Leveling material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a leveling material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of leveling materials. The leveling material comprises cement, modified ceramsite, clay minerals, floating beads, cellulose ether and anti-crack fibers, the modified ceramsite is hydrophobic modified ceramsite. The leveling material disclosed by the invention solves the problems that a traditional leveling material is easy to block a pipe due to insufficient pumpability during construction of an intelligent robot and is easy to sag after being applied to a wall, a mechanical arm can quickly move and rise without blocking a pump during wall leveling of the intelligent robot, sag is avoided after batch scraping, repeated repairing and scraping of the robot are not needed, and the construction efficiency is improved. The leveling construction requirement of the intelligent robot is met, the plastering construction efficiency is remarkably improved compared with manual operation, and the method is suitable for robot leveling construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of leveling materials technology, and in particular to a leveling material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction industry, intelligent equipment is developing rapidly in both manufacturing and construction applications. Intelligent construction is a future trend and has attracted much attention. Among these advancements, intelligent robot plastering is a new type of intelligent robotic arm pumping and plastering integrated construction method. This method boasts advantages such as high automation (automatic leveling, automatic positioning, automatic material feeding, and automatic plastering), uniform material feeding, high work efficiency, smooth surface finish, and stable quality. Intelligent robot plastering is six times more efficient than manual labor and reduces labor by 75%. Therefore, intelligent robot plastering is likely to become the mainstream construction method in the future.

[0003] However, current wall leveling materials are primarily designed for manual application, resulting in low compatibility with intelligent robotic plastering methods. Insufficient pumpability can clog pump pipes, hindering the delivery requirements of intelligent robots. While some existing products use air-entraining additives to reduce slurry density and improve workability, the rapid movement of the robotic arm can cause bubble breakage and pipe blockage. Other products use water-reducing and dispersing additives to improve slurry fluidity and facilitate pumping, but these tend to sag after application, affecting the thickness and surface finish. Therefore, current market products are ill-suited to the demands of intelligent robotic plastering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the aforementioned technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, one objective of the present invention is to provide a leveling material that, through formula adjustments, solves the problems of insufficient pumpability and easy pipe blockage in traditional leveling materials during intelligent robot construction, as well as the tendency to drip after application to walls.

[0005] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a leveling material.

[0006] A third aspect of the present invention is to provide a mortar.

[0007] A fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide an application of a leveling material or mortar.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A first aspect of the present invention provides a leveling material comprising cement, modified ceramsite, clay minerals, cenospheres, cellulose ethers, and crack-resistant fibers; wherein the modified ceramsite is hydrophobic modified ceramsite.

[0009] The leveling material of this invention contains modified ceramsite and clay minerals, which, in combination with other components, improve the anti-sagging properties of the leveling material slurry and reduce the pumping resistance of the slurry. This solves the problems of insufficient pumpability and easy pipe blockage of traditional leveling materials during intelligent robot construction, as well as easy sagging after application to walls. Furthermore, it can improve the strength of the material, reduce the shrinkage rate after drying, and improve the water retention performance of the material.

[0010] Preferably, the modified ceramic particles are ceramic particles modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

[0011] Specifically, the ceramsite modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is the hydrophobic modified ceramsite.

[0012] More preferably, the mass ratio of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:(0.6~6).

[0013] More preferably, the mass ratio of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:(1~3).

[0014] More preferably, the mass ratio of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:(1.5~2.5).

[0015] More preferably, the mass ratio of the ceramsite to the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide is 1:(0.1~0.3).

[0016] More preferably, the mass ratio of the ceramsite to the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide is 1:(0.15~0.25).

[0017] More preferably, the mass ratio of the ceramsite to the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:(0.2~0.6).

[0018] More preferably, the mass ratio of the ceramsite to the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:(0.3~0.5).

[0019] More preferably, the mass ratio of the ceramsite to the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:(0.35~0.45).

[0020] More preferably, the ceramsite includes at least one of fly ash ceramsite, shale ceramsite, and clay ceramsite.

[0021] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified ceramsite includes the following steps: The modified ceramsite was obtained by mixing ceramsite with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, allowing it to stand for reaction, and then separating the solid and liquid components.

[0022] More preferably, the settling time is 1 to 3 hours.

