaction delays caused by independent signal sampling units in traditional solutions. By integrating the functional boundaries of the electrical parameter acquisition module, control unit, and DC-DC conversion circuit, a closed-loop control link is formed, simplifying the hardware layout while shortening the signal transmission path, ultimately achieving simultaneous optimization of system integration and dynamic response capabilities.

[0022] In this regard, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a schematic diagram of a battery power supply circuit. The battery power supply circuit 100 may include a DC-DC conversion circuit 110, an electrical parameter acquisition module 120, and a control unit 130.

[0023] DC-DC converter circuit 110, the input terminal of DC-DC converter circuit 110 is electrically connected to high voltage battery 200, and the output terminal of DC-DC converter circuit 110 is electrically connected to low voltage battery 300. DC-DC converter circuit 110 is used to convert the voltage of high voltage battery 200 into the power supply voltage of low voltage battery 300.

[0024] In this structure, the DC-DC converter circuit 110 refers to a conversion circuit that converts the voltage of a high-voltage battery to the supply voltage of a low-voltage battery. For example, it can be constructed using power devices (such as MOSFETs or IGBTs) and magnetic components (such as inductors or transformers) to achieve high-voltage to low-voltage conversion.

[0025] High-voltage battery 200 is an energy storage device that provides high voltage, typically a lithium-ion battery pack, with a voltage level much higher than that of low-voltage battery 300; low-voltage battery 300 is an energy storage device that provides low voltage, typically a lead-acid battery or a lithium-ion battery, used to power low-voltage loads.

[0026] Specifically, the DC-DC converter circuit 110 adopts a typical topology similar to a DC / DC converter. Its core implementation process utilizes the rapid switching on and off of power devices, in conjunction with magnetic components such as inductors and transformers, to complete energy transfer and voltage conversion. Taking the buck function as an example: when the power device is switched on, the current from the high-voltage battery 200 flows through the inductor, which stores energy and generates a back electromotive force. When the power device is switched off, the inductor releases energy, and the current continues to supply power to the low-voltage battery 300 through the freewheeling diode. By adjusting the on-time ratio of the power device (e.g., 2 microseconds of on-time within a 10-microsecond cycle), the output voltage can be controlled—the higher the on-time ratio, the closer the output voltage is to the input voltage; conversely, the lower the on-time ratio, the lower the output voltage. The capacitor at the output end acts like a "reservoir," continuously charging and discharging to absorb voltage fluctuations and ensure the load receives a stable low-voltage DC power. Its core principle is based on energy conservation and electromagnetic induction. When the current changes, the inductor generates a magnetic field and stores energy; when the current decreases, the magnetic field energy is released through the electromotive force, forming a continuous current. By periodically controlling the switching on and off of power devices, the input high-voltage electrical energy can be transferred to the output in stages, while the charging and discharging characteristics of capacitors are used to smooth voltage ripple. This "chopping-energy storage-release" cyclic process enables flexible conversion from high voltage to low voltage.

[0027] The electrical parameter acquisition module 120 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 and the high-voltage battery 200, respectively. The electrical parameter acquisition module 120 is used to acquire the first electrical parameter of the high-voltage battery 200 and the second electrical parameter of the input terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110.

[0028] In this structure, the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 refers to the device for acquiring the electrical parameters of the high-voltage battery 200 and the input terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110. It is used to acquire the battery status and circuit input parameters in real time, providing a data basis for the control unit 130.

[0029] The first electrical parameter is the electrical characteristic parameter of the high-voltage battery 200, which typically includes voltage, current, temperature, etc., and is used to evaluate the battery status; the second electrical parameter is the electrical characteristic parameter of the input terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110, which is used to reflect the real-time status of the input side.

[0030] Specifically, the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 can collect electrical parameters from the high-voltage battery and the DC-DC converter circuit input in real time through built-in sensors. For example, voltage detection can use a precision resistor voltage divider network to proportionally reduce the high voltage to a safe range for the measurement circuit to read; current detection can utilize a Hall effect sensor to sense the current magnitude through changes in the magnetic field; temperature detection can convert the temperature value into a measurable electrical signal by utilizing the characteristic of the resistance of a thermistor changing with temperature. All sensor signals are converted into digital data by an analog-to-digital converter, providing real-time data for system monitoring. Its core principle is based on the conversion mechanism between physical quantities and electrical signals. Voltage measurement achieves proportional scaling through resistor voltage division, ensuring that the measurement circuit operates within a safe voltage range; current measurement utilizes the Hall effect, where the magnetic field generated when current passes through a conductor is proportional to the current; temperature measurement relies on the negative temperature coefficient characteristic of the thermistor, whose resistance decreases as temperature increases. These analog signals are digitally processed to form a data stream that can be recognized by the control unit 130, enabling accurate monitoring of the battery status and the input parameters of the DC-DC converter circuit.

[0031] The control unit 130 has a first terminal electrically connected to the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 and a second terminal electrically connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit 110. The control unit 130 is used to control the working state of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 based on the first electrical parameter and the second electrical parameter.

[0032] In this structure, the control unit 130 refers to a processor that controls the operating state of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 based on electrical parameters. Specifically, it can be implemented using a microcontroller or a digital signal processor. It is used to dynamically adjust the operating state of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 according to real-time parameters to ensure voltage conversion efficiency and system safety.

[0033] The operating status refers to the operating mode of the DC-DC converter circuit 110, including start-up, stop, boost, buck, and protection.

[0034] Specifically, after receiving the electrical parameters transmitted by the electrical parameter acquisition module 120, the control unit 130 dynamically adjusts the operating state of the DC-DC converter 110 through a built-in algorithm. For example, when the voltage of the high-voltage battery 200 is detected to be too low, the control unit 130 reduces the output power of the DC-DC converter 110 to prevent over-discharge of the battery; if the input current of the DC-DC converter 110 exceeds the safety threshold, the power device is immediately shut down to disconnect the DC-DC converter 110 and prevent hardware damage. At the same time, the control unit 130 can optimize the conversion efficiency according to the load demand, such as using intermittent switching mode to reduce losses under light load and increasing the switching frequency to enhance the response speed under heavy load. All control commands are converted into gate signals of MOSFETs or IGBTs to achieve precise circuit control.

