Maritime law enforcement dangerous cargo sampling decision-making system

Abstract

The invention provides a maritime law enforcement dangerous cargo sampling decision-making system, and relates to the technical field of dangerous cargo sampling inspection. The system comprises a database in which a mapping relation between dangerous cargo categories and a minimum sampling amount obtained through test calculation is pre-stored; the identification recognition device is used for automatically acquiring category information of the to-be-detected dangerous goods; the central processing unit is in communication connection with the database and the identification recognition device and is configured to execute the following operations: receiving goods category information from the identification recognition device; on the basis of the category information, querying and calling corresponding lowest sampling amount data according to a mapping relationship in a database; and generating and displaying a sampling instruction containing the lowest sampling amount data, wherein the sampling instruction is used for guiding automatic or manual sampling operation. The method is high in applicability and pertinence in the field of dangerous goods sampling inspection, and can be suitable for sampling inspection of various dangerous goods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dangerous goods sampling inspection technology, and in particular to a maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision system. Background Technology

[0002] According to the relevant requirements of the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" and the "Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Management of Dangerous Goods Carried by Ships," maritime authorities are responsible for the safety supervision and management of dangerous goods carried by ships nationwide. They are required to conduct random inspections of dangerous goods as needed to effectively combat false reporting and concealment. According to the "Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Management of Dangerous Goods Carried by Ships," ships carrying dangerous goods must declare to the maritime authorities before entering or leaving ports, and can only do so after approval. Failure to declare or incorrect declaration of dangerous goods is a key violation that maritime authorities must focus on cracking down on during regulatory enforcement; once discovered, the shipper will be punished. During the random inspection and examination of dangerous goods, if maritime enforcement personnel encounter discrepancies between cargo information and declared information, or if dangerous goods are not declared as required, they must open the containers, take samples, and send them to a qualified professional testing and inspection institution for testing and inspection to determine the hazardous characteristics and category of the dangerous goods.

[0003] Currently, in the field of maritime regulatory sampling inspection of dangerous goods, relevant national standards are mostly referenced. The national standards "General Rules for Sampling of Chemical Products" (GB / T 6678-2003), "General Rules for Sampling of Liquid Chemical Products" (GB 6680-2003), and "General Rules for Sampling of Solid Chemical Products" (GB / T 6679-2003) clearly define the sampling requirements, sampling equipment, and operating methods for liquid, solid, and gaseous chemical products, respectively. However, they do not differentiate minimum sampling quantities according to the different hazard categories of dangerous goods. Currently, maritime law enforcement personnel face the problem of insufficient or excessive sampling quantities, leading to waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, this invention proposes a maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision system, which includes: The database contains a pre-stored mapping relationship between dangerous goods categories and minimum sample quantities calculated through experiments; Identification devices are used to automatically acquire category information of dangerous goods to be inspected; The central processing unit, communicatively connected to the database and the identification device, is configured to perform the following operations: receive cargo category information from the identification device; based on the category information, query and retrieve the corresponding minimum sampling quantity data according to the mapping relationship in the database; generate and display a sampling instruction containing the minimum sampling quantity data, the sampling instruction being used to guide automated or manual sampling operations.

[0005] Furthermore, the dangerous goods categories include: explosives, flammable liquids, flammable solids, substances that are easily ignited, substances that release flammable gases upon contact with water, oxidizing substances, toxic substances, corrosive substances, substances that release flammable gases, and ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers; wherein, the oxidizing substances include oxidizing solids and oxidizing liquids; and the corrosive substances include corrosive substances that can be tested for skin irritation and corrosive substances that can be tested for metal corrosion.

