Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback equipment and process method

Abstract

The invention provides ultrasonic vibration auxiliary pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback equipment and a process method, and relates to the technical field of laser cladding equipment. The equipment comprises an ultrasonic vibration auxiliary cladding platform, an infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system, a cladding and ultrasonic detection device, a terminal intelligent detection feedback system, a powder feeder and a laser generator. According to the invention, the ultrasonic vibration assistance and pulse-continuous composite laser cladding device is introduced, and real-time monitoring and intelligent feedback control are combined, so that dynamic temperature control and defect suppression in the cladding process are realized, and a high-quality cladding layer is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cladding equipment technology, and more particularly to an intelligent feedback device and process method for ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding is an emerging green and advanced manufacturing technology that integrates multiple disciplines such as lasers, CNC, computers, and materials metallurgy. It can effectively improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance of parts, achieving a metallurgical bond with the substrate and minimizing thermal deformation. Currently, cladding typically uses either a single continuous light source or a single pulsed light source. The former prioritizes stability and continuity but suffers from difficulty in controlling heat input, while the latter emphasizes intermittent precision but lacks efficiency and continuity. Therefore, a combination of continuous and pulsed light sources can be used. The continuous light source provides the base energy, while the pulsed light source supplements the peak energy, achieving a synergistic mechanism that integrates the advantages of both while mitigating their shortcomings. During the cladding process, excessively high temperatures increase the melting area of ​​the substrate, leading to increased dilution of the cladding layer and reduced performance; conversely, excessively low temperatures reduce the melting area, resulting in insufficient metallurgical bonding and easy detachment of the cladding layer. The presence of pores in the cladding layer also affects its performance. Furthermore, cladding temperature and dendrite size also influence the performance of the cladding layer. To avoid pore formation, ultrasonic vibration can be applied during the cladding process. Furthermore, ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser cladding can refine grains; the higher the vibration frequency, the more significant the grain refinement effect. The ultrasonic vibration device includes an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer (converting electrical energy into mechanical energy), and an amplitude transformer (amplifier of mechanical vibration). Normally, vibration is transmitted through contact between the amplitude transformer and the substrate side. However, this method results in highly uneven vibration distribution on the substrate, especially for larger substrates. Therefore, this invention proposes a novel structure that keeps the amplitude transformer always below the cladding head, ensuring stable vibration at the cladding site. While ultrasonic vibration can promote bubble overflow, excessively high frequencies can cause vibration ripples on the molten pool surface to hinder bubble rise, increasing porosity. Simultaneously, excessively high frequencies can lead to molten pool splashing, substrate deformation, and damage to the ultrasonic equipment. In summary, both excessively high and low temperatures, as well as excessively high and low vibration amplitudes, affect the performance of the cladding layer. Temperature can be controlled by pulse width (longer pulse width, higher temperature; shorter pulse width, lower temperature). Vibration amplitude can be controlled by frequency (higher frequency, larger vibration amplitude; lower frequency, smaller vibration amplitude). Different cladding systems have different optimal temperatures and vibration amplitudes, resulting in different pulse widths and vibration frequencies. Therefore, each cladding process requires multiple trials to obtain a relatively good set of parameters (pulse width and vibration frequency). This process not only wastes manpower, material resources, and financial resources, but also fails to yield optimal process parameters.

[0003] The patent document with publication number CN223150654U discloses a laser cladding platform, including a support platform, a moving plate, an adjustment component, a flipping component, a rear plate, and a laser cladding device. Although this invention can clamp and flip the workpiece for cladding using two clamping plates, in actual production, the cladding of the workpiece is uneven, and air bubbles appear inside the molten pool, resulting in low laser cladding efficiency, low yield, unqualified product quality, and affecting overall production efficiency.

[0004] The patent document with publication number CN222574789U discloses a laser cladding follow-up ultrasonic rolling device. Although this invention solves the problem of flexible movement processing of workpieces, it does not take into account the cladding temperature when cladding the workpiece. This may result in different cladding layers on the workpiece due to different cladding temperatures, thus affecting the performance of the workpiece after cladding. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an intelligent feedback device and process method for ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding. The invention primarily achieves dynamic temperature control and defect suppression during the cladding process by introducing ultrasonic vibration assistance and a pulse-continuous composite laser cladding device, combined with real-time monitoring and intelligent feedback control, thereby obtaining a high-performance cladding layer.