[0035] This application uses the collaboration of the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 and the control unit 130 to directly acquire the electrical parameters of the high-voltage battery 200 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110, and uses the closed-loop control of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 based on the electrical parameters to replace the separate architecture of the traditional battery management system and DC / DC converter, thereby simplifying the hardware structure and reducing the implementation cost.

[0036] As an example, the DC-DC converter 110 employs a full-bridge LLC resonant topology, including a main switch, a transformer, and a synchronous rectifier. The electrical parameter acquisition module 120 integrates voltage and current sampling circuits to acquire the voltage and current signals from the high-voltage battery 200, as well as the voltage and current signals from the input terminals of the DC-DC converter 110. The control unit 130 utilizes a digital signal processor (DSP) with multiple analog-to-digital conversion channels and pulse-width modulation output channels.

[0037] The high-voltage battery 200 is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 via a high-voltage connector. The sampling circuit of the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the high-voltage battery 200 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110, respectively, to acquire voltage and current signals. After the acquired signals are processed by the signal conditioning circuit, they are transmitted to the control unit 130 through a digital interface.

[0038] The control unit 130 runs a closed-loop control algorithm to calculate the optimal PWM control signal based on the voltage and current information collected from the high-voltage battery 200 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110. These PWM control signals are sent to the DC-DC converter circuit 110 through the PWM output channel of the control unit 130.

[0039] The DC-DC converter circuit 110 adjusts the switching frequency and duty cycle of the power devices according to the received PWM control signal to achieve high-voltage to low-voltage voltage conversion. The converted low-voltage output is connected to the low-voltage battery 300 to charge the low-voltage battery 300 or to power low-voltage electrical equipment.

[0040] In this embodiment, the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 is responsible for acquiring the first electrical parameters of the high-voltage battery 200 and the second electrical parameters of the input terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110. This unifies the acquisition of electrical parameters to a single device, resulting in a relatively simple structure and lower cost. The control unit 130 directly controls the operating state of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 based on these two acquired electrical parameters. Its function focuses on the precise regulation of the DC-DC converter circuit 110, eliminating the need for coordinated control between the battery management system and the DC-DC converter. This reduces design and implementation complexity, thereby lowering costs. Thus, this application simplifies the circuit structure by replacing the complex battery management system and DC-DC converter with the lower-cost electrical parameter acquisition module 120 and control unit 130, thereby reducing hardware costs and overall system investment.

[0041] In some of the solutions described above in this application, during the process of the high-voltage battery 200 supplying power to the low-voltage battery 300 through the DC-DC conversion circuit 110, the control unit 130, the electrical parameter acquisition module 120, and the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 all need to be equipped with independent power supply units, resulting in a complex system structure and increased hardware costs.

[0042] In this regard, such as Figure 2 As shown, this application further proposes that the battery power supply circuit 100 also includes: The power module 140 has a first terminal electrically connected to the low-voltage battery 300, a second terminal electrically connected to the control unit 130, a third terminal electrically connected to the electrical parameter acquisition module 120, and a fourth terminal electrically connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit 110. The power supply module 140 is used to supply power to the control unit 130, the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 and the DC-DC conversion circuit 110.

[0043] In this embodiment, in the first case, the independent power supply design of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 can be completely eliminated. That is, the power module 140 can adopt an integrated design, with its first end directly connected to the low-voltage battery 300, and its output divided into three paths: the power supply branch for the control unit 130, the power supply branch for the electrical parameter acquisition module 120, and the power supply branch for the DC-DC conversion circuit 110. In the second case, the output of the power module 140 can be converted to power the DC-DC conversion circuit 110. That is, a sub-power module can be connected from the power module 140 to power the DC-DC conversion circuit 110.

[0044] Furthermore, to meet different power supply needs, the power module 140 can be designed with increased power or more output channels as needed. In addition, the power supply branch of the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 needs to provide an isolated auxiliary power supply, achieving electrical isolation through optocouplers or transformers to meet the power supply requirements of the high-voltage area. Simultaneously, in the power supply branch of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110, for the power-consuming units in the high-voltage area, an isolated auxiliary power supply also needs to be provided, achieving electrical isolation through optocouplers or transformers to meet the power supply requirements of the high-voltage area. At this time, for the power-consuming units in the high-voltage area of ​​the DC-DC conversion circuit 110, a separate isolated auxiliary power supply can be provided, or they can be directly powered through the isolated auxiliary power supply of the power supply branch of the electrical parameter acquisition module 120.

[0045] This embodiment achieves unified power supply management for the control unit 130, electrical parameter acquisition module 120, and DC-DC conversion circuit 110. This simplifies the circuit structure and improves power management efficiency. Simultaneously, centralized power supply to each component via power module 140 ensures the stability of the operating voltage of each component. Furthermore, centralized power supply facilitates power management and protection of the entire circuit, improving system reliability and safety.

[0046] In some of the solutions described above in this application, the power module 140 needs to supply power to the control unit 130, the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 and the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 simultaneously. However, the power requirements and electrical characteristics of different loads vary greatly, and a single power module 140 cannot simultaneously ensure power supply stability and efficiency optimization.

[0047] In this regard, such as Figure 2 As shown, this application further proposes a power module 140 including a first power unit 141 and a second power unit 142. The first end of the first power unit 141 is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery 300, the second end of the first power unit 141 is electrically connected to the control unit 130, the third end of the first power unit 141 is electrically connected to the electrical parameter acquisition module 120, the first end of the second power unit 142 is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery, and the second end of the second power unit 142 is electrically connected to the DC-DC conversion circuit 110. The first power supply unit 141 is used to supply power to the control unit 130 and the electrical parameter acquisition module 120; The second power supply unit 142 is used to supply power to the DC-DC conversion circuit 110.

[0048] In this embodiment, the first power supply unit 141 draws power directly from a low-voltage battery, and its output terminal forms an independent circuit with the control unit 130 and the electrical parameter acquisition module 120, respectively. The second power supply unit 142 also draws power directly from a low-voltage battery, and its output terminal forms a power supply circuit with the DC-DC conversion circuit 110. The second power supply unit 142 can be a flyback power supply or a buck-boost power supply.