[0023] More preferably, the solid-liquid separation process further includes a drying step; the drying temperature is 70~90℃; and the drying time is 4~6h.

[0024] More preferably, the mixture of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is mixed with the ceramsite; in the mixture, the mass concentration of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide is 1-3% and the mass concentration of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 2-6%.

[0025] The leveling material of this invention incorporates specific modified ceramsite, which offers the following advantages: This invention utilizes hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to modify the ceramsite. The hydrophobic long chain of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide increases the surface charge and hydrophobicity of the ceramsite, achieving uniform dispersion while significantly reducing its water absorption rate. The silicon-oxygen bonds (Si-O) in 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane bond with cement hydration products (CSH), enhancing interfacial bonding and allowing for thorough adhesion between the ceramsite and cement paste. The modified ceramsite obtained through this modification has a density close to that of cement paste, enabling it to maintain stable uniform dispersion within the leveling material system, avoiding segregation and stratification. The prepared leveling material slurry has a moderate density, low pumping resistance, and a lighter self-weight compared to ordinary wall leveling materials after application, reducing the risk of sagging.

[0026] Preferably, the clay mineral is an organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral; the raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral include bentonite, lignin, and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride.

[0027] More preferably, the mass ratio of bentonite, lignin and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride is 1:(0.3~0.5):(0.5~0.7).

[0028] More preferably, the mass ratio of bentonite, lignin and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride is 1:(0.4~0.5):(0.6~0.7).

[0029] More preferably, the preparation method of the organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral includes the following steps: Bentonite, lignin, and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride were mixed and reacted in an alkaline solution, and then dried to obtain the organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral.

[0030] More preferably, the alkaline solution includes a sodium hydroxide solution; the mixing reaction is carried out under stirring conditions; and the temperature of the mixing reaction is 70~90°C.

[0031] More preferably, the drying process further includes a grinding or pulverizing step to obtain the organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral.

[0032] More preferably, the bentonite comprises sodium-based bentonite.

[0033] This invention uses organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals as rheology modifiers for leveling materials, resulting in better dispersibility and enabling the formation of a more stable slurry state, avoiding sedimentation and stratification. At the same time, it significantly improves the thixotropic properties of the slurry, giving it excellent pumpability and improved anti-sagging properties.

[0034] Specifically, this invention uses bentonite, lignin, and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride as raw materials to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals. Quaternary ammonium salt cations (N... + (CH3)3) Through ion exchange, it enters the interlayer of bentonite, expanding the interlayer spacing. Under alkaline high temperature, lignin dissociates (phenolic hydroxyl groups deprotonate), enhancing its interaction with clay lamellae. Simultaneously, the hydroxyl groups of lignin covalently graft with the ring-opening epoxy groups of glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride. The rheological regulation properties of the organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals obtained by this invention are significantly enhanced, at least endowing the leveling material slurry with high fluidity (shear thinning) during construction and anti-sagging properties (thixotropic recovery) during static placement. At the same time, the interlayer water storage of bentonite and the hydrophobic groups of lignin delay water evaporation, promoting full hydration of cement and reducing drying shrinkage. The covalent grafting of lignin hydroxyl groups with the ring-opening epoxy groups of glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride forms a flexible network, buffering the shrinkage stress of cement. Combined with crack-resistant fibers, it can significantly reduce the problem of later shrinkage cracking in the product.

[0035] Preferably, the particle size of the ceramsite is 20-140 mesh.

[0036] Preferably, the bulk density of the ceramsite is 600~800 kg / m³. 3 .

[0037] Preferably, the compressive strength of the ceramsite is ≥5MPa.

[0038] By optimizing the particle size, bulk density, and cylinder compressive strength of the unmodified ceramsite, the modification effect of the ceramsite can be improved, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the modified ceramsite. This helps to reduce the slurry extrusion and pumping resistance of the leveling material and improve the material strength.

[0039] Preferably, the particle size of the cenospheres is 100-200 mesh.

[0040] More preferably, the particle size of the cenospheres is 150-200 mesh.

[0041] Using cenospheres as filler, their vitrified spherical particle shape and ball effect can significantly reduce the flow resistance of the leveling material slurry, improve the fluidity of the slurry, reduce pumping resistance, and at the same time reduce wear on pumping pipelines and extend the service life of pump pipes.

