A rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of flue gas separation technology, specifically to a rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery device, including a base, a rare earth electrolysis furnace, a lifting arm, an anode component, a cathode component, a feeder, a flue gas separator, a purging and material removal mechanism, and a dust collector. The rare earth electrolysis furnace and the feeder are installed on the base. The lifting arm carries the anode component, which works in conjunction with the cathode component to achieve the electrolysis reaction. The feeder transports rare earth raw materials. The flue gas separator separates fluorides and large particulate impurities in the flue gas through a coarse filter and a pluggable ceramic fluoride adsorption plate. The purging and material removal mechanism purges and recovers fluorides. The dust collector removes fine dust. This invention solves the problem of fluoride separation in electrolysis furnace flue gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas separation technology, specifically to a rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery device. Background Technology

[0002] In rare earth metal smelting and various oxide electrolysis processes, the fumes generated by the electrolysis reaction contain a large amount of fluorides. Due to the lack of effective separation and treatment devices, these fluorides cannot be efficiently separated from other waste gases and dust, leading to difficulties in waste recycling, low resource conversion rates, and potentially posing health risks to operators. Existing technologies related to fume separation are disclosed in the Chinese patent database (for example, CN106139796A discloses a fume separation device; and CN112206588A discloses another fume particulate separation device).

[0003] The shortcomings of the aforementioned existing technologies (CN106139796A, CN112206588A) are the lack of targeted flue gas treatment and fluoride separation technologies. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a technical solution that can achieve efficient separation of fluorides from flue gas to solve the environmental problems, resource waste dilemmas and safety hazards faced by traditional electrolytic furnaces. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery device to solve the problem of how to separate fluorides from electrolysis furnace flue gas.

[0005] This invention discloses a rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery device, including a base, a rare earth electrolysis furnace installed and fixed on the upper platform of the base in a corresponding area; a lifting arm is fixedly assembled to the outer wall of the rare earth electrolysis furnace, and an anode component is mounted on the lifting arm; the anode component extends vertically downward and is inserted into the furnace body of the rare earth electrolysis furnace, cooperating with a cathode component preset at the bottom of the rare earth electrolysis furnace to realize the electrolysis reaction; a feeder is installed on the upper platform of the base, and the discharge end of the feeder is used to feed rare earth raw materials into the rare earth electrolysis furnace; a flue gas separator is installed on one side of the rare earth electrolysis furnace, and the inlet end of the flue gas separator is opposite to the flue gas outlet of the rare earth electrolysis furnace, used to collect the flue gas discharged during the smelting process of the rare earth electrolysis furnace and separate the fluorides in the flue gas.

[0006] Specifically, the feeder includes a feeding bin, a feeding channel fixed at the bottom of the feeding bin, and the feeding channel connected to the feeding bin outlet to form a rare earth raw material flow path; a rotating shaft concentrically located within the feeding channel with coincident axes and rotatable; horizontal plates fixed at both ends of the feeding channel, and the two ends of the rotating shaft rotatably connected to the horizontal plates; spiral blades concentrically fixed to the outer wall of the rotating shaft, rotating synchronously with the rotating shaft to transport the falling rare earth raw materials; an electric motor fixed to the bottom outer wall of the feeding channel, and the output shaft of the electric motor being connected to the rotating shaft via a conveyor belt.

[0007] Specifically, the flue gas separator includes a dust collection hood, the dust collection port of which is arranged opposite to the feed port of the rare earth electrolysis furnace to form the flue gas collection inlet; a coarse filter screen is fixed inside the dust collection hood near the outer area of ​​the dust collection port to initially intercept large particulate impurities; a ceramic fluorine adsorption plate is pluggably mounted on the top of the dust collection hood, with its main body placed inside the dust collection hood and located in the inner area of ​​the coarse filter screen, and a pluggable handle is fixed to the top end face of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate; a large particulate impurity collection tank is connected to the bottom area of ​​the dust collection hood, with the tank opening corresponding to the front part of the coarse filter screen to receive the intercepted large particulate impurities; and a second recovery flue pipe is connected to the side area of ​​the dust collection hood, with the connection point between the second recovery flue pipe and the dust collection hood located behind the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate to guide the treated airflow to the rear end.

[0008] As an optimization of the flue gas separator: the first recovery flue pipe is connected to the large particulate impurity collection tank, which is used to extract large particulate impurities from the recovery tank.

[0009] As an optimization solution for the flue gas separator, the flue gas separator also includes a purging and material removal mechanism. The purging and material removal mechanism is used to perform targeted purging treatment on the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate after it is lifted out of the dust collection hood as a whole, so as to achieve the removal and centralized collection of fluorides on the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate.

[0010] More specifically, the purging and material removal mechanism includes a fixed arm, on which a first support column and a second support column are fixed. A mounting base is slidably assembled on the surfaces of the first and second support columns. The top of the mounting base is fixedly connected to a lifting handle, which is used to drive the mounting base to slide up and down along the first and second support columns. The left and right purging units are both installed on the first and second support columns, forming a gap between them for the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate to pass through. The nozzles on the left and right purging units are arranged opposite each other to correspond to the two sides of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate, and are used to purge and remove the fluorides adsorbed on the surface of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate.

[0011] As an optimization solution for the flue gas separator: the fluoride collection tank is shaped like a pair of shorts, and the middle part of the fluoride collection tank can straddle the outside of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate to receive the fluoride that falls off during purging and achieve centralized collection.

[0012] As an optimization of the present invention: the present invention also includes a dust collector connected to the second recovery flue of the flue gas separator, for capturing and removing fine dust in the airflow after treatment by the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0014] This invention primarily addresses the problem of separating fluorides from flue gas from electrolytic furnaces. The fluoride separation method of this invention is highly targeted and efficient. Through the graded treatment of a coarse filter and ceramic fluoride adsorption plates within the flue gas separator, large particulate impurities are first intercepted to avoid interfering with fluoride adsorption. Then, the ceramic fluoride adsorption plates precisely adsorb fluorides from the flue gas, achieving effective separation of fluorides from the flue gas. Fluoride recovery in this invention is convenient and centralized. The ceramic fluoride adsorption plates feature a pluggable design, coupled with a dedicated purging and material removal mechanism, allowing for rapid extraction and double-sided full-surface purging after adsorption saturation. A shorts-shaped collection trough precisely collects fallen fluorides, completing centralized recovery. The equipment of this invention exhibits strong operational stability. The purging and material removal mechanism allows for the reuse of the ceramic fluoride adsorption plates, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the flue gas separation system. Simultaneously, large particulate impurities and the treated gas flow are transported separately through dedicated recovery pipelines, achieving orderly recovery of multiple components. The structural design of this invention is practical and easy to maintain. The assembly relationship of each component is clear. The purging unit can use existing mature products. The design of plug-in handle, sliding mounting base and other features reduces the difficulty of equipment operation and maintenance, and facilitates industrial application. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the feeder.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the feeder.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a flue gas separator.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a flue gas separator.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the purging and material removal mechanism.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the purging and material removal mechanism.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the operational status of the purging and material removal mechanism.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the dust collector's installation structure.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the dust collector.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a mechanical vibration mechanism.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a partial assembly structure of a mechanical vibration mechanism.