[0049] Specifically, the first power supply unit 141 can adopt a low-voltage linear regulator structure to convert the voltage of the low-voltage battery 300 into the operating voltage required by the control unit 130 and the electrical parameter acquisition module 120. Its output current capability is matched according to the static power consumption of the control unit 130 and the electrical parameter acquisition module 120. The second power supply unit 142 uses the stable voltage output from the low-voltage battery 300 as input and adopts a switching power supply topology to provide power supply voltage to the power-consuming units in the DC-DC converter circuit 110. For example, when the second power supply unit 142 is a flyback power supply, its primary winding is connected to the output terminal of the low-voltage battery 300, and the secondary winding is output to the DC-DC converter circuit 110 through a rectifier and filter circuit. The output voltage is dynamically adjusted by adjusting the switching frequency. This simple split power supply structure physically isolates the power supply circuit of the control unit 130 and the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 from the high-frequency interference source of the DC-DC converter circuit 110, while reducing the overall heat loss of the power supply module 140.

[0050] Furthermore, the power supply branch of the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 and the power supply branch of the DC conversion circuit 110, as well as the power consumption unit in the high-voltage area, also adopt the isolated auxiliary power supply setting method described in the above embodiments.

[0051] As an example, the first power supply unit 141 can employ a linear regulator or a switching regulator. Linear regulators offer advantages such as low noise and fast response, making them suitable for powering devices with high power quality requirements, such as the control unit 130 and the electrical parameter acquisition module 120. Switching regulators offer high efficiency and are suitable for high-power supply scenarios.

[0052] The second power supply unit 142 can be a flyback power supply or a buck-boost power supply. Flyback power supplies offer advantages such as good isolation and high efficiency, making them suitable for scenarios requiring electrical isolation. Buck-boost power supplies offer the advantage of a wide input voltage range, making them suitable for scenarios with large input voltage fluctuations.

[0053] Therefore, by adopting a two-stage power supply structure, the appropriate power supply type can be selected according to the characteristics of different power-consuming units, thereby improving power supply efficiency and reliability.

[0054] This embodiment achieves tiered power supply for different power-consuming units, improving power supply efficiency and reliability. By adopting a two-stage power supply structure, appropriate power types can be selected for the different power supply requirements of the control unit 130, the electrical parameter acquisition module 120, and the DC-DC conversion circuit 110, avoiding the problem that a single power supply cannot meet the needs of multiple power-consuming units. At the same time, by integrating the power supply function into the power module 140, the circuit structure is simplified and the system integration is improved.

[0055] In some of the solutions described above in this application, the second power supply unit 142 needs to provide a stable power supply to the DC-DC conversion circuit 110. However, conventional power supply units suffer from insufficient efficiency or excessive cost during the voltage conversion process between the high-voltage battery 200 and the low-voltage battery 300.

[0056] In this regard, this application further proposes that the second power supply unit 142 is a flyback power supply or a buck-boost power supply.

[0057] In this embodiment, the flyback power supply achieves energy transfer through a high-frequency transformer. Its primary winding is connected to the output terminal of the low-voltage battery 300, and its secondary winding is connected to the power supply terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110. The buck-boost power supply adopts a bidirectional switching topology. Its input terminal is connected in parallel with the output terminal of the first power supply unit 141, and its output terminal is connected to the power supply terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 through an inductor.

[0058] Specifically, the flyback power supply stores energy in the transformer via pulse width modulation under high-voltage input conditions, transferring energy to the secondary winding during the switching transistor's turn-off period, thus achieving isolated conversion between the input and output voltages. This structure is suitable for scenarios where the input voltage is higher than the output voltage; for example, when the input voltage is 12V, it can stably output 5.8V to the DC-DC converter circuit 110. The buck-boost power supply controls the inductor's charging and discharging cycle by adjusting the duty cycle, maintaining a constant supply voltage required by the DC-DC converter circuit 110 even when the input voltage fluctuates significantly. Both power supply units employ a single-stage conversion structure, reducing the number of power devices compared to traditional multi-stage conversion schemes.

[0059] As an example, when a flyback power supply is used as the second power supply unit 142, the flyback power supply includes a high-frequency transformer, a switching transistor, a rectifier diode, and an output capacitor. The primary winding of the transformer is connected in series with the switching transistor and connected to the output terminal of the low-voltage battery 300. The secondary winding is connected to the rectifier diode and the output capacitor to form the output terminal. During operation, the switching transistor periodically turns on and off. When the switching transistor is on, current flows through the primary winding of the transformer, storing energy; when the switching transistor is off, a voltage is induced in the secondary winding of the transformer, which charges the output capacitor through the rectifier diode, thereby realizing voltage conversion and energy transfer. For example, when a stable 5.8V voltage is required to provide a DC-DC converter circuit 110, the energy storage and release process of the transformer can be controlled by adjusting the on-time and off-time of the switching transistor (i.e., pulse width modulation), so that the output terminal stably outputs a 5.8V voltage. The flyback power supply has the advantage of electrical isolation, which can ensure electrical isolation between the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side, improving the safety of the system.

[0060] When a buck-boost power supply is used as the second power supply unit 142, the buck-boost power supply includes an inductor, a switching transistor, a rectifier diode, and an output capacitor. The inductor and switching transistor are connected in series and connected to the output terminal of the low-voltage battery 300. The rectifier diode and output capacitor are connected in parallel to form the output terminal. During operation, the charging and discharging cycle of the inductor can be controlled by controlling the on-time ratio (i.e., duty cycle) of the switching transistor. When the switching transistor is on, the inductor stores energy; when the switching transistor is off, the inductor releases energy, which charges the output capacitor through the rectifier diode, thereby realizing voltage buck-boost conversion. For example, when the voltage of the low-voltage battery 300 fluctuates within a large range (e.g., 10V~14V), the buck-boost power supply can still adjust the duty cycle to stably output the constant supply voltage (e.g., 5.8V) required by the DC-DC conversion circuit 110. The buck-boost power supply has the advantage of a wide input voltage range and can adapt to the stable power supply requirements under different input voltage conditions.

