Suspension concentrate composition of spinosad

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel suspension concentrate (SC) compositions comprising a spinosad insecticide, at least one dispersant, and specific additives. The invention also relates to the disclosed compositions which are diluted and can be immediately used. The SC compositions of the present invention are stable and can be used to control animal pests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to novel suspension concentrate (SC) compositions comprising: a spinosyn insecticide, at least one dispersant, and specific additives. The SC compositions of this invention are stable and can be used to control animal pests. Background Technology

[0002] The arrival of the "Green" revolution in the mid-20th century marked a major turning point in agricultural practices, leading to a dramatic increase in global crop yields. This revolution was primarily driven by the introduction of high-yield crop varieties, improved irrigation techniques, and the widespread use of synthetic chemicals for pest control. Pesticides (such as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) played a crucial role in protecting crops from pests and diseases, thereby ensuring higher productivity and food security. While the widespread adoption of these chemicals resulted in significant increases in agricultural productivity, concerns about their environmental impact and potential health risks forced a shift towards more sustainable alternatives.

[0003] In recent decades, the agro-industrial complex has undergone a shift towards the use of natural products as pesticides. This shift has been facilitated by the implementation of stringent pesticide registration procedures, including the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) in the United States. The FQPA, enacted in 1996, authorized a comprehensive reassessment of pesticide safety and introduced a more stringent risk-based approach to pesticide regulation. Under the FQPA, greater emphasis is placed on assessing the potential adverse effects of pesticides on human health (Dayan FE, Cantrell CL, Duke SO. Natural products in crop protection. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009, June 15; 17(12):4022-34). This regulatory shift, coupled with growing environmental concerns, has driven the development and commercialization of natural product-based pesticides that provide effective pest control while minimizing ecological and health risks.

[0004] Among the significant advances in natural product-based pest control agents, spinosad insecticides have garnered considerable attention due to their unique properties and commercial value. Spinosad is a naturally derived compound produced by the fermentation of the bacterium *Saccharopolyspora spinosa*, and its unique mechanism of action involves the disruption of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Compared to many other insecticides, spinosad generally exhibits greater selectivity towards target insects and less activity against many beneficial predators, as well as mammals and other aquatic and avian animals.

[0005] The commercial success of spinosad insecticides can be attributed to their excellent efficacy, broad-spectrum activity, and favorable safety profile. They have been widely used in a variety of agricultural environments, including field crops, vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants.

[0006] Spinosad is a combination of two major fermentation factors, spinosad A and D. Its structure-activity relationship has been extensively studied, leading to the development of a semi-synthetic second-generation derivative, ethyl spinosad.

[0007] The development of spinosad-based formulations has facilitated safer and more environmentally friendly pest control solutions that provide effective pest management strategies while minimizing the potential risks associated with conventional chemical pest control agents and will help farmers address pest resistance issues arising from long-term use of traditional synthetic chemicals.

[0008] Suspension concentrates (SCs) are formulations of solid active ingredients dispersed in water. For a stable SC composition to be formulated, the active ingredient must remain insoluble under all temperature conditions. If the SC is not properly stabilized, the formulation may decompose, causing solid particles to float to the surface or settle to the bottom of the commercial container, depending on the relative density. This results in a non-uniform distribution, leading to a shortened shelf life and poor performance in the field. To overcome this problem, when formulating SCs, the formulator adds a rheology modifier as an essential component to provide a composition with increased viscosity, thus preventing the sedimentation of the solid active ingredient. Commonly used rheology modifiers include xanthan gum (a polysaccharide) and Veegum. ® (Magnesium aluminum silicate) hydrophilic silica, montmorillonite, bentonite clay, cellulose and cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose. Summary of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, it has now been discovered that insecticidal suspension concentrate (SC) compositions comprising spinosad insecticide, at least one dispersant and specific additives (more specifically, wherein the alkyl group contains about 1 carbon atom to about 10 carbon atoms of polyalkoxylated alkyl ether) can be formulated without the incorporation of rheology modifiers and still provide a stable and uniformly dispersed SC composition.

[0010] For example, and as shown in the experimental section of this article, a particular SC composition comprising the spinosad insecticide spinosad, a dispersant selected from Tersperse 2020 (Indorama) and Atlox 4913 (Croda) and the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether Atlas G5002 LQ (Croda) was uniformly and homogeneously dispersed when diluted with water.

[0011] This discovery is significant because it enables the efficient application of SC formulations containing spinosad insecticides without addressing issues related to viscosity and pourability at application, while maintaining the chemical stability of the solid active ingredient contained within the SC formulation.

[0012] Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention relates to an insecticidal suspension concentrate composition comprising: a) spinosad insecticide; b) at least one dispersant; and c) a polyalkoxylated alkyl ether, wherein the alkyl group contains about 1 carbon atom to about 10 carbon atoms.

[0013] In another aspect, the present invention relates to methods for using SC insecticidal compositions as defined above. For example, in a particular such aspect, a method for controlling animal pests is disclosed herein, comprising applying an effective amount of such SC composition to a site (e.g., a crop field).

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the disclosed composition, which is diluted and ready for immediate use, and comprises: from about 0.001% to about 2% by weight of the spinosad insecticide; from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% by weight of a dispersant; and from about 0.00001% to about 0.5% by weight of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether. Detailed Implementation

[0015] definition

[0016] Before detailing the subject matter of this invention, it may be helpful to provide definitions for certain terms used herein. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this subject matter pertains. For clarity, the following definitions are provided.

[0017] Unless otherwise specified, the term "a / an" as used herein includes both the singular and the plural. Therefore, the terms "a / an" or "at least one" are used interchangeably in this application.

[0018] As used herein, the verb "comprising" and its variations as used in this specification and claims are used in their non-limiting sense to mean including items that follow the word, but not excluding items not specifically mentioned.

[0019] As used herein, the term "about," when used in conjunction with numerical values, includes ±10% of the indicated value. Furthermore, all ranges relating to the same component or property herein include endpoints, are independently combinable, and include all intermediate points and ranges. It should be understood that, where a parameter range is provided, the invention also provides all integers within that range and their tenths digits.

[0020] As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the amount of an active ingredient commercially recommended for the control and / or prevention of pests. The commercially recommended amount of each active ingredient (usually specified as the application rate of the commercial formulation) can be found on the label accompanying the commercial formulation. The commercially recommended application rate of a commercial formulation can vary depending on factors such as the plant species and the pest to be controlled.

[0021] As used herein, the term “pest” includes, but is not limited to, unwanted plant pathogenic fungi, unwanted insects, unwanted nematodes, and weeds.

[0022] As used herein, the term “pesticide” broadly refers to any agent that can be used to prevent, control, and / or kill pests. This term should be understood to include, but is not limited to, fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, herbicides, acaricides, parasiteicides, or other control agents. For chemical categories and applications, and specific compounds in each category, see “The Pesticide Manual Thirteenth Edition” (British Crop Protection Council, Hampshire, UK, 2003) and “The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 3” (British Crop Protection Council, Hampshire, UK, 2003-04), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0023] As used herein, the term "site" includes not only areas where pests may have grown, but also areas where pests have not yet appeared, and cultivated areas. Site includes plants or crops and their propagation material. Site also includes the area surrounding the plants or crops and their growing medium, such as soil and crop fields.

