Spray head and method for killing respiratory pathogens through active oxygen free radical liquid drops

Abstract

The invention relates to a spray head and a method for killing respiratory pathogens by active oxygen free radical liquid drops. The spray head comprises a spray head rotating device, a spray head runner shell and an OH solution inlet, the device comprises an H < 2 > O < 2 > solution inlet, an H < 2 > O < 2 > solution diversion chamber, an OH solution flow channel and two H < 2 > O < The OH solution and the H2O2 solution are subjected to flow stabilization-acceleration through the flow stabilization cavity in the spray head and then jetted into a beam of OH liquid drops and two beams of H2O2 liquid drops through the high-pressure jet flow V-shaped spray nozzle, the H2O2 liquid drops are distributed on the two sides of the OH liquid drops, escaping oxygen active particle gas is captured, the three beams of liquid drops jointly expand and extend downwards and gradually intersect, collide and mix, the OH liquid drops with the higher concentration are generated, and the oxygen active particle gas with the higher concentration is generated. And all-around 100% disinfection and killing of viruses on the surface of an object can be realized within 10 seconds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of advanced oxidation technology and spray disinfection of respiratory pathogens. It relates to a nozzle and method for disinfecting respiratory pathogens using reactive oxygen free radical droplets. Background Technology

[0002] Inhaled droplets from infected individuals are atomized into viral aerosols of varying sizes. Larger droplets settle rapidly (within seconds) to nearby surfaces due to gravity; smaller aerosol particles, however, can remain suspended in the air for extended periods, spreading further with airflow. Ultimately, they gradually settle onto various surfaces by gravity, leaving virus residue and posing a risk of contact transmission. Therefore, developing scientific, efficient, and rapid surface disinfection methods has become a crucial means of cutting off the large-scale spread of viruses.

[0003] Virus disinfection methods are mainly divided into physical and chemical methods. Physical methods often utilize special light irradiation to achieve sterilization, including ultraviolet irradiation and gamma ray irradiation. For example, an ultraviolet air disinfection system (publication number: CN116294027A) for multi-stage filtration and enrichment of the novel coronavirus uses high-power ultraviolet LEDs with a peak wavelength of 254nm, a main spectral range of 222nm~270nm, and a peak power of 100m. It achieves continuous high-energy rapid disinfection of small-area enriched coronaviruses through lens focusing, and can quickly and successfully kill 99.9% of the novel coronavirus within 30 seconds. Its biggest drawback is the small irradiation area, requiring enrichment of the novel coronavirus. Furthermore, all special light rays are harmful to the human body and cannot be used directly in areas with high pedestrian traffic. It also has shadow blind spots and needs to be combined with reflective devices to improve the uniformity of irradiation in low-temperature environments.

[0004] Chemical methods mainly include chlorine-containing disinfectants, hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium salts, etc. For example, sodium hypochlorite has broad-spectrum bactericidal ability and is inexpensive. A 0.1% concentration (1000ppm) can inactivate 99.9% of the novel coronavirus in 5 minutes (KampfG., Todt D., Pfaender S., et al. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimatesurfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents[J]. Journal of hospitalinfection, 2020, 104(3): 246-251.), but its lethal concentration is high, and its reaction efficiency is seriously affected in low-temperature environments. A stable peracetic acid composition and device for space disinfection of the novel coronavirus (publication number: CN112676721A) disinfects air or surfaces by spraying or soaking. The concentration of the agent is 0.2%-0.5%, and the action time is as long as 15-30 minutes. Peracetic acid is irritating to the skin and respiratory tract, has a pungent odor, and is highly corrosive to metals.

[0005] The technology of generating •OH solution through atmospheric pressure ionization discharge combined with water jet cavitation relies on the strong oxidizing properties, broad spectrum, non-toxicity, and environmental friendliness of •OH, making it a rapid, safe, and efficient means of spraying to disinfect viruses. However, the type of nozzle structure has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the •OH solution in disinfecting viruses. For example, the complex internal structure of swirl nozzles and the large pressure loss result in a significant decrease in the TRO concentration of •OH droplets at the nozzle outlet, greatly reducing the disinfecting effect of •OH droplets. Although the decrease in the TRO concentration of •OH droplets from jet nozzles is smaller than that from swirl nozzles, a considerable amount of attenuation still occurs.