[0061] This embodiment allows for flexible selection of a suitable power supply type to meet the needs of different application scenarios. The flyback power supply features isolation and is suitable for applications requiring electrical isolation. The buck-boost power supply can adjust the output voltage over a wide range to adapt to input voltage fluctuations. Both power supply types can efficiently and stably power the DC-DC converter circuit 110, ensuring the reliable operation of the entire battery-powered system.

[0062] In some of the solutions described above in this application, the DC-DC conversion circuit achieves voltage conversion with the help of a battery management system and a DC-DC converter, but the hardware cost is high and the control precision is insufficient, resulting in limited system stability.

[0063] In this regard, such as Figure 3As shown, this application further proposes a DC-DC conversion circuit 110 including a high-voltage zone circuit 111, a transformer 113, and a low-voltage zone circuit 112; The high-voltage circuit 111 is electrically connected to the high-voltage winding of the transformer 113 through the first power device 1112, and is used to control the working state of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 based on the switching state of the first power device 1112. The low-voltage circuit 112 is electrically connected to the low-voltage winding of the transformer 113 through the second power device 1122, and is used to control the working state of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 based on the switching state of the second power device 1122. The control unit 130 controls the switching states of the first power device 1112 and the second power device 1122 based on the first electrical parameters and the second electrical parameters, so as to control the working state of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110.

[0064] In this embodiment, the high-voltage circuit 111 is connected to the high-voltage battery 200 and includes an input filter module 1111 and a first power device 1112. The input filter module 1111 is used to filter the input signal to eliminate noise or irrelevant high-frequency components. The switching on and off of the high-voltage winding current is controlled by the switching on and off of the first power device 1112. The transformer 113 transfers the high-voltage side energy to the low-voltage side through magnetic coupling.

[0065] The low-voltage circuit 112 is connected to the low-voltage battery 300 and includes an output filter module 1121 and a second power device 1122. The output filter module 1121 is used to smooth the output signal and filter out unnecessary harmonics or fluctuations. Energy output is achieved through the synchronous rectification action of the second power device 1122.

[0066] The first power device can be a MOSFET or an IGBT, and the second power device can be a synchronous rectifier MOSFET. The control unit 130 achieves precise regulation of the output voltage by adjusting the duty cycle and phase difference of the two power devices.

[0067] Specifically, when the high-voltage battery 200 receives energy, the control unit 130, based on the voltage and current parameters acquired by the electrical parameter acquisition module 120, sends a PWM signal to the high-voltage circuit 111 to drive the first power device 1112 to perform high-frequency switching, causing the high-voltage winding of the transformer 113 to generate an alternating magnetic field. The low-voltage winding generates a corresponding voltage through magnetic induction. At this time, the second power device 1122 performs synchronous rectification under the command of the control unit 130, converting the AC power into DC power for output to the low-voltage battery 300. By monitoring the electrical parameters on the high-voltage and low-voltage sides in real time, the control unit 130 dynamically adjusts the switching sequence of the two power devices. For example, it increases the conduction time of the first power device 1112 when the high-voltage side voltage fluctuates, or turns off the second power device 1122 when there is overcurrent on the low-voltage side, thereby simplifying the system structure while achieving efficient energy conversion and multiple protection functions.

[0068] This embodiment achieves precise control over the operating state of the DC-DC converter circuit. By adjusting the switching state of the power devices based on the electrical parameters of the high-voltage battery and the input terminals of the DC-DC converter circuit, the operating mode of the DC-DC converter circuit can be dynamically adjusted according to actual working conditions, improving voltage conversion efficiency. Simultaneously, this control method also enhances system safety, allowing for timely circuit disconnection in abnormal situations to prevent component damage.

[0069] In some of the solutions described above in this application, the low-voltage circuit 112 is connected to the low-voltage winding of the transformer 113 through the second power device 1122, and the operating state of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 is controlled based on the switching state of the second power device 1122. However, if there is a lack of a precise control mechanism for the switching state of the second power device 1122, it may lead to switching timing deviation or unstable drive signal, thereby affecting voltage conversion efficiency or causing device losses.

[0070] In this regard, this application further proposes that the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 also includes: The control sub-circuit 114 is electrically connected to the second power device 1122 and is used to control the switching state of the second power device 1122.

[0071] In this embodiment, the control sub-circuit 114 can be implemented using either a drive module or a synchronous rectifier controller. The drive module directly drives the second power device 1122 through the PWM signal output by the control unit, realizing active switching control; the synchronous rectifier controller autonomously triggers the second power device 1122 to turn on and off by monitoring the voltage or current changes of the low-voltage winding of the transformer in real time. Both methods transmit control signals through electrical connections. The drive module and the control unit 130 form a closed-loop control link, and the synchronous rectifier controller and the low-voltage winding form a parameter feedback link. In specific implementations, the drive module can use an isolated gate driver with an operating voltage range of 5-15V; the synchronous rectifier controller can integrate a zero-crossing detection circuit, with a response time controlled within 100ns.

[0072] Similarly, the first power device 1112 will also have a corresponding control sub-circuit 114. It should be noted that the control sub-circuit 114 of the first power device 1112 can only be driven directly by the PWM signal output by the control unit through the drive module to achieve active switching control.

[0073] Specifically, when the control sub-circuit 114 of the second power device 1122 uses a drive module, the control unit 130 generates a PWM signal with an adjustable duty cycle. After level conversion and power amplification by the drive module, the signal is directly applied to the control electrode of the second power device 1122. This method precisely controls the on-time of the switching transistor by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, so that the rectified voltage output from the low-voltage winding dynamically matches the load demand. When a synchronous rectifier controller is used, the synchronous rectifier controller continuously monitors the voltage polarity change across the low-voltage winding and automatically outputs a drive signal when the winding voltage crosses zero, so that the second power device turns on at the optimal time, effectively reducing the conduction loss caused by traditional diode rectification. Both control methods directly apply to the power device through hardware circuits, without relying on software algorithms, and complete state switching within microseconds, ensuring timing accuracy under high-frequency switching conditions.