[0027] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a mechanical vibration mechanism.

[0028] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the reciprocating linkage unit.

[0029] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the deformation mechanism.

[0030] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a partial installation structure of the deformation mechanism.

[0031] Figure 17 This is a partial structural diagram of the deformation mechanism.

[0032] Figure 18 This is a diagram showing the usage status of the left purging unit 27, the right purging unit 28, and the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17.

[0033] In the diagram, 1. Base; 2. Rare earth electrolysis furnace; 3. Lifting arm; 4. Anode component; 5. Cathode component; 6. Feed hopper; 7. Feeding channel; 8. Rotating shaft; 9. Horizontal plate; 10. Spiral blade; 11. Electric motor; 12. Conveyor belt; 13. Support frame; 14. Universal wheel bracket; 15. Dust collection hood; 16. Coarse filter screen; 17. Ceramic fluorine adsorption plate; 18. Plug-in handle; 19. Large particle impurity collection tank; 20. First recovery flue; 21. Second recovery flue; 22. Fixed arm; 23. First support column; 24. Second support column; 25. Mounting base; 26. Lifting handle; 27. Left purging unit; 28. Right purging unit; 29. ​​Nozzle; 30. Fluoride collection tank; 31. Placement seat; 32. Dust collector housing; 33. Exhaust duct; 34. Slide rail; 35. 36. Deflector plate; 37. Support frame; 38. Dust collection bag; 39. Dust storage tank; 40. Solenoid valve; 41. Guide frame; 42. Through column; 43. Bolt assembly; 44. Push-pull plate; 45. First tension spring; 46. Electric push rod; 47. Wedge-shaped column; 48. Magnet; 49. Electromagnet; 50. Connecting plate; 51. Back plate; 52. Tray; 53. First transmission gear; 54. Second transmission gear; 55. First eccentric wheel; 56. Second eccentric wheel; 57. Servo motor; 58. First swing arm; 59. Second swing arm; 60. High rod; 61. Low rod; 62. Left side opening; 63. Right side opening; 64. Guide rail; 65. High position protrusion; 66. Low position protrusion; 67. Pin shaft; 68. Suspension plate; 69. Second tension spring; 70. Extrusion plate; Detailed Implementation

[0034] To clearly understand the technical solution of this application, the following will describe in detail a rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery device provided by this application, in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0035] The terminology used in the following embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification and claims of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to also include expressions such as “one or more,” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that in the following embodiments of this application, “at least one” and “one or more” refer to one, two, or more than two.

[0036] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as used in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0037] Example 1: This example provides a rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery device, referencing... Figure 1 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the present invention. As can be seen from the diagram, the device includes a base 1, which serves as the supporting foundation for the entire device; a rare earth electrolysis furnace 2 is installed and fixed on the upper platform of the base 1, forming the core furnace body for electrolytic smelting; a lifting arm 3 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2, and an anode component 4 is mounted on the lifting arm 3; the anode component 4 extends vertically downwards and is inserted into the furnace body of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2, with the anode component 4 and the bottom of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2 pre-set... The cathode component 5 forms a mating structure to realize the electrolytic reaction; the feeder is also installed on the upper platform of the base 1, and the discharge end of the feeder is aligned with the raw material feeding area of ​​the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2, for feeding rare earth raw materials into the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2; the flue gas separator is installed on one side of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2, and the inlet end of the flue gas separator is opposite to the flue gas discharge port (i.e. the feed port of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2), for collecting the flue gas discharged during the smelting process of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2 and separating the fluorides in the flue gas.

[0038] For details, please refer to Figure 2 , 3 , Figure 2 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of the feeder, while Figure 3The diagram shows a partial schematic of the feeder. As can be seen, the feeder includes a feeding bin 6, which serves as the upper storage structure. A feeding channel 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the feeding bin 6, and its internal passage is connected to the outlet of the feeding bin 6, forming a flow path for the rare earth raw materials. A rotating shaft 8 is concentrically mounted inside the feeding channel 7, with its axis coinciding with the axis of the feeding channel 7. The rotating shaft 8 and the feeding channel 7 are rotatably connected, allowing the shaft to rotate around its own axis within the feeding channel 7. Horizontal plates 9 are fixedly installed at both ends of the feeding channel 7. The two ends of the rotating shaft 8 are rotatably connected to the corresponding horizontal plates 9, providing radial support to the rotating shaft 8 and ensuring stable rotation within the feeding channel 7. Spiral blades 10 are concentrically mounted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 8, rotating synchronously with it to receive and transport the rare earth raw materials falling through the connection between the feeding bin 6 and the feeding channel 7. An electric motor 11 is fixedly installed on the bottom outer wall of the feeding channel 7. The output shaft of the electric motor 11 is connected to the rotating shaft 8 via the conveyor belt 12 to provide power support for the operation of the rotating shaft 8. The support frame 13 is fixed to the bottom of the feeding bin 6 in a lifting manner, and a caster wheel bracket 14 is installed at the bottom of the support frame 13.

[0039] For details, please refer to Figure 4 , 5 , Figure 4 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic of a flue gas separator. Figure 5The diagram shows an exploded view of the flue gas separator. As can be seen, the separator includes a dust collection hood 15, which is the main structure for containing the flue gas. The dust collection port of the dust collection hood 15 is arranged opposite to the feed port of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2, forming the inlet end for collecting the flue gas. A coarse filter screen 16 is fixedly installed inside the dust collection hood 15, near the outer area of ​​the dust collection port, serving as the first filtration component after the flue gas enters, used to initially intercept large particulate impurities. A ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is pluggably mounted through the top of the dust collection hood 15. The main body of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is placed inside the dust collection hood 15, located inside the area of ​​the coarse filter screen 16. A pluggable handle 18 is fixedly installed on the top end face of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17, used to realize the extraction operation of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 for subsequent recovery of the fluorides adsorbed by the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17. A large particle impurity collection tank 19 is connected to the bottom area of ​​the dust collection hood 15, and the opening of the large particle impurity collection tank 19 corresponds to the front part of the coarse filter screen 16, used to collect large particle impurities intercepted by the coarse filter screen 16; a first recovery smoke pipe 20 is connected to the large particle impurity collection tank 19, used to extract and recover the large particle impurities in the tank. A second recovery smoke pipe 21 is connected to the side area of ​​the dust collection hood 15, and the connection position of the second recovery smoke pipe 21 and the dust collection hood 15 is located behind the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17, used to guide the airflow (carrying fine dust) after being treated by the coarse filter screen 16 and the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 to the rear end for subsequent recovery processing.

