Biomass hydrogasification device and method

Abstract

According to the biomass hydrogasification device and method, a closed jacket shell structure is adopted, and a jacket medium is used for heat preservation and heat insulation, so that the use temperature of a pressure-bearing shell is greatly reduced, and the temperature in a reaction furnace can be guaranteed; the hydrogasification structure has great advantages in the technical field of conversion of biomass raw materials into fuel gas in the energy and chemical industry, and biomass in the container can generate synthesis gas under high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions through the hydrogasification structure. The technical breakthrough has great practical significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biomass equipment technology, and particularly relates to a biomass hydrogenation gasification device and method. Background Technology

[0002] With technological advancements and environmental protection, and as society progresses, both cities and towns generate a large amount of biological waste daily. How to reuse this waste is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Currently, there are very few biomass hydrogenation gasification technologies on the market, and their market operation requires low investment, has high operating costs, and is difficult to promote on a large scale. Existing biomass gasification technologies produce syngas with low hydrocarbon content, resulting in low calorific value. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (1) Technical problem to be solved: In view of the problem that the content of hydrocarbon gas in the synthesis gas is low in traditional biomass gasification technology, the present invention provides a biomass hydrogenation gasification device and method to increase the content of hydrocarbon gas in the synthesis gas.

[0004] (2) The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A biomass hydrogenation gasification device includes an inner cylinder, a shell jacket, and a pressure-bearing shell, arranged sequentially from the inside out. The top of the inner cylinder and the top of the shell jacket are sealed together, and a channel gap is formed between the inner cylinder and the shell jacket, communicating with the lower end of the inner cylinder. The lower end of the shell jacket is open. The top and bottom of the shell jacket are fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing shell, and a heat insulation layer is provided between the shell jacket and the pressure-bearing shell. A drive device and a material inlet are located at the top of the pressure-bearing shell, and a stirring and distributing device is installed inside the upper section of the inner cylinder. The mixing and feeding device is connected to the drive unit. An inner conical shell is set at the top of the inner cylinder. The upper end of the inner conical shell is matched and fixed to the pressure shell. The lower end of the inner conical shell is matched and fixed to the upper end of the inner cylinder. The material inlet, the inner conical shell and the inner cylinder are connected. A conical transition section and a contraction section are set sequentially at the lower end of the inner cylinder. A heating reaction jacket is set on the inner cylinder. A slag discharge system is set at the bottom of the pressure shell. The inner cylinder is connected to the hydrogen inlet and the air inlet. The upper part of the shell jacket is connected to the cracked gas outlet.

[0005] A further technical solution involves forming a closed cavity structure between the shell jacket and the pressure-bearing shell, with the cavity structure filled with high-temperature insulation material.

[0006] A further technical solution is that the heating reaction jacket is an electric heating jacket, and the pressure-bearing shell is provided with an electrical connector for the cable of the electric heating jacket to pass through, and a water-cooling jacket is provided on the outer wall of the electrical connector.

[0007] A further technical solution is that the slag removal system is a grate.

[0008] A further technical solution is that the portion of the pressure-bearing shell above the upper end of the inner conical shell is a head, and the driving device and the material inlet are both located on the head. The head is connected to the pressure-bearing shell by a flange bolt assembly.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the seal between the top of the inner cylinder and the top of the shell jacket is achieved by welding an annular plate to the top of the inner cylinder, and a sealing gasket is provided between the annular plate and the top of the shell jacket and fixed with bolts.

[0010] A further technical solution involves installing a spiral guide plate on the outer wall of the inner cylinder, positioned above the heating reaction jacket.

[0011] A biomass hydrogenation gasification method for a biomass hydrogenation gasification device involves biomass pellets entering a gasifier, being agitated and distributed by a stirrer, and then moving downwards to the reaction zone where the heating reaction jacket is located. The biomass pellets in the reaction zone react with hydrogen and air introduced into the gasifier to generate syngas. The syngas is then led out through the cracked gas outlet at the top of the channel gap. The slag pellets after the reaction are discharged through a grate. The reaction zone temperature is 850°C ± 10°C, the reaction pressure is approximately 0.05 MPa, and the residence time of solid biomass in the reaction zone is 20-30 minutes.

[0012] A further technical solution is that the biomass pellet feed rate is 1.0 kg / h, the biomass pellet size is φ6 mm, the length is 1 cm, the hydrogen (H2) flow rate is 0.3 Nm³ / h, and the purity is ≥99.9%; the air flow rate is 0.6 Nm³ / h; and the molar ratio of hydrogen to biomass carbon (H2 / C) is approximately 1.1.

[0013] (3) Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This technology has significant advantages in the energy and chemical industries for converting biomass feedstocks into fuel gas. Through the aforementioned hydrogenation gasification structure, biomass inside the container can generate syngas under high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions. This technological breakthrough has significant practical implications for achieving the "dual carbon" goal.