[0006] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows: An intelligent feedback device for ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding includes: a terminal intelligent detection and feedback system, a cladding and ultrasonic detection device electrically connected to the terminal intelligent detection and feedback system, an ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform, an infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system, a powder feeder, and a laser generator. The workpiece to be processed is fixed on the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform, which is fixed to the ground. The infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system is placed on one side of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform to monitor the temperature of the workpiece's molten pool in real time during the laser cladding process. After receiving the monitoring data from the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system, the terminal intelligent detection and feedback system controls the cladding temperature. The cladding and ultrasonic testing device is located on the other side of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform. It is used to clad the surface of the workpiece 205 and detect defects in the cladding layer. The cladding and ultrasonic testing device has two cladding heads, namely a continuous laser cladding head and a pulsed laser cladding head. The pulsed laser cladding head is placed behind the continuous laser cladding head. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform is provided with an ultrasonic vibration generating component. The end of the ultrasonic vibration generating component is provided with an ultrasonic generating device. The ultrasonic generating device is always located below the cladding head and the molten pool. The powder feeder is connected to the cladding and ultrasonic testing device and is placed behind the cladding and ultrasonic testing device to provide cladding powder for the cladding and ultrasonic testing device; the laser generator is placed on one side of the ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform.

[0007] Furthermore, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform also includes a multi-hole positioning cladding platform, a spring damper, an anti-vibration platform, a synchronous screw, an ultrasonic vibration table, and a clamp. The anti-vibration platform is fixed to the ground. The multi-hole positioning cladding platform and the anti-vibration platform are flexibly coupled through the spring damper. The spring damper is tightly connected to the anti-vibration platform. The workpiece to be processed is fixed on the multi-hole positioning cladding platform. The ultrasonic vibration table is installed below the anti-vibration platform. There are two synchronous screws. The lower synchronous screw is fastened to the anti-vibration platform, and the upper synchronous screw is slidably installed on the lower synchronous screw through a bottom connector. The clamp is connected to the upper synchronous screw. The ultrasonic vibration generating component is fixed to the clamp. The servo motor connected to the synchronous screw is used to realize the synchronous horizontal movement of the ultrasonic vibration generating component and the end of the robotic arm of the cladding and ultrasonic detection device, so that the ultrasonic generating device at the end of the ultrasonic vibration generating component is always below the molten pool.

[0008] Furthermore, the spring damper includes a baffle, a housing, a fastening shaft, a spring, and a compression plate. The housing is fixed on the vibration damping platform, the baffle is connected to the top of the housing, multiple fastening shafts are provided, connected to the baffle and inserted into the housing, the spring is sleeved on the fastening shaft and located inside the housing, and the compression plate is installed on the spring inside the housing.

[0009] Furthermore, the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system includes a lower frame and an infrared thermal imager connected to the frame. The frame is placed on the ground, and the infrared thermal imager is used to detect the temperature of the molten pool in real time during the laser cladding process and transmit the temperature to the terminal intelligent detection feedback system.

[0010] Furthermore, the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system also includes a rotating head and a fastening connector. The fastening connector is fixed to the top of the frame, the rotating head is mounted on the fastening connector, and the infrared thermal imager is fixedly connected to the rotating head.

[0011] Furthermore, the cladding and ultrasonic testing device also includes an ultrasonic detector, an angle control bolt, and a robotic arm. The continuous laser cladding head, the pulsed laser cladding head, and the ultrasonic detector are all connected to the end link of the robotic arm. The ultrasonic detector is placed behind the pulsed laser cladding head, and the spatial arrangement of the continuous laser cladding head, the pulsed laser cladding head, and the ultrasonic detector is parallel to the laser cladding processing direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the continuous laser cladding head is arranged at a vertical angle of 5° to 10° with the surface of the workpiece to be processed, the pulsed laser cladding head is arranged at a vertical angle of 40° to 50° with the surface of the workpiece to be processed, and the ultrasonic detector is arranged at a vertical angle of -40° to -50° with the surface of the workpiece to be processed. The end link of the robotic arm is connected to an angle control bolt. The continuous laser cladding head, the pulsed laser cladding head, and the ultrasonic detector are all connected to the angle control bolt, and the tilt angle is adjusted by the angle control bolt.