[0006] In summary, existing disinfection technologies and spray nozzles have some drawbacks, such as high disinfection concentration, poor disinfection effect, long disinfection time, environmental pollution, and limited application, which cannot meet the disinfection needs of respiratory viruses. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a nozzle for eliminating respiratory pathogens by reactive oxygen free radical droplets.

[0008] A nozzle for eliminating respiratory pathogens using reactive oxygen free radical droplets includes a nozzle rotation device 19, a nozzle flow channel shell 24, an OH solution inlet 25, an H2O2 solution inlet 26, an H2O2 solution distribution chamber 40, an OH solution flow channel 32, and two H2O2 solution flow channels 33. The OH solution flow channel 32 is located in the middle of the nozzle interior, and the two H2O2 solution flow channels 33 are symmetrically distributed around the outer periphery of the OH solution flow channel. The H2O2 solution inlet 26 is connected to the two H2O2 solution flow channels via the H2O2 solution distribution chamber 40. Both flow channels have a conical-cylindrical combined tapered flow stabilizing cavity at their ends. The end of the OH solution flow channel is connected to a linear OH solution nozzle 31, and the ends of both H2O2 solution flow channels are inclined towards the nozzle's central axis and connected to the narrow linear H2O2 solution nozzle 30.

[0009] Furthermore, the diameter ratio of the •OH solution channel and the H2O2 solution channel is 2:1 to 6:1, the stabilizing cavity shrinkage ratio of the two channels is 1.5:1 to 3:1, and the tilt angle of the end of the H2O2 solution channel 33 towards the central axis of the nozzle is 5 to 30°.

[0010] Furthermore, the flow stabilizing cavity at the end of the •OH solution flow channel 32 is sequentially connected to the first contraction section 36, the first flow stabilizing section 37, the second contraction section 38, and the second flow stabilizing section 39 of the •OH solution; the flow stabilizing cavity at the end of the H2O2 solution flow channel 33 is sequentially connected to the H2O2 solution contraction section 34 and the flow stabilizing section 35.

[0011] Furthermore, the equivalent diameter of the •OH solution nozzle is 0.6~1.0 mm, and the aspect ratio of the nozzle is 3:1~6:1; the equivalent diameter of the H2O2 solution nozzle is 0.4~0.6 mm, and the aspect ratio of the nozzle is 6:1~9:1.

[0012] Furthermore, the nozzle rotation device 19 includes a rotating base 42 with a built-in micro motor, a power gear 43, a transmission gear 44, and a nozzle fixing clamp 45. The power output shaft of the micro motor is connected to the power gear 43, and the power gear 43 is connected to the nozzle fixing clamp 45 through the transmission gear 44. The nozzle flow channel housing 24 is connected to the nozzle fixing clamp 45, and the nozzle is rotated by the nozzle fixing clamp 45.

[0013] This invention also provides a method for eliminating respiratory pathogens using reactive oxygen free radical droplets achieved with the above-mentioned nozzle, comprising the following steps: 1) The oxygen plasma generator is activated. Oxygen is ionized and dissociated into oxygen active particle gas through the high-frequency and high-voltage excitation electric field applied by the extremely narrow discharge gap. The generated oxygen active particle gas enters the gas / liquid miscible hydrodynamic cavitation device from the gas inlet, reacts with water to generate •OH solution, and is further misculated through the liquid / liquid miscible device to generate a higher concentration of •OH solution.

[0014] 2) The •OH solution generated in step 1) is pressurized by the •OH solution booster pump and then transported to the •OH solution inlet of the jet nozzle through the •OH solution distribution pipeline; the H2O2 solution is pressurized by the H2O2 solution booster pump and then transported to the H2O2 solution inlet of the jet nozzle through the H2O2 solution distribution pipeline.