[0024] As used herein, the terms “plant” or “crop” include references to whole plants, plant organs (e.g., leaves, stems, twigs, roots, trunks, branches, buds, fruits, etc.), plant cells, or plant seeds. The term also covers plant crops, including fruits, spores, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, basal shoots, stolons, and buds, as well as other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants that will be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. “Plant” or “crop” can be a plant that can be obtained through conventional breeding and optimization methods or through biotechnology and genetic engineering methods, or a combination of these methods, including transgenic plants, and includes plant varieties that may or may not be protected by plant breeder rights.

[0025] As used in this article, the term "ha" refers to a hectare.

[0026] As used herein, the term “agriculturally acceptable carrier” means a carrier known and accepted in the art for the formation of compositions / formulations for agricultural or horticultural purposes.

[0027] As used herein, the terms “viscosity control agent,” “rheology modifier,” and “thickener” refer to additives that are added to agrochemical formulations to increase their viscosity and prevent the sedimentation of the active ingredient, thereby imparting greater stability and allowing for longer storage periods, while also allowing the formulation to remain flowable under standard use conditions.

[0028] As used herein, the term "dispersant" refers to an agriculturally acceptable material that improves the stability of SC insecticide formulations (stability of the formulation itself when the solid is suspended for a long time, or stability in a spray can after being mixed with water) by improving particle separation and preventing their consolidation or agglomeration (e.g., by inhibiting crystal growth or avoiding particle aggregation).

[0029] The “composition” or “formulation” may be applied, for example, as a single “ready-to-use with water” or as a combined spray mixture (which consists of individual formulations of a single active ingredient component) (such as a “bucket mix”).

[0030] In one aspect, the present invention relates to an insecticidal suspension concentrate composition comprising: a) spinosad insecticide; b) at least one dispersant; and c) a polyalkoxylated alkyl ether, wherein the alkyl group contains about 1 carbon atom to about 10 carbon atoms.

[0031] Suspension concentrates (SCs) are formulations of solid active ingredients dispersed in water. For a stable SC composition to be formulated, the active ingredient must remain insoluble under all temperature conditions. If the SC is not properly stabilized, the formulation may decompose, causing solid particles to float to the surface or settle to the bottom of the commercial container, depending on the relative density. This results in a non-uniform distribution, leading to a shortened shelf life and poor performance in the field. To overcome this problem, when formulating SCs, the formulator adds a rheology modifier as an essential component to provide a composition with increased viscosity, thus preventing the sedimentation of the solid active ingredient. Commonly used rheology modifiers include xanthan gum (a polysaccharide) and Veegum. ® (Magnesium aluminum silicate), etc.

[0032] It has been found that the agrochemical suspension concentrate compositions of the present invention can be formulated without the addition of rheology modifiers and still provide stable, uniformly dispersed SC compositions.

[0033] In some embodiments, the dispersant is selected from vinylpyrrolidone polymers, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, polyacrylic acid graft copolymers, sodium lignosulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, alkyl aryl sulfonic acids and their salts, tristyrylphenol alkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphates and their salts, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate sulfates and their salts, stilbene phenol ethoxylate sulfates and their salts, polycarboxylate esters, vegetable oil ethoxylates, and any combination thereof.

[0034] In some embodiments, the dispersant is selected from polyacrylic acid graft copolymers, (alkyl)naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, and any combination thereof.

[0035] In some embodiments, the vinylpyrrolidone polymer is selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkylated vinylpyrrolidone polymers, vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, and any combination thereof.

[0036] In some embodiments, the vinylpyrrolidone copolymer is a vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymer.

[0037] Non-limiting examples of polyvinylpyrrolidone include Agrimer™ 15, Agrimer™ 30, Agrimer™ 60L, Agrimer™ 90 and Agrimer™ 120.

[0038] Non-limiting examples of vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers include Agrimer™ VA 3E, Agrimer™ VA 5E, Agrimer™ VA 6E, Agrimer™ VA 7E, Agrimer™ VA 3I, Agrimer™ VA 5I, Agrimer™ VA 7I, Agrimer™ VA 7W, and Agrimer™ VA 6.

[0039] In some embodiments, the polyacrylic acid graft copolymer comprises an acrylic monomer, its ester, and a salt.

[0040] In some embodiments, the polyacrylic acid graft copolymer is selected from (meth)acrylates grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains, (meth)acrylates grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains, and any combination thereof.

[0041] In some embodiments, the alkyl group of the (meth)acrylate grafted with a polyalkyl oxide chain is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and any combination thereof (e.g., Atlox™ 4913 and Agrilan). ® 755).

[0042] In some embodiments, the polyacrylate graft copolymer is selected from hydrophobically modified polyacrylates, such as Agrilan. ® 788 and Agrilan ® 789.

[0043] Non-limiting examples of sodium lignosulfonate include Vanisperse CB™.

[0044] Non-limiting examples of (alkyl)naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates include Tersperse. ® 2020, Morwet D-425 ® Morwet D-809 ® and Supragil ® MNS 88 / E.

[0045] Non-limiting examples of triphenylphenylphenol alkoxylates include Soprophor ® BSU, Soprophor ® CY / 8, Soprophor ® S / 25, Soprophor ® TS / 54 and Soprophor ® TSP / 724.

[0046] Non-limiting examples of tristyrylphenol ethoxylated phosphates and their salts include Soprophor. ® FL, Soprophor ® FL / 60, Soprophor ® FLK and Soprophor ® 3D33.

[0047] Non-limiting examples of triphenylphenol ethoxylates and their salts include Soprophor. ® 4D384 and Tersperse ® 2218.

[0048] Non-limiting examples of stilbene phenol ethoxylates and their salts include Soprophor. ® DSS / 7.

[0049] In some embodiments, the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether is a butyl ether of a polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymer.

[0050] Non-limiting examples of butyl ethers of polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymers include Ethylan. ® NS 500 and Atlas™ G5002 LQ, Antarox ® B / 848 and Synergen 848.

[0051] In some embodiments, the dispersant is methyl (meth)acrylate, (alkyl)naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, or any combination thereof grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains, and the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether is a butyl ether of a polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymer.

[0052] In some embodiments, the amount of dispersant contained in the SC composition of the present invention is about 0.5% to about 20%, about 0.5% to about 15%, about 0.5% to about 10%, about 2% to about 8%, or about 3% to about 7% by weight; and / or the amount of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether contained in the SC composition of the present invention is about 0.1% to about 15%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 5%, or about 0.5% to about 3% by weight.

[0053] In some embodiments, the amount of dispersant contained in the SC composition of the present invention is from about 1% to about 6% by weight; and / or the amount of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether contained in the SC composition of the present invention is from about 0.5% to about 3% by weight.

[0054] In some embodiments, the amount of dispersant contained in the SC composition of the present invention is about 6% by weight; and / or the amount of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether contained in the SC composition of the present invention is about 1% by weight.

[0055] It should be noted that each of the dispersants and polyalkoxylated alkyl ethers mentioned throughout this specification includes any commercially available product comprising or substantially composed of such a dispersant or surfactant. As used herein, the term "substantially composed of" with respect to a commercially available product means that the product contains at least 80%, but preferably at least about 85%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96%, 98%, or 99% by weight of the specific dispersant or polyalkoxylated alkyl ether, such that any other material (if included in the product) does not affect the fundamental physical and chemical properties of the dispersant or polyalkoxylated alkyl ether.