[0013] Furthermore, the terminal intelligent detection feedback system includes a signal acquisition module, a logic operation unit, and an execution control module, which is controlled by a programmable logic controller. The programmable logic controller receives the molten pool temperature from the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system and the defect signal of the cladding layer detected by the ultrasonic detector in real time through the signal acquisition module, converts them into digital signals for processing, and compares and analyzes the acquired real-time data based on a preset process parameter threshold range.

[0014] Furthermore, the workpiece to be processed includes planar and curved parts made of any material.

[0015] This invention also provides a process method for an ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Before laser cladding, grind, remove the surface oxide layer and clean the surface of the workpiece to be processed, and preheat for 2~4 hours at a preheating temperature of 300~350℃. Step 2: Place the processed workpiece on the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform and clamp it securely; Step 3: Turn on all devices; Step 4: The powder particle size for cladding is 50~150μm. The powder carrier gas and the protective gas are both high-purity argon. The powder is fed into the continuous laser cladding head and the pulsed laser cladding head at the end of the robotic arm. Step 5: During the cladding process, defects in the cladding layer are detected by an ultrasonic detector, and the temperature of the molten pool is detected by an infrared thermal imager. Step 6: The defect signal and temperature value are fed back to the terminal intelligent detection feedback system. The system compares and analyzes the collected real-time data. When the detected value exceeds the preset value, the system automatically triggers the adjustment command. The pulse width adjustment unit of the pulse laser generator and the frequency controller of the ultrasonic vibration device are controlled through the digital output interface to accurately control the cladding temperature and vibration frequency, thereby realizing intelligent feedback closed-loop adjustment of process parameters. Step 7: After cladding is completed, a high-performance cladding layer with low defect rate, uniform structure and good stress distribution is formed on the substrate surface.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device and process method provided by the present invention, by introducing ultrasonic vibration assistance and pulse-continuous composite laser cladding device, combined with real-time monitoring and intelligent feedback control, realizes dynamic temperature control and defect suppression of the cladding process, thereby obtaining a high-performance cladding layer with small grains, uniform structure, few defects and uniform stress distribution.

[0017] 2. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device and process method provided by the present invention features a terminal intelligent detection feedback system controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC receives the molten pool temperature from the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system and the cladding layer defect signal detected by the ultrasonic detector in real time through a signal acquisition module, converts them into digital signals for processing, and compares and analyzes the acquired real-time data based on a preset process parameter threshold range. When the detected value exceeds the preset value, an adjustment command is automatically triggered, controlling the pulse width adjustment unit of the pulse laser generator 7 and the frequency controller of the ultrasonic vibration device through a digital output interface, thereby precisely controlling the cladding temperature and vibration frequency and realizing intelligent feedback closed-loop adjustment of process parameters.

[0018] 3. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device and process method provided by the present invention are equipped with a continuous laser cladding head and a pulsed laser cladding head, which can combine a continuous light source and a pulsed light source. Through the synergistic mechanism of the continuous light source providing basic energy and the pulsed light source supplementing peak energy, the advantages of both are integrated and the shortcomings are avoided.

[0019] 4. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device and process method provided by the present invention, wherein the ultrasonic generator is always located below the cladding head and the molten pool, which can keep the vibration effect obtained at the cladding part stable.

[0020] 5. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device and process method provided by this invention achieves efficient workpiece positioning and stable support through an innovative combination of a multi-hole positioning cladding platform and a spring damper. The multi-hole positioning cladding platform facilitates the rapid clamping of planar and curved workpieces of different sizes. Combined with the flexible buffering effect of the spring damper, it can effectively absorb and isolate residual vibrations generated by ultrasonic vibrations, preventing vibration energy from being transmitted to the platform foundation. This ensures that ultrasonic vibration energy is efficiently concentrated in the cladding area, while also ensuring the stability and measurement accuracy of the entire processing system.