[0040] During flue gas treatment, as the adsorption process continues, fluorides on the surface of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 gradually accumulate to saturation. At this point, to ensure the continuous and stable operation and adsorption efficiency of the flue gas separator, it is necessary to remove and collect the fluorides adsorbed on the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17. This embodiment further optimizes and improves the existing flue gas separator structure by adding a purging and material removal mechanism. After the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is lifted out of the dust collection hood 15, the purging and material removal mechanism directly performs targeted purging treatment on the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 inside the dust collection hood 15, thereby achieving the removal and centralized collection of fluorides on the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17. The more specific structure of the purging and material removal mechanism is as follows.

[0041] refer to Figure 6 , 7 , Figure 6 The diagram shown is an assembly structure schematic of the purging and material removal mechanism. Figure 7The diagram shows the assembly structure of the purging and material removal mechanism. As can be seen, the mechanism includes a fixed arm 22, on which a first support column 23 and a second support column 24 are fixedly connected. A mounting base 25 is slidably mounted on the surfaces of the first and second support columns 23 and 24. The top of the mounting base 25 is fixedly connected to a lifting handle 26, allowing the mounting base 25 to slide up and down along the first and second support columns 23 and 24 by pulling the handle 26. A left purging unit 27 and a right purging unit 28 are both mounted on the first and second support columns 23 and 24, forming a gap between them for the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 to pass through. The nozzles 29 on the left and right purging units 27 and 28 are arranged opposite each other, corresponding to the two sides of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17, respectively. When the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is pulled out from the dust collection hood 15 and placed in the gap between the left blowing unit 27 and the right blowing unit 28, the lifting handle 26 drives the mounting base 25 and the left and right blowing units 27 and 28 to rise and fall along the support column. The activated left and right blowing units 27 and 28 can thoroughly blow on both sides of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 to remove the fluorides adsorbed on the surface of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17. The blowing and material removal mechanism is also equipped with a fluoride collection tank 30, which is shaped like a pair of shorts. In use, the middle part of the fluoride collection tank 30 straddles the outside of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 to receive the fluorides blown off by the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17, thus achieving centralized collection. The left purging unit 27 and the right purging unit 28 can be any existing products available on the market, such as the LZM20-02-A spraying equipment. The nozzles 29 on the left purging unit 27 and the right purging unit 28 can be tilted downwards and opposite to the trough of the fluoride collection tank 30 to facilitate the collection of fluorides.

[0042] Combining the above connection relationships and Figure 8 ( Figure 8 (This is a diagram showing the operational status of the purging and material removal mechanism). The working principle of the purging and material removal mechanism is as follows:

[0043] Step 1: When the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is saturated with fluorides, the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is pulled out entirely from the dust collection hood 15 of the flue gas separator through the plug-in handle 18 on the top of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17.

[0044] Step 2: Insert the extracted ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 into the gap between the left purging unit 27 and the right purging unit 28 in the purging and removal mechanism, and straddle the outside of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 with the middle part of the brooch-shaped fluoride collection tank 30, aligning it with the purging area.

[0045] Step 3: Turn on the left purge unit 27 and the right purge unit 28 (using LZM20-02-A model spraying equipment) so that the nozzle 29 sprays airflow onto both sides of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17.

[0046] Step 4: Operate the lifting handle 26 on the top of the mounting base 25 to drive the mounting base 25 and the left blowing unit 27 and the right blowing unit 28 to slide up and down along the first support column 23 and the second support column 24 (a1 and a2 directions) to achieve full blowing of the entire surface of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17.

[0047] Step 5: The fluoride that has been blown off falls directly into the fluoride collection tank 30 below, completing the centralized collection.

[0048] The overall workflow of this invention is roughly as follows:

[0049] Step 1: Rare earth raw materials are pre-stored in the feeding bin 6 of the feeder. The raw materials fall into the feeding channel 7 through the connection between the feeding bin 6 and the feeding channel 7. The electric motor 11 is started, and the output shaft of the electric motor 11 drives the rotating shaft 8 to rotate around its own axis in the feeding channel 7 through the conveyor belt 12. The spiral blades 10, which are fixed concentrically with the rotating shaft 8, rotate synchronously, receiving and pushing the raw materials, so that the raw materials are transported along the feeding channel 7 to the discharge end and fall accurately into the raw material feeding area of ​​the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2.

[0050] Step 2: The cathode component 5 at the bottom of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2 and the anode component 4, which is mounted on the lifting arm 3 and inserted into the furnace body, form a cooperative structure to realize the rare earth electrolysis reaction; the flue gas generated during the electrolysis process is discharged from the furnace body's feed port (i.e., flue gas emission port). The flue gas separator dust collection hood 15, which is arranged opposite to the feed port, is opened, and the flue gas enters the interior of the dust collection hood 15 through the dust collection port.

[0051] Step 3: The flue gas first passes through the coarse filter 16 near the dust collection port inside the dust collection hood 15. Large particles of impurities are initially intercepted and fall into the large particle impurity collection tank 19 at the bottom. The impurities in the tank can be extracted and recovered through the first recovery flue pipe 20. The flue gas passing through the coarse filter 16 flows through the area where the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is located. The fluorides in the flue gas are adsorbed by the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17. The airflow (carrying fine dust) after coarse filtration and fluoride adsorption is transported to the rear end for further processing (removal of fine dust) through the second recovery flue pipe 21 on the side of the dust collection hood 15.

[0052] Step 4: When the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is saturated with fluorides, the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is pulled out from the dust collection hood 15 by inserting and removing the handle 18, and the fluorides on the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 are removed and collected by the purging and material removal mechanism.

[0053] This invention primarily addresses the problem of separating fluorides from electrolytic furnace flue gas. The fluoride separation method of this invention is highly targeted and efficient. Through the graded treatment of the coarse filter 16 and ceramic fluoride adsorption plate 17 within the flue gas separator, large particulate impurities are first intercepted to avoid interfering with fluoride adsorption. Then, the ceramic fluoride adsorption plate 17 precisely adsorbs fluorides from the flue gas, achieving effective separation of fluorides from the flue gas. Fluoride recovery in this invention is convenient and centralized. The ceramic fluoride adsorption plate 17 adopts a pluggable design, and with the help of a dedicated purging and material removal mechanism, it can be quickly extracted after adsorption saturation and subjected to double-sided full-surface purging. Combined with the shorts-shaped fluoride collection tank 30, it can accurately collect fallen fluorides, completing centralized recovery. The equipment of this invention has strong operational stability. The purging and material removal mechanism allows for the reuse of the ceramic fluoride adsorption plate 17, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the flue gas separation system. Simultaneously, large particulate impurities and the treated gas flow are transported separately through dedicated recovery pipelines, achieving orderly recovery of multiple components. The structural design of this invention is practical and easy to maintain. The assembly relationship of each component is clear. The purging unit can use existing mature products. The design of the plug-in handle 18 and the sliding mounting base 25 reduces the difficulty of equipment operation and maintenance, and facilitates industrial application.