[0056] In some embodiments, the spinosad insecticide is selected from spinosad and ethyl spinosad.

[0057] In some embodiments, the amount of spinosad insecticide contained in the SC composition of the present invention is about 1% to about 60%, about 10% to about 55%, about 15% to about 50%, or about 20% to about 48% by weight.

[0058] In a particular embodiment of this, the spinosad insecticide is spinosad.

[0059] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate comprises: about 1% to about 60% by weight of the spinosad insecticide; about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of a dispersant; and about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether.

[0060] In a particular embodiment, the spinosad insecticide is spinosad; b) the dispersant is selected from alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, methyl methacrylate grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains, and any combination thereof; and c) the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether is a polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene butyl ether block copolymer.

[0061] In some embodiments, the SC composition further comprises a silicone-based surfactant.

[0062] In some embodiments, the silicone-based surfactant is selected from polyepoxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane.

[0063] Non-limiting examples of polyoxyalkylene-modified heptamethyltrisiloxanes include Break-thru ® S233, Break-thru® S240, Silwet ® L77 and Silwet ® 806.

[0064] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate further comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

[0065] In some embodiments, the at least one additive is selected from carriers, defoamers, wetting agents, antifreeze agents, stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, spreading agents, dyes, and penetrants.

[0066] In some embodiments, the carrier is water.

[0067] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate according to the invention comprises spinosad insecticide, a dispersant selected from alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, methyl methacrylate grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains and any combination thereof, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene butyl ether block copolymer and water.

[0068] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate according to the invention comprises spinosad, a dispersant selected from alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, methyl methacrylate grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains and any combination thereof, a polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene butyl ether block copolymer, and water.

[0069] Other suitable additives that may be present in all compositions of the present invention are defoamers, auxiliaries, preservatives, antioxidants, dyes, and inert fillers.

[0070] Suitable defoamers are all substances typically used for this purpose in agrochemicals. Preferred are silicone oils, silicone oil formulations, magnesium stearate, phosphonic acid, and phosphonic acid. An example is BreakThru from Evonik Industries AG. ® AF9902 or BreakThru ® AF9902, Silcolapse from Bluestar Silicones ® 482. Silfoam from Wacker Chemie. ® SCI 132 [dimethylsiloxane and silicone, CAS No. 63148-62-9], SAG 1538 or SAG1572 [dimethylsiloxane and silicone, CAS No. 63148-62-9] from Momentive, or Fluowet ® PL 80.

[0071] Suitable antioxidants are all substances that can typically be used for this purpose in agrochemicals. Preferred is butylated hydroxytoluene [3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, CAS No. 128-37-0].

[0072] Possible dyes are all substances that can typically be used for this purpose in agricultural chemicals. Examples include titanium dioxide, carbon black, zinc oxide, blue pigments, red pigments, and Permanent Red FGR.

[0073] In some embodiments, the viscosity of the suspension concentrate is less than 3000 cP, less than 1700 cP, less than 1500 cP, less than 1000 cP, less than 500 cP, or less than 300 cP.

[0074] In some embodiments, the viscosity of the suspension concentrate is between about 50 cP and about 3000 cP, about 50 cP and about 2000 cP, about 50 cP and about 1700 cP, about 50 cP and about 1000 cP, or about 50 cP and about 300 cP.

[0075] More specific examples of compositions according to the invention include:

[0076] (i) about 15% to about 50% by weight spinosad; about 2% to about 8% by weight methyl methacrylate grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains; about 0.1% to about 5% by weight butyl ether of polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymer and water;

[0077] (ii) about 15% to about 50% by weight spinosad; about 2% to about 8% by weight (alkyl)naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate; about 0.1% to about 5% by weight butyl ether of polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymer and water;

[0078] (iii) about 15% to about 50% by weight spinosad; about 3% to about 7% by weight methyl methacrylate grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains; about 0.5% to about 3% by weight butyl ether of polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymer and water; or

[0079] (iv) about 15% to about 50% by weight spinosad; about 3% to about 7% by weight (alkyl)naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate; about 0.5% to about 3% by weight butyl ether of polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymer and water.

[0080] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate composition of the present invention comprises: spinosad, a dispersant selected from alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, methyl methacrylate grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains and any combination thereof, a polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene butyl ether block copolymer, and water, without the addition of a rheology modifier.

[0081] In another aspect, the present invention relates to various agricultural uses and methods for controlling animal pests, wherein a suspension concentrate composition as defined in any of the above embodiments is utilized.

[0082] In one particular aspect, this document also discloses a method for controlling animal pests, the method comprising applying an effective amount of a suspension concentrate composition to a site where animal pests are to be controlled and / or prevented, thereby controlling and / or preventing animal pests.

[0083] In some embodiments, the location is a crop field. Non-limiting examples of crops include pomaceous fruits, stone fruits, soft fruits, apples, pears, avocados, plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, berries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, citrus fruits, oranges, lemons, grapefruits, citrus fruits, cucurbits, squash, cucumbers, melons, lettuce, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, chili peppers, okra, eggplants, green beans, peas, soybeans, rapeseed, olives, sunflowers, peanuts, cotton, nuts, coffee, grapevines, ornamental plants, and plants of the Lauraceae family.