[0015] 3) The •OH solution enters the •OH solution stabilization chamber through the •OH solution channel inside the jet nozzle. Under pressure, it is accelerated through the first contraction section of the stabilization chamber and then enters the first stabilization section. After being accelerated and stabilized twice through the second contraction section and the second stabilization section, the •OH droplets are ejected from the linear •OH solution nozzle. The H2O2 solution enters the H2O2 solution distribution chamber inside the jet nozzle, which distributes the H2O2 solution to two H2O2 solution channels. After entering the H2O2 solution stabilization chamber, it is accelerated through the contraction section and the stabilization section and then ejected from the two narrow linear H2O2 solution nozzles 30, resulting in two streams of micron-sized H2O2 droplets. 4) The two micron-sized H2O2 droplets formed in step 3) are distributed on both sides of the •OH droplet. The three droplets spread out and extend, colliding and mixing in space, and further breaking down; •OH is generated again during the collision process. 5) The micro motor transmits power to the nozzle fixing clamp through the power gear and transmission gear. The nozzle fixing clamp drives the nozzle to rotate, thereby achieving the disinfection of objects.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 1), the reaction of oxygen-active particles with water to generate •OH solution is based on the extreme high temperature and high pressure conditions provided by the bursting of a large number of microbubbles generated by water jet cavitation. The generated •OH solution is further mixed through a liquid / liquid mixer to produce a higher concentration (20~100 mg / L) of •OH solution.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 2), the flow rate of the •OH solution inside the nozzle is 300~400 mL / min, the total flow rate of the H2O2 solution is 150~300 mL / min, and the concentration is less than 0.5%.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 4), the three droplets spread downwards at a speed of 10-15 m / s under the action of inertial force and aerodynamic shear force, gradually colliding and mixing in space, and further breaking down into small droplets with a particle size of 200-300 μm, a droplet speed of 5-10 m / s, and a droplet spray angle of 65-110°. During the collision process, H2O2 reacts with ozone in the oxygen-active particle gas emitted by the •OH droplets, generating •OH again, further increasing the concentration of •OH droplets and the utilization rate of oxygen-active particle gas.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 5), the micro motor rotates at a speed of 0.5~1.5 rad / s; the nozzle is driven by the nozzle fixing clamp to rotate freely within the range of 0~180°, so as to achieve 100% disinfection of objects from all directions.

[0020] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are: ① The jet nozzle adopts an independent three-channel structure, forming two H2O2 liquid films distributed on both sides of the •OH liquid film at the nozzle outlet, absorbing the emitted oxygen active particles and further increasing the concentration of •OH droplets. ② The flow stabilizing cavity connected at the ends of the three channels of the jet nozzle adopts a conical-cylindrical combination structure, which combines the functions of accelerating water flow, reducing pressure loss, and suppressing turbulence, effectively reducing liquid splashing at the spray edge. ③ The jet nozzle adopts the three-channel counter-current atomization principle, forming droplet particles with a diameter of 200~300μm and a spray density of 21~36 μL / cm². 2 / s) evenly distributed. ④•OH has broad-spectrum lethal properties, can kill various viruses and pathogenic microorganisms, and can achieve all-round ~100% disinfection of viruses in space and on object surfaces within 10s. The disinfection process will not cause harm to the human body and the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 Flowchart for virus disinfection using •OH droplets based on jet nozzles Figure 2 The diagram shows the external structure of the jet nozzle. (a) is a three-dimensional view of the jet nozzle, and (b) is a structural diagram of the jet nozzle cap. Figure 3 The diagram shows the internal structure of the jet nozzle. (a) is a cross-sectional view of the jet nozzle AA, and (b) is a cross-sectional view of the jet nozzle BB. Figure 4 This refers to the collision process between •OH droplets and H2O2 droplets. Figure 5 Droplet size and spray density distribution at a spray cross-section 25cm from the nozzle outlet Figure 6 The process by which •OH droplets attack viruses Figure 7 Schematic diagram of nozzle rotation device In the diagram: 1-Oxygen plasma generator; 2-High-frequency high-voltage power supply; 3-Water supply pump; 4-Gas / liquid miscible hydraulic cavitation device; 5-Liquid / liquid miscible device; 6-OH solution booster pump; 7-First pressure sensor; 8-First flow meter; 9-First valve; 10-Second valve; 11-Third valve; 12-OH solution distribution pipeline; 13-H2O2 solution storage tank; 14-H2O2 solution booster pump; 15-Second flow meter; 16-Second pressure sensor; 17-Fourth valve; 18-H2O2 solution distribution pipeline; 19-Nozzle rotation device; 20-Jet nozzle; 21-OH droplets; 22-H2O2 droplets; 24-Nozzle flow channel shell; 25-OH solution inlet; 26-H2O2 solution inlet; 27-Nozzle cap; 28-Hemispherical guide chamber; 29-V-groove; 30- 31- H2O2 solution nozzle; 32- •OH solution nozzle; 33- •OH solution flow channel; 34- H2O2 solution flow channel; 35- H2O2 solution contraction section; 36- H2O2 solution steady flow section; 37- •OH solution first contraction section; 38- •OH solution first steady flow section; 39- •OH solution second contraction section; 40- H2O2 solution second steady flow section; 41- Nozzle fixing rod; 42- Micro motor; 43- Power gear; 44- Transmission gear; 45- Nozzle fixing clamp; 47- Oxygen active particle concentration detector; 48- •OH solution concentration detector; 49- Sampling point one; 50- Sampling point two; 51- Sampling point three. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following embodiments will further illustrate the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. See Figure 1 The nozzle for eliminating respiratory pathogens with active oxygen free radical droplets is equipped with an oxygen plasma generator 1, a high-frequency high-voltage power supply 2, a water supply pump 3, a gas / liquid mixed hydraulic cavitation device 4, a liquid / liquid mixed container 5, an OH solution booster pump 6, an H2O2 solution storage tank 13, an H2O2 solution booster pump 14, a nozzle rotation device 19, and a jet nozzle 20.