[0006] Furthermore, in the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling quantity corresponding to the explosive is pre-determined based on the UN partition test, Kronen test, and time / pressure test as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size required for explosives; X 11 This indicates the amount of sample required for the United Nations partition test. , Indicates the number of UN partition tests. This indicates the radius of the seamless carbon steel pipe. Indicates the length of the seamless carbon steel pipe; X 12 This indicates the amount of sample required for the Krona test. , This represents the compaction coefficient based on the applied pressure during the Kronen test. Indicates the number of Krona trials. Indicates the radius of the steel pipe. Indicates the length of the steel pipe; X 13 Indicates the amount of sample required for the time / pressure test. , Indicates the number of time / pressure tests. Indicates the minimum sample mass required for time / pressure testing.

[0007] Furthermore, in the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the flammable liquid is pre-determined based on the Binski closed-cup flash point test, viscosity test, boiling point test, solvent separation test, and sustained combustion test, as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size required for flammable liquids; X 31 This indicates the amount of sample required for the Binski closed-cup flash point test. , This represents the loss margin coefficient of the liquid during the pouring process in the Binski closed-cup flash point test. n 4 indicates the number of Binski closed-cup flash point tests. X represents the maximum volume of the container in a single test during the Binski closed-cup flash point test; 32Indicates the amount of sample required for the viscosity test. , This represents the adsorption / residue coefficient of the liquid flowing through the nozzle orifice in a viscosity test. n 5 indicates the number of viscosity tests. V 2 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single viscosity test; X 33 This indicates the amount of sample required for the boiling point test. , This represents the loss margin coefficient of the liquid during the pouring process in a boiling point test. n 6 indicates the number of boiling point tests. V 3 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single boiling point test; X 34 This indicates the amount of sample required for the solvent separation test. , Indicates the safety margin factor. Indicates the number of solvent separation tests. V 4 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single test during the solvent separation experiment; X 35 This indicates the amount of sample required for the sustained combustion test. , This represents the loss margin coefficient of the liquid during the pouring process in a sustained combustion test. Indicates the number of continuous combustion tests. V 5 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single test during a continuous combustion test.

[0008] Furthermore, in the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the flammable solid is pre-determined based on combustion rate tests as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size corresponding to flammable solids; k 2 represents the compaction coefficient in the combustion rate test; Indicates the number of tests conducted to measure the combustion rate; , , These represent the width, height, and length of the mold used in the combustion rate test, respectively. The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the substance that is prone to spontaneous combustion is determined in advance based on the self-heating substance test as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample size required for substances that are prone to spontaneous combustion. Indicates the number of tests conducted on self-heating substances; , , These represent the width, height, and length of the first type of cubic mold used in the self-heating substance experiment, respectively. , , These represent the width, height, and length of the second type of cubic mold used in the self-heating substance experiment, respectively. The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the substance that emits flammable gas upon contact with water is pre-determined based on the flammable gas emission test upon contact with water, as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample quantity required for a substance that releases flammable gases upon contact with water. This indicates the sample mass necessary for the first-stage preliminary screening test, which is used to observe whether the sample will spontaneously combust when in contact with water; This indicates the number of tests conducted in the second stage to detect the release of flammable gases upon contact with water; This indicates the sample mass required for the second-stage test to release flammable gases upon contact with water.

[0009] Furthermore, in the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the oxidizing solid is pre-determined based on experimental calculations of the oxidizing solid as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size corresponding to the oxidizing solid; This represents the loss margin factor in oxidizing solid tests. Indicates the number of tests conducted on oxidizing solids; M 4 represents the mass of sample necessary to mix the oxidizing solid sample with the combustible material in the first ratio; M 5 indicates the mass of sample necessary to mix the oxidizing solid sample with the combustible material in the second ratio; The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the oxidizing liquid is pre-determined based on oxidizing liquid test calculations as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size required for oxidizing liquids; This represents the loss margin factor in oxidizing liquid tests. Indicates the number of tests conducted on oxidizing liquids. M 6 indicates the mass of sample necessary to mix the oxidizing liquid sample with the combustible material in the required proportion.