[0084] Other non-limiting examples are pome fruits, including: wild apple, hawthorn, pear, quince; asparagus, banana, plantain; bulbous vegetables, including: dry bulb onion, garlic, elephant garlic, green onion, leek, scallion, welch onion; shrub berries, including blueberry, blackcurrant, elderberry, currant, huckleberry, juneberry, blueberry, salmon, cranberry, including: blackberry, black raspberry, rhubarb, red raspberry, and cultivars and / or hybrids of these citrus trees, including: grapefruit, lemon, lime, orange, citrus; pod crops (Brassica vegetables), including: broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, cavalo, kale, Chinese cabbage. cabbage (small bok choy), Chinese cabbage (heading type), Chinese mustard cabbage (gai) Choy, cabbage, kale, turnip, Japanese turnip, mustard greens, mustard spinach, rapeseed; Cucurbitaceae plants, including: cucumber, edible gourd, cantaloupe, honeydew melon, white melon, etc., pumpkin, summer pumpkin, winter pumpkin, watermelon, date; Fruit vegetables, including: eggplant, ground cherry, okra, eggplant, pepper, nutmeg, tomato, grape; Leafy and fried herbs, including: angelica, balsam, basil, borage, burnet root, chamomile, catnip, dried radish, chives, cilantro, perilla, coriander, costmary, curry, dill, summer solstice, hyssop, lavender, lemongrass, round-leaved angelica, marigold, marjoram, nasturtium, parsley mint, rosemary, rue, sage, Peppermint (summer and winter), bay leaves, tansy, tarragon, thyme, holly, plantain, wormwood; leafy vegetables and watercress, including: amaranth, bitter lettuce, artichoke, celery, celery lettuce, wild radish, Chinese celery, Chinese spinach, corn salad, dandelion, sorrel, edible chrysanthemum, endive (escarole), fennel, shepherd's purse, purslane, garland chrysanthemum, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leafy amaranth, New Zealand spinach, quinoa, parsley, red chicory, rhubarb, spinach, Swiss chard, tricolor amaranth, upland cress, vine spinach, watercress, winter celery, winter purslane, yellow mustard. rocket); the leaves of legumes and turnip leaves, including: any cultivar of common beans and field peas (excluding soybeans);Root and leafy vegetables, including: bitter cassava, black salsify, carrots, celery root, chicory, taro, edible burdock, beets, oriental radish (daikon), parsnip, radish, turnip, sugar beet, sweet cassava, sweet potato, taro, true yam, turnip, turnip leaves, turnip-rooted chervil; Legumes (juicy and dried beans and peas), including: black-eyed peas, chickpeas, cowpeas, crowderpeas, edible pea pods, English peas, fava beans, field beans, field peas, garbanzo beans, garden peas. Peas, green peas, kidney beans, lentils, lima beans, lupins, mung beans, navy beans, pigeon beans, pinto beans, runner beans, snap beans, snow peas, sugar snap peas, tepary beans, wax beans, yardlong beans, peppermint, spearmint, pomegranates; root vegetables and artichokes, including: beets, sugar beets, scallions, carrots, chicory, ginseng, horseradish, parsnips, chives, celery, Spanish salsify, celery, turnip-rooted parsley. Parsley, celery, edible burdock, oriental radish, small radish, rutabaga, turnip and other root vegetables not explicitly listed: Peruvian carrot (arracacha), arrowroot, bitter cassava, chayote root, Chinese artichoke, water chestnut, taro (dasheen), edible canna, ginger, Jerusalem artichoke (Jerusalemartichoke), edible blue banana (leren), potato, sweet cassava, sweet potato, taro, yam, turmeric root, jicama;Spices, including: allspice, anise (seeds), annatto (seeds), black caraway, caper (buds), caraway seeds, cardamom, cinnamon (buds), celery (seeds), cinnamon, cloves (buds), common fennel, coriander (seeds), parsley (seeds), cumin, dill (seeds), sweet fennel (seeds), fenugreek, and grains. ofparadise), juniper (berries), round-leaved angelica (seeds), nutmeg skin, mustard (seeds), nutmeg, poppy (seeds), saffron, star anise, vanilla, white pepper; drupes, including: apricot, cherry, peach, peach, plum, prune, strawberry, sweet corn; tree nuts, including: almond, cashew, chestnut, hazelnut, macadamia nut, pecan, pistachio, walnut; tropical tree fruits, including: golden tiger tail, hybrid custard apple, avocado, wild custard apple (biriba), black ginseng fruit, egg fruit, hairy-leaved custard apple (cherimoya), South American custard apple (custard apple), feiyo fruit, guava, heterophyllous custard apple, jaboticaba, longan, lychee, mammillaria, mango, papaya fruit, passion fruit, mountain lychee (pulasan), rambutan, sapodilla, prickly custard apple, Spanish lime, star apple, star fruit, sugar apple (sugar apple) Apple, Tileaves, Wax apple (wax jambu), succulent fruit; lawn, outdoor ornamental plants (herbaceous and woody plants) and home gardens.

[0085] Animal pests that can be controlled by the method of this invention are selected from Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Thysanoptera, mites, nematodes, and mollusks.