[0021] 6. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulsed-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device and process method provided by this invention, with its spatial layout and angle design of the continuous laser cladding head, pulsed laser cladding head, and ultrasonic detector in the cladding and ultrasonic testing device, constitutes a highly efficient collaborative detection and processing unit. The continuous laser cladding head performs stable pre-melting and basic energy input at a small angle, while the pulsed laser cladding head performs precise peak energy intervention at a large angle. This angle combination optimizes the energy distribution in the molten pool. The ultrasonic detector, placed at the rear, performs in-situ detection at a negative angle, enabling real-time detection of internal defects before the cladding layer has completely cooled. The three components are arranged sequentially along the processing direction, achieving simultaneous "cladding-modification-detection," greatly improving processing efficiency and real-time process control.

[0022] Based on the above reasons, this invention can be widely applied in fields such as laser cladding. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform of the present invention (view A). Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cladding and ultrasonic testing device of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Cladding and ultrasonic testing device; 101. Continuous laser cladding head; 102. Pulsed laser cladding head; 103. Ultrasonic detector; 104. Angle control bolt; 105. Robotic arm; 2. Ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform; 201. Multi-hole positioning cladding platform; 202. Spring damper; 203. Anti-vibration platform; 204. Synchronous lead screw; 205. Workpiece to be processed; 206. Ultrasonic vibration table; 207. Clamping device 208. Ultrasonic vibration generating component; 2021. Baffle; 2022. Housing; 2023. Fastening shaft; 2024. Spring; 2025. Compression plate; 3. Infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system; 301. Infrared thermal imager; 302. Rotating head; 303. Frame; 304. Fastening connector; 4. Terminal intelligent detection feedback system; 5. Powder feeder; 6. Electrical control cabinet; 7. Laser generator; 8. Water-cooled box; 9. Argon cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0029] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0031] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0032] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0033] To address the problems of defects, poor microstructure, poor residual stress distribution, and difficulty in accurately controlling process parameters in existing laser cladding processes, this invention provides an ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device. By introducing ultrasonic vibration assistance and a pulse-continuous composite laser cladding device, combined with real-time monitoring and intelligent feedback control, dynamic temperature control and defect suppression of the cladding process are achieved, thereby obtaining a high-quality cladding layer.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses an intelligent feedback device for ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding, comprising a cladding and ultrasonic detection device 1, an ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform 2, an infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system 3, a terminal intelligent detection feedback system 4, a powder feeder 5, an electrical control cabinet 6, a laser generator 7, a water-cooled box 8, and an argon tank 9. The workpiece 205 to be processed is bolted to the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform 2; the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform 2 is bolted to the ground; the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system 3 is placed on one side of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform 2, with its lower frame 303 placed on the ground and the upper part being an infrared thermal imager 301, which can detect temperatures in real time. The temperature of the workpiece molten pool is monitored during the laser cladding process; the cladding and ultrasonic testing device 1 is located on the other side of the ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform 2 and is fastened to the end of the robotic arm 105 by bolts. It is used to perform cladding on the surface of the workpiece 205 and detect defects in the cladding layer; the terminal intelligent detection feedback system 4 controls the cladding temperature after receiving the monitoring data from the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system 3; the powder feeder 5 is connected to the cladding and ultrasonic testing device 1 and is placed behind the robotic arm 105 to provide cladding powder to the cladding and ultrasonic testing device 1; the argon tank 9, water cooling box 8, laser generator 7, and electrical control cabinet 6 are placed sequentially on one side of the ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform 2. The terminal intelligent detection feedback system 4 is controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC, existing controller), mainly consisting of a signal acquisition module, a logic operation unit, and an execution control module (existing modules can be used). The PLC receives the molten pool temperature from the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system 3 and the cladding layer defect signal detected by the ultrasonic detector 103 in real time through the signal acquisition module, converts them into digital signals for processing, and compares and analyzes the acquired real-time data based on preset process parameter threshold ranges (such as molten pool temperature 1800~2000℃, defect rate ≤3%). When the detected value exceeds the preset value, the adjustment command is automatically triggered, and the pulse width adjustment unit of the pulse laser generator 7 and the frequency controller of the ultrasonic vibration device are controlled through the digital output interface to accurately control the cladding temperature and vibration frequency, realizing intelligent feedback closed-loop adjustment of process parameters.