[0010] Furthermore, in the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the toxic substance is pre-determined based on acute oral toxicity animal tests, acute dermal toxicity animal tests, and acute inhalation toxicity animal tests, as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the minimum sampling amount corresponding to a toxic substance; X 61 This indicates the amount of sample required for acute oral toxicity animal testing. , Indicates the number of animal tests conducted for acute oral toxicity. This indicates the standard weight of the animal in an acute oral toxicity animal test. M 7 represents a fixed dose of 5 mg / kg. M 8 represents a fixed dose of 50 mg / kg. M 9 represents a fixed dose of 300 mg / kg. M 10 A fixed dose of 2000 mg / kg; X 62 This indicates the amount of sample required for acute dermal toxicity animal testing. , n 15 Indicates the number of animal tests for acute dermal toxicity. m 2 represents the standard weight of the animal in the acute dermal toxicity animal test. M 11 This indicates a fixed dose of 50 mg / kg. M 12 This indicates a fixed dose of 200 mg / kg. M 13 This indicates a fixed dose of 1000 mg / kg. M 14 This indicates a fixed dose of 2000 mg / kg; X 63 This indicates the amount of sample required for acute inhalation toxicity animal testing. X 63 45g.

[0011] Furthermore, in the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the corrosive substance that can undergo skin irritation testing is pre-determined based on skin irritation testing as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample size required for corrosive substances to undergo skin irritation testing; This represents the loss margin factor in skin irritation testing. Indicates the number of skin irritation tests. M 15 Indicates the mass or volume of sample required for skin irritation testing; The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the corrosive substance for which metal corrosion testing can be performed is pre-determined based on calculations for metal corrosion testing as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample size required for corrosive substances to be tested for metal corrosion. This indicates the safety margin factor in metal corrosion testing. Indicates the number of metal corrosion tests. V 6 indicates the sample volume required for the metal corrosion test.

[0012] Furthermore, in the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the substance that emits flammable gas is pre-determined based on gas type and concentration measurement experiments as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample size required for a substance that will release flammable gases. This indicates the loss margin factor for the gas type and concentration determination test. Indicates the type of gas and the number of tests conducted to determine its concentration. V 7 indicates the volume of the container used in the gas type and concentration determination experiment; The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the ammonium nitrate-based fertilizer was pre-determined based on a self-sustaining exothermic decomposition tank test as follows: ; In the formula, This indicates the minimum sampling amount required for ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers; a 4、 h 4、 l 4 represents the width, height, and length of the tank used in the trough test, respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the identification device is an RFID reader, a QR code scanner, or a computer vision-based cargo identification module.

[0014] The embodiments of the present invention have the following technical effects: This invention proposes a maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision-making system applicable to various dangerous goods. It clarifies the minimum sampling quantity based on the testing requirements of different categories of dangerous goods. During actual sampling, the minimum sampling quantity corresponding to the dangerous goods category is sufficient to meet testing requirements, minimizing waste from over-sampling or the need for secondary sampling due to insufficient sampling. This invention can quickly and accurately determine the minimum sampling quantity of dangerous goods to be inspected, making the subsequent sampling process more efficient, achieving digitalization and standardization of the decision-making process, and reducing human error. This invention has strong applicability and specificity in the field of dangerous goods sampling inspection. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are part of this invention.

[0018] This invention proposes a maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: Database 110 stores a mapping relationship between dangerous goods categories and minimum sampling quantities calculated through testing. The dangerous goods categories include: explosives, flammable liquids, flammable solids, substances prone to spontaneous combustion, substances that release flammable gases upon contact with water, oxidizing substances, toxic substances, corrosive substances, substances that release flammable gases, and ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers. Oxidizing substances include oxidizing solids and oxidizing liquids; corrosive substances include those that can undergo skin irritation testing and those that can undergo metal corrosion testing. The identification device 120 is used to automatically acquire the category information of the dangerous goods to be inspected; The central processing unit 130, which is communicatively connected to the database 110 and the identification device 120, is configured to perform the following operations: receive cargo category information from the identification device; query and retrieve the corresponding minimum sampling quantity data based on the category information and the mapping relationship in the database; generate and display a sampling instruction containing the minimum sampling quantity data, the sampling instruction being used to guide automated or manual sampling operations.