[0086] The compositions of the present invention can be used to combat and control infestations of animal pests (such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera) and other invertebrate pests (e.g., mites, nematodes, and mollusc pests). Insects, mites, nematodes, and molluscs are collectively referred to as pests below. Animal pests that can be combated and controlled by the compounds of the present invention include those associated with agriculture (this term includes the growth of crops used for food and fiber products), horticulture and livestock, forestry, and the storage of plant-derived products (such as fruits, grains, and timber). Non-limiting examples of pest species that can be controlled by the compositions of the present invention include: peach aphid (Myzus persicae), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), beet aphid (Aphis fabae), grass stink bug species (Lygus spp.), cotton red stink bug species (Dysdercus spp.), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), black-tailed leafhopper (Nephotettixc incticep), green stink bug species (Nezara spp.), American stink bug species (Euschistus spp.), rice stink bug species (Leptocorisa spp.), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), thrips species (Thrips spp.), and Colorado golden leaf beetle (Leptinotarsa). decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Anthonomus grandis (cotton seed weevil), Aonidiella spp. (scale insect), Pseudococcus SPP. (mealyptoscale mealybug), Trialeurodes spp. (whitefly).Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), European corn borer (Ostrinianubilalis), cotton leaf borer (Spodoptera littoralis), tobacco bud borer (Heliothis virescens), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpazea), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), cotton leaf roller (Sylepta derogata), European white butterfly (Pieris brassicae), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), root-cutting moth (Agrotis spp.), rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), East Asian migratory locust (Locusta) * *Migratoria* (locust), *Chortiocetesterminifera* (locust), *Diabrotica spp.* (root beetle), *Panonychus ulmi* (apple red spider mite), *Panonychus citri* (citrus red spider mite), *Tetranychus urticae* (two-spotted spider mite), *Tetranychus cinnabarinus* (carmine spider mite), *Phyllocoptruta oleivora* (citrus rust mite), *Polyphagotarsonemus latus* (broad mite), *Brevipalpus spp.* (flat mite), *Liriomyza spp.* (leaf miner), *Meloidogyne* (root-knot nematode). spp. (root-knot nematodes), species of the genera *Globodera* and *Heterodera* (cyst nematodes), species of the genera *Pratylenchus* (root-rot nematodes), species of the genera *Rhodopholus* (banana burrowing nematodes), and species of the genera *Tylenchulus* (small pad nematodes).(Citrus nematode), Haemonchus contortus (contorted stomach worm), Caenorhabditis elegans (vinegar eelworm), Trichostrongylus spp. (gastrointestinal nematode), and Deroceras reticulatum (slug). From the order Acari, such as *Acarus siro*, *Aceria sheldoni*, *Aculus schlechtendali*, species of *Amblyomma*, *Argass*, *Boophi-lus*, *Bryobia praetiosa*, *Calipitrimerus*, *Chorioptes*, *Derma-nyssus gallinae*, *Eotetranychus carpini*, *Eriophyes*, *Hyalomma*, *Ixodes*, and *Olygonychus*. Species from the genera *Phyllocoptruta*, *Ornithodoros*, *Panonychus*, *Phyllocoptruta oleivora*, *Psoroptes*, *Rhipicephalus*, *Rhizoglyphus*, *Sarcoptes*, *Tarsonemus*, and *Tetranychus*; from the order Coleoptera, such as *Agriotes*, *Anthonomus*, *Atomaria linearis*, *Chaetocnematibialis*, and *Cosmopolites*. spp.), species of the genus *Curculio*, species of the genus *Dermestes*, species of the genus *Epilachna*, and species of the genus *Epilachna*.Species of the genera *Eremnus*, *Colonus leaf beetle*, *Lissorhoptrus* spp., *Melolontha* spp., *Orycaephilus* spp., *Otiorhynchus* spp., *Phlyctinus* spp., *Popillia* spp., *Psylliodes* spp., *Rhizopertha* spp., Scarabidae, *Sitophilus* spp., *Sitotroga* spp., *Tenebrio* spp., *Tribolium* spp., and *Trogoderma*. spp.); from the order Diptera, such as species of the genera *Aedes*, *Antherigona soccata*, *Bibio hortulanus*, *Calliphora erythrocephala*, *Ceratitis*, *Chrysomyia*, *Culex*, *Cuterebra*, *Dacus*, *Drosophila melanogaster*, *Fannia*, *Gastrophilus*, *Glossina*, *Hypodermas*, *Hyppobosca*, *Liriomyza*, and *Lucilia*. Species of the genera *Melanagromyza*, *Musca*, *Oestrus*, *Orseolia*, *Oscinella frit*, *Pegomyia hyoscyami*, *Phorbia*, *Rhagoletis pomonella*, *Sciara*, *Stomoxys*, and *Tabanus*.), species of the genera *Tannia* and *Tipula*; from the order Hemiptera, such as species of the genera *Cimex*, *Distantiella theobroma*, *Red cotton bug*, *American bug*, *Eurygaster*, *Rice-edged bug*, *Green bug*, *Piesma*, *Rhodnius*, *Sahlbergella singularis*, *Scotino-phara*, and *Triatoma*; from the order Hemiptera, such as whiteflies *Aleurothrixus floccosus* and *Aleyrodes*. Species of the genera *Aonidiella* (brassicae), *Aonidiella* (kidney scale), aphids, *Aspi-diotus* (shiny scale), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), *Ceroplaster* (wax scale), *Chrysomphalusaonidium* (black-brown scale), *Chrysomphalus dictyospermi* (orange-brown scale), *Coccus hesperidum* (brown soft scale), *Empoasca* (small green leafhopper), *Eriosoma larigerum* (apple cotton aphid), *Erythroneura* (spotted leafhopper), *Gascardia* (gascardia), *Laodelphax* (gray planthopper), *Lecanium corni* (soil-hardening scale), and *Lepidosaphes* (oyster scale). Species of the genera *Macrosiphus*, *Myzus*, *Nephotettix*, *Nilaparvata*, *Parlatoria*, *Pemphigus*, *Planococcus*, *Pseudaulacaspis*, *Pseudococcus*, *Psylla*, *Pulvinaria aethiopica*, and *Quadraspidiotus*.Species from the genera *Rhopalosiphum*, *Saissetia*, *Scaphoideus*, *Schizaphis*, *Sitobion*, *Trialeurodes vaporariorum*, *Trioza erytreae*, and *Unaspis citri*; from the order Hymenoptera, such as *Acromyrmex*, *Atta*, *Cephus*, *Diprion*, *Gilpinia polytoma*, *Hoplocampa*, and *Lasius*. Species from the genera *Monomorium pharaonis*, *Neodiprion*, *Solenopsis*, and *Vespa*; from the order Lepidoptera, such as *Acleris*, *Adoxophyes*, *Aegeria*, *Alabama argillaceae*, *Amylois*, *Anticarsia gemmatalis*, *Archips*, *Argyrotaenia*, *Autographa*, *Busseola fusca*, *Cadra cautella*, and *Carposina*. Species of the genera *Nipponensis*, *Chno* spp., *Choristoneura* spp., *Clysia ambi-guella*, *Cnaphalocrocis* spp., *Cnephasia* spp., *Cochylis* spp., and *Coleophora* spp.The following species are listed: * Crocidolomia binotalis*, *Cryptophlebia leucotreta*, *Cydia* spp., *Diatraea* spp., *Diparopsis castanea*, *Earias* spp., *Ephestia* spp., *Eucosma* spp., *Eupoecilia ambiguella*, *Euproctis* spp., *Euxoa* spp., *Grapholita* spp., *Hedya nubiferana*, *Heliothis* spp., *Hyphantria*, and *Hyphantria*. *Cunea*, Tomato Codling Moth (Keiferialycopersicella), Leaf Miner (Leucoptera scitella), Leaf Miner Species (Lithocollethiss spp.), Grape Berry Roller (Lobesia botrana), Tussipelas Moth Species (Lymantria spp.), Leaf Miner Species (Lyonetia spp.), Tent Caterpillar Species (Malacosoma spp.), Cabbage Earworm (Mamestra brassicae), Tobacco Hawk Moth (Manduca sexta), Autumn Geyser Species (Operophtera spp.), Corn Borer, Small Leaf Roller Species (Pammene spp.), Brown Leaf Roller Species (Pandemis spp.), Winter Night Moth (Panolis flammea), Cotton Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiela), Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea) operculella), cabbage white caterpillar (Pierisrapae), cabbage white butterfly species (Pieris spp.), diamondback moth, small white-nesting moth species (Prays spp.), white rice moth species (Scirpophaga spp.), stem borer species (Sesamia spp.), long-haired roller species (Sparganothis spp.), noctuid moth species (Spodoptera spp.), clearwing moth species (Synanthedon spp.), heteropod moth species (Thaumetopoea spp.), and roller moth species (Tortrix spp.).), including species of the genus *Trichoplusia* and *Yponomeuta*; species from the order Thysanoptera, such as *Frankliniella*, *Hercinothrips*, *Scirtothrips aurantii*, *Taeniothrips*, *Thrips palmi*, and *Thrips tabaci*; and species from the order Thysanura, such as silverfish (*Lepisma saccharina*).

[0087] Other non-limiting examples of animal pests that can be controlled by the method of the present invention are selected from: codling moth, European grapevine moth, leaf miner, leaf roller, light brown apple moth, Oriental fruit moth, thrips, such as: pepper, Cuban laurel, western flower;Tufted apple budmoth, Asparagus beetle, Armyworm, Diptera leaf miners, European corn borer, flea beetles, inchworms, fireflies, fruit insects, moths, sawflies, katydids, worms (caterpillars), inchworm larvae, cabbage inchworm, diamondback moth, imported cabbage worm, worms (caterpillars), rice moth, borers, moths, fruit flies, Colorado potato beetle, worms (berry moth), root cutter, naval orange worm, peach twig borer, artichoke tufted moth, corn borer, Japanese beetle, earworm, hazel leafroller, husk fly, naval orange worm, peach twig borer, pecan sheath moth, red humped caterpillar caterpillars, shuckworms, web-weaving caterpillars, fire ants, including small (<3 / 4) worms, sod webworms, cat fleas, emerald ash borers, gall midges, leaf beetles, spider mites, worms including inchworms, weeding insects, gypsy moths, tent caterpillars, azalea caterpillars, beet armyworms, eastern tent caterpillars, California oakworms, leaf beetles, such as elm leaves, viburnum leaves (larvae), willow leaves, fall webworms, and Florida fern caterpillars. ferncaterpillar), geranium aphid, oblique-banded leafroller, orange-striped oak moth, spruce aphid, tussock moth, hickory tree, white-marked, western tent caterpillar, pine white-striped looper, yellow-necked caterpillar, sawfly larvae, such as: European pine, pear-headed pine, shore fly, gall midge, pinyon spindlegall, leaf miners, such as: serpentine, ash borer, Lewis mite, pine shoot leafroller, spider mite, such as: spruce, two-spotted.

[0088] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate composition according to the invention is applied in an amount of about 0.02 L / ha to about 1 L / ha.

[0089] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate composition according to the invention is applied at an amount of about 9.6 g / ha spinosad to about 480 g / ha spinosad insecticide.

[0090] In some embodiments, the suspension concentrate composition according to the invention is applied at an amount of about 9.6 g / ha of spinosad to about 480 g / ha of spinosad.

[0091] The “composition” or “formulation” of the present invention may be diluted in water before use in the field.