[0023] The oxygen plasma generator 1 has an external oxygen feedstock at its inlet. The high-frequency high-voltage power supply 2 is connected to the relevant circuit of the oxygen plasma generator 1. The output pipeline of the oxygen plasma generator 1 is connected to the gas inlet of the gas / liquid mixed hydraulic cavitation device 4. The water pump 3 has an external water feedstock at its outlet and a liquid inlet at its outlet. The oxygen active particle gas and water are fully mixed and reacted in the gas / liquid mixed hydraulic cavitation device 4. The •OH solution outlet of the gas / liquid mixed hydraulic cavitation device 4 is connected to the inlet of the liquid / liquid mixer 5. The outlet of the liquid / liquid mixer 5 is connected to the liquid inlet of the •OH solution booster pump 6. The liquid outlet of the •OH solution booster pump 6 distributes the •OH solution evenly to the jet nozzle 20 through the •OH solution distribution pipeline 12. The liquid outlet of the H2O2 solution storage tank 13 is connected to the liquid inlet of the H2O2 solution booster pump 14. The liquid outlet of the H2O2 solution booster pump 14 distributes the H2O2 solution evenly onto the jet nozzle 20 through the H2O2 solution distribution pipeline 18. The jet nozzle 20 is fixed on the nozzle rotation device 19. An oxygen active particle concentration detector 47 is provided between the oxygen plasma generator 1 and the gas / liquid miscible hydraulic cavitation device 4, and an OH solution concentration detector 48 is provided between the liquid / liquid miscible device 5 and the OH solution booster pump 6. The air inlet pipeline of the oxygen plasma generator 1 is provided with a first valve 10, and the water inlet pipeline of the water pump 3 is provided with a second valve 11. The OH solution booster pump 6 and the jet nozzle 20 are sequentially provided with a first pressure sensor 7, a first flow meter 8, and a third valve 9. The H2O2 solution booster pump 14 and the jet nozzle 20 are sequentially provided with a second flow meter 15, a second pressure sensor 16, and a third valve 17.

[0024] See Figure 1 , 7 The following are the specific steps for using a jet nozzle to spray and disinfect viruses: 1) The oxygen plasma generator 1 is activated. Oxygen is ionized and dissociated into oxygen-active particle gas through a high-frequency (≥8kHz) and high-voltage (≥7kV) excitation electric field applied through an extremely narrow discharge gap (0.1mm). The generated oxygen-active particle gas enters the gas / liquid miscible hydraulic cavitation device 4 through the gas output pipeline. Simultaneously, water pump 3 pumps water into the gas / liquid miscible hydraulic cavitation device 4. The two react under the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure extreme conditions generated by the high-pressure jet in the gas / liquid miscible hydraulic cavitation device 4 to produce •OH solution. The generated •OH solution is further mixed through the liquid / liquid miscible device 5 to produce a •OH solution with a concentration of 20~100 mg / L. The high-frequency high-voltage power supply 2 applies an excitation power of 100~400 W to the oxygen plasma generator 1, and the oxygen flow rate of the oxygen plasma generator 1 is 0.12 m³ / h. 3 The pressure is 140~150 kPa, and the flow rate of water pump 3 is 0.18 m³ / h. 3 / h, the pressure of liquid / liquid mixer 5 is 40~50 kPa.