[0019] According to embodiments of the present invention, the national standard "Classification and Numbering of Dangerous Goods" (GB 6944-2025) classifies dangerous goods into nine categories, as shown in Table 1 below. Different categories have different hazardous characteristics, and the minimum sampling quantity required for different categories of dangerous goods varies.

[0020] Table 1 Classification of Dangerous Goods Regarding the hazard classification of dangerous goods, there are clear international rules and experimental requirements for determination, namely the "Manual of Tests and Criteria" (hereinafter referred to as the Manual) published and regularly updated by the United Nations Economic and Social Council. The Manual clearly specifies the number of tests, test content, test equipment, and methods required for each hazard category of dangerous goods. However, the Manual does not mention the minimum sample size required for each type of test. Furthermore, some tests require pre-testing, some volatile liquids have significant losses during testing, and some solids (such as powders and granules) need to be compacted before testing. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention pre-determines the minimum sample size for different types of dangerous goods samples based on the test items, number of tests, and test equipment volume specified in the Manual. This includes correction parameters such as compaction coefficient, loss margin coefficient, and adsorption / residue coefficient, and their appropriate values. A mapping relationship between dangerous goods categories and minimum sample sizes is then established and stored in a database.

[0021] The mapping relationship between dangerous goods categories and the minimum sampling quantity calculated through experiments is established as follows.

[0022] 1) Class 1 explosives According to the manual, Class 1 explosives require testing under UN partition tests, Kronen tests, and time / pressure tests to determine their sensitivity to impact, heating effects under containment conditions, and ignition effects. The minimum sample size for Class 1 explosives (solid or liquid) is calculated using formula (1): (1) In the formula: Indicates the minimum sampling quantity for Class 1 explosives; X 11 Indicates the amount of sample required for the United Nations partition test; X 12 Indicates the amount of sample required for the Krona test; X 13 Indicates the amount of sample required for the time / pressure test.

[0023] The United Nations diaphragm test involves placing a sample into a seamless carbon steel tube for impact sensitivity testing. The tube has a radius of 20 mm and a length of 400 mm. Therefore, the sample quantity required for the United Nations diaphragm test is calculated using formula (2): (2) In the formula: This indicates the number of UN partition tests; according to the manual, it should be 2. This indicates the radius of the seamless carbon steel pipe. This indicates the length of the seamless carbon steel pipe.

[0024] The Kronen test involves placing a sample in a steel tube with an inner radius of 12 mm and a length of 60 mm under closed conditions to test the sample's sensitivity to high heat. During the filling process, a pressure of approximately 80 N is applied to compact the sample in multiple layers. Therefore, the sample quantity required for the Kronen test is calculated according to formula (3): (3) In the formula: This represents the compaction coefficient of the pressure applied in the Krona test. Based on experimental experience, it is generally between 4 and 6, and is taken as 6 in the calculation. This indicates the number of Kronospan tests; according to the manual, it is taken as 18. Indicates the radius of the steel pipe. This indicates the length of the steel pipe.

[0025] The time / pressure test involves placing 5.0 g of the substance into the equipment and bringing it into contact with the ignition system to measure the time required for the test sample to rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa pressure. Compaction is usually not required; therefore, the sample quantity required for the time / pressure test is calculated using formula (4): (4) In the formula: This indicates the number of time / pressure tests, which should be set to 3 according to the manual. Indicates the minimum sample mass required for time / pressure testing.

[0026] The amount of solid or liquid explosive sample required for the above test is at least 3.0L, calculated by formula (1). When the sample is a whole item such as fireworks or firecrackers, it should be sampled in boxes to ensure that the requirements of the whole test are met.

[0027] 2) Type 2 gases When the sample is an aerosol, direct sampling is used to conduct ignition distance tests and enclosed space ignition tests. According to the manual, the minimum sample quantity required for the above tests is 6 bottles (i.e., the minimum sampling quantity corresponding to the aerosol in the mapping relationship is 6 bottles). For the flammability test of foam aerosol, the minimum sample quantity required is 4 bottles (i.e., the minimum sampling quantity corresponding to the foam aerosol in the mapping relationship is 4 bottles). Other packaging forms of gas (such as gas cylinders, liquefied gas tanks, etc.) are not applicable to this invention.