[0074] As an example, the DC-DC converter circuit 110 also includes a control sub-circuit 114. The control sub-circuit 114 is electrically connected to the second power device 1122 and is used to control the switching state of the second power device 1122. Specifically, the control sub-circuit 114 can be a drive module or a synchronous rectifier controller. When the control sub-circuit 114 is a drive module, the first terminal of the drive module is electrically connected to the control unit 130, and the second terminal of the drive module is electrically connected to the second power device 1122. The control unit 130 controls the switching state of the second power device 1122. When the control sub-circuit 114 is a synchronous rectifier controller, the synchronous rectifier controller controls the switching state of the second power device 1122 based on changes in the electrical parameters of the low-voltage winding of the transformer 113.

[0075] This embodiment achieves precise control over the switching state of the second power device 1122. Consequently, the operating state of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 is effectively regulated, ensuring a more stable and reliable voltage conversion process from the high-voltage battery 200 to the low-voltage battery 300.

[0076] In some of the solutions described above in this application, the control sub-circuit 114 corresponding to the low-voltage circuit 112 needs to effectively control the switching state of the second power device 1122. However, traditional control methods have problems such as insufficient response speed or reliance on complex external signals, which leads to a decrease in the working efficiency of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110.

[0077] In this regard, this application further proposes that the control sub-circuit 114 be any of the following: The drive module has a first end electrically connected to the control unit 130 and a second end electrically connected to the second power device 1122, and is used to control the switching state of the second power device 1122 through the control unit 130. The synchronous rectifier controller is used to control the switching state of the second power device 1122 based on the changes in the electrical parameters of the low-voltage winding of transformer 113.

[0078] In this embodiment, the drive module receives direct commands from the control unit 130 to form a closed-loop control link, ensuring that the switching action is synchronized with system requirements. The synchronous rectification controller autonomously triggers the turn-on and turn-off of the second power device 1122 by monitoring the voltage or current phase changes of the low-voltage winding in real time. The drive module can be an isolated gate driver, with its input side connected to the PWM output pin of the control unit 130 and its output side connected to the gate of the MOSFET through a resistor network. The synchronous rectification controller can integrate a voltage comparator and logic judgment circuit, automatically generating a drive signal when it detects a reversal of the voltage polarity across the low-voltage winding.

[0079] Specifically, in the drive module implementation, the control unit 130 generates a PWM waveform based on the electrical parameters of the high-voltage battery 200 and the input of the DC-DC converter circuit 110. The drive module converts this waveform into a pulse signal adapted to the drive voltage of the second power device 114, precisely controlling its duty cycle. In the synchronous rectifier controller implementation, the voltage fluctuations generated by the low-voltage winding of the transformer 113 during power transmission are collected in real time. When the winding voltage is below zero, the synchronous rectifier controller immediately shuts down the second power device 1122 to avoid reverse current. When a positive voltage is detected, the synchronous rectifier controller turns on the second power device 1122 after a specific delay to achieve zero-voltage switching. These two implementations, through external command drive and internal parameter feedback mechanisms respectively, ensure that the second power device 1122 operates under optimal timing, reducing switching losses and improving conversion efficiency.

[0080] As an example, the control sub-circuit 114 can be a drive module or a synchronous rectifier controller. When the control sub-circuit 114 is a drive module, the first terminal of the drive module is electrically connected to the control unit 130, and the second terminal of the drive module is electrically connected to the second power device 1122. The drive module controls the switching state of the second power device 1122 through the control unit 130. Specifically, the control unit 130 can send a control signal to the drive module, and the drive module generates a corresponding drive signal according to the received control signal and transmits the drive signal to the second power device 1122, thereby controlling the switching state of the second power device 1122.

[0081] When the control sub-circuit 114 is a synchronous rectifier controller, the synchronous rectifier controller controls the switching state of the second power device 1122 based on the changes in the electrical parameters of the low-voltage winding of the transformer 113. Specifically, the synchronous rectifier controller can monitor the voltage or current changes of the low-voltage winding of the transformer 113 in real time. When the detected voltage or current reaches a preset threshold, the synchronous rectifier controller automatically generates a control signal and transmits the control signal to the second power device 1122, thereby controlling the switching state of the second power device 1122.

[0082] This embodiment achieves precise control over the switching state of the second power device 1122. By using a drive module or synchronous rectifier controller, the switching sequence of the second power device 1122 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, improving the efficiency and stability of the DC-DC converter circuit 110. Furthermore, this control method can reduce the switching losses of the second power device 1122, extend its service life, and further improve the reliability and durability of the entire circuit system.

[0083] In some of the solutions described above in this application, the control unit 130 controls the working state of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 based on the electrical parameters of the high-voltage battery 200 and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110. However, it lacks real-time monitoring of the output state of the low-voltage battery 300, which may result in the low-voltage battery 300 failing to trigger the protection mechanism in time when it is over-voltage or over-current, thus affecting the reliability of the system.

[0084] In this regard, such as Figure 4 As shown, this application further proposes that the battery power supply circuit 100 also includes a power supply information feedback circuit 150, which includes a power supply information sampling unit 151; The first terminal of the power supply information sampling unit 151 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110, and the second terminal of the power supply information sampling unit 151 is electrically connected to the control unit 130. The power supply information sampling unit 151 is used to sample power supply information and, based on the sampled power supply information, feed back the battery status of the low-voltage battery 300 to the control unit 130 so that the control unit 130 can execute the corresponding battery protection strategy. The power supply information includes at least one of voltage information, current information, and temperature information.

[0085] In this embodiment, the power supply information sampling unit 151 can select to collect the voltage signal at the output terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 via a voltage sensor, the current signal at the output terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 via a current sensor, and the temperature signal at the output terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 via a temperature sensor. The voltage sensor is implemented using a voltage divider resistor network, the current sensor is implemented using a Hall effect sensor, and the temperature sensor is determined by the resistance of a thermistor changing with temperature. The sampled signal is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter module and then transmitted to the control unit. The sampling frequency is set to 1kHz. The control unit 130 has a built-in comparator module and presets overvoltage threshold, undervoltage threshold, overcurrent threshold, and overtemperature threshold, etc.

[0086] Specifically, when the DC-DC converter circuit 110 supplies power to the low-voltage battery 300, the voltage divider resistor network collects the output voltage in real time. The voltage signal after voltage division is converted by the analog-to-digital converter and then transmitted to the control unit 130. The Hall sensor synchronously collects the output current, and its output signal is processed by the differential amplifier circuit and then input to the analog-to-digital converter. The temperature sensor synchronously collects the temperature signal at the output of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 and transmits it to the control unit 130.