[0092] While the suspension concentrate composition of the present invention can be applied directly to pests or their environment, it is typically first diluted with water to form a diluted composition, and then the pests or their environment are brought into contact with an effective amount of the diluted composition to control the pests. The diluted composition can be applied to pests or their environment by a variety of means, including spraying.

[0093] In some respects, the compositions according to the invention are diluted and ready for immediate use.

[0094] In some embodiments, the diluted, ready-to-use composition comprises: about 0.001% to about 2% by weight of spinosad insecticide; about 0.0001% to about 0.5% by weight of dispersant; and about 0.00001% to about 0.5% by weight of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether.

[0095] In some embodiments, the diluted, ready-to-use composition comprises: about 0.1% to about 0.7% by weight of spinosad insecticide; about 0.001% to about 0.1% by weight of dispersant; and about 0.0001% to about 0.1% by weight of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether.

[0096] In some embodiments, the diluted, ready-to-use composition comprises: about 0.01% to about 2% by weight of the spinosad insecticide; about 0.0005% to about 0.05% by weight of a dispersant; and about 0.0001% to about 0.05% by weight of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether.

[0097] In some embodiments, the diluted, ready-to-use composition comprises: about 0.1% to about 0.7% by weight of spinosad insecticide; about 0.002% to about 0.08% by weight of dispersant; and about 0.0003% to about 0.02% by weight of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether.

[0098] In some embodiments, the diluted, ready-to-use composition comprises: about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight of spinosad insecticide; about 0.002% to about 0.08% by weight of dispersant; and about 0.0003% to about 0.02% by weight of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether.

[0099] In some embodiments, a certain amount of concentrate is diluted in a certain amount of an aqueous medium (e.g., water) to produce a stable liquid dilution composition with desired clarity and good efficacy.

[0100] For example, the concentration of the concentrate in an aqueous medium can be approximately 1:100,000, approximately 1:80,000, approximately 1:50,000, approximately 1:10,000, approximately 1:5000, approximately 1:1000, approximately 1:200, approximately 1:100, approximately 1:50, or approximately 1:10.

[0101] In some embodiments, the diluted and ready-to-use compositions disclosed herein are for the control of animal pests, the use of which includes applying an effective amount of the suspension concentrate composition to a site where animal pests are to be controlled and / or prevented, thereby controlling and / or preventing animal pests.

[0102] In some embodiments, the location is a family garden, lawn, and ornamental plants.

[0103] Non-limiting examples include pome fruits, including: wild apple, hawthorn, pear, quince; asparagus, banana, plantain; bulbous vegetables, including: dried onion, garlic, elephant garlic, green onion, leek, scallion, Welch onion; shrub berries, including blueberry, blackcurrant, elderberry, currant, blackberry, *Dendrobium*, blueberry, *Salmonella*, cranberry, including: blackberry, black raspberry, *Rhizophora*, red raspberry, and cultivars and / or hybrids of these citrus trees, including: grapefruit, lemon, lime, orange, citrus; pod crops (Brassica vegetables), including: broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, bok choy, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage (heading type), Chinese cabbage. Mustard greens, cabbage, kale, turnip, Japanese turnip, mustard leaves, mustard spinach, rapeseed; Cucurbitaceae plants, including: cucumber, edible gourd, cantaloupe, honeydew melon, white melon, pumpkin, summer pumpkin, winter pumpkin, watermelon, date; Fruit vegetables, including: eggplant, ground cherry, okra, eggplant, pepper, nutmeg, tomato, grape; Leafy and fried herbs, including: angelica, balsam, basil, borage, burnet root, chamomile, catnip, dried mountain radish, chives, coriander, sage, balsam, curry, dill, summer solstice, hyssop, lavender, lemongrass, round-leaved angelica, marigold, marjoram, nasturtium, parsley mint, rosemary, rue, sage, etc. Mint (summer and winter), bay leaves, tansy, sage, thyme, holly, plantain, wormwood; leafy vegetables and watercress, including: amaranth, bitter lettuce, artichoke, celery, celery lettuce, wild radish, Chinese celery, Chinese spinach, corn salad, dandelion, sorrel, edible chrysanthemum, chicory, fennel, shepherd's purse, purslane, garland chrysanthemum, head lettuce, leaf lettuce, leafy amaranth, New Zealand spinach, quinoa, parsley, red chicory, rhubarb, spinach, romaine lettuce, tricolor amaranth, mustard, Malabar spinach, watercress, winter celery, winter purslane, European mustard; leaves of legumes and turnip leaves, including: any cultivar of common beans and field peas (excluding soybeans); root vegetable leaves, Including: bitter cassava, scallions, carrots, celery root, chicory, taro, edible burdock, beetroot, white radish, parsnip, radish, turnip, sugar beet, sweet cassava, sweet potato, taro, true yam, turnip, turnip leaf, celery; legumes (juicy and dried beans and peas), including: black-eyed peas, chickpeas, cowpeas, Crow's peas, edible pea pods, peas, broad beans, kidney beans, purple peas, chickpeas, vegetable peas, green peas, kidney beans, lentils, lima beans, lupins, mung beans, white kidney beans, pigeon beans, pinto beans, red lentils), edible peas, snow peas, sugar snow peas, cauliflower beans, lentils, long beans, peppermint, spearmint, pomegranate;Root vegetables and artichokes, including: root beets, sugar beets, scallions, carrots, chicory, ginseng, horseradish, parsnips, chives, wild parsley, Spanish scallions, celery, root parsley, tuberous parsley, edible burdock, oriental radish, radish, rutabaga, turnip, and other root vegetables not explicitly listed: Peruvian carrots, arrowroot, bitter cassava, chayote root, taro, water chestnuts, edible canna lilies, ginger, Jerusalem artichokes. Edible herbs include banana, potato, sweet cassava, yam, taro, yam, turmeric root, and jicama; spices including: allspice, fennel (seeds), annatto (seeds), black caraway, senna (buds), caraway, cardamom, cinnamon (buds), celery (seeds), cinnamon, cloves (buds), common fennel, coriander (seeds), parsley (seeds), cumin, dill (seeds), sweet fennel (seeds), fenugreek, and West African pepper. Juniper (berries), Angelica dahurica (seeds), nutmeg skin, mustard (seeds), nutmeg, poppy (seeds), saffron, star anise, vanilla, white pepper; drupes, including: apricot, cherry, peach, peach, plum, prune, strawberry, sweet corn; tree nuts, including: almond, cashew, chestnut, hazelnut, macadamia nut, pecan, pistachio, walnut; tropical tree fruits, including: golden sage, hybrid custard apple, Avocado, wild custard apple, black ginseng fruit, egg fruit, hairy custard apple, South American custard apple, feiyo fruit, guava, heterophyllous custard apple, jaboticaba, longan, lychee, mami fruit, mango, papaya fruit, passion fruit, mountain lychee, rambutan, sapodilla, spurious custard apple, Spanish lime, star apple, star fruit, custard apple, cordyceps leaf, wax apple (heavenly peach), fragrant flesh fruit; lawns, outdoor ornamental plants (herbaceous and woody plants) and home gardens.

[0104] In some embodiments, the animal pests are selected from Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Thysanoptera, mites, nematodes, and mollusks.