[0054] Example 2, as described in Example 1, utilizes a coarse filter 16 and a ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 in a flue gas separator for graded treatment, achieving the interception and recovery of large particulate impurities and the precise adsorption and separation of fluorides in the flue gas from the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2. However, it should be noted that the gas flow after adsorption treatment by the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 still carries fine dust. Directly discharging this gas flow into the atmosphere would impact the surrounding environment and potentially harm human health. To address this issue and ensure that the emitted gas flow meets environmental and safety requirements, this invention further optimizes the flue gas treatment system. Based on Example 1, a dust collector is designed, connected to the second recovery flue pipe 21, for the efficient capture and removal of fine dust from the gas flow after treatment by the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17. The specific structure and operation of this dust collector are described in detail below.

[0055] refer to Figure 9 , 10 , Figure 9 The diagram shown is a schematic of the dust collector's installation structure. Figure 10The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the dust collector. As can be seen from the diagram, the dust collector includes a placement seat 31, which is fixed above the base 1. The top of the placement seat 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer side of the dust collection box 32 to provide support for the dust collector. The side area of ​​the dust collection box 32 is connected to one end of the second recovery flue duct 21. The top area of ​​the dust collection box 32 is fixedly connected to one end of the exhaust duct 33, and the connection port of the exhaust duct 33 is located above each dust collection bag 37 to receive the purified airflow and discharge it outward. A slide rail 34 is fixedly installed on the inner top of the dust collector 32, and the slide rail 34 extends along the length of the dust collector 32; a guide plate 35 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the dust collector 32 and located above the second recovery flue 21, for receiving the airflow input from the second recovery flue 21 and guiding the airflow to the bottom of each dust collection bag 37; a total of 4 sets of support frames 36 are provided (other numbers can also be set in the specific configuration), and the top of each set of support frames 36 is slidably connected to the slide rail 34; the dust collection bags 37 correspond one-to-one with the support frames 36, and are assembled in a set on the outside of the corresponding support frames 36, and the 4 rows of dust collection bags 37 are distributed in a linear array inside the dust collector 32. The bottom of the dust collector 32 is a conical structure. The bottom outlet of this conical area is connected to the top inlet of the dust storage tank 38, which is used to receive the fine dust that falls after being captured by the dust collection bag 37. A solenoid valve 39 is fixedly connected to the bottom outlet of the dust storage tank 38. The discharge of dust can be controlled by opening and closing the solenoid valve 39.

[0056] This invention achieves the capture and collection of fine dust in the airflow through the dust collection bag 37 of the dust collector, effectively avoiding the environmental and health hazards caused by direct dust emissions. However, during the continuous operation of the dust collector, fine dust gradually accumulates on the outer surface of the dust collection bag 37. If this dust is not cleaned in time, it will not only reduce the dust collection efficiency of the dust collection bag 37, but may also cause the dust to adhere too thickly and be difficult to fall off naturally. To solve this problem and ensure the continuous and stable operation of the dust collector, this invention further optimizes and improves the basic structure of the dust collector by adding a mechanical vibration mechanism. The mechanical vibration mechanism is installed on the dust collection box 32. Through the instantaneous vibration release of this mechanism, the dust collection bag 37 is shaken, thereby shaking off the fine dust attached to its surface into the dust storage tank 38 below, realizing timely cleaning and centralized collection of dust. The specific structure and working method of this mechanical vibration mechanism are described in detail below.

[0057] refer to Figure 11 , 12 13, Figure 11 The diagram shown is a schematic of the installation structure of the mechanical vibration mechanism, while Figure 12 The diagram shown is a partial assembly structure schematic of the mechanical vibration mechanism, while Figure 13The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the mechanical vibration mechanism. As can be seen, the mechanism includes a guide frame 40. Inside the dust collector housing 32, four rows of dust collection bags 37 are arranged along the length direction, with each row containing two side-by-side dust collection bags 37. Each row of dust collection bags 37 is equipped with a corresponding guide frame 40, which is fixed to the outer wall of the dust collector housing 32. A single through-column 41 extends along the width direction of the dust collector housing 32 and penetrates it. The two dust collection bags 37 in each row are sequentially penetrated by two through-columns 41 in that row. After penetration, they are locked to the dust collection bags 37 by bolt components 42, achieving a fixed integration between the through-column 41 and the dust collection bags 37. One end of the through column 41 is fixedly connected to the corresponding column of push-pull plate 43, and the other end of the through column 41 passes through the other side wall of the dust collector 32 and is fixedly connected to the back plate 50; the corresponding back plates 50 of each column are fixedly connected to each other by connecting plates 49, forming a bundled integrated structure of multiple columns of back plates 50. The push-pull plate 43 is slidably connected to the corresponding guide frame 40, one end of the first tension spring 44 is fixedly connected to the push-pull plate 43, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the dust collector 32. In the initial state, the first tension spring 44 is in a naturally relaxed state. An electric push rod 45 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the dust collector housing 32. The extension and retraction direction of the electric push rod 45 is consistent with the distribution direction of the multiple push-pull plates 43. A wedge-shaped column 46 is fixedly connected to the end of the extension rod of the electric push rod 45. The slope of the wedge-shaped column 46 faces the push-pull plate 43, and the shape of the wedge-shaped column 46 is adapted to the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector housing 32, so that it can be inserted into the gap. When the electric push rod 45 drives the wedge-shaped column 46 to insert into the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the dust collector housing 32, the slope of the wedge-shaped column 46 presses against the push-pull plate 43, causing the push-pull plate 43, the back plate 50, and the through column 41 to move, and simultaneously stretching the first tension spring 44 to a tensioned state. After the wedge-shaped column 46 leaves the gap, the rebound force of the first tension spring 44 can cause the push-pull plate 43 to return to its original position instantly, thereby driving the through column 41 and the dust collection bag 37 to vibrate synchronously.

[0058] As an optimization solution for mechanical vibration mechanisms, we will continue to refer to... Figure 13 Magnet 47 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of guide frame 40, and electromagnet 48 is fixedly connected to push-pull plate 43, with the installation position of electromagnet 48 corresponding one-to-one with magnet 47. Note: When dust adheres stubbornly to the surface of dust collection bag 37 and a single dust shaking is incomplete, the magnetic poles of electromagnet 48 can be changed to alternately attract and repel magnet 47, indirectly driving push-pull plate 43 and through column 41 to reciprocate, thereby enabling dust collection bag 37 to reciprocate and shake thoroughly.