[0042] Preferably, the bulk density of the cenospheres is 500~750 kg / m³. 3 .

[0043] Preferably, the float beads include hollow microspheres; the hollow microspheres are hollow microspheres extracted from fly ash that can float on water.

[0044] Preferably, the viscosity of the cellulose ether in a 2% (w / w) aqueous solution at 25°C is 44,000 to 46,000 mPa·s.

[0045] Preferably, the cellulose ether includes at least one of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ether, and hydroxyethyl cellulose ether.

[0046] Preferably, the crack-resistant fiber is a bundle of monofilament fibers.

[0047] Preferably, the length of the crack-resistant fiber is 3-6 mm; the diameter of a single fiber is 0.03-0.05 mm; and the density is 0.9-0.95 g / cm³. 3 .

[0048] Preferably, the crack-resistant fiber includes at least one of polypropylene fiber and nylon fiber.

[0049] Preferably, the leveling material comprises the following components by weight: 350-450 parts cement, 400-500 parts modified ceramsite, 10-30 parts clay minerals, 50-150 parts cenospheres, 1-3 parts cellulose ether, and 0.5-1 part crack-resistant fiber.

[0050] More preferably, the leveling material comprises the following components by weight: 350-430 parts cement, 400-500 parts modified ceramsite, 10-25 parts clay minerals, 50-150 parts cenospheres, 1-3 parts cellulose ether, and 0.5-1 part crack-resistant fiber.

[0051] More preferably, the leveling material comprises the following components by weight: 380-420 parts cement, 450-500 parts modified ceramsite, 15-25 parts clay minerals, 60-150 parts cenospheres, 1-3 parts cellulose ether, and 0.5-1 part crack-resistant fiber.

[0052] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the leveling material described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: The leveling material is obtained by mixing cement, modified ceramsite, clay minerals, cenospheres, cellulose ethers, and crack-resistant fibers.

[0053] Preferably, the preparation method includes the following steps: The cement, clay minerals, cellulose ethers and crack-resistant fibers are first mixed, and then modified ceramsite and cenospheres are added for a second mixing to obtain the leveling material.

[0054] More preferably, the rotation speed of the first mixing is 1800~2200 rpm; the mixing time is 2~4 min.

[0055] More preferably, the rotation speed of the second mixing is 800~1200 rpm; the mixing time is 1~3 min.

[0056] A third aspect of the present invention is to provide a mortar containing the leveling material described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0057] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an application of the leveling material described in the first aspect of the present invention or the mortar described in the third aspect of the present invention in the field of construction.

[0058] Preferably, the leveling material is used for wall leveling construction by intelligent robots.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention provides a leveling material that, through formula design, solves the problems of insufficient pumpability and easy pipe blockage of traditional wall leveling materials during intelligent robot construction, as well as the tendency of some materials to sag after being applied to walls by intelligent robots. Specifically, this invention uses modified ceramsite as aggregate, cenospheres as filler, clay minerals (especially organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals) as rheology modifiers, cement as cementing material, cellulose ether as water-retaining agent, and crack-resistant fibers as crack-resistant additives. Through synergistic formulation, pumpability and anti-sag properties are improved. The product allows the robotic arm to move and rise quickly without clogging the pump during intelligent robot wall leveling, and it does not sag after application, eliminating the need for repeated scraping by the robot. The surface effect after wall leveling is smooth and not prone to shrinkage and cracking, meeting the requirements of intelligent robot leveling construction. It is suitable for the construction field, especially for intelligent robot leveling construction. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, or apparatus used in the embodiments and comparative examples are all available from conventional commercial sources or can be obtained by existing technical methods. Unless otherwise specified, the test or experimental methods are conventional methods in the art.

[0061] The raw materials used in the following embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention are described below: Cement: PO 42.5 ordinary Portland cement as specified in GB 175-2023; commercially available.