[0105] Non-limiting examples of animal pests that can be controlled by the method of this invention are selected from: apple leafroller, European grape moth, leaf miner, leaf roller, apple light brown leafroller, pear fruit moth, thrips, such as: pepper, Cuban laurel, western flower; tufted apple borer, asparagus leaf beetle, armyworm, dipteran leaf miner, European corn borer, flea beetle, inchworm, firefly, fruit insect, moth, sawfly, katydid, worm (caterpillar), inchworm larva, cabbage inchworm, diamondback moth, imported cabbage worm, worm (caterpillar), rice starch borer, borer, moth, fruit fly, Colorado potato beetle, worm (berry moth), root cutter, navel orange borer, peach bark moth, artichoke feather moth, corn borer, Japanese beetle, earworm, hazel leafroller (filbert). worms), fruit flies, navel orange borers, peach bark moths, pecan sheath moths, red camel caterpillars, scale insects, web-weaving caterpillars, fire ants, including small (< 3 / 4) worms, grass moths, cat fleas, ash tree borers, gall midges, leaf beetles, spider mites, including inchworms, weeding insects, gypsy moths, yellow-brown tent caterpillars, azalea caterpillars, beet armyworms, oriental tent caterpillars, California oak borers, leaf beetles, such as: elm leaves, viburnum leaves (larvae), willow leaves, fall webworms, Florida fern caterpillars, geranium aphids, oblique-banded leafrollers, orange-striped oak borers, spruce aphids, tussock moths, hickory trees, white-striped, western tent caterpillars, pine white-striped inchworms, yellow-necked caterpillars, sawfly larvae, such as: European pine, pear-headed pine, water flies, dipteran gall midges, dwarf pine spindle galls, dipteran leaf miners, such as: snake-striped mites, ash tree borers, Lewis mites, pine shoot leafrollers, spider mites, such as: spruce, two-pointed.

[0106] Contrary to conventional practice, the compositions of the present invention are formulated in a simpler manner without the need for rheology modifiers, while yielding products with desired properties across a variable viscosity range. Surprisingly, these novel compositions have been found to be stable even at low viscosities, uncommon in the field of agrochemical formulations.

[0107] The compositions of the present invention provide highly effective dispersion and minimal sedimentation of the active ingredients during long-term storage. Example

[0108] Materials and Methods

[0109] Materials. All reagents and starting materials were purchased from Hangzhou Udragon Chemical Co., Ltd., Evonik Industries, Cargill, Croda, Clariant, Solvay, Dow, Indorama, Ashland Global Holdings, Momentive, and ADAMA Ltd.

[0110] All composition preparation procedures were carried out at an ambient temperature of approximately 23°C ± 4°C.

[0111] Example 1. Preparation of spinosad suspension concentrate formulation A (according to the present invention)

[0112] The preparation of the spinosad formulation, as detailed in Table 1, was prepared by the following procedure: (i) spinosad, Atlas G5002 LQ (as a 15% aqueous solution), Atlox 4913, Silwet L-77, AFOR-10 (half the specified amount), and soft water (313 g / L) were charged into a reactor and mixed simultaneously; (ii) high shear was applied and the mixture was milled to obtain a desired particle size distribution (D90) LT of 4 micrometers; (iii) a second portion of soft water (up to 1000 L) and AFOR-10 (the other half of the specified amount) were added; (iv) the solution was mixed until a homogeneous suspension was obtained.

[0113] Table 1

[0114]

[0115] Example 2. Preparation of spinosad suspension concentrate formulation B (according to the present invention)

[0116] The preparation of the spinosad formulation, as detailed in Table 2, was prepared by the following procedure: (i) spinosad, Atlas G5002 LQ (as a 15% aqueous solution), Tersperse 2020, Silwet L-77, AF OR-10 (half the amount), and soft water (313 g / L) were charged into a reactor and mixed simultaneously; (ii) high shear was applied and the mixture was milled to obtain a desired particle size distribution (D90) LT of 4 micrometers; (iii) a second portion of water (up to 1000 L) and AF OR-10 (the other half of the specified amount) were added; (iv) the solution was mixed until a homogeneous suspension was obtained.

[0117] Table 2

[0118]

[0119] Example 3. Preparation of spinosad suspension concentrate formulation C (not according to the present invention)

[0120] The preparation of the spinosad formulation, as detailed in Table 3, was prepared by the following procedure: (i) Spinosad, Morwet EFW, Atlox 4913, Silwet L-77, AF OR-10 (half the amount) and soft water (313 g / L) were charged into a reactor and mixed simultaneously; (ii) High shear was applied and the mixture was milled to obtain a desired particle size distribution (D90) LT of 4 micrometers; (iii) A second portion of water (up to 1000 L) and AF OR-10 (the other half of the specified amount) were added; (iv) The solution was mixed until a homogeneous suspension was obtained.

[0121] Table 3

[0122]

[0123] Example 4. Preparation of spinosad suspension concentrate formulation D (not according to the present invention)

[0124] The preparation of the spinosad formulation, as detailed in Table 4, was prepared by the following procedure: (i) Spinosad, Tween 20, Atlox 4913, Silwet L-77, AF OR-10 (half the amount) and soft water (313 g / L) were charged into a reactor and mixed simultaneously; (ii) High shear was applied and the mixture was milled to obtain a desired particle size distribution (D90) LT of 4 micrometers; (iii) A second portion of water (up to 1000 L) and AF OR-10 (the other half of the specified amount) were added; (iv) The solution was mixed until a homogeneous suspension was obtained.

[0125] Table 4

[0126]

[0127] Example 5. Preparation of spinosad suspension concentrate formulation E (not according to the present invention)

[0128] The preparation of the spinosad formulation, as detailed in Table 5, was prepared by the following procedure: (i) Spinosad, Genapole X80, Tersperse 2020, Silwet L-77, AF OR-10 (half the amount) and soft water (313 g / L) were charged into a reactor and mixed; (ii) a high shear was applied and the mixture was milled to obtain a desired particle size distribution (D90) LT of 4 micrometers; (iii) a second portion of water (up to 1000 L) and AF OR-10 (the other half of the specified amount) were added; (iv) the solution was mixed until a homogeneous suspension was obtained.

[0129] Table 5

[0130]

[0131] Example 6. Preparation of spinosad suspension concentrate formulation F (not according to the present invention)

[0132] The preparation of the spinosad formulation, as detailed in Table 6, was prepared by the following procedure: (i) Spinosad, Synpronic 13 / 12-LQ-(AP), Tersperse 2020, Silwet L-77, AF OR-10 (half the amount) and soft water (313 g / L) were charged into a reactor and mixed; (ii) a high shear was applied and the mixture was milled to obtain a desired particle size distribution (D90) LT of 4 micrometers; (iii) a second portion of water (up to 1000 L) and AF OR-10 (the other half of the specified amount) were added; (iv) the solution was mixed until a homogeneous suspension was obtained.

[0133] Table 6

[0134]

[0135] Example 7. Preparation of spinosad suspension concentrate formulation G (not according to the present invention)

[0136] The preparation of the spinosad formulation, as detailed in Table 7, was prepared by the following procedure: (i) Spinosad, Synperonic PE64, Tersperse 2020, Silwet L-77, AF OR-10 (half the amount) and soft water (313 g / L) were charged into a reactor and mixed; (ii) a high shear was applied and the mixture was milled to obtain a desired particle size distribution (D90) LT of 4 micrometers; (iii) a second portion of water (up to 1000 L) and AF OR-10 (the other half of the specified amount) were added; (iv) the solution was mixed until a homogeneous suspension was obtained.