[0025] 2) The •OH solution generated in step 1) is pressurized by the •OH solution booster pump 6 and then transported to the •OH solution inlet of the jet nozzle 20 through the •OH solution distribution pipeline 12. Simultaneously, the H2O2 solution is pressurized from the storage tank 13 by the H2O2 solution booster pump 14 and then transported to the H2O2 solution inlet of the jet nozzle 20 through the H2O2 solution distribution pipeline 18. The •OH solution flow rate is 300~400 mL / min, the H2O2 solution concentration is ~0.5%, and the total H2O2 solution flow rate is 150~300 mL / min.

[0026] 3) The OH solution enters the OH solution stabilizing chamber through the OH solution flow channel 32 inside the jet nozzle 20. The OH solution stabilizing chamber includes a first contraction section 36, a first stabilizing section 37, a second contraction section 38, and a second stabilizing section 39 connected in sequence. Under pressure, the solution is accelerated by the first contraction section 36 and enters the first stabilizing section 37. After being accelerated and stabilized twice by the second contraction section 38 and the second stabilizing section 39, a large number of OH droplets 21 are ejected from the linear OH solution nozzle 31. The H2O2 solution first enters the H2O2 solution distribution chamber 40 inside the jet nozzle 20, which evenly distributes the H2O2 solution into two H2O2 solution flow channels 33. Then it enters the H2O2 solution stabilizing cavity, which includes a contraction section 34 and a stabilizing section 35 connected in sequence. After being contracted and accelerated by the contraction section 34 and the stabilizing section 35 of the H2O2 solution stabilizing cavity, two micron-sized H2O2 droplets 22 are ejected from two slightly inclined narrow linear H2O2 solution nozzles 30.

[0027] 4) The two micron-sized H2O2 droplets 22 formed in step 3) are distributed on both sides of the •OH droplet 21. Under the action of inertial force and aerodynamic shear force, the three droplets spread downward together at a speed of 10~15 m / s, gradually colliding and mixing in space. Due to the mutual impact of the collisions, the mixed droplets are further broken into small droplets with a diameter of 200~300 μm, a droplet velocity of 5~10 m / s, a droplet spray angle of 65~110°, and a uniform spray density distribution. During the collision process, H2O2 reacts violently with ozone in the oxygen-active particle gas emitted by the •OH droplets, generating •OH again, further increasing the concentration of •OH droplets and the utilization rate of oxygen-active particle gas.

[0028] 5) The jet nozzle 20 is fixed on the nozzle rotating device 19. The nozzle rotating device 19 consists of a rotating base 42 with a built-in micro motor, a power gear 43, a transmission gear 44, and a nozzle fixing clamp 45. The rotating base is fixed at the center of the nozzle fixing rod 41. The built-in micro motor 42 has a rotation speed of 0.5~1.5 rad / s. The power gear 43 and the transmission gear 44 transmit power to the nozzle fixing clamp, which drives the nozzle to rotate freely in the range of 0~180°, so as to achieve 360° all-round disinfection of objects.

[0029] See Figures 2-3 The external and internal structural features of the jet nozzle are given.

[0030] The jet nozzle 20 is designed based on a fan-shaped nozzle, and its external structure consists of an OH solution inlet 25, an H2O2 solution inlet 26, a nozzle flow channel shell 24, and a nozzle cap 27. The OH solution enters the nozzle's internal OH solution flow channel 32 through the OH solution inlet 25 located at the top of the jet nozzle. The OH solution flow channel 32 runs through the middle of the nozzle, and its end is sequentially connected to the first OH solution contraction section 36, the first stabilization section 37, the second contraction section 38, and the second stabilization section 39. The H2O2 solution enters the nozzle through the H2O2 solution inlet 26. The H2O2 solution inlet 26 is connected to the H2O2 solution distribution chamber 40 inside the nozzle. The H2O2 solution distribution chamber 40 evenly distributes the solution into two H2O2 solution channels 33, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the •OH solution channel. The ends of the two H2O2 solution channels are connected to the H2O2 solution contraction section 34 and the flow stabilization section 35 in sequence. All three flow stabilizing chamber outlets are connected to a hemispherical guide chamber 28. A V-shaped groove 29 is opened at the bottom of the hemispherical guide chamber 28 to form a linear •OH solution nozzle 31 and two narrow linear H2O2 solution nozzles 30 distributed on both sides thereof. The reasonable range for the equivalent diameter of the •OH solution nozzle 31 is 0.6~1.0 mm, and the length-to-width ratio of the nozzle is 3:1~6:1. The reasonable range for the equivalent diameter of the H2O2 solution nozzle 30 is 0.4~0.6 mm, and the length-to-width ratio of the nozzle is 6:1~9:1. The reasonable range for the internal flow stabilizing chamber contraction ratio is 1.5:1~3:1. In this embodiment, the diameter of the •OH solution channel 32 is 4 mm, and the diameter of the H2O2 solution channel 33 is 8 mm. The reasonable range for the diameter ratio of the two solution channels is 2:1~6:1. The flow stabilizing chambers at the ends of both channels adopt a conical-cylindrical combined tapered structure, which takes into account the functions of accelerating water flow, stabilizing pressure, and suppressing turbulence.