[0062] Expanded clay aggregate 1: Fly ash expanded clay aggregate, with a particle size of 20~140 mesh and a bulk density of 700 kg / m³. 3 Compressive strength of cylinder: 5.2 MPa; commercially available. Modified ceramsite: Modification using ceramsite 1: Ceramsite 1 was added to a mixture containing 2% by mass of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 4% by mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (the solvent was deionized water, and the mass ratio of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was 1:2), stirred and mixed, allowed to stand for 2 hours, filtered, and dried at 80°C for 5 hours to obtain modified ceramsite; the mass ratio of ceramsite 1 to the mixture was 1:10, that is, the mass ratio of ceramsite 1 to hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was 1:0.2, and the mass ratio of ceramsite 1 to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was 1:0.4.

[0063] Ceramsite 2: Fly ash ceramsite, with a particle size of 8-20 mesh and a bulk density of 400 kg / m³. 3 Compressive strength of cylinder is 1.5 MPa; commercially available.

[0064] Cenospheres: Hollow microspheres extracted from fly ash that can float on water, with a particle size of 150-200 mesh and a bulk density of 600 kg / m³. 3 Regularly available in the market.

[0065] Clay minerals: Organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals, prepared by the following method: Sodium-based bentonite, lignin, and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (2,3-glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride) were stirred vigorously at 80°C for 4 hours in a 20 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, dried, and then ground to obtain an organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral; the mass ratio of sodium-based bentonite:lignin:glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride was 12:5:8.

[0066] Cellulose ether: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, with a viscosity of 45000 mPa·s in a 2% aqueous solution at 25°C; commercially available.

[0067] Crack-resistant fiber: Polypropylene fiber, in bundled monofilament form, 6mm in length, 0.04mm in diameter, and 0.91g / cm³. 3 Regularly available in the market.

[0068] The following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0069] Example 1 A leveling material, by weight, comprises 420 parts cement, 500 parts modified ceramsite, 60 parts cenospheres, 18 parts organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals, 1.5 parts cellulose ether and 0.5 parts crack-resistant fiber.

[0070] The preparation method of the leveling material in this embodiment is as follows: According to the formula, cement, organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals, cellulose ethers and crack-resistant fibers are added to a twin-shaft paddle high-efficiency mixer and mixed at high speed of 2000 rpm for 3 minutes until uniform. Then, according to the formula, modified ceramsite and cenospheres are added to the twin-shaft paddle high-efficiency mixer and mixed at medium speed of 1000 rpm for 2 minutes until uniform, to obtain the leveling material.

[0071] Example 2 A leveling material, by weight, comprises 400 parts cement, 460 parts modified ceramsite, 113 parts cenospheres, 24.5 parts organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals, 1.5 parts cellulose ether, and 1 part crack-resistant fiber.

[0072] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0073] Example 3 A leveling material, by weight, comprises 380 parts cement, 450 parts modified ceramsite, 145 parts cenospheres, 22.5 parts organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals, 2.0 parts cellulose ether and 0.5 parts crack-resistant fiber.

[0074] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 1 A leveling material, which differs from Example 1 in that the modified ceramsite is replaced with unmodified ceramsite 1, while the rest is the same as in Example 1; the preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 2 A leveling material, which differs from Example 1 in that the organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral is omitted, while the rest is the same as in Example 1; the preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0077] Comparative Example 3 A leveling material that uses commercially available cement-based thick-layer ordinary dry-mix plastering mortar as the leveling material.

[0078] Comparative Example 4 A leveling material, which differs from Example 1 in that the modified ceramsite is replaced with ceramsite 2, that is, the ceramsite 2 is modified in the same way and then replaced with the modified ceramsite in Example 1, and the rest is the same as Example 1; the preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0079] Comparative Example 5 A leveling material, which differs from Example 1 in that the organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral is replaced with commercially available sodium-based bentonite, while the rest is the same as in Example 1; the preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0080] Result detection The leveling materials of the above embodiments and comparative examples were respectively prepared into mortars, as follows: Take 20kg of leveling material, pour it into a mixing bucket, add water, and mix for 3 minutes using a two-handed mortar mixer. According to the consistency test method in JGJ / T 70-2009, if the consistency is within the range of 90~100mm, no more water is added to obtain mortar, which can be used for subsequent performance testing.

[0081] 1. Testing of the water retention, strength, and shrinkage rate of leveling mortar. The mortar of the leveling materials in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention was tested according to the relevant testing standards in GB / T 25181-2019 and JGJ / T70-2009. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0082] Table 1. Performance test results of leveling materials in the examples and comparative examples.