[0014] 2. The closed jacket shell structure is adopted, and the jacket medium is used for heat insulation, which greatly reduces the operating temperature of the pressure shell and can ensure the temperature inside the reactor.

[0015] 3. The structure utilizes biomass raw materials to generate syngas, and the process technology is advanced.

[0016] 4. The jacket structure is adopted to reduce the impact of high-temperature media on the equipment shell.

[0017] 5. A jacketed exhaust structure was designed, resulting in a simple and compact equipment structure.

[0018] 6. The shell connection adopts flange connection, which facilitates the later maintenance of the internal structure of the equipment.

[0019] 7. A rotary grate dry slag discharge structure was designed, and air can be introduced from the bottom to improve the reaction efficiency of the material and allow the slag to be discharged smoothly.

[0020] 8. The present invention uses a hydrogenation gasification device to send biomass pellets into the reaction zone. Under the combined effect of appropriate pressure, temperature, and the timing and location of hydrogen introduction, the generated syngas produces more hydrocarbon gases than traditional technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention (multiple marks corresponding to the same pipe in the figure refer to the distribution in the circumferential direction at the same height); Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the upper middle section; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the central section; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the lower middle section; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the shell jacket, the pressure-bearing shell, and the inner cylinder; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the shell jacket and the inner cylinder of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of each nozzle from a top-down perspective of the present invention (multiple markings corresponding to the same nozzle in the figure refer to the distribution at different heights under the same circumferential angle); Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of each nozzle from a downward viewing angle (multiple markings corresponding to the same nozzle in the figure refer to the distribution along different heights at the same circumferential angle). Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the power supply wire (conductor) of the electric heating jacket of the present invention located inside the ceramic tube. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1-9As shown. A biomass hydrogenation gasification device includes an inner cylinder 1, a shell jacket 2, and a pressure-bearing shell 3, which are sequentially arranged from the inside out. The top of the inner cylinder 1 is sealed to the top of the shell jacket 2, and a channel gap 4 is formed between the inner cylinder 1 and the shell jacket 2, communicating with the lower end of the inner cylinder 1. The lower end of the shell jacket 2 is open, and the top and bottom of the shell jacket 2 are fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing shell 3. A heat insulation layer 5 is provided between the shell jacket 2 and the pressure-bearing shell 3. A driving device 6 and a material inlet 7 are provided on the top of the pressure-bearing shell 3. A stirring and distributing device 8 is provided inside the upper section of the inner cylinder 1. The feeder 8 is connected to the drive device 6. The inner conical shell 9 is set at the top of the inner cylinder 1. The upper end of the inner conical shell 9 matches the size of the pressure shell 3 and is fixed thereto. The lower end of the inner conical shell 9 matches the size of the upper end of the inner cylinder 1 and is fixed thereto. The material inlet 7, the inner conical shell 9 and the inner cylinder 1 are connected. The lower end of the inner cylinder 1 is provided with a conical transition section 10 and a contraction section 11 in sequence. The inner cylinder 1 is provided with a heating reaction jacket 12. The pressure shell 3 is provided with a slag discharge system 13 at the bottom. The inner cylinder 1 is connected to a hydrogen inlet 14 and an air inlet 15. The upper part of the shell jacket 2 is connected to a cracked gas outlet 16.

[0024] The hydrogen inlet 14, air inlet 15 (N3 in the figure), and pyrolysis gas outlet 16 are all pipe fittings. The pipe fitting of the pyrolysis gas outlet 16 penetrates the pressure-bearing shell 3. The pressure-bearing shell 3 is provided with mounting holes and short sleeves (the short sleeves are welded to the pressure-bearing shell 3) corresponding to the pipe fittings of the pyrolysis gas outlet 16. The short sleeves are connected to the corresponding pipe fittings by flanges and bolts. The pipe fittings of the hydrogen inlet 14 and air inlet 15 penetrate the shell jacket 2 and the pressure-bearing shell 3. The pressure-bearing shell 3 is provided with mounting holes and short sleeves corresponding to the pipe fittings of the hydrogen inlet 14 and air inlet 15. The hydrogen inlet 14 includes two inlets, N2 and N4. The N2 inlet is located in the biomass premixing zone to fully mix the biomass pellets and hydrogen. The N4 inlet is located in the lower section of the combustion chamber to provide a higher proportion of hydrogen for material combustion. The air inlet 15 introduces air to provide oxygen, resulting in more complete combustion. The cracked gas outlet 16 includes two outlets, N7 and N8. The pressure shell 3 is also equipped with a nitrogen inlet N9 (a pipe fitting), a radar level gauge inlet L (a pipe fitting connected to the radar level gauge), a safety valve interface S (a pipe fitting connected to the safety valve), a pressure gauge interface P (a pipe fitting connected to the pressure gauge), and three thermometer ports (T1, T2, and T3, which are pipe fittings connected to the thermometers). The pipe fittings corresponding to the nitrogen inlet, radar level gauge inlet, safety valve interface, pressure gauge interface, and three thermometer ports all penetrate the pressure shell 3 and the shell jacket 2, extending into the inner cylinder 1. The pressure shell 3 is provided with mounting holes and short sleeves (the short sleeves are welded to the pressure shell 3) corresponding to the pipe fittings of the nitrogen inlet, radar level gauge inlet, safety valve interface, pressure gauge interface, and three thermometer ports. The short sleeves are connected to the corresponding pipe fittings via flanges and bolts.