[0031] The outlets of the three flow-stabilizing chambers are all connected to hemispherical guide chambers 28 with a diameter of 1.5~3 mm. The bottom of the hemispherical guide chambers 28 has a V-shaped groove 29 to form a linear •OH solution nozzle 30 and a narrow linear H2O2 solution nozzle 31. The •OH solution nozzle 30 has an equivalent diameter of 0.6~1.0 mm, and the H2O2 solution nozzle 31 has an equivalent diameter of 0.4~0.6 mm.

[0032] See Figures 4-5 The spatial distribution of •OH droplet size and spray density during the spatial collision process of two solutions is presented.

[0033] The •OH solution and H2O2 solution are high-pressure injected through the jet nozzle 20, forming three high-speed flowing fan-shaped liquid films at the nozzle outlet. Under the impetus of inertial force and aerodynamic shear force, the surface tension of the liquid films gradually becomes unstable, breaking into one •OH droplet and two H2O2 droplets. Two micron-sized H2O2 droplets 22 are distributed on both sides of the •OH droplet 21, absorbing the escaping oxygen reactive particles and gradually colliding and mixing with the •OH droplet at a certain angle. From the droplet breakage principle, the basic formula for liquid atomization, and the Weber number calculation formula, it can be seen that droplet breakage mainly depends on the initial amplitude of the liquid film and the surface wave growth rate. The surface wave growth rate (… ω ) and Weber number ( We The Weber number is directly proportional to air resistance ( ). ) and surface tension ( The ratio is 1 / 3. Therefore, due to the impact of the collision of the three droplets and the influence of aerodynamic resistance, the surface tension of the mixed droplets instantly becomes unstable and breaks into small droplets. The small droplets are sprayed with a uniform density distribution, which can achieve ~100% disinfection of the virus on the object surface.

[0034] Basic formula for liquid atomization: ξ = ξ0exp( ωt + ikx + iθ ) Where: ξ – surface wave amplitude, ξ0 – initial amplitude of the surface wave at the nozzle exit, ω – Surface wave growth rate, k - Surface wave number, n – Wave order of a cylindrical liquid surface θ – The phase difference of the waveforms on both sides of the liquid-gas-liquid interface.

[0035] Weber number calculation formula:

[0036] In the formula: We – Weiber number, – represents the gas density. – This is due to the difference in gas-liquid flow rates. – Liquid surface tension coefficient, D –Droplet diameter.

[0037] The •OH droplets have a particle size of 200~300μm, a droplet spray velocity of 5~10 m / s, and a droplet spray angle of 65~110°, which can form an elliptical spray surface with a width of up to 40 cm on the surface of an object 20 cm away from the nozzle outlet.

[0038] The high-concentration •OH droplets impact the surface of the object with a certain kinetic energy, breaking up the bacterial clusters. The droplets rapidly spread and, due to their low surface tension, form a •OH solution film on the object's surface, covering the virus and increasing the contact area between •OH and the virus. •OH diffuses through the liquid film to the virus surface, achieving the goal of completely killing the novel coronavirus and its variants. Its mechanism of action is as follows: ① Viral genetic material (RNA) damage: • OH groups can attack RNA bases (especially guanine and adenine) and the ribosome backbone; disrupting the integrity of the bases can lead to errors in the genetic code or hinder replication / transcription. Direct breaks in single-stranded or double-stranded RNA will completely destroy the integrity of the viral genome, preventing it from replicating.

[0039] ② Spike protein (S protein) damage: • OH oxidizes key amino acid residues of the spike protein (such as sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine / methionine, and aromatic amino acids tyrosine / tryptophan), causing conformational changes / breakage, resulting in irreversible cross-linking, aggregation or peptide chain breakage of the protein, destroying its precise three-dimensional structure, and making it unable to correctly recognize and bind to the host receptor.

