Hierarchical phase change heat storage device based on intelligent temperature control system and automatic temperature control method

Abstract

The invention provides a graded phase change heat storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system and an automatic temperature control method, and relates to the technical field of energy storage and intelligent temperature control equipment, the graded phase change heat storage device comprises a heat storage body, a temperature acquisition unit, the intelligent temperature control system, a heating module and a heat dissipation module, the temperature acquisition unit is used for acquiring the real-time temperature of the heat storage cavity and the real-time temperature of the indoor environment; the temperature acquisition unit converts a temperature signal into an electric signal, the intelligent temperature control system processes the electric signal, and the operation states of the heating module and the heat dissipation module are dynamically adjusted; the heating module is used for heating the heat storage cavity; and the heat dissipation template is used for releasing the heat stored in the heat storage cavity into a room as required. Dynamic adjustment of the intelligent temperature control system is combined, indoor constant-temperature regulation and control are jointly achieved, the energy cost is remarkably reduced, and the heat storage stability and the temperature control precision are fundamentally improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of energy storage and intelligent temperature control equipment, and in particular to a graded phase change thermal energy storage device and an automatic temperature control method based on an intelligent temperature control system. Background Technology

[0002] Internal temperature control is a core aspect of energy consumption in residential buildings, especially in winter heating and summer localized cooling scenarios, where energy consumption accounts for a significant proportion. Traditional temperature control methods often rely on real-time electric heating or air conditioning equipment, which operates directly during peak electricity consumption periods. This not only leads to high energy utilization costs but also exacerbates the peak-valley load difference in the power grid, resulting in energy waste and pressure on the power grid.

[0003] While existing phase change thermal energy storage devices utilize phase change materials for heat storage, they suffer from low storage efficiency and insufficient temperature control accuracy. Some devices rely on manual start-up and shutdown of heating, failing to dynamically adjust the heat release rate based on indoor temperature. Furthermore, current technologies do not fully utilize peak-valley electricity pricing policies, resulting in high operating costs and making it difficult to meet the energy-saving and economical needs of residential applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a graded phase change thermal storage device and an automatic temperature control method based on an intelligent temperature control system. Through the synergistic operation and thermal management of high-temperature and low-temperature phase change materials, heat is stored during off-peak electricity hours and released during peak electricity hours. The high-temperature phase change material serves as the main heat source, while the low-temperature phase change material is used to smooth temperature fluctuations and efficiently utilize waste heat. Combined with the dynamic adjustment of the intelligent temperature control system, indoor constant temperature regulation is achieved, significantly reducing energy costs and fundamentally improving thermal storage stability and temperature control accuracy.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0006] A graded phase change thermal storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system includes a thermal storage body, a temperature acquisition unit, an intelligent temperature control system, a heating module, and a heat dissipation module. The thermal storage body includes an outer shell and an inner shell. The outer shell is located indoors, and the inner shell is located inside the outer shell. An insulation layer is provided between the inner shell and the outer shell. A thermal storage cavity is provided inside the inner shell. The thermal storage cavity includes a main thermal storage cavity and a secondary thermal storage cavity. A partition is provided between the main thermal storage cavity and the secondary thermal storage cavity. A heat-conducting pipe is provided inside the partition to connect the main thermal storage cavity and the secondary thermal storage cavity. The temperature acquisition unit is used to acquire the real-time temperature of the thermal storage cavity and the real-time temperature of the indoor environment. The temperature acquisition unit converts the temperature signal into an electrical signal. The intelligent temperature control system processes the electrical signal and dynamically adjusts the operating status of the heating module and the heat dissipation module. The heating module is used to heat the main thermal storage cavity. The heat dissipation module is used to release the heat stored in the thermal storage cavity into the indoor environment as needed.

[0007] In the above scheme, the main heat storage cavity is filled with high-temperature phase change material, and the secondary heat storage cavity is filled with low-temperature phase change material.

[0008] In the above scheme, the high-temperature phase change material is sodium acetate trihydrate, and the low-temperature phase change material is polyethylene glycol 800.