[0025] The inner cylinder 1 is made of high-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy NO6625. The pressure shell 3 (including the upper end cap 20 and a pair of DN350-6.3MPa high-neck flanges, and the bottom conical end cap using a flanged end cap (310s, half-cone angle 30º)) and the shell jacket 2 are made of 310s heat-resistant stainless steel. Other components are made of 304 stainless steel. The outer surface of the pressure shell 3 is insulated with aluminum silicate fiber (density 96kg / m3). The slag discharge system 13 includes the bottom conical end cap 23 of the pressure shell 3 and the rotary grate 19 located inside the conical end cap 23. The outer surface of the conical end cap 23 is welded with a cooling water jacket and cooled by cooling water. The rotary grate 19 is made of ZG270-500 cast steel, and the lower part of the conical end cap 23 is the ash and slag discharge port N6. The coolant directly cools the conical head 23 shell, reducing its temperature. Simultaneously, the slag discharge system 13 employs a rotary grate 19 dry slag discharge and gas distribution structure 11, with air allowed to be discharged through the N5 port. Both methods ensure sufficient biomass reaction and smooth slag discharge from the system. The rotary grate 19 is a traditional technology.

[0026] The drive unit 6 is an electric motor, which is connected to the mixing and feeding device 8 through the mixing shaft. The mixing shaft inside the furnace is rotatably connected to the top of the end cap by bearings and mechanical seals. The drive motors of the mixing shaft inside the furnace and the grate plate adopt frequency conversion speed regulation (5-10r / min, 0.75kW).

[0027] A closed cavity structure is formed between the shell jacket 2 and the pressure shell 3. The cavity structure is filled with high-temperature insulation material, which is aluminum silicate fiber felt board (density 192kg / m3) insulation.

[0028] The heating reaction jacket 12 is an electrically heated jacket. The pressure-bearing housing 3 is equipped with an electrical connector 17 for the cables of the electrically heated jacket to pass through. A water-cooled jacket 18 is installed on the outer wall of the electrical connector 17. The heating reaction jacket 12 can maintain the reactor temperature in a continuous and balanced state; and it does not directly contact the reaction medium, avoiding chemical corrosion, improving heating efficiency, and extending the service life of the electric heating system. The power supply wires (conductors) of the electrically heated jacket are located inside the ceramic tube (…). Figure 9 The power supply is connected to an external control power source via electrical connection port 17. A cavity heat box structure between the surface and the external environment effectively reduces heat transfer, improves energy utilization, and reduces energy consumption.

[0029] The portion of the pressure-bearing shell 3 above the inner cone shell 9 is a head 20. The drive device 6 and the material inlet 7 are both located on the head 20. The head 20 is connected to the pressure-bearing shell 3 by a flange bolt assembly.

[0030] The seal between the top of the inner cylinder 1 and the top of the outer shell jacket 2 is achieved by welding an annular plate 21 to the top of the inner cylinder 1. A sealing gasket is placed between the annular plate 21 and the top of the outer shell jacket 2 and secured with bolts. The use of a detachable bolted seal connection with an annular plate 21 ensures that gas does not leak into the upper space; it also facilitates the later inspection and maintenance of the reactor.

[0031] A spiral guide plate 22 is installed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder 1, above the heating reaction jacket 12. The function of the spiral guide plate 22 is to create a spiral upward or downward flow path for the high-temperature gas flow and material through its special spiral structure. This design can effectively extend the residence time of the material in the furnace, ensuring full reaction and gasification; at the same time, it promotes the full mixing of the gas-solid two-phase flow, improving reaction efficiency; it can also reduce gas flow short-circuiting and dead zones, improve the temperature field distribution, and improve the overall operational stability and gasification efficiency of the gasifier.