[0087] The control unit compares sampled values ​​with preset thresholds and immediately shuts off the power devices of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 when it detects overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, or overtemperature. This process effectively prevents damage to the low-voltage battery 300 caused by abnormal power supply. The power supply information sampling unit 151 and the control unit 130 form a closed-loop monitoring system, which improves the triggering accuracy of the battery protection strategy by providing real-time feedback of voltage, current, and temperature parameters.

[0088] As an example, in the case where the power supply information sampling unit 151 in the power supply information feedback circuit 150 is a voltage sampling module composed of precision voltage divider resistors, this voltage sampling module is connected in parallel between the output of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 and the positive terminal of the low-voltage battery 300. The output of the voltage sampling module is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion interface of the control unit 130, and converts the high-voltage signal into a recognizable voltage range through the voltage division ratio.

[0089] When the power supply information sampling unit 151 in the power supply information feedback circuit 150 is a current sampling module, the current sampling module can use a Hall effect sensor, which is connected in series between the output terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 and the negative terminal of the low-voltage battery 300, and the sensor output terminal is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion interface of the control unit 130.

[0090] The control unit 130 has built-in overvoltage threshold register and overcurrent threshold register. When the sampled voltage exceeds the preset voltage threshold or the sampled current exceeds the preset current threshold, the interrupt program is immediately triggered to cut off the power transistor drive signal.

[0091] This embodiment achieves real-time closed-loop monitoring of the power supply status of the low-voltage battery 300. It can quickly activate the protection mechanism when abnormal voltage or current is detected, effectively preventing electronic component breakdown caused by overvoltage or circuit overheating caused by overcurrent. At the same time, the integrated sampling circuit design reduces the hardware redundancy of the independent monitoring module in the traditional solution, improving system reliability.

[0092] In some of the solutions described above in this application, the power supply information feedback circuit 150 collects voltage and current information from the output terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 through the power supply information sampling unit 151, but does not perform real-time analysis and processing of the collected information, which makes it impossible to identify the abnormal state of the low-voltage battery 300 in time, which may lead to overvoltage or overcurrent risks.

[0093] In this regard, such as Figure 4 As shown, this application further proposes that the power supply information feedback circuit 150 also includes a power supply protection unit 152; The first end of the power supply protection unit 152 is electrically connected to the second end of the power supply information sampling unit 151, and the second end of the power supply protection unit 152 is electrically connected to the control unit 130. The power supply protection unit 152 is used to determine the battery status of the low-voltage battery 300 based on the power supply information sampled by the power supply information sampling unit 151, and to feed back the battery status of the low-voltage battery 300 to the control unit 130 so that the control unit 130 executes the corresponding battery protection strategy. The power supply protection unit 152 includes at least one of a voltage protection unit, a current protection unit, and a temperature protection unit.

[0094] In this embodiment, the power supply protection unit 152 can monitor voltage information in real time through a voltage protection unit, current information in real time through a current protection unit, or temperature information in real time through a temperature protection unit. The voltage protection unit sets overvoltage and undervoltage thresholds; when the sampled voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold or falls below the undervoltage threshold, a protection signal is triggered. The current protection unit sets an overcurrent threshold; when the sampled current exceeds the threshold, a protection signal is triggered. The temperature protection unit sets an overtemperature threshold; when the sampled temperature exceeds the threshold, a protection signal is triggered. The power supply protection unit 152 transmits the protection signal to the control unit 130, which then cuts off the DC-DC converter circuit 110 or adjusts its operating state according to the signal type.

[0095] Specifically, the power supply information sampling unit 151 collects the voltage at the output terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 through a voltage divider resistor network, or collects the current at the output terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 through a current sensor, or collects the temperature at the output terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 through a temperature sensor. After receiving the sampled data, the power supply protection unit 152 compares the voltage value with preset thresholds in real time, for example, the overvoltage threshold is set to 14.5V and the undervoltage threshold is set to 10.5V; the current protection unit compares the current value with the overcurrent threshold (e.g., 20A), and the temperature protection unit compares the temperature value with the overtemperature threshold (e.g., 60 degrees). When the voltage, current, or temperature exceeds the threshold range, the power supply protection unit 152 generates a corresponding fault signal and transmits it to the control unit 130. After receiving the fault signal, the control unit 130 immediately disconnects the power devices of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 or reduces its switching frequency to limit the output power. Through real-time monitoring and rapid response, overcharging, over-discharging, or overcurrent problems of the low-voltage battery 300 are effectively suppressed, avoiding battery damage or system failure.

[0096] As an example, the power supply information feedback circuit 150 includes a voltage protection unit and a current protection unit. The voltage protection unit uses an LM393 voltage comparator to build an overvoltage detection circuit. Its non-inverting input is connected to the voltage signal output by the power supply information sampling unit 151, and its inverting input is connected to a 2.8V reference voltage. When the sampled voltage exceeds the reference value, the comparator outputs a low-level signal to the GPIO port of the control unit 130. The current protection unit uses an INA240 current sensing amplifier to acquire the output current signal in real time. When the detected current exceeds the 15A threshold, its FAULT pin outputs a fault signal to the dedicated protection pin of the control unit 130. The fault signal output by the power supply protection unit 152 is transmitted through an optocoupler isolation circuit to ensure electrical isolation between the high and low voltage circuits. After receiving the fault signal, the control unit 130 immediately cuts off the enable signal of the DC-DC conversion circuit.

[0097] This embodiment achieves real-time graded protection of the low-voltage battery 300's operating status. The hardware protection circuit composed of the voltage comparator and the current detection chip can operate independently of the control unit 130, achieving microsecond-level fast response in the event of transient overvoltage or overcurrent, effectively avoiding the delay problem caused by software processing.

[0098] In some of the solutions described above in this application, the power supply protection unit 152 determines the battery status of the low-voltage battery based on the power supply information collected by the power supply information sampling unit 151, and feeds back the status to the control unit 130 to trigger the protection strategy. However, if there are transient fluctuations or brief anomalies in the status signal during the process of the power supply protection unit 152 outputting the status signal to the control unit 130, the control unit 130 may be unable to accurately identify the valid status, thereby affecting the timeliness and accuracy of the protection strategy.