[0059] Based on the above connections, the working principle of the dust collector is as follows:

[0060] Step 1: After being processed by the flue gas separator (removing large particulate impurities and adsorbing fluorides), the airflow carrying fine dust is transported to the dust collector 32 through the second recovery flue pipe 21. The airflow is guided by the guide plate 35 inside the collector and flows to the area below each dust collection bag 37. Under the action of external suction (such as an exhaust fan) of the exhaust pipe 33, the airflow passes upward through the surface of the dust collection bag 37, and the fine dust is captured by the dust collection bag 37. The purified airflow is then discharged to the outside through the exhaust pipe 33.

[0061] Step 2: When there is a lot of dust on the surface of the dust collection bag 37, the mechanical vibration mechanism is activated: the electric push rod 45 drives the wedge-shaped column 46 to insert into the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32, and uses the slope to squeeze the push-pull plate 43, causing the push-pull plate 43, the through column 41, and the dust collection bag 37 to move synchronously, while stretching the first tension spring 44 to a tensioned state; then the electric push rod 45 drives the wedge-shaped column 46 to disengage from the gap, and the rebound force of the first tension spring 44 causes the push-pull plate 43 to return to its original position instantly, thereby causing the dust collection bag 37 to vibrate, and the dust attached to the surface of the dust collection bag 37 is shaken off into the dust storage trough 38 at the bottom of the dust collector 32.

[0062] Step 3: If the dust on the surface of the dust collection bag 37 is stubborn and a single shake is not thorough, the magnetic poles of the electromagnet 48 are changed so that the electromagnet 48 alternately attracts and repels the magnet 47 at the corresponding position, which indirectly drives the push-pull plate 43 and the through column 41 to reciprocate, thereby driving the dust collection bag 37 to shake back and forth, so as to achieve sufficient dust removal.

[0063] Step 4: The dust storage tank 38 continuously receives the dust that falls off. When it accumulates to a certain amount, the solenoid valve 39 at the bottom of the tank is opened to discharge the temporarily stored dust.

[0064] The present invention, by incorporating a dust collector, offers the following beneficial effects:

[0065] First, it can efficiently capture fine dust in the airflow, preventing its direct emission from affecting the environment and harming human health, thus ensuring that the exhaust meets environmental and safety standards. Second, the mechanical vibration mechanism enables timely dust removal from the dust collection bag 37, and the reciprocating vibration of the electromagnet 48 with magnetic pole switching optimizes the cleaning of stubborn dust accumulation, preventing dust accumulation from reducing dust removal efficiency. Third, the dust storage tank 38, in conjunction with the solenoid valve 39, enables centralized dust discharge. Fourth, it can be connected to a flue gas separator to form a complete flue gas treatment system of "large particle interception, fluoride adsorption, and fine dust capture," improving the overall purification effect.

[0066] Example 3: As described in Example 1, the present invention uses the left purging unit 27 and the right purging unit 28 of the purging and removal mechanism to perform double-sided purging of the saturated ceramic fluoride adsorption plate 17, thus achieving centralized collection of fluorides. However, in actual purging, the fixed-distance purging units easily form purging blind spots (such as the corners and surface depressions of the ceramic fluoride adsorption plate 17), and the single-distance airflow jet is difficult to fully remove stubbornly attached fluorides, easily leading to fluoride residue, which reduces fluoride recovery efficiency and affects the reuse effect of the ceramic fluoride adsorption plate 17. To solve this problem and further improve the sufficiency of fluoride purging and collection, the present invention further designs a reciprocating linkage unit on the basic structure of the purging and removal mechanism of Example 1. Through this reciprocating linkage unit, the left purging unit 27 and the right purging unit 28 can be linked to achieve reciprocating motion relative to the ceramic fluoride adsorption plate 17 from near to far and from far to near, expanding the purging coverage area while enhancing the stripping effect of the airflow on stubborn fluorides. The specific structure and working method of this reciprocating linkage unit are as follows.

[0067] refer to Figure 14 The diagram shows the installation structure of the reciprocating linkage unit. As can be seen, the reciprocating linkage unit includes a tray 51 and a mounting base 25 slidably mounted on the surfaces of the first support column 23 and the second support column 24, allowing it to slide left and right along these columns. A right purging unit 28 is also slidably connected to the first support column 23 and the second support column 24. The tray 51 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 25. The first transmission gear 52 and the second transmission gear 53 mesh and are rotatably connected to the tray 51. The first eccentric wheel 54 is concentrically mounted on the first transmission gear 52 and rotates synchronously with it. The second eccentric wheel 55 is rotatably mounted on the second transmission gear 53 and rotates synchronously with it. A servo motor 56 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 25, and its output shaft is concentrically fixed with the second transmission gear 53, providing power for the rotation of the second transmission gear 53. One end of the first swing arm 57 is hinged to the eccentricity of the first eccentric wheel 54, and the other end is hinged to the outer wall of the right blowing unit 28; one end of the second swing arm 58 is hinged to the eccentricity of the second eccentric wheel 55, and the other end is hinged to the fixed arm 22. Under the action of the servo motor 56, the first transmission gear 52 and the second transmission gear 53 rotate synchronously. When the first eccentric wheel 54 and the second eccentric wheel 55 rotate with the corresponding first transmission gear 52 and second transmission gear 53, the hinged transmission of the first swing arm 57 and the second swing arm 58 forces the right blowing unit 28 and the left blowing unit 27 to slide along the support column, realizing the action of moving closer or further apart.

[0068] Based on the above connections, the working principle of the reciprocating linkage unit is as follows:

[0069] Step 1: The servo motor 56 is started. The output shaft of the servo motor 56 drives the second transmission gear 53 to rotate, and the first transmission gear 52 rotates synchronously through gear meshing.

[0070] Step 2: The first transmission gear 52 drives the first eccentric wheel 54, which is concentrically connected, to rotate synchronously, and the second transmission gear 53 drives the second eccentric wheel 55, which is connected, to rotate synchronously.

[0071] Step 3: When the first eccentric wheel 54 rotates, the eccentric part of the first eccentric wheel drives the right purging unit 28 to slide along the support column through the hinged first rocker arm 57; when the second eccentric wheel 55 rotates, the eccentric part of the second eccentric wheel 55, through the hinged second rocker arm 58, in conjunction with the support of the fixed arm 22, further links the left purging unit 27 to move.

[0072] Step 4: Through the rotation of the first eccentric wheel 54 and the second eccentric wheel 55 and the transmission of the first swing rod 57 and the second swing rod 58, the right blowing unit 28 and the left blowing unit 27 slide back and forth along the first support column 23 and the second support column 24, expanding the blowing coverage area and enhancing the airflow stripping effect.