[0032] A biomass hydrogenation gasification method for a biomass hydrogenation gasification device involves biomass pellets entering a gasifier, being agitated and distributed by a stirrer and distributor 8, and then moving downwards to the reaction zone located in the heating reaction jacket 12. The biomass pellets in the reaction zone react with hydrogen and air introduced into the gasifier to generate syngas. The syngas is then exited through the cracked gas outlet 16 at the top of the channel gap 4. The slag pellets after the reaction are discharged through the grate 19. The reaction zone temperature is 850°C ± 10°C, the reaction pressure is approximately 0.05 MPa, and the residence time of solid biomass in the reaction zone is 20-30 minutes. The hydrocarbon content in the syngas can reach 20%–30%.

[0033] Biomass pellet feed rate: 1.0 kg / h, biomass pellet size: φ6 mm, length 1 cm, hydrogen (H2) flow rate: 0.3 Nm³ / h, purity: ≥ 99.9%; air flow rate: 0.6 Nm³ / h; molar ratio of hydrogen to biomass carbon (H2 / C): approximately 1.1.

[0034] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass hydrogenation gasification device, characterized in that, The system comprises an inner cylinder (1), a shell jacket (2), and a pressure shell (3) arranged sequentially from the inside out. The top of the inner cylinder (1) is sealed to the top of the shell jacket (2), and a channel gap (4) is formed between the inner cylinder (1) and the shell jacket (2). The channel gap (4) is connected to the lower end of the inner cylinder (1). The lower end of the shell jacket (2) is open. The top and bottom of the shell jacket (2) are fixedly connected to the pressure shell (3). A heat insulation layer (5) is provided between the shell jacket (2) and the pressure shell (3). A driving device (6) and a material inlet (7) are provided on the top of the pressure shell (3). A stirring and distributing device (8) is provided inside the upper section of the inner cylinder (1). The stirring and distributing device (8) is connected to the driving and distributing device. The device (6) is equipped with an inner conical shell (9) at the top of the inner cylinder (1). The upper end of the inner conical shell (9) is matched with the size of the pressure shell (3) and fixed thereto. The lower end of the inner conical shell (9) is matched with the size of the upper end of the inner cylinder (1) and fixed thereto. The material inlet (7), the inner conical shell (9) and the inner cylinder (1) are connected. The lower end of the inner cylinder (1) is provided with a conical transition section (10) and a contraction section (11) in sequence. The inner cylinder (1) is equipped with a heating reaction jacket (12). The pressure shell (3) is equipped with a slag discharge system (13) at the bottom. The inner cylinder (1) is connected to the hydrogen inlet (14) and the air inlet (15). The upper part of the shell jacket (2) is connected to the cracked gas outlet (16).

2. The biomass hydrogenation gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A closed cavity structure is formed between the shell jacket (2) and the pressure shell (3), and the cavity structure is filled with high-temperature heat insulation material.

3. The biomass hydrogenation gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating reaction jacket (12) is an electric heating jacket. The pressure shell (3) is provided with an electrical connector (17) through which the cable of the electric heating jacket passes. A water cooling jacket (18) is provided on the outer wall of the electrical connector (17).

4. The biomass hydrogenation gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag removal system (13) is a grate (19).

5. A biomass hydrogenation gasification device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pressure-bearing shell (3) has a head (20) located above the upper end of the inner cone shell (9). The driving device (6) and the material inlet (7) are both located on the head (20). The head (20) is connected to the pressure-bearing shell (3) by a flange bolt assembly.

6. A biomass hydrogenation gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing between the top of the inner cylinder (1) and the top of the shell jacket (2) is achieved by welding an annular plate (21) to the top of the inner cylinder (1), and a sealing gasket is provided between the annular plate (21) and the top of the shell jacket (2) and fixed with bolts.

7. A biomass hydrogenation gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A spiral guide plate (22) is provided on the outer wall of the inner cylinder (1) and above the heating reaction jacket (12).

8. A biomass hydrogenation gasification method for use in the biomass hydrogenation gasification apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that, Biomass pellets enter the gasifier, are agitated and distributed by a mixer and distributor, and then move down to the reaction zone where the heating reaction jacket is located. The biomass pellets in the reaction zone react with hydrogen and air introduced into the gasifier to generate syngas. The syngas is led out through the cracked gas outlet at the top of the channel gap. The slag pellets after the reaction are discharged through the grate. The temperature in the reaction zone during the reaction process is 850°C ± 10°C, the reaction pressure is about 0.05 MPa, and the residence time of solid biomass in the reaction zone is 20-30 minutes.

9. A biomass hydrogenation gasification method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The biomass pellet feed rate is 1.0 kg / h, the biomass pellet size is φ6 mm, the length is 1 cm, the hydrogen (H2) flow rate is 0.3 Nm³ / h, and the purity is ≥99.9%; the air flow rate is 0.6 Nm³ / h; the molar ratio of hydrogen to biomass carbon (H2 / C) is approximately 1.1.

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