[0099] In this regard, such as Figure 4 As shown, this application further proposes that the power supply information feedback circuit 150 also includes a status latch unit 153; The first end of the state latch unit 153 is electrically connected to the second end of the power supply protection unit 152, and the second end of the state latch unit 153 is electrically connected to the control unit 130. The state latch unit 153 is used to store the battery status of the low-voltage battery 300 fed back by the power supply protection unit 152, and to feed back the battery status of the low-voltage battery 300 to the control unit 130 so that the control unit 130 executes the corresponding battery protection strategy.

[0100] In this embodiment, the state latch unit 153 can be implemented using a trigger or a register. Its input receives the state signal output by the power supply protection unit 152, and its output is connected to the input port of the control unit 130. After the state signal output by the power supply protection unit 152 is latched, it remains stable within the storage period of the state latch unit 153 to avoid signal jumps or noise interference. The state latch unit 153 can be configured in edge-triggered or level-triggered mode. For example, when the power supply protection unit 152 outputs a high-level abnormal signal, the state latch unit 153 immediately latches the state and maintains it for at least 10ms to ensure that the control unit 130 has sufficient time to read the state. In addition, a one-way data transmission channel can be set between the state latch unit 153 and the control unit 130 to prevent signal feedback interference. The state signal latched in the state latch unit 153, after being read by the control unit 130, needs to be cleared before it can be stored again to avoid frequent jumps in the fault state.

[0101] Specifically, when the power supply information sampling unit 151 detects that the voltage or current of the low-voltage battery 300 exceeds a threshold, the power supply protection unit 152 determines that the battery status is abnormal and generates a corresponding status signal. The status latching unit 153 receives this signal, stores it, and maintains a stable output to the control unit 130. After reading the latched status, the control unit 130 cuts off the DC-DC conversion circuit 110 or adjusts its operating mode according to a preset strategy. For example, in an overvoltage state, the status latching unit 153 locks the overvoltage flag, and the control unit 130 accordingly shuts down the first power device 1112 of the high-voltage circuit 111. Through the storage function of the status latching unit 153, even if the abnormal signal output by the power supply protection unit 152 disappears within a short time, the control unit 130 can still perform protection actions based on the latched status, avoiding protection failure caused by transient signal changes. Simultaneously, the data retention characteristic of the status latching unit 153 allows the control unit 130 to continuously read the same abnormal status within multiple operating cycles, ensuring the continuity of the protection logic.

[0102] As an example, the power supply information feedback circuit 150 includes a status latch unit 153, which is implemented using a D-type flip-flop. Its data input is connected to the outputs of the voltage protection unit and the current protection unit, and its clock input is connected to the abnormal detection signal output of the power supply protection unit 152. When the power supply protection unit 152 detects that the voltage of the low-voltage battery exceeds a preset threshold or the output current exceeds a safety limit, the abnormal detection signal triggers the status latch unit 153 to store the current voltage and current abnormal states into the flip-flop. The output of the flip-flop is connected to the GPIO port of the control unit 130 via an isolation optocoupler, transmitting the latched abnormal state signal to the control unit 130. Upon receiving the latch signal, the control unit 130 immediately cuts off the power device drive signal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 and simultaneously writes the fault code into the non-volatile memory.

[0103] This embodiment solves the problem of false triggering of protection strategies caused by transient fluctuations in battery status feedback signals in the prior art. The status latching unit 153 locks the abnormal state through hardware circuitry, ensuring that the control unit 130 accurately identifies overvoltage or overcurrent faults in the low-voltage battery 300, and avoiding protection delays or malfunctions caused by signal jitter. The persistent storage of abnormal states allows the system to maintain its protection state even after brief power supply fluctuations, while also providing traceable electrical parameter records for fault diagnosis.

[0104] Based on the battery power supply circuit 100 provided in this application, correspondingly, this application also provides a specific embodiment of a battery pack.

[0105] like Figure 1As shown, the battery pack includes a high-voltage battery 200, a low-voltage battery 300, and a battery power supply circuit 100 provided by any of the above. The high-voltage battery 200 is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery 300 through the battery power supply circuit 100. High-voltage battery 200 is used to charge low-voltage battery 300; Low-voltage battery 300 is used to power electrical equipment; The battery power supply circuit 100 is used to monitor the battery status of the high-voltage battery 200 and the low-voltage battery 300, and to control the voltage conversion between the high-voltage battery 200 and the low-voltage battery 300.

[0106] In this embodiment, the high-voltage battery 200 and the low-voltage battery 300 are electrically connected and intelligently managed through the integrated battery power supply circuit 100 provided by any of the above aspects: After the electrical parameter acquisition module 120 in the battery power supply circuit 100 acquires the first electrical parameter of the high-voltage battery 200 and the second electrical parameter of the input terminal of the DC-DC converter circuit 110, it sends the first electrical parameter and the second electrical parameter to the control unit 130. The control unit 130 then controls the working state of the DC-DC converter circuit 110 based on the first electrical parameter and the second electrical parameter, thereby converting the voltage of the high-voltage battery 200 into the supply voltage of the low-voltage battery 300 through the DC-DC converter circuit 110.

[0107] In this embodiment, the battery pack optimizes the allocation of circuit functions, deeply integrating the electrical parameter monitoring and conversion control logic between the high-voltage battery 200 and the low-voltage battery 300 into the battery power supply circuit 100. This eliminates the redundant architecture of traditional solutions that rely on independent battery management systems and complex converters for collaborative control. The battery status sensing and energy conversion regulation functions are realized in a closed loop by a single circuit module. This avoids the signal delay and compatibility risks caused by the interaction of multiple components, and reduces hardware manufacturing costs by reducing the number of peripheral circuits and communication interfaces, significantly simplifying the overall system architecture and development complexity.

[0108] This application also proposes a vehicle that includes the battery-powered circuit described in the foregoing embodiments of this application. Details not disclosed in this embodiment can be found in the foregoing embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0109] It should be clarified that this application is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above and shown in the figures. For the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of known methods are omitted here. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method process of this application is not limited to the specific steps described and shown. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, and additions, or change the order of steps, after understanding the spirit of this application.