[0073] The present invention, by setting up a reciprocating linkage unit, has the following beneficial effects:

[0074] First, it eliminates purging blind spots and expands the purging coverage of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17; second, it enhances the stripping effect of airflow on stubborn fluorides and reduces fluoride residues; third, it improves fluoride recovery efficiency and ensures the reusability of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17.

[0075] Example 4, as described in Example 2, demonstrates how the present invention, through the cooperation of the dust collector's ash collection bag 37 and the mechanical vibration mechanism, achieves efficient capture and ash removal of fine dust in the flue gas of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2, forming a complete flue gas treatment chain of "large particle interception, fluoride adsorption, and fine dust capture". However, in practical application, it was found that the fixed shape of the ash collection bag 37 still has room for optimization: on the one hand, during the dust collection stage, the ash collection bag 37 needs to maintain the maximum effective collection area to improve the dust capture efficiency per unit time; on the other hand, during the dust removal stage, the ash collection bag 37 needs to have sufficient slack so that the vibration force of the mechanical vibration mechanism can be fully transmitted to all areas of the bag, avoiding stubborn ash adhesion and incomplete removal due to the ash collection bag 37 being too tight. Therefore, based on the basic structure of the dust collector in Embodiment 2, this invention further designs a deformation mechanism. This deformation mechanism is connected to the support frame 36. This mechanism can precisely control the dust collection bag 37 to switch between an "open state" and a "relaxed state" according to the dust collection or shaking conditions, thereby maximizing the dust contact area during the collection phase and improving the thoroughness of vibration cleaning during the shaking phase, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the dust collector. The specific structure of the deformation mechanism is as follows.

[0076] refer to Figure 15 , 16 17, Figure 15 The diagram shown is a schematic of the installation structure of the deformation mechanism, while Figure 16 The diagram shown is a partial installation structure schematic of the deformation mechanism, while Figure 17The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the deformation mechanism. As can be seen, the mechanism includes a high rod 59 and a low rod 60. The left and right supporting parts 61 and 62 of the support frame 36 are slidably connected to the slide rail 34, with the left and right supporting parts 61 and 62 being staggered in height. The left supporting part 61 is fixedly connected to the high rod 59, and the right supporting part 62 is fixedly connected to the low rod 60. A guide rail 63 is arranged on the same side of the high rod 59 and the low rod 60. A groove at one end of the guide rail 63 slidably matches a high protrusion 64 on the high rod 59, and a groove at the other end of the guide rail 63 slidably connects to a low protrusion 65 on the low rod 60. The central part of the guide rail 63 is rotatably connected by a pin 66, which is fixed to a suspension plate 67. The suspension plate 67 is fixedly connected to the dust collector housing 32, while both the high rod 59 and the low rod 60 maintain a slidable connection to the dust collector housing 32. A second tension spring 68 is fixedly connected to the high rod 59, and the other end of the second tension spring 68 is fixedly connected to the dust collector housing 32; the high rod 59 is also fixedly connected to the extrusion plate 69. When the second tension spring 68 is in its natural state, the left support portion 61 connected to the high rod 59 and the right support portion 62 connected to the low rod 60 are in a close-to-close state, stretching the corresponding dust collection bag 37 to a relaxed state; under the action of an external drive source, the high rod 59 and the low rod 60 slide along the dust collector housing 32, the second tension spring 68 is in a compressed state, causing the left support portion 61 and the adjacent right support portion 62 to move away from each other, thereby stretching the corresponding dust collection bag 37 to an open state.

[0077] As an optimization solution, continue to refer to Figure 15 The external drive source directly uses the linkage plate 70 connected to the wedge-shaped column 46. When the linkage plate 70 presses against the extrusion plate 69, the second tension spring 68 is in a compressed state. The left support part 61 and the adjacent right support part 62 stretch the corresponding dust collection bag 37 to the open state. At this time, the wedge-shaped column 46 is inserted into the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32. When the linkage plate 70 is disengaged from the extrusion plate 69 and until the second tension spring 68 returns to its natural state, the left support part 61 and the right support part 62 stretch the corresponding dust collection bag 37 to the relaxed state. At this time, the wedge-shaped column 46 is still inserted into the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32. If the wedge-shaped column 46 is moved further, the linkage plate 70 will continue to move away from the extrusion plate 69 until the wedge-shaped column 46 is pulled out from the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32.

[0078] The external drive source directly uses the linkage plate 70, which is fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped column 46. The installation position of the linkage plate 70 corresponds to the extrusion plate 69, and it can form a "contact and disengagement" engagement relationship with the extrusion plate 69. At the same time, the wedge-shaped column 46 can form a "plug-in and pull-out" engagement relationship with the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32. When the linkage plate 70 extrudes the extrusion plate 69, the high rod 59 slides along the dust collector 32, and the second tension spring 68 is compressed. The high rod 59 slides synchronously with the low rod 60 through the sliding groove of the guide rail 63, causing the left side opening part 61 of the support frame 36 to move away from the adjacent right side opening part 62, thereby stretching the corresponding dust collection bag 37 to the opening state. At this time, the wedge-shaped column 46 is inserted into the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32.

[0079] After the linkage plate 70 disengages from the pressing plate 69, the second tension spring 68 gradually returns to its natural state, causing the high rod 59 and the low rod 60 to reset synchronously. The left side opening 61 of the support frame 36 moves closer to the adjacent right side opening 62, stretching the corresponding dust collection bag 37 to a relaxed state. During this stage, the wedge-shaped column 46 remains inserted in the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32. As the wedge-shaped column 46 continues to move, the linkage plate 70 moves further away from the pressing plate 69, and finally the wedge-shaped column 46 is pulled out from the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32, completing the reset action of the drive component.

[0080] Based on the above connections, the working principle of the deformation mechanism is as follows:

[0081] Step 1: Switching the open state of the dust collection bag 37. When it is necessary to capture fine dust, the electric push rod 45 of the mechanical vibration mechanism drives the wedge-shaped column 46 to insert into the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32. At the same time, the linkage plate 70 fixed with the wedge-shaped column 46 squeezes the extrusion plate 69 of the deformation mechanism: the high rod 59 slides along the dust collector 32 and compresses the second tension spring 68. The low rod 60 slides synchronously through the sliding groove of the guide rail 63, causing the left side opening part 61 of the support frame 36 and the adjacent right side opening part 62 to move away from each other. Finally, the corresponding dust collection bag 37 is stretched to the open state to maximize the dust collection area.

[0082] Step 2, Switching the Dust Collection Bag 37 to a Relaxed State: When it is necessary to shake off the dust from the surface of the dust collection bag 37, the electric push rod 45 drives the linkage plate 70 to disengage from the squeezing plate 69: the second tension spring 68 gradually returns to its natural state, driving the high rod 59 and the low rod 60 to reset synchronously, and the left side opening part 61 and the right side opening part 62 of the support frame 36 move closer together, stretching the corresponding dust collection bag 37 to a relaxed state (to facilitate the transmission of vibration force by the mechanical vibration mechanism); at this stage, the wedge-shaped column 46 still remains inserted in the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the dust collector box 32, providing a basis for subsequent dust shaking vibration.