[0009] In the above scheme, the heating module is a semiconductor heating film, which is disposed on the outer wall of the main heat storage cavity. The semiconductor heating film includes an overheat protection device, a positive electrode of the semiconductor heating film, and a negative electrode of the semiconductor heating film. The overheat protection device is used to prevent the main heat storage cavity from exceeding a certain temperature threshold. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the semiconductor heating film are respectively connected to the intelligent temperature control system.

[0010] In the above scheme, the partition includes a first cavity partition and a second cavity partition, and several heat-conducting pipes are arranged laterally between the first cavity partition and the second cavity partition.

[0011] In the above scheme, the temperature acquisition unit includes a phase change material temperature sensor and an indoor temperature sensor; there are several phase change material temperature sensors, which are respectively set in the center of the main heat storage cavity and the secondary heat storage cavity, and are used to detect the real-time temperature of the phase change material in the main heat storage cavity and the secondary heat storage cavity; the indoor temperature sensor is installed indoors and is used to detect the indoor ambient temperature.

[0012] In the above scheme, the heat dissipation template includes a U-shaped heat dissipation pipe and a speed-regulating fan; two speed-regulating fans are arranged on one side of the outer shell, with the air outlet direction facing the U-shaped heat dissipation pipe, and the two speed-regulating fans correspond to the U-shaped heat dissipation pipes at the locations of the main heat storage cavity and the secondary heat storage cavity, respectively.

[0013] In the above scheme, the intelligent temperature control system receives signals from the temperature acquisition unit and the human-machine interface. The intelligent temperature control system includes a data preprocessing unit, a PID controller, and a machine learning parameter optimization unit. The data preprocessing unit is connected to the temperature acquisition unit and performs filtering and normalization processing on the real-time data from the phase change material temperature sensor and the indoor temperature sensor to extract core features: the deviation e1 between the indoor temperature and the target temperature, and the deviation e1 between the heat storage temperature and the phase change temperature. 21 e 22 The PID controller is electrically connected to the peak / valley time setting and the target temperature setting, and is configured to calculate the heating power adjustment value and the cooling fan speed adjustment value based on the deviation between the heat storage temperature, the indoor temperature, and the target temperature; the machine learning parameter optimization unit is electrically connected to the PID controller and the temperature acquisition unit, and is configured to dynamically optimize the PID parameter K through reinforcement learning. p K i K dThe execution unit is electrically connected to the PID controller to control the start and stop of the heating module and the start and stop of the speed-regulating fan in the heat dissipation module and its speed.

[0014] In the above scheme, discrete support columns are also provided between the inner shell and the outer shell.

[0015] An automatic temperature control method for a staged phase change thermal energy storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0016] S01: Users set the target indoor temperature range and local peak and off-peak electricity periods through the human-machine interface. After the device is started, the phase change material temperature sensor and the indoor temperature sensor begin to collect temperature data in real time. After preprocessing, the data is transmitted to the intelligent temperature control system.

[0017] S02: The intelligent temperature control system determines whether the current time period is an off-peak electricity period: if it is an off-peak electricity period, execute S02.1-S02.2 and start heating control; if it is not an off-peak electricity period, the heating module remains off;

[0018] S02.1: Machine Learning Module Initialization: Load historical best PID parameters, initial value set to K. p =5.0, K i =0.2、K d =1.0, receive real-time deviation e1, e 21 e 22 and environmental variables;

[0019] S02.2: Real-time parameter optimization: The machine learning module outputs the optimal PID parameter K based on the current state. p _opt, K i _opt, K d _opt is transmitted to the PID controller; the PID controller controls the heating module to start based on the deviation between the heat storage temperature and the phase change temperature and the optimized parameters. When the temperature of the high-temperature phase change material reaches 60-62℃, the heating module stops heating and the heat storage is completed.

[0020] S03: During peak or off-peak power periods, the intelligent temperature control system, based on real-time data from the indoor temperature sensor and the optimized PID parameters from S02.1-S02.2, will activate the PID controller based on K when the indoor temperature falls below the target lower limit. p _opt, K i _opt, K d _opt calculates the speed regulation curve of the variable speed fan and releases the heat in the heat storage chamber through the heat dissipation module; when the indoor temperature reaches the target temperature limit, the variable speed fan that controls the heat dissipation of the high temperature phase change material stops, and the indoor temperature is maintained by adjusting the speed of the variable speed fan that controls the heat dissipation of the low temperature phase change material.