[0040] ③ Disruption of the viral envelope (lipid bilayer): The novel coronavirus possesses a lipid envelope. • OH attacks the unsaturated fatty acid side chains in the envelope, triggering a lipid peroxidation chain reaction. This leads to increased membrane fluidity, altered permeability, and membrane rupture (lysis), ultimately causing leakage of the viral core contents and affecting membrane protein function. Other viral proteins embedded in the envelope may also be inactivated due to oxidation.

[0041]

[0042] Specific embodiments are given below.

[0043] Example 1: Using the method and apparatus described in this invention, targeting Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, sterilized carriers (10×10 mm glass carriers) were laid flat in sterile Petri dishes. 10 μL of bacterial suspension was added dropwise to each slice using a pipette tip, spreading evenly. The slices were then placed in a biosafety cabinet to air dry, thus preparing biological slides. These slides were used for experiments involving jet spraying to disinfect surface microorganisms in enclosed spaces.

[0044] The excitation power of the •OH solution generator is set to 100~400 W, and the oxygen flow rate is 0.12 m³ / s. 3 / h, pressure 140~150 kPa, pump flow rate 0.18 m 3 At a pressure of 40-50 kPa in the secondary gas-liquid mixer, the oxygen active particle generator is started to ionize and dissociate oxygen into oxygen active particle gas. Under the extreme conditions of the high-pressure water jet cavitation device, the oxygen active particle gas reacts with water through a free radical chain reaction to generate •OH solution. The generated •OH solution is pressurized by a booster pump and delivered to the •OH solution channel of the jet nozzle. At the same time, a H2O2 solution with a concentration of ~0.5% is pressurized by a booster pump and delivered to the H2O2 solution channel of the jet nozzle. The high-pressure jet generates uniformly distributed •OH droplets and H2O2 droplets. The two droplets converge and collide in space, capturing and absorbing the escaped oxygen active particle gas, causing the surface tension of the droplets to instantly destabilize and break into micron-sized droplets. The droplet size, spray density and velocity distribution are uniform (Table 1).

[0045]

[0046] The slides to be treated were placed on a plane 25 cm vertically from the spray nozzle. Representative disinfection sites were selected at 0 cm and 16 cm along the X-axis and 4 cm along the Y-axis of the spray surface. The disinfected slides were then quickly recovered and cultured in a constant temperature incubator for 48 h using solid culture medium. The number of microorganisms in the disinfected slides was counted using the plate count method, and the kill rate was calculated. The control group slides were sprayed with pure water, and all other experimental conditions were kept consistent, with viable cell culture and counting performed using the same procedure. The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

Claims

1. A nozzle for eliminating respiratory pathogens using reactive oxygen free radical droplets, comprising a nozzle rotating device, a nozzle flow channel shell (24), an •OH solution inlet (25); an H2O2 solution inlet (26), an H2O2 solution distribution chamber (40), an •OH solution flow channel (32), and two H2O2 solution flow channels (33), characterized in that, • The OH solution channel (32) is located in the middle of the nozzle. Two H2O2 solution channels (33) are symmetrically distributed around the OH solution channel. The H2O2 solution inlet (26) is connected to the two H2O2 solution channels through the H2O2 solution distribution chamber (40). Both channels are provided with a flow stabilizing cavity with a tapered-cylindrical combined tapered structure at the end. The end of the OH solution channel is connected to the linear OH solution nozzle (31). The ends of the two H2O2 solution channels are inclined towards the central axis of the nozzle and connected to the narrow linear H2O2 solution nozzle (30).

2. The nozzle for eliminating respiratory pathogens using reactive oxygen free radical droplets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter ratio of the •OH solution channel and the H2O2 solution channel is 2:1 to 6:1, the stabilizing cavity shrinkage ratio of the two channels is 1.5:1 to 3:1, and the tilt angle of the end of the H2O2 solution channel (33) towards the central axis of the nozzle is 5 to 30°.

3. The nozzle for eliminating respiratory pathogens using reactive oxygen free radical droplets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizing cavity at the end of the •OH solution flow channel (32) is connected in sequence to the first contraction section (36), the first stabilizing section (37), the second contraction section (38), and the second stabilizing section (39) of the •OH solution; the stabilizing cavity at the end of the H2O2 solution flow channel (33) is connected in sequence to the H2O2 solution contraction section (34) and the stabilizing section (35).