[0083] 2. Pumpability test of leveling mortar A cement mortar caulking gun was used to fill the test mortar, and a 15mm nozzle was used to seal the nozzle. The same force was applied to push the push rod to conduct an extrusion pumping simulation test. The time taken for all the mixture to be extruded is recorded in Table 2. The shorter the time for all the mortar to be extruded, the better the extrusion pumpability.

[0084] Table 2 Pumpability of Leveling Material Mortar in Examples and Comparative Cases

[0085] 3. Testing the anti-sagging performance of leveling mortar. Test method: Standard thicknesses of 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, and 20mm were determined on the concrete wall surface. The test mortar was applied in one go to achieve the four standard thicknesses, and the sagging was observed. The thickest standard thickness that did not sagging was recorded in Table 3. The thicker the standard thickness of the mortar applied in one go without sagging, the better the sagging resistance.

[0086] Table 3. Anti-sagging properties of leveling mortars in the examples and comparative cases.

[0087] As can be seen from Tables 1-3, the leveling materials provided in Examples 1-3 of the present invention have better water retention, 2-hour consistency loss rate, pressure bleeding rate, and extrusion pumpability compared to Comparative Example 1. Compared to Comparative Example 2, the leveling materials provided in Examples 1-3 have better anti-sagging properties. Compared to Comparative Example 3, the leveling materials provided in Examples 1-3 have better water retention, 2-hour consistency loss rate, pressure bleeding rate, 14-day tensile bond strength, extrusion pumpability, and anti-sagging properties. Compared to Comparative Example 4, the leveling materials provided in Examples 1-3 have better water retention, 2-hour consistency loss rate, pressure bleeding rate, 14-day tensile bond strength, compressive strength, and extrusion pumpability. Compared to Comparative Example 5, the leveling materials provided in Examples 1-3 have better water retention, 2-hour consistency loss rate, extrusion pumpability, and anti-sagging properties. It is evident that the leveling material provided by this invention has excellent water retention performance, low consistency loss rate, low pressure bleeding rate, can maintain stable slurry fluidity, high pumpability, good anti-sagging properties, and also has the advantages of excellent physical properties, achieving a performance state suitable for intelligent robot construction.

[0088] In summary, the leveling material of this invention uses modified ceramsite as aggregate, cenospheres as filler, organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay minerals as rheology modifiers, cement as cementing material, cellulose ether as water-retaining agent, and crack-resistant fiber as crack-resistant additive. Through synergistic formulation, the pumpability and anti-sagging properties are improved. The product enables intelligent robots to quickly move and raise their robotic arms without clogging the pump during wall leveling, and it does not sag after application, eliminating the need for repeated scraping by the robot. This meets the requirements of intelligent robot leveling construction, significantly improves plastering efficiency compared to manual work, and is suitable for robot leveling construction, thus possessing high social value.

[0089] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A leveling material, characterized in that, The leveling material includes cement, modified ceramsite, clay minerals, cenospheres, cellulose ethers, and crack-resistant fibers; the modified ceramsite is hydrophobic modified ceramsite.

2. The leveling material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified ceramic particles are those modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.

3. The leveling material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:(0.6~6).

4. The leveling material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the ceramsite to the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide is 1:(0.1~0.3); And / or, the mass ratio of the ceramsite to the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 1:(0.2~0.6).

5. The leveling material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clay mineral is an organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral; the raw materials for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid modified clay mineral include bentonite, lignin and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride.

6. The leveling material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The particle size of the ceramsite is 20~140 mesh; And / or, the bulk density of the ceramsite is 600~800 kg / m³. 3 ; And / or, the compressive strength of the ceramsite is ≥5MPa.

7. The leveling material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling material comprises the following components by weight: 350-450 parts cement, 400-500 parts modified ceramsite, 10-30 parts clay minerals, 50-150 parts cenospheres, 1-3 parts cellulose ether, and 0.5-1 part crack-resistant fiber.

8. A method for preparing the leveling material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The leveling material is obtained by mixing cement, modified ceramsite, clay minerals, cenospheres, cellulose ethers, and crack-resistant fibers.

9. A mortar, characterized in that, The mortar contains the leveling material as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. The application of a leveling material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the mortar according to claim 9 in the construction field.

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