[0137] Table 7

[0138]

[0139] Example 8. Evaluation of the characteristics of spinosad suspension concentrate formulation AG

[0140] After preparing spinosad-based formulations with various dispersants and wetting agents as described in Examples 1-7, 30 g of each formulation was subjected to a storage stability test (for 2 weeks at 54°C). Physical parameters such as dispersibility, viscosity, and pourability were evaluated. The results and the various wetting agents tested are shown in Table 8.

[0141] Table 8

[0142]

[0143] Viscosity was tested using a Brookfield AMETEK viscometer with a 62-piston rotor at a speed of 12 RPM.

[0144] Viscosity was tested using a Brookfield AMETEK viscometer with a 63 rotor at a speed of 12 RPM.

[0145] b The suspension rate test was conducted in the presence of hard water containing a relatively large number of ions. These ions can react with the active ingredient and some of the formulation additives (such as surfactants, auxiliaries, and rheology modifiers), ultimately leading to distribution problems in the water. However, in the case of formulation AB, excellent suspension rates were achieved.

[0146] Suspension rate test:

[0147] This method aims to determine the suspension percentage, defined as the percentage of one or more active ingredients that remain in a suspension after a given time. The method is applicable to formulations that form a suspension upon dilution with water, with sample concentrations between 0.1% and 10%.

[0148] Method Overview:

[0149] The formulation is suspended in standard water and kept undisturbed at ambient temperature for a specified time. Then, the top 9 / 10 is extracted and the remaining 1 / 10 is measured. The suspension percentage is calculated as the percentage of particles that remain suspended.

[0150] program:

[0151] 1. Pour 200 ml of water into a 250 ml graduated cylinder.

[0152] 2. Pour 3.75 g of the preparation into a graduated cylinder and disperse it in water.

[0153] 3. Add additional water to bring the volume to 250 ml.

[0154] 4. Invert the measuring cylinder 30 times to ensure complete dispersion of the granules.

[0155] 5. Use a vacuum pump to discharge 225 ml of suspension.

[0156] 6. Leave the remaining suspension (25 ml) in the graduated cylinder and analyze it using HPLC.

[0157] Based on the analysis results of the amount of AI in 25 ml suspension, the suspension index was calculated using the formula in CIPAC method MT184 (the acceptance criterion for this specification is between 60% and 105%). [This procedure is taken from different applications; please inform us if there are any relevant issues.]

[0158] Following storage stability testing, formulations A and B (according to the invention) showed no sedimentation (no change in physical properties) while maintaining relatively low viscosity, thus optimizing flowability and exhibiting a concentrate that is easy to pour / pump. Formulation CG (not according to the invention) is highly viscous and has pourability issues.

[0159] Example 9 – Preparation of diluted spinosad suspension concentrate formulation H

[0160] Add 7000g of water to 80g of spinosad formulation A (see Table 1) to obtain approximately 0.5% spinosad by weight.

[0161] Example 10 – Preparation of Diluted Spinosad Suspension Concentrate Formulation I

[0162] Add 240 grams of water to 10 grams of spinosad formulation H to obtain approximately 0.02% spinosad by weight.

[0163] Example 11 – Evaluation of the efficacy of spinosad formulations in controlling tobacco thrips in broccoli

[0164] Table 9. Average number of adult insects per leaf

[0165]

[0166] Table 10. Average number of larvae per leaf

[0167]

[0168] Example 12 – Use of spinosad to control the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) in basil. Evaluation of the efficacy of Lefigma

[0169] Table 11. Average number of live caterpillars per replicate (10 plant groups) (all stages)

[0170]

Claims

1. A suspension concentrate composition comprising: a) spinosad insecticide; b) at least one dispersant; and c) a polyalkoxylated alkyl ether, wherein the alkyl group contains about 1 carbon atom to about 10 carbon atoms.

2. The suspension concentrate according to claim 1, wherein, The spinosad insecticide is selected from spinosad and ethyl spinosad.

3. The suspension concentrate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The spinosad insecticide is spinosad.

4. The suspension concentrate according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The dispersant is selected from vinylpyrrolidone polymers, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, polyacrylic acid graft copolymers, sodium lignosulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, alkyl aryl sulfonic acids and their salts, tristyrylphenol alkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphates and their salts, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate sulfates and their salts, stilbene phenol ethoxylate sulfates and their salts, polycarboxylate esters, and vegetable oil ethoxylates.

5. The suspension concentrate according to claim 4, wherein, The polyacrylic acid graft copolymer comprises acrylic monomers, their esters, and salts.

6. The suspension concentrate according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, The polyacrylic acid graft copolymer is selected from (meth)acrylates grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains, (meth)acrylates grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains, and any combination thereof.

7. The suspension concentrate according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The polyalkoxylated alkyl ether is a butyl ether of a polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymer.

8. The suspension concentrate according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The composition further comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable additive.

9. The suspension concentrate according to claim 8, wherein, The at least one additive is selected from carriers, defoamers, wetting agents, antifreeze agents, stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, spreading agents, dyes, and penetrants.

10. The suspension concentrate according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein, Viscosity less than 3000 cP.

11. The suspension concentrate according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein, Viscosities range from 50 cP to 2000 cP.

12. The suspension concentrate according to any one of claims 1-11, comprising about 1% to about 60% by weight of the spinosad insecticide, about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of the dispersant, and about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether.

13. The suspension concentrate according to claim 12, wherein, The spinosad insecticide is spinosad, the dispersant is selected from alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, methyl methacrylate grafted with polyalkyl oxide chains, and any combination thereof, and the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether is a polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene butyl ether block copolymer.

14. A method for controlling animal pests, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the composition according to any one of claims 1-13 to a site where the animal pest is to be controlled and / or prevented, so as to thereby control and / or prevent the animal pest.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, The location is a crop field.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The crop field is selected from pome fruits, stone fruits, seedless fruits, apples, pears, avocados, plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, berries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, citrus fruits, oranges, lemons, grapefruits, tangerines, cucurbitaceous plants, pumpkins, cucumbers, melons, lettuce, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, chili peppers, okra, eggplants, green beans, peas, soybeans, rapeseed, olives, sunflowers, peanuts, cotton, nuts, coffee, grapevines, ornamental plants, and Lauraceae plants.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, wherein, The animal pests mentioned are selected from Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Thysanoptera, mites, nematodes, and mollusks.

18. The method according to any one of claims 14-17, wherein, The composition is applied in an amount of about 0.02 L / ha to about 1 L / ha.

19. The method according to any one of claims 14-18, wherein, The composition is applied at an amount of about 9.6 g / ha of spinosad to about 480 g / ha of spinosad.

20. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1-13 for controlling and / or preventing animal pests.

21. The composition according to any one of claims 1-13, which is diluted and ready for immediate use, and comprises: about 0.001% to about 2% by weight of the spinosad insecticide; about 0.0001% to about 0.5% by weight of a dispersant; and about 0.00001% to about 0.5% by weight of the polyalkoxylated alkyl ether.

22. A method for controlling animal pests, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the composition according to claim 21 to a site where the animal pest is to be controlled and / or prevented, so as to thereby control and / or prevent the animal pest.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The location is a family garden, lawn, and ornamental plants.

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