[0021] S04: Repeat S02-S03, monitor the heat storage temperature and indoor temperature in real time, and dynamically adjust the operating status of the heating module and the heat dissipation module; at 24:00 every day, the system automatically stores the temperature data, adjustment parameters and effects of the day into the historical database, and the machine learning module updates the model parameters offline to provide optimization basis for the control the next day, ensuring that the indoor temperature is maintained within the target range, and at the same time prioritizing the completion of heat storage during off-peak electricity hours to achieve energy-saving operation.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Significant energy saving and economic benefits: By utilizing the price difference between peak and off-peak electricity, the heat storage material is heated and stored during off-peak hours, and heating is stopped and the stored heat is released during peak hours, which greatly reduces the energy cost of indoor temperature control and saves 30-50% more energy than traditional electric heating methods.

[0024] 2. High Temperature Control Accuracy: By setting up a main heat storage cavity and a secondary heat storage cavity, with a high-temperature phase change material in the main cavity and a low-temperature phase change material in the secondary cavity, the synergistic effect of the high-temperature and low-temperature phase change materials solves the problem of insufficient control accuracy of a single material in the later stages of heat dissipation. The high-temperature material provides rapid and powerful heat support, while the low-temperature material provides a gentle and gradual supplementary heat source when the room temperature is close to the target temperature. Its phase change temperature is close to the target room temperature, resulting in moderate heat dissipation driving force and easy precise control.

[0025] 3. Improved energy utilization: The staged thermal storage structure significantly expands the effective heat release temperature range, and the low-temperature waste heat of the high-temperature phase change material is reused through the low-temperature phase change material, thus improving the overall energy utilization rate.

[0026] 4. High level of intelligence: It supports customized peak and off-peak hours, target temperature adjustment and operation status visualization, without manual intervention, realizing fully automated operation, and adapting to the electricity price policies and user needs of different regions.

[0027] 5. Safe and reliable: Equipped with overheat protection, leakage protection and stirring components to avoid overheating of heat storage materials, leakage of the device and local overheating, ensuring high operational safety.

[0028] 6. Significantly improved adaptability and robustness: Through machine learning, PID parameters are optimized in real time, which can adapt to different environments such as severe winter cold, hot summer, indoor area and user habits such as lowering the target temperature at night, without the need for manual parameter calibration; compared with traditional fixed PID control, temperature fluctuations are further reduced, and stable temperature control can still be maintained in extreme weather conditions such as outdoor -20℃, with a wider range of adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a graded phase change thermal energy storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top-down view;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A longitudinal sectional view;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the partition structure involved;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heat storage cavity.

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the semiconductor heating film involved;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the graded phase change thermal energy storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of an intelligent temperature control system.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] 1-Outer shell; 2-Speed-regulating fan; 3-U-shaped heat dissipation pipe; 4-Insulation layer; 5-Inner shell; 6-Heat storage cavity; 601-Main heat storage cavity; 602-Secondary heat storage cavity; 603-First cavity partition; 604-Second cavity partition; 605-Heat pipe; 7-Phase change material temperature sensor; 8-Semiconductor heating film; 801-Overheat protection device; 802-Positive electrode of semiconductor heating film; 803-Negative electrode of semiconductor heating film; 9-Side support; 10-Bottom support; 11-Indoor; 12-Indoor temperature sensor; 13-Temperature acquisition unit; 14-Human-machine interface; 15-Intelligent temperature control system; 16-Actuation unit. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0041] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] The thermal storage body is the core structure of the entire device. The outer shell 1 is made of 3 mm thick stainless steel plate, which has good structural strength. The outer shell 1 is in direct contact with the indoor environment. The side supports 9 and bottom supports 10 mm long and 50 mm in diameter stainless steel support columns are used between the inner shell 5 and the outer shell 1. The inner shell 1 is equipped with a 10 mm thick polyurethane foam insulation layer 4, which has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.025 W / (m·K), which can effectively reduce heat loss in the non-target direction of the thermal storage cavity.