4. The nozzle for eliminating respiratory pathogens using reactive oxygen free radical droplets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equivalent diameter of the •OH solution nozzle is 0.6~1.0 mm, and the length-to-width ratio of the nozzle is 3:1~6:

1. The equivalent diameter of the H2O2 solution nozzle is 0.4~0.6 mm, and the length-to-width ratio of the nozzle is 6:1~9:

1.

5. The nozzle for eliminating respiratory pathogens using reactive oxygen free radical droplets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle rotation device (19) includes a rotating base (42) with a built-in micro motor, a power gear (43), a transmission gear (44) and a nozzle fixing clamp (45). The power output shaft of the micro motor is connected to the power gear (43). The power gear (43) is connected to the nozzle fixing clamp (45) through the transmission gear (44). The nozzle flow channel shell (24) is connected to the nozzle fixing clamp (45). The nozzle is rotated by the nozzle fixing clamp (45).

6. A disinfection method using a spray nozzle for disinfecting respiratory pathogens with reactive oxygen free radical droplets as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Start the oxygen plasma generator. Oxygen is ionized and dissociated into oxygen active particle gas through the high-frequency and high-voltage excitation electric field applied by the extremely narrow discharge gap. The generated oxygen active particle gas enters the gas / liquid miscible hydrodynamic cavitation device from the gas inlet, reacts with water to generate •OH solution, and is further misculated through the liquid / liquid miscible device to generate a higher concentration of •OH solution. 2) The •OH solution generated in step 1) is pressurized by the •OH solution booster pump and then transported to the •OH solution inlet of the jet nozzle through the •OH solution distribution pipeline; the H2O2 solution is pressurized by the H2O2 solution booster pump and then transported to the H2O2 solution inlet of the jet nozzle through the H2O2 solution distribution pipeline. 3) The •OH solution enters the •OH solution stabilization chamber through the •OH solution channel inside the jet nozzle. Under pressure, it is accelerated through the first contraction section of the stabilization chamber and then enters the first stabilization section. After being accelerated and stabilized twice through the second contraction section and the second stabilization section, the •OH droplets are ejected from the linear •OH solution nozzle. The H2O2 solution enters the H2O2 solution distribution chamber inside the jet nozzle, which distributes the H2O2 solution to two H2O2 solution channels. After entering the H2O2 solution stabilization chamber, it is accelerated through the contraction section and the stabilization section and then ejected from the two narrow linear H2O2 solution nozzles 30, resulting in two streams of micron-sized H2O2 droplets. 4) The two micron-sized H2O2 droplets formed in step 3) are distributed on both sides of the •OH droplet. The three droplets spread out and extend, colliding and mixing in space, and further breaking down; •OH is generated again during the collision process. 5) The micro motor transmits power to the nozzle fixing clamp through the power gear and transmission gear. The nozzle fixing clamp drives the nozzle to rotate, achieving all-round ~100% disinfection of objects.

7. The disinfection method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 1), the reaction of oxygen-active particles with water to produce •OH solution is based on the extreme high temperature and high pressure conditions provided by the bursting of a large number of microbubbles generated by water jet cavitation. The •OH solution is further mixed through a liquid / liquid mixer to produce a higher concentration (20~100 mg / L) of •OH solution.

8. The disinfection method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 2), the flow rate of the •OH solution inside the nozzle is 300~400 mL / min, the total flow rate of the H2O2 solution is 150~300 mL / min, and the concentration is less than 0.5%.

9. The disinfection method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 4), the three droplets spread downwards at a speed of 10-15 m / s under the action of inertial force and aerodynamic shear force, gradually colliding and mixing in space, and further breaking down into small droplets with a particle size of 200-300 μm. The droplet collision speed is 5-10 m / s, and the droplet spray angle is 65-110°. During the collision process, H2O2 reacts with ozone in the oxygen-active particle gas emitted by the •OH droplets, generating •OH again, further increasing the concentration of •OH droplets and the utilization rate of oxygen-active particle gas.

10. The disinfection method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 5), the micro motor rotates at a speed of 0.5~1.5 rad / s; the nozzle is driven by the nozzle fixing clamp to rotate freely within the range of 0~180°, so as to achieve all-round ~100% disinfection of objects.

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