[0035] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform 2 consists of an anti-vibration platform 203, a spring damper 202, a multi-hole positioning cladding platform 201, a synchronous screw 204, an ultrasonic vibration table 206, a clamping device 207, and an ultrasonic vibration generating component 208. The anti-vibration platform 203 is bolted to the ground. The multi-hole positioning cladding platform 201 is flexibly connected to the anti-vibration platform 203 via the spring damper 202, and the spring damper 202 is bolted to the anti-vibration platform 203. The workpiece 205 to be processed is bolted to the multi-hole positioning cladding platform 201. The ultrasonic vibration table 206 is installed below the anti-vibration platform 203. Two synchronous screws 204 are provided, with the lower synchronous screw 204 bolted to the anti-vibration platform 203. The upper synchronous screw 204 is slidably mounted on the lower synchronous screw 204 via the bottom connector. The ultrasonic vibration generating component 208 is fixedly connected to the upper synchronous screw 204 via the clamp 207 (the clamp 207 is connected to the synchronous screw 204, and the ultrasonic vibration generating component 208 is fixedly connected to the clamp 207). The lower synchronous screw 204 is connected to a servo motor, which drives the lower synchronous screw 204 to rotate, so that the clamp 207 moves with the ultrasonic vibration generating component 208. Thus, the servo motor controls the ultrasonic vibration generating component 208 and the end of the robotic arm 105 to move synchronously in the horizontal direction, so that the ultrasonic generating device at the end of the ultrasonic vibration generating component 208 is always below the molten pool.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, the spring damper 202 includes a baffle 2021, a housing 2022, a fastening shaft 2023, a spring 2024, and a compression plate 2025. The housing 2022 is fixed on the vibration damping platform 203. The baffle 2021 is connected to the top of the housing 2022. Multiple fastening shafts 2023 are provided, connected to the baffle 2021, and inserted into the housing 2022. The spring 2024 is sleeved on the fastening shaft 2023 and located inside the housing 2022. The compression plate 2025 is installed on the spring 2024 inside the housing 2022. The housing 2022 acts as a supporting frame, and the multiple fastening shafts 2023 are vertically fixed to the baffle 2021 and inserted into the housing 2022. These components ensure that the baffle 2021 can only move in a precise, unbiased linear motion in the vertical direction. The spring 2024 is fitted onto the fastening shaft 2023, and the compression plate 2025 is mounted on the spring 2024 within the housing 2022. When the compression plate 2025 is subjected to downward pressure (such as the weight of the platform or upward impact from the ultrasonic vibration table), the spring 2024 compresses and deforms, absorbing and storing this mechanical energy. Through the buffering effect of the spring damper 202, unnecessary diffusion and loss of vibration energy to the entire equipment foundation and the external environment are avoided, ensuring that ultrasonic energy can act efficiently and concentratedly on the molten pool, thereby maximizing its effect of refining grains and removing pores. It also isolates harmful vibrations, ensuring system stability and measurement accuracy.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system 3 mainly consists of a lower frame 303 and an infrared thermal imager 301 fastened to the frame 303. During the laser cladding process, it monitors the molten pool temperature in real time and transmits the temperature to the terminal intelligent detection feedback system 4. The infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system 3 also includes a rotating head 302 and a fastening connector 304. The fastening connector 304 is fixed to the top of the frame 303, the rotating head 302 is mounted on the fastening connector 304, and the infrared thermal imager 301 is fixedly connected to the rotating head 302.

[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, the cladding and ultrasonic testing device 1 consists of a continuous laser cladding head 101, a pulsed laser cladding head 102, an ultrasonic detector 103, an angle control bolt 104, and a robotic arm 105. The pulsed laser cladding head 102, the continuous laser cladding head 101, and the ultrasonic detector 103 are fastened to the end link of the robotic arm 105 by bolts. The continuous laser cladding head 101 is arranged at a 5°~10° angle to the surface of the workpiece 205 in the vertical direction. The pulsed laser cladding head 102 is placed behind the continuous laser cladding head 101 and arranged at a 40°~50° angle to the surface of the workpiece 205 in the vertical direction. The ultrasonic detector 103 is placed... The pulsed laser cladding head 102 is positioned at a vertical angle of -40° to -50° to the surface of the workpiece 205. The front and rear positions of the pulsed laser cladding head 102, the continuous laser cladding head 101, and the ultrasonic detector 103 are parallel to the laser cladding processing direction. An angle control bolt 104 is connected to the end link of the robotic arm 105. The continuous laser cladding head 101, the pulsed laser cladding head 102, and the ultrasonic detector 103 are all connected to the angle control bolt 104. The tilt angle of the pulsed laser cladding head 102, the continuous laser cladding head 101, and the ultrasonic detector 103 can be adjusted by the angle control bolt 104.