[0043] The inner side of the insulation layer 4 is the inner shell 5, also made of aluminum alloy with a thickness of 2 mm. The inner shell 5 forms the heat storage cavity 6. The heat storage cavity 6 is divided into a main heat storage cavity 601 and a secondary heat storage cavity 602 by a first cavity partition 603 and a second cavity partition 604. The main heat storage cavity 601 is filled with a high-temperature phase change material; in this embodiment, modified sodium acetate trihydrate is used, with a phase change temperature of approximately 58°C. To improve material stability, 2% borax is added as a nucleating agent and 3% carboxymethyl cellulose as a thickener, keeping the supercooling below 2°C, and the heat storage performance decays by ≤5% after 5000 phase change cycles. The secondary heat storage cavity 602 is filled with a low-temperature phase change material; in this embodiment, polyethylene glycol 800 is used, with a phase change temperature of approximately 28°C. The main heat storage chamber 601 and the secondary heat storage chamber 602 are connected by multiple aluminum alloy heat pipes 605 to achieve controllable heat transfer between them.

[0044] The heating module employs semiconductor heating films 8. Two semiconductor heating films 8 are uniformly attached to the front and back of the outer wall of the main heat storage cavity 601 using high thermal conductivity silicone, ensuring that the high-temperature phase change material can be heated uniformly and efficiently. The positive electrode 802 and the negative electrode 803 of the semiconductor heating films are connected to an external control system.

[0045] An overheat protection device 801 is integrated on the semiconductor heating film 8, with an operating temperature set at 75°C. When the temperature inside the heat storage cavity 6 exceeds this threshold due to any abnormality, the overheat protection device 801 can automatically cut off the power supply to the semiconductor heating film 8 within 1 second, effectively preventing the phase change material from decomposing or deteriorating due to overheating.

[0046] Temperature acquisition unit 13 is responsible for real-time monitoring of key temperature points. The phase change material temperature sensor 7 uses a PT100 platinum resistance thermometer, with a measurement range of 0-100℃ and an accuracy of ±0.1℃. It is installed at the center of the main heat storage cavity 601 and the secondary heat storage cavity 602 to accurately detect the real-time temperature of the high-temperature and low-temperature phase change materials. The indoor temperature sensor 12 uses an NTC thermistor, with a measurement range of 0-50℃ and an accuracy of ±0.2℃. It is installed indoors at a height of 1.5 meters above the ground to detect the ambient temperature of the indoor unit 11.

[0047] The heat dissipation module is responsible for releasing the stored heat into the room as needed. Its core component is a U-shaped heat pipe 3, made of aluminum alloy, consisting of 12 sections arranged at 10 mm intervals. These sections are tightly bonded to the top of the inner shell 5 using thermally conductive silicone for efficient heat dissipation. Two variable-speed fans 2 are positioned side-by-side on one side of the outer shell 1, with their airflow directed towards the U-shaped heat pipe 3. These variable-speed fans 2 are axial flow fans with a power of 50 W. Their speed can be steplessly adjusted within the range of 0-1500 r / min by the control system, corresponding to an airflow range of 0-200 m³ / h, thus achieving precise control of the heat dissipation rate.

[0048] The human-machine interface 14 is installed on an easily accessible wall surface indoors and features a touchscreen design. It includes a target temperature setting unit and a peak / valley time period setting unit. Users can set their desired indoor temperature target range (e.g., 18-22℃) within the 16-30℃ range using the target temperature setting unit. The peak / valley time period setting unit allows users to input local peak / valley electricity prices; the default settings are valley hours (22:00 - 8:00 the next day) and peak hours (8:00 - 22:00). The interface simultaneously displays the thermal storage temperature, indoor temperature, remaining time during peak / valley hours, and the device's operating status in real time.