[0028] 3) Class 3 flammable liquids For Class 3 flammable liquids, the Binski closed-cup flash point test, viscosity test, and sustained combustion test are required to test key parameters such as flash point. The minimum sampling amount for Class 3 flammable liquids is calculated according to formula (5): (5) In the formula: X3 represents the minimum sampling quantity for Class 3 flammable liquids; X 31 Indicates the amount of sample required for the Binski closed-cup flash point test; X 32 Indicates the amount of sample required for the viscosity test; X 33 Indicates the amount of sample required for the boiling point test; X 34 Indicates the amount of sample required for the solvent separation test; X 35 This indicates the amount of sample required for the sustained combustion test.

[0029] In the Binski closed-cup flash point test, the sample is poured into an oil cup with a radius of 25.4 mm and a liquid level of 34 mm. After repeated verification, the oil cup can hold approximately 75 ml of sample per pour. Given that each pour results in some loss, especially for liquids with higher viscosity, a loss margin factor is set. Therefore, the sample quantity required for the Binski closed-cup flash point test is calculated using formula (6): (6) In the formula: This represents the loss margin coefficient of the liquid during the pouring process in the Binski closed-cup flash point test. Based on experimental experience, it is generally between 1.1 and 1.3, and is taken as 1.3 in the calculation. n 4 indicates the number of Binski closed-cup flash point tests; according to the manual, it is taken as 3. This indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single test during the Binski closed-cup flash point test.

[0030] Viscosity tests were conducted at 23°C using ISO flow cups with nozzle diameters of 4 mm and 6 mm. The viscosity of the sample was characterized by measuring the time it took for the liquid to flow out through the nozzle orifice. After repeated verification, the ISO flow cup could hold approximately 100 ml of sample per pour. Considering that residue would remain on the inner wall of the container after each pour, especially for liquids with higher viscosity, an adsorption / residue coefficient was set. Therefore, the sample volume required for the viscosity test was calculated using formula (7): (7) In the formula: This represents the adsorption / residual coefficient of the liquid flowing through the nozzle orifice in the viscosity test. Based on experimental experience, it is generally between 1.1 and 1.5, and is taken as 1.5 in the calculation. n5 indicates the number of viscosity tests; according to the manual, it should be 2. V 2 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single viscosity test.

[0031] The boiling point test involves pouring the sample into a test tube approximately 200 mm long and 15 mm in diameter, and observing the boiling temperature of the liquid. Through repeated verification, the test tube can hold approximately 15 ml of sample per pour. Considering that each pour will result in some loss during the test, a loss margin coefficient is set. Therefore, the amount of sample required for the boiling point test is calculated according to formula (8): (8) In the formula: This represents the loss margin coefficient of the liquid during the pouring process in the boiling point test. Based on experimental experience, it is generally between 1.0 and 1.1, and is taken as 1.1 in the calculation. n 6 indicates the number of boiling point tests; according to the manual, it is set to 3. V 3 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single boiling point test.

[0032] In the solvent separation test, the sample is injected into a 100ml graduated cylinder with a stopper. The total height of the graduated cylinder is approximately 250mm, and the inner diameter is approximately 30mm. The test method involves observing the layer height of the sample after standing for 24 hours. To meet the test requirements, a safety margin factor is set. The safety margin factor refers to the insurance factor required for repeated tests when determining the sample size. Therefore, the sample size required for the solvent separation test is calculated according to formula (9).

[0033] (9) In the formula: This represents the safety margin factor, which is taken as 1.2 based on experimental experience. n 7 indicates the number of solvent separation tests; according to the manual, it is taken as 1. V 4 indicates the maximum capacity of the container in a single test during the solvent separation experiment.