[0083] Step 3: After the dust is shaken off, the electric push rod 45 continues to drive the wedge-shaped column 46 to move, pulling the wedge-shaped column 46 out of the gap between the push-pull plate 43 and the outer wall of the dust collector 32. The linkage plate 70 moves further away from the extrusion plate 69, completing the reset of the deformation mechanism and the mechanical vibration mechanism drive components, and waiting for the next round of working condition switching.

[0084] The present invention, by setting a deformation mechanism, has the following beneficial effects: First, it adapts to dust collection and shaking conditions, expands the dust collection bag 37 to maximize the dust contact area, and improves dust capture efficiency; Second, it keeps the dust collection bag 37 relaxed during the shaking stage, enhances the dust removal force of the vibration mechanism, and improves the thoroughness of dust removal; Third, relying on the linkage design with the mechanical vibration mechanism drive component, it realizes component sharing, strengthens system synergy, and thus improves integration.

[0085] Note: After the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is removed from the dust collection hood 15, the left blowing unit 27 and the right blowing unit 28 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of it, and the nozzle 29 is set at an angle downwards (to adapt to the falling trajectory of fluoride). Driven by the reciprocating linkage unit, the left and right blowing units can continuously switch between the "first position close to the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate" and the "second position far away from the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate". When the blowing unit is in the first position, the nozzle 29 is closer to the surface of the adsorption plate, and the airflow impact force is stronger, which can efficiently peel off the stubborn fluoride. When the blowing unit is in the second position, the nozzle 29 has a wider coverage area and can cover the edges and corners of the adsorption plate and other easily missed areas. The angled nozzle combined with the horizontal reciprocating motion makes the airflow form a continuous "fan-shaped coverage band" on the surface of the adsorption plate, ultimately achieving "area blowing" (rather than a single "line blowing"), completely eliminating the blind spot problem of traditional fixed-interval blowing.

[0086] The purging and material removal mechanism of this application not only has a horizontal reciprocating function, but also realizes the vertical movement of the purging unit (a1, a2 direction) through the sliding cooperation between the mounting base 25 and the first and second support columns. The vertical movement can cover the entire longitudinal height of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17, and the horizontal reciprocating movement can cover the entire transverse width. The two superimposed form a "three-dimensional purging trajectory". This design ensures that every surface of the adsorption plate (including the central area, edge area and corner parts) can be fully covered by the airflow, solving the technical pain point of "insufficient local purging" in traditional fixed purging units.

[0087] The reciprocating linkage unit requires only one servo motor 56 as the drive source. Through a mechanical structure of "gear meshing, eccentric wheel transmission, and swing arm linkage", it synchronously drives the left and right blowing units to achieve reciprocating motion. Compared with the solution of configuring a separate drive source for each blowing unit, this design reduces the number of driving components, thereby reducing equipment manufacturing costs and failure rates. The gear and eccentric wheel transmission structure has the advantages of smooth movement and controllable stroke, which can precisely adjust the reciprocating amplitude of the blowing unit (to adapt to different sizes of ceramic fluorine adsorption plates), ensuring the stability of blowing force and coverage area, and further improving the consistency of blowing effect.

[0088] Note: Reference Figure 18 The diagram shows the usage status of the left blowing unit 27, the right blowing unit 28, and the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17. After the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is removed from the dust collection hood 15, the left blowing unit 27 and the right blowing unit 28 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of it, and the nozzles 29 are set at an angle downwards. Driven by the reciprocating linkage unit, the left and right blowing units can continuously switch between a "first position close to the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate" and a "second position far from the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate". When the blowing unit is in the first position, the nozzle 29 is closer to the surface of the adsorption plate, and the airflow impact force is stronger, which can efficiently remove stubborn fluorides. When the blowing unit is in the second position, the nozzle 29 has a wider coverage area and can cover the edges and corners of the adsorption plate and other easily missed areas. The angled nozzles combined with the horizontal reciprocating motion make the airflow form a continuous "fan-shaped coverage band" on the surface of the adsorption plate, ultimately achieving "area blowing" and completely eliminating the blind spot problem of traditional fixed-interval blowing.

[0089] The purging and material removal mechanism of this application not only has a horizontal reciprocating function, but also realizes the vertical movement of the purging unit (a1, a2 direction) through the sliding cooperation between the mounting base 25 and the first and second support columns. The vertical movement can cover the entire longitudinal height of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17, and the horizontal reciprocating movement can cover the entire transverse width. The two superimposed form a "three-dimensional purging trajectory". This design ensures that every surface of the adsorption plate (including the central area, edge area and corner parts) can be fully covered by the airflow, solving the technical pain point of "insufficient local purging" in traditional fixed purging units.

[0090] The reciprocating linkage unit requires only one servo motor 56 as the drive source. Through the mechanical structure of "gear meshing, eccentric wheel transmission, and swing arm linkage", it synchronously drives the left and right blowing units to achieve reciprocating motion. Compared with the solution of configuring a separate drive source for each blowing unit, this design reduces the number of driving components, thereby reducing equipment manufacturing costs and failure rates. The gear and eccentric wheel transmission structure has the advantages of smooth movement and controllable stroke, which can precisely adjust the reciprocating amplitude of the blowing unit, ensuring the stability of blowing force and coverage area, and further improving the consistency of blowing effect.

[0091] When the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 is pulled out of the dust collection hood 15, a gap will be formed between the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate 17 and the top opening of the dust collection hood 15. However, this gap is not a channel for dust to fall, but an "auxiliary suction port" for dust recovery.

[0092] The flue gas outlet of the rare earth electrolysis furnace 2 continuously supplies airflow into the dust collection hood 15, keeping the inside of the dust collection hood 15 under a slight negative pressure, forming a continuous suction force along the s1 and s2 directions. During the purging process, most of the stripped fluoride dust will be directly sucked into the dust collection hood 15 through the gaps under the action of the slight negative pressure suction force, and will eventually fall into the large particle impurity collection tank 19 or be recovered through subsequent pipelines. The core function of the fluoride collection tank 30 is to "receive a small amount of fluoride that falls due to airflow disturbance or suction blind spot", forming a dual guarantee of "core recovery and auxiliary bottom protection".