[0049] The intelligent temperature control system 15 is the "brain" of the device. It receives signals from the temperature acquisition unit 13 and the human-machine interface 14. Its internal data preprocessing unit first filters the sensor data, such as removing high-frequency noise and normalizing it. Subsequently, the PID controller 1502 calculates based on the processed data, such as the deviation between the indoor temperature and the target temperature. A key feature of this system is the integration of a machine learning parameter optimization unit, which dynamically optimizes the parameter K of the PID controller 1502 through a reinforcement learning (Q-Learning) algorithm. p , K i , K d Wherein, the proportionality coefficient K p To provide immediate adjustment force based on the current temperature deviation, the integral coefficient K i To eliminate residual bias when the temperature approaches the target value, the differential coefficient K... d To suppress fluctuations by predicting temperature change trends, the system can adapt to different environments and user habits.

[0050] The execution unit 16 is connected to the PID controller 1502 and performs two core operations according to the control signal: controlling the power supply to and from the semiconductor heating film 8 and adjusting the fan speed.

[0051] After the device is started, the user sets the target temperature range to 18-22℃ through the human-machine interface 14, with the default settings used during peak and off-peak periods. During off-peak periods (22:00-8:00 the next day), for heat storage: after the control system determines that it is currently in an off-peak period, the intelligent temperature control system 15 loads the historically optimal PID parameters and starts online machine learning optimization. The phase change material temperature sensor 7 monitors the temperature of the main heat storage chamber 601 in real time. When the temperature is below 58℃, the execution unit 16 starts the semiconductor heating film 8 for heating. Under the optimized PID parameter control, the heating process is stable and efficient, and the high-temperature phase change material temperature can usually reach 60-62℃ within 7-8 hours to complete heat storage, after which the heating module stops working. During peak / off-peak periods, the heating module is always turned off. The indoor temperature sensor 12 continuously monitors the indoor temperature. When the indoor temperature is below the target lower limit, such as 18℃, the PID controller 1502 calculates and outputs a control signal based on the real-time temperature deviation and the optimized parameters. The execution unit 16 then starts the speed-regulating fan 2, whose speed is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature difference. For example, the speed is about 800 r / min when the temperature difference is 2℃, and it rises to 1500 r / min when the temperature difference is 4℃. The fan quickly releases the heat in the main heat storage cavity 601 through the U-shaped heat dissipation pipe 3, causing the room temperature to rise rapidly. When the room temperature reaches the target upper limit, such as 22℃, the control system stops dissipating heat from the main heat storage cavity. If it is necessary to maintain the temperature, the system switches to finely adjusting the heat dissipation of the secondary heat storage cavity 602, using the characteristics of the low-temperature phase change material to provide gentle heat supplementation and maintain temperature stability.

[0052] Every day at 24:00, the system automatically stores the day's operating data, control parameters, and effect evaluations into the historical database. The machine learning module uses this data for offline training and model updates, providing better initial parameters for control the next day.

[0053] An automatic temperature control method for the energy-saving intelligent temperature-controlled phase change thermal energy storage device includes the following steps:

[0054] S01: Users set the target indoor temperature range, such as 18-22℃, and local peak and off-peak electricity periods through the human-machine interface. After the device is started, the thermal storage temperature sensor and the indoor temperature sensor begin to collect temperature data in real time, which is then transmitted to the control system after preprocessing.

[0055] S02: The control system determines whether the current period is an off-peak electricity period: if it is an off-peak electricity period, execute S02.1-S02.2 and start the heating control; if it is not an off-peak electricity period, the heating module remains off;

[0056] S02.1: Machine Learning Module Initialization: Load historical best PID parameters, initial value set to K. p =5.0, K i =0.2、K d=1.0, based on experimental calibration, receiving real-time deviations e1 and e 21 e 22 and environmental variables;

[0057] S02.2: Real-time parameter optimization: The machine learning module outputs the optimal PID parameter K based on the current state. p _opt, K i _opt, K d _opt is transmitted to the PID controller; the PID controller controls the heating module to start based on the deviation between the heat storage temperature and the phase change temperature and the optimized parameters. When the temperature of the high-temperature phase change material reaches 60-62℃, the heating module stops heating and the heat storage is completed.