[0034] In the sustained combustion test, a sample volume of 2.0 ml is injected into the sample well. The sample well is approximately 6.2 mm high and 20 mm in radius. A standard flame is applied under specified conditions, and the test substance is observed to continue burning after the flame is removed. During the test, a dropper is used to take samples, and the samples taken cannot be returned to the sample bottle for reuse. Therefore, each sampling will result in a certain loss, and a loss margin coefficient is set. Therefore, the amount of sample required for the sustained combustion test is calculated according to formula (10): (10) In the formula: This represents the loss margin coefficient of the liquid during the pouring process in a continuous combustion test. Based on experimental experience, it is generally between 1.5 and 2, and is taken as 2 in the calculation. n 8 indicates the number of continuous combustion tests; according to the manual, it should be 12. V 5 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single test during a continuous combustion test.

[0035] According to formula (5), the required liquid sample volume for Class 3 flammable liquids to carry out the above test is at least 820 ml, so as to ensure that the requirements of the whole set of tests are met.

[0036] 4) Class 4 flammable solids, substances that are prone to spontaneous combustion, and substances that release flammable gases upon contact with water. Class 4 dangerous goods include flammable solids, substances prone to spontaneous combustion, and substances that release flammable gases upon contact with water. For flammable solids (Class 4.1), a combustion rate test must be conducted as required to determine their combustion rate characteristics. For substances prone to spontaneous combustion (Class 4.2), if they are ignitable solids or liquids, the sample should be kept in its original outer packaging and not removed; it should be directly retrieved for the ignitable solid / liquid test. If they are self-heating substances, a self-heating substance test is required to determine whether they will oxidize and self-heat. For substances that release flammable gases upon contact with water (Class 4.3), a flammable gas release test upon contact with water is required to verify whether they release a dangerous quantity of potentially flammable gases upon contact with water.

[0037] 41) When conducting a combustion rate test on flammable solids (Class 4.1), the sample is placed in a triangular mold approximately 250 mm long, 20 mm wide, and 10 mm high to conduct a mass propagation combustion capacity test. During the filling process, the sample must fill the entire mold and be slightly compacted. Therefore, the minimum sampling quantity for Class 4 flammable solids is calculated according to formula (11): (11) In the formula: k 2 represents the compaction coefficient in the combustion rate test. Based on experimental experience, it is generally between 1.3 and 1.5. 1.5 is used in the calculation. n 9 indicates the number of combustion rate tests; according to the manual, it should be 7. , , These represent the width, height, and length of the mold used in the combustion rate test, respectively. 42) For substances that are prone to spontaneous combustion (Class 4.2), ignitable solids or liquids must be sampled directly from their outer packaging for testing. The self-heating substance test involves placing the sample into cubic sample containers with sides of 25 mm and 100 mm, respectively. Therefore, the minimum sample size for Class 4 substances prone to spontaneous combustion is calculated using formula (12): (12) In the formula: This indicates the number of tests conducted on the self-heating substance; according to the manual, it should be 3. , , These represent the width, height, and length (25mm, 25mm, 25mm) of the first type of cubic mold used in the self-heating substance experiment, respectively. , , These represent the width, height, and length (100mm, 100mm, 100mm) of the second type of cubic mold used in the self-heating substance experiment.

[0038] 43) The test for substances that emit flammable gases upon contact with water (Class 4.3) is divided into two stages: The first stage is a preliminary identification test, which requires a 10g sample. The purpose of this stage is to make a preliminary judgment on the hazardous characteristics of the sample and to examine whether it will spontaneously combust when in contact with water. Specifically, it includes three situations: preliminary test, filter paper test and stacking test. If the sample spontaneously combusts under any test condition, it can be directly identified as having the characteristic of spontaneous combustion upon contact with water, and there is no need to proceed to the subsequent test. If spontaneous combustion does not occur, the second stage of the test for flammable gases upon contact with water needs to be carried out for further confirmation. The second stage requires a sample of no more than 25g to be placed in a conical flask for testing. Therefore, the minimum sampling amount for substances that emit flammable gases upon contact with water is calculated according to formula (13): (13) In the formula: This indicates the sample quality necessary for the first phase of preliminary screening tests; This indicates the number of tests conducted in the second stage to release flammable gases upon contact with water; according to the manual, this number is 3. This indicates the sample mass required for the second-stage test to release flammable gases upon contact with water.