[0110] The functional blocks shown in the above-described structural diagram can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, they can be, for example, electronic circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), appropriate firmware, plug-ins, function cards, etc. When implemented in software, the elements of this application are programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. Programs or code segments can be stored on a machine-readable medium or transmitted over a transmission medium or communication link via data signals carried on a carrier wave. "Machine-readable medium" can include any medium capable of storing or transmitting information. Examples of machine-readable media include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, radio frequency (RF) links, etc. Code segments can be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet, intranets, etc.

[0111] It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this application describe methods or systems based on a series of steps or apparatus. However, this application is not limited to the order of the above steps; that is, the steps can be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or in a different order, or several steps can be performed simultaneously.

[0112] The aspects of this disclosure have been described above with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that each block in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that these instructions, executable via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, enable the implementation of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Such a processor can be, but is not limited to, a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a special application processor, or a field-programmable logic circuit. It is also understood that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can also be implemented by special-purpose hardware performing the specified functions or actions, or can be implemented by a combination of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[0113] The above description is merely a specific implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery powered circuit, characterized by The circuit comprises: a direct current conversion circuit, an input end of the direct current conversion circuit is electrically connected with a high-voltage battery, an output end of the direct current conversion circuit is electrically connected with a low-voltage battery, and the direct current conversion circuit is used for converting a voltage of the high-voltage battery into a supply voltage of the low-voltage battery; an electrical parameter acquisition module, the electrical parameter acquisition module is electrically connected with the input end of the direct current conversion circuit and the high-voltage battery respectively, the electrical parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring a first electrical parameter of the high-voltage battery and a second electrical parameter of the input end of the direct current conversion circuit; a control unit, a first end of the control unit is electrically connected with the electrical parameter acquisition module, a second end of the control unit is electrically connected with the direct current conversion circuit, and the control unit is used for controlling an operating state of the direct current conversion circuit based on the first electrical parameter and the second electrical parameter.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, The circuit further comprises: a power supply module, a first end of the power supply module is electrically connected with the low-voltage battery, a second end of the power supply module is electrically connected with the control unit, a third end of the power supply module is electrically connected with the electrical parameter acquisition module, and a fourth end of the power supply module is electrically connected with the direct current conversion circuit; the power supply module is used for supplying power to the control unit, the electrical parameter acquisition module and the direct current conversion circuit.

3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein, The power supply module comprises a first power supply unit and a second power supply unit, a first end of the first power supply unit is electrically connected with the low-voltage battery, a second end of the first power supply unit is electrically connected with the control unit, a third end of the first power supply unit is electrically connected with the electrical parameter acquisition module, a first end of the second power supply unit is electrically connected with the low-voltage battery, and a second end of the second power supply unit is electrically connected with the direct current conversion circuit; the first power supply unit is used for supplying power to the control unit and the electrical parameter acquisition module; the second power supply unit is used for supplying power to the direct current conversion circuit.

4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein, The second power supply unit is a flyback power supply or a step-up and step-down power supply.

5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, The direct current conversion circuit comprises a high-voltage area circuit, a transformer and a low-voltage area circuit; the high-voltage area circuit is electrically connected with a high-voltage winding of the transformer through a first power device, and is used for controlling the operating state of the direct current conversion circuit based on a switching state of the first power device; the low-voltage area circuit is electrically connected with a low-voltage winding of the transformer through a second power device, and is used for controlling the operating state of the direct current conversion circuit based on a switching state of the second power device; the control unit controls the switching states of the first power device and the second power device based on the first electrical parameter and the second electrical parameter, so as to control the operating state of the direct current conversion circuit.

6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein, The direct current conversion circuit further comprises: a control sub-circuit, the control sub-circuit is electrically connected with the second power device, and is used for controlling the switching state of the second power device.

7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein, The control sub-circuit is any one of the following: a driving module, a first end of the driving module being electrically connected with the control unit, and a second end of the driving module being electrically connected with the second power device, for controlling the switching state of the second power device through the control unit; a synchronous rectification controller, for controlling the switching state of the second power device based on the change of the electrical parameter of the low-voltage winding of the transformer.

8. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, The circuit further comprises a power supply information feedback circuit, and the power supply information feedback circuit comprises a power supply information sampling unit; a first end of the power supply information sampling unit being electrically connected with the output end of the direct-current conversion circuit, and a second end of the power supply information sampling unit being electrically connected with the control unit; the power supply information sampling unit is used for sampling power supply information, and feeding back the battery state of the low-voltage battery to the control unit based on the sampled power supply information, so that the control unit executes the corresponding battery protection strategy; wherein the power supply information comprises at least one of voltage information, current information and temperature information.

9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein, The power supply information feedback circuit further comprises a power supply protection unit; a first end of the power supply protection unit being electrically connected with the second end of the power supply information sampling unit, and a second end of the power supply protection unit being electrically connected with the control unit; the power supply protection unit is used for determining the battery state of the low-voltage battery based on the power supply information sampled by the power supply information sampling unit, and feeding back the battery state of the low-voltage battery to the control unit, so that the control unit executes the corresponding battery protection strategy; wherein the power supply protection unit comprises at least one of a voltage protection unit, a current protection unit and a temperature protection unit.

10. The circuit of claim 9, wherein, The power supply information feedback circuit further comprises a state latching unit; a first end of the state latching unit being electrically connected with the second end of the power supply protection unit, and a second end of the state latching unit being electrically connected with the control unit; the state latching unit is used for storing the battery state of the low-voltage battery fed back by the power supply protection unit, and feeding back the battery state of the low-voltage battery to the control unit, so that the control unit executes the corresponding battery protection strategy.

11. A battery pack, characterized by The battery pack comprises a high-voltage battery, a low-voltage battery and the battery power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1-10, the high-voltage battery being electrically connected with the low-voltage battery through the battery power supply circuit; the high-voltage battery is used for charging the low-voltage battery; the low-voltage battery is used for supplying power to the electric device; the battery power supply circuit is used for monitoring the battery states of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery, and for controlling the voltage conversion between the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery.

12. A vehicle characterized by comprising: The battery power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1-10 is included.

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