[0058] S03: During peak or off-peak power periods, the control system, based on real-time data from the indoor temperature sensor and the optimized PID parameters from S02.1-S02.2, will activate the PID controller based on K when the indoor temperature is below the target lower limit, such as 18°C. p _opt, K i _opt, K d _opt calculates the speed adjustment curve of the cooling fan. The greater the temperature difference, the faster the speed increases, and the heat in the heat storage chamber is released through the heat dissipation module. When the indoor temperature reaches the target upper limit, such as 22°C, the fan controlling the heat dissipation of the high-temperature phase change material stops. The indoor temperature is maintained by adjusting the speed of the fan controlling the heat dissipation of the low-temperature phase change material.

[0059] S04: Repeat S02-S03, monitor the heat storage temperature and indoor temperature in real time, and dynamically adjust the operating status of the heating module and the heat dissipation module; at 24:00 every day, the system automatically stores the temperature data, adjustment parameters and effects such as temperature fluctuation amplitude of the day into the historical database. The machine learning module updates the model parameters offline to provide optimization basis for the control the next day, ensuring that the indoor temperature is maintained within the target range. At the same time, it prioritizes heat storage during off-peak hours to achieve energy-saving operation.

[0060] This invention combines phase change thermal storage with intelligent temperature control, making full use of the peak-valley electricity price difference to solve the problems of high energy consumption and high cost of traditional temperature control. At the same time, through material optimization, dual-sensor + PID closed-loop control and machine learning parameter optimization, it ensures thermal storage stability and temperature control accuracy. It is suitable for residential, office and other civil scenarios and has significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0061] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0062] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A staged phase change thermal energy storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system, characterized in that, The system includes a thermal storage body, a temperature acquisition unit (13), an intelligent temperature control system (15), a heating module, and a heat dissipation module. The thermal storage body includes an outer shell (1) and an inner shell (5). The outer shell (1) is located indoors (11), and the inner shell (5) is located inside the outer shell (1). An insulation layer (4) is provided between the inner shell (5) and the outer shell (1). A thermal storage cavity (6) is provided inside the inner shell (5). The thermal storage cavity (6) includes a main thermal storage cavity (601) and a secondary thermal storage cavity (602). A partition is provided between the main thermal storage cavity (601) and the secondary thermal storage cavity (602). A partition is provided inside the partition. There is a heat pipe (605), which is used to connect the main heat storage chamber (601) and the secondary heat storage chamber (602); the temperature acquisition unit (13) is used to acquire the real-time temperature of the heat storage chamber and the real-time temperature of the indoor environment; the temperature acquisition unit (13) converts the temperature signal into an electrical signal, and the intelligent temperature control system (15) processes the electrical signal and dynamically adjusts the operating status of the heating module and the heat dissipation module; the heating module is used to heat the main heat storage chamber (601); the heat dissipation template is used to release the heat stored in the heat storage chamber (6) into the room (11) as needed.

2. The staged phase change thermal energy storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main heat storage cavity (601) is filled with high-temperature phase change material, and the secondary heat storage cavity (602) is filled with low-temperature phase change material.

3. The staged phase change thermal storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-temperature phase change material is sodium acetate trihydrate, and the low-temperature phase change material is polyethylene glycol 800.

4. The staged phase change thermal storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating module is a semiconductor heating film (8), which is disposed on the outer wall of the main heat storage cavity (601). The semiconductor heating film (8) includes an overheat protection device (801), a positive electrode (802) of the semiconductor heating film, and a negative electrode (803) of the semiconductor heating film. The overheat protection device (801) is used to prevent the main heat storage cavity (601) from exceeding a certain temperature threshold. The positive electrode (802) and the negative electrode (803) of the semiconductor heating film are respectively connected to the intelligent temperature control system (15).

5. The staged phase change thermal storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partition includes a first cavity partition (603) and a second cavity partition (604), and several heat-conducting pipes (605) are arranged laterally between the first cavity partition (603) and the second cavity partition (604).

6. The staged phase change thermal storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature acquisition unit (13) includes a phase change material temperature sensor (7) and an indoor temperature sensor (12); there are several phase change material temperature sensors (7), which are respectively set in the center of the main heat storage cavity (601) and the secondary heat storage cavity (602) to detect the real-time temperature of the phase change material in the main heat storage cavity (601) and the secondary heat storage cavity (602); the indoor temperature sensor (12) is installed indoors (11) to detect the indoor ambient temperature.