[0039] 5) Category 5 oxidizing substances and organic peroxides 51) Oxidizing substances (Class 5.1) must be determined by test to have the potential to increase the combustion rate or intensity of a combustible when the substance is fully mixed with it.

[0040] The oxidizing solids test requires mixing the test substance with a combustible material in two ratios: 4:1 and 1:1, with a total sample mass of 30g for each mixture, and then testing the combustion intensity potential of each mixture. Given that a certain loss occurs each time the sample is drawn from the container during the test, a loss margin coefficient is set. Therefore, the minimum sampling amount for oxidizing solids is calculated according to formula (14): (14) In the formula: This represents the loss margin factor in oxidizing solid tests. Based on experimental experience, it is generally between 1.00 and 1.02, and is taken as 1.02 in the calculation. This indicates the number of tests conducted on oxidizing solids; according to the manual, it should be taken as 5. M 4 represents the mass of sample necessary to mix the oxidizing solid sample with the combustible material in the first ratio; M 5 indicates the mass of sample necessary to mix the oxidizing solid sample with the combustible material in the second ratio.

[0041] The oxidizing liquid test requires mixing the test substance with a combustible material in a 1:1 ratio, with a test liquid mass of 2.5g, and testing the flammability potential. During the test, a dropper is used for sampling, and the sample taken cannot be returned to the sample bottle for reuse. Therefore, each sampling will result in a certain loss, and a loss margin coefficient is set. Therefore, the minimum sampling amount of the oxidizing liquid is calculated according to formula (15): (15) In the formula: This represents the loss margin factor in oxidizing liquid tests. Based on experimental experience, it is generally between 5 and 8, and is taken as 8 in the calculation. This indicates the number of tests conducted on oxidizing liquids; according to the manual, it should be 5. M 6 indicates the mass of sample required to mix the oxidizing liquid sample with the combustible material in a 1:1 ratio.

[0042] 52) For organic peroxides (Class 5.2), if the composition and proportions are known, they can be identified according to Chapter 2.5 of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, “List of Organic Peroxides with Determined Packaging”; if it is a new type of organic peroxide, the test series AH in Part II of the manual needs to be carried out. Considering its high risk, it is recommended to retrieve the package together to ensure that the sample quantity is more than 3 packages of 50 kg each.

[0043] 6) Class 6 toxic substances Toxic substances (Class 6.1) require acute oral toxicity testing, acute dermal toxicity testing, and acute inhalation toxicity testing in animal experiments to determine their toxicity classification. Infectious substances (Class 6.2) are not applicable to this invention due to their biological infectiousness. The minimum sampling quantity for Class 6 toxic substances is calculated using formula (16): (16) In the formula: X6 represents the sample quantity of Class 6.1 toxic substances; X 61 Indicates the amount of sample required for acute oral toxicity animal testing; X 62 Indicates the amount of sample required for acute dermal toxicity animal testing; X 63 This indicates the amount of sample required for acute inhalation toxicity animal testing.

[0044] For acute oral toxicity testing, three animals are required for each step (the standard weight of rats is 200-300g, with a maximum weight of 300g selected). The initial dose can be selected from four fixed doses: 5mg / kg, 50mg / kg, 300mg / kg, and 2000mg / kg. Therefore, the sample size required for conducting acute oral toxicity testing should be calculated according to formula (17): (17) In the formula: This indicates the number of animal tests for acute oral toxicity, which, according to national standards, is taken as 3. This indicates the standard weight of the animal in an acute oral toxicity animal test. M 7 represents a fixed dose of 5 mg / kg. M 8 represents a fixed dose of 50 mg / kg. M 9 represents a fixed dose of 300 mg / kg. M 10 The dosage is a fixed dose of 2000 mg / kg.