[0039] The workpiece 205 to be processed includes planar and curved parts made of any material.

[0040] This invention also provides a process method for an ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device, comprising the following steps: (1) Before laser cladding, the substrate surface is polished, the surface oxide layer is removed and cleaned, and preheated for 2~4 hours at a preheating temperature of 300~350℃; (2) Place the processed workpiece 205 on the ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform 2 and clamp it securely; (3) Turn on all devices; (4) The particle size of the cladding powder is 50~150μm. The powder carrier gas and the protective gas are both high-purity argon. The powder is fed into the two cladding heads (continuous laser cladding head 101 and pulsed laser cladding head 102) at the end of the robotic arm 105. (5) During the cladding process, defects in the cladding layer are detected by ultrasonic detector 103 and the temperature of the molten pool is detected by infrared thermal imager 301; (6) The defect signal and temperature value are fed back to the terminal intelligent detection feedback system 4. The system compares and analyzes the collected real-time data. When the detection value exceeds the preset value, the adjustment command is automatically triggered to control the pulse width adjustment unit of the pulse laser generator 7 and the frequency controller of the ultrasonic vibration device respectively, so as to accurately control the cladding temperature and vibration frequency and realize the intelligent feedback closed-loop adjustment of process parameters. (7) After the cladding is completed, a high-performance cladding layer with low defect rate, uniform structure and good stress distribution is formed on the substrate surface.

[0041] Matters not covered in this invention are common knowledge.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent feedback device for ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding, characterized in that, include: The terminal intelligent detection feedback system (4) and the cladding and ultrasonic detection device (1), ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform (2), infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system (3), powder feeder (5) and laser generator (7) electrically connected to the terminal intelligent detection feedback system (4) are included. The workpiece (205) to be processed is fixed on the ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform (2), which is fixed on the ground. The infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system (3) is placed on one side of the ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform (2) to monitor the temperature of the workpiece molten pool in real time during the laser cladding process. After receiving the monitoring data from the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system (3), the terminal intelligent detection feedback system (4) controls the cladding temperature. The cladding and ultrasonic testing device (1) is located on the other side of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform (2) and is used to clad the surface of the workpiece 205 and detect defects in the cladding layer. The cladding and ultrasonic testing device (1) has two cladding heads, namely a continuous laser cladding head (101) and a pulsed laser cladding head (102). The pulsed laser cladding head (102) is located behind the continuous laser cladding head (101). The ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform (2) is provided with an ultrasonic vibration generating component (208). The end of the ultrasonic vibration generating component (208) is provided with an ultrasonic generating device. The ultrasonic generating device is always located below the cladding head and the molten pool. The powder feeder (5) is connected to the cladding and ultrasonic testing device (1) and placed behind the cladding and ultrasonic testing device (1) to provide cladding powder for the cladding and ultrasonic testing device (1); the laser generator (7) is placed on one side of the ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform (2).

2. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic vibration-assisted cladding platform (2) further includes a multi-hole positioning cladding platform (201), a spring damper (202), an anti-vibration platform (203), a synchronous screw (204), an ultrasonic vibration table (206), and a clamp (207). The anti-vibration platform (203) is fixed on the ground. The multi-hole positioning cladding platform (201) and the anti-vibration platform (203) are flexibly connected by the spring damper (202). The spring damper (202) is tightly connected to the anti-vibration platform (203). The workpiece (205) to be processed is fixed on the multi-hole positioning cladding platform (201). The ultrasonic vibration table (206) is installed below the anti-vibration platform (203). Two lead screws (204) are provided. The lower synchronous lead screw (204) is fastened to the anti-vibration platform (203), and the upper synchronous lead screw (204) is slidably installed on the lower synchronous lead screw (204) through the bottom connector. The clamp (207) is connected to the upper synchronous lead screw (204). The ultrasonic vibration generating component (208) is fixed to the clamp (207). The servo motor connected to the synchronous lead screw (204) is used to realize the synchronous horizontal movement of the ultrasonic vibration generating component (208) and the end of the robotic arm (105) of the cladding and ultrasonic testing device (1), so that the ultrasonic generating device at the end of the ultrasonic vibration generating component (208) is always below the molten pool.

3. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spring damper (202) includes a baffle (2021), a housing (2022), a fastening shaft (2023), a spring (2024), and a compression plate (2025). The housing (2022) is fixed on the vibration damping platform (203). The baffle (2021) is connected to the top of the housing (2022). Multiple fastening shafts (2023) are provided, connected to the baffle (2021), and inserted into the housing (2022). The spring (2024) is sleeved on the fastening shaft (2023) and located inside the housing (2022). The compression plate (2025) is installed on the spring (2024) inside the housing (2022).

4. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system (3) includes a lower frame (303) and an infrared thermal imager (301) connected to the frame (303). The frame (303) is placed on the ground. The infrared thermal imager (301) is used to detect the temperature of the molten pool in real time during the laser cladding process and transmit the temperature to the terminal intelligent detection feedback system (4).

5. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system (3) also includes a rotating head (302) and a fastening connector (304). The fastening connector (304) is fixed on the top of the frame (303), the rotating head (302) is mounted on the fastening connector (304), and the infrared thermal imager (301) is fixedly connected to the rotating head (302).

6. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cladding and ultrasonic testing device (1) also includes an ultrasonic detector (103), an angle control bolt (104), and a robotic arm (105). The continuous laser cladding head (101), the pulsed laser cladding head (102), and the ultrasonic detector (103) are all connected to the end link of the robotic arm (105). The ultrasonic detector (103) is placed behind the pulsed laser cladding head (102). The front and rear positions of the continuous laser cladding head (101), the pulsed laser cladding head (102), and the ultrasonic detector (103) are parallel to the laser cladding processing direction.

7. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The continuous laser cladding head (101) is arranged at a vertical angle of 5° to 10° with the surface of the workpiece (205), the pulsed laser cladding head (102) is arranged at a vertical angle of 40° to 50° with the surface of the workpiece (205), and the ultrasonic detector (103) is arranged at a vertical angle of -40° to -50° with the surface of the workpiece (205). The end link of the robotic arm (105) is connected to an angle control bolt (104). The continuous laser cladding head (101), the pulsed laser cladding head (102) and the ultrasonic detector (103) are all connected to the angle control bolt (104), and the tilt angle is adjusted by the angle control bolt (104).

8. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The terminal intelligent detection feedback system (4) includes a signal acquisition module, a logic operation unit, and an execution control module, which is controlled by a programmable logic controller. The programmable logic controller receives the molten pool temperature from the infrared thermal imaging temperature detection system (3) and the cladding layer defect signal detected by the ultrasonic detector (103) in real time through the signal acquisition module, converts them into digital signals for processing, and compares and analyzes the acquired real-time data based on the preset process parameter threshold range.

9. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece to be processed (205) includes planar and curved parts made of any material.

10. A process method for an ultrasonic vibration-assisted pulse-continuous composite laser cladding intelligent feedback device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Before laser cladding, grind, remove the surface oxide layer and clean the surface of the workpiece (205) to be processed, and preheat for 2~4 hours at a preheating temperature of 300~350℃. Step 2: Place the processed workpiece (205) on the ultrasonic vibration assisted cladding platform (2) and clamp it securely; Step 3: Turn on all devices; Step 4: The particle size of the cladding powder is 50~150μm. The powder carrier gas and the protective gas are both high-purity argon. The powder is fed into the continuous laser cladding head (101) and the pulsed laser cladding head (102) at the end of the robotic arm (105). Step 5: During the cladding process, defects in the cladding layer are detected by an ultrasonic detector (103), and the temperature of the molten pool is detected by an infrared thermal imager (301). Step 6: The defect signal and temperature value are fed back to the terminal intelligent detection feedback system (4). The system compares and analyzes the collected real-time data. When the detection value exceeds the preset value, the adjustment command is automatically triggered. The pulse width adjustment unit of the pulse laser generator (7) and the frequency controller of the ultrasonic vibration device are controlled through the digital output interface to accurately control the cladding temperature and vibration frequency, and realize the intelligent feedback closed-loop adjustment of process parameters. Step 7: After the cladding is completed, a high-performance cladding layer with low defect rate, uniform structure and good stress distribution is formed on the substrate surface.

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