7. The staged phase change thermal storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation template includes a U-shaped heat dissipation pipe (3) and a speed-regulating fan (2); the two speed-regulating fans (2) are arranged on one side of the outer shell (1), with the air outlet direction facing the U-shaped heat dissipation pipe (3), and the two speed-regulating fans (2) correspond to the U-shaped heat dissipation pipe (3) at the location of the main heat storage chamber (601) and the secondary heat storage chamber (602), respectively.

8. The staged phase change thermal storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent temperature control system (15) receives signals from the temperature acquisition unit (13) and the human-machine interface (14). The intelligent temperature control system (15) includes a data preprocessing unit, a PID controller, and a machine learning parameter optimization unit. The data preprocessing unit is connected to the temperature acquisition unit (13) and performs filtering and normalization processing on the real-time data of the phase change material temperature sensor (7) and the indoor temperature sensor (12) to extract core features: the deviation e1 between the indoor temperature and the target temperature, and the deviation e1 between the heat storage temperature and the phase change temperature. 21 e 22 The PID controller is electrically connected to the peak and valley time setting and the target temperature setting, and is configured to calculate the heating power adjustment value and the cooling fan speed adjustment value based on the deviation between the heat storage temperature, the indoor temperature and the target temperature. The machine learning parameter optimization unit is electrically connected to the PID controller and the temperature acquisition unit (13), and is configured to dynamically optimize the PID parameter K through reinforcement learning. p K i K d The execution unit (16) is electrically connected to the PID controller to control the start and stop of the heating module and the start and stop of the speed-regulating fan (2) in the heat dissipation module and its speed.

9. The staged phase change thermal storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Discrete support columns are also provided between the inner shell (5) and the outer shell (1).

10. An automatic temperature control method for a staged phase change thermal storage device based on an intelligent temperature control system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S01: The user sets the indoor target temperature range and local peak and valley electricity periods through the human-machine interface (14). After the device is started, the phase change material temperature sensor (7) and the indoor temperature sensor (12) start to collect temperature data in real time, and transmit it to the intelligent temperature control system (15) after preprocessing. S02: The intelligent temperature control system (15) determines whether the current time period is a valley electricity period: if it is a valley electricity period, execute S02.1-S02.2 and start the heating control; if it is not a valley electricity period, the heating module remains off; S02.1: Machine Learning Module Initialization: Load historical best PID parameters, initial value set to K. p =5.0, K i =0.2、K d =1.0, receive real-time deviation e1, e 21 e 22 and environmental variables; S02.2: Real-time parameter optimization: The machine learning module outputs the optimal PID parameter K based on the current state. p _opt, K i _opt, K d _opt is transmitted to the PID controller; the PID controller controls the heating module to start based on the deviation between the heat storage temperature and the phase change temperature and the optimized parameters. When the temperature of the high-temperature phase change material reaches 60-62℃, the heating module stops heating and the heat storage is completed. S03: During peak or flat power periods, the intelligent temperature control system (15) uses real-time data from the indoor temperature sensor (12) and the optimized PID parameters from S02.1 to S02.2 to control the PID controller based on K when the indoor temperature is below the target lower limit. p _opt, K i _opt, K d _opt calculates the speed adjustment curve of the speed-regulating fan (2) and releases the heat in the heat storage chamber through the heat dissipation module; when the indoor temperature reaches the upper limit of the target temperature, the speed-regulating fan (2) that controls the heat dissipation of the high-temperature phase change material stops, and the indoor temperature is maintained by adjusting the speed of the speed-regulating fan (2) that controls the heat dissipation of the low-temperature phase change material. S04: Repeat S02-S03, monitor the heat storage temperature and indoor temperature in real time, and dynamically adjust the operating status of the heating module and the heat dissipation module; at 24:00 every day, the system automatically stores the temperature data, adjustment parameters and effects of the day into the historical database, and the machine learning module updates the model parameters offline to provide optimization basis for the control the next day, ensuring that the indoor temperature is maintained within the target range, and at the same time prioritizing the completion of heat storage during off-peak electricity hours to achieve energy-saving operation.

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