Claims

1. A rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery device, characterized in that: The system includes a base, with the rare earth electrolysis furnace fixedly installed on the upper platform of the base in the corresponding area; a lifting arm is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the rare earth electrolysis furnace, and an anode component is mounted on the lifting arm; the anode component extends vertically downward and inserts into the furnace body of the rare earth electrolysis furnace, cooperating with the cathode component pre-set at the bottom of the rare earth electrolysis furnace to achieve the electrolysis reaction; a feeder is installed on the upper platform of the base, and the discharge end of the feeder is used to feed rare earth raw materials into the rare earth electrolysis furnace; a flue gas separator is installed on one side of the rare earth electrolysis furnace, with the inlet end of the flue gas separator opposite to the flue gas outlet of the rare earth electrolysis furnace, used to collect the flue gas discharged during the smelting process of the rare earth electrolysis furnace and separate the fluorides in the flue gas; it also includes a dust collector, which is connected to the second recovery unit of the flue gas separator. The dust collector includes a mounting base fixed above a base, with its top fixed to the outer bottom of the dust collector housing. A side section of the dust collector housing connects to one end of a second recovery flue. The top section of the dust collector housing is fixed to one end of an exhaust duct, with the exhaust duct's opening corresponding to the area above each dust collection bag. A slide rail is fixed to the inner top of the dust collector housing, extending along its length. A baffle plate is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the dust collector housing, positioned above the second recovery flue. Four sets of support frames are provided, each with its top slidably connected to the slide rail. Dust collection bags are fitted one-to-one with the support frames in a set configuration. The outer side of the support frame should be supported, and four rows of dust collection bags should be distributed in a linear array inside the dust collector box. The bottom of the dust collector box is a conical structure, and the bottom outlet of the conical structure is connected to the top inlet of the dust storage tank. A solenoid valve is fixed at the bottom outlet of the dust storage tank. A mechanical vibration mechanism is installed on the dust collector box, and the mechanical vibration mechanism includes a guide frame. Four rows of dust collection bags are specifically arranged along the length of the dust collector box, and each row contains two dust collection bags arranged side by side. Each row of dust collection bags is equipped with a corresponding guide frame, and the guide frame is fixed to the outer wall of the dust collector box. A single through column extends along the width of the dust collector box and penetrates the dust collector box. The two dust collection bags in each row are successively penetrated by the two through columns of the single row, and after penetration, they are locked to the dust collection bags by bolt components. The column is fixedly connected at one end to the corresponding column of push-pull plate, and at the other end of the column, it passes through the other side wall of the dust collector and is fixedly connected to the back plate. The back plates of each column are fixedly connected by connecting plates. The push-pull plate is slidably connected to the corresponding guide frame. One end of the first tension spring is fixedly connected to the push-pull plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the dust collector. In the initial state, the first tension spring is in a naturally relaxed state. The electric push rod is fixed to the outer side wall of the dust collector. The extension and retraction direction of the electric push rod is consistent with the distribution direction of the multiple push-pull plates. The wedge-shaped column is fixed to the end of the extension and retraction rod of the electric push rod. The slope of the wedge-shaped column faces the push-pull plate, and the shape of the wedge-shaped column is adapted to the gap between the push-pull plate and the outer side wall of the dust collector, so that it can be inserted into the gap.The deformation mechanism is connected to the support frame. This mechanism precisely controls the switching between the expanded and relaxed states of the dust collection bag according to the dust collection or shaking requirements. The deformation mechanism includes a high rod and a low rod. The left and right expansion parts of the support frame are slidably connected to slide rails, with the left and right expansion parts staggered at different heights. The left expansion part is fixed to the high rod, and the right expansion part is fixed to the low rod. Guide rails are configured on the same side of the high and low rods. A groove at one end of the guide rail slides and matches a high protrusion on the high rod, while a groove at the other end slides and connects to a low protrusion on the low rod. The central part of the guide rail is rotatably connected by a pin, which is fixed to the suspension plate. The suspension plate is fixed to the dust collector housing, and both the high and low rods slide against the dust collector housing. A second tension spring is fixed to the high rod. The other end of the second tension spring is fixed to the dust collector housing; the high rod is fixed to the extrusion plate; the external drive source is the linkage plate connected to the wedge-shaped column; when the linkage plate presses against the extrusion plate, the second tension spring is in a compressed state, and the left and right expansion parts stretch the corresponding dust collection bags to the expanded state. At this time, the wedge-shaped column is inserted into the gap between the push-pull plate and the outer wall of the dust collector housing; when the linkage plate disengages from the extrusion plate and until the second tension spring returns to its natural state, the left and right expansion parts stretch the corresponding dust collection bags to the relaxed state. At this time, the wedge-shaped column is still inserted into the gap between the push-pull plate and the outer wall of the dust collector housing; as the wedge-shaped column continues to move, the linkage plate will continue to move away from the extrusion plate until the wedge-shaped column is pulled out from the gap between the push-pull plate and the outer wall of the dust collector housing.

2. The rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeder includes a feeding bin, a feeding channel fixed at the bottom of the feeding bin, and a feeding channel connected to the feeding bin outlet to form a rare earth raw material flow path; a rotating shaft is concentrically located in the feeding channel with its axis coincident and is rotatable; horizontal plates are fixed at both ends of the feeding channel, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the horizontal plates; spiral blades are concentrically fixed to the outer wall of the rotating shaft and rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft to transport the falling rare earth raw materials; an electric motor is fixed to the bottom outer wall of the feeding channel, and the output shaft of the electric motor is connected to the rotating shaft through a conveyor belt.

3. The rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas separator includes a dust collection hood, the dust collection port of which is arranged opposite to the feed port of the rare earth electrolysis furnace to form the flue gas collection inlet; a coarse filter screen is fixed inside the dust collection hood near the outer area of ​​the dust collection port to initially intercept large particulate impurities; a ceramic fluorine adsorption plate is pluggably mounted on the top of the dust collection hood, with its main body placed inside the dust collection hood and located in the inner area of ​​the coarse filter screen, and a pluggable handle is fixed to the top end face of the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate; a large particulate impurity collection tank is connected to the bottom area of ​​the dust collection hood, with the tank opening corresponding to the front part of the coarse filter screen to receive the intercepted large particulate impurities; a second recovery flue pipe is connected to the side area of ​​the dust collection hood, with the connection point between the second recovery flue pipe and the dust collection hood located behind the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate, to guide the treated airflow to the rear end.

4. The rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first recovery pipe is connected to the large particle impurity collection tank and is used to extract large particle impurities from the recovery tank.

5. The rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas separator also includes a purging and material removal mechanism; the purging and material removal mechanism is used to perform targeted purging treatment on the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate after it is lifted out of the dust collection hood as a whole, so as to remove and collect the fluorides on the ceramic fluorine adsorption plate.

6. The rare earth electrolysis furnace flue gas separation and recovery equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fluoride collection tank is shaped like a pair of shorts, with the middle part straddling the outside of the ceramic fluoride adsorption plate to receive the fluoride that falls during purging and achieve centralized collection.

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