[0045] For acute percutaneous toxicity testing, three animals are required for each step (the standard weight of rats is 200-300g, with a maximum weight of 300g selected). The initial dose can be selected from four fixed doses: 50mg / kg, 200mg / kg, 1000mg / kg, and 2000mg / kg. Therefore, the sample size required for conducting acute percutaneous toxicity testing should be calculated according to formula (18): (18) In the formula: n15 This indicates the number of animal tests for acute dermal toxicity, which should be taken as 3 according to national standards. m 2 represents the standard weight of the animal in the acute dermal toxicity animal test. M 11 This indicates a fixed dose of 50 mg / kg. M 12 This indicates a fixed dose of 200 mg / kg. M 13 This indicates a fixed dose of 1000 mg / kg. M 14 This indicates a fixed dose of 2000 mg / kg.

[0046] Acute inhalation toxicity testing involves subjecting laboratory animals to continuous inhalation of an inhalable test sample over a 24-hour period to observe the short-term health damage effects. Due to variations in the size of inhalation tanks, the sample size should be determined based on maximizing demand, ensuring X... 63 No less than 45g.

[0047] According to formula (16), the amount of solid / liquid sample of toxic substance required to carry out the above test is at least 50g, so as to ensure that the requirements of the whole set of tests are met.

[0048] Category 7 radioactive materials are not applicable to this invention.

[0049] 7) Class 8 Corrosive Substances For Class 8 corrosive substances, their pH value should be determined first. If the test substance is a strong acid or strong base, i.e., pH value < 2 or pH value > 11.5, a skin irritation test is not required. If the test substance is known to have strong transdermal toxicity, or if no skin irritation occurs in an acute transdermal toxicity test at the limit test dose of 2000 mg / kg body weight, or if corrosiveness is predicted based on in vitro test results, a skin irritation test is also unnecessary.

[0050] The skin irritation test involves applying 0.5 ml / 0.5 g of the test substance directly to a 2.5 cm area. On a 2.5cm area of ​​skin. During the test, a sample larger than 0.5ml / 0.5g is taken from the sample bottle, weighed, and then the test is carried out. The sample that has been taken out cannot be put back into the sample bottle for continued use. Therefore, a certain loss will occur with each sampling. A loss margin coefficient is set. Therefore, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the corrosive substance that can be used for skin irritation testing should be calculated according to formula (19): (19) In the formula: This represents the loss margin factor in skin irritation testing. Based on testing experience, it is generally between 1.5 and 2.5, and is taken as 2.5 in the calculation. This indicates the number of skin irritation tests; according to the manual, it should be 8. 15 Indicates the sample mass or volume required for skin irritation testing.

[0051] Metal corrosion tests are used to determine whether liquid substances and solid substances that may turn into liquids during transportation are corrosive to metals. The required sample size for the test is no less than 1.5 L. Due to the long test period, usually 7, 14, 21 or 28 days, it is necessary to ensure that there is sufficient reactant involved throughout the contact process. If the test time is too long and the solvent is not replenished, false negative results may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to consider adding an appropriate amount of new solvent during the test, or to ensure that the amount of solvent is sufficient in the initial stage. Therefore, the minimum sample size corresponding to the corrosive substances that can be tested for metal corrosion should be calculated according to formula (20).

[0052] (20) In the formula: This represents the safety margin factor for metal corrosion testing. Based on testing experience, it is generally between 1.2 and 1.6, and is taken as 1.6 in the calculation. n 17 This indicates the number of metal corrosion tests; according to the manual, it should be taken as 1. V 6 indicates the sample volume required for the metal corrosion test.

[0053] According to formulas (19) and (20), the minimum sample size for corrosive substances of Class 8 that can be tested for skin irritation is not less than 10 g (applicable to solids or liquids); the minimum sample size for corrosive substances that can be tested for metal corrosion (applicable only to liquids) should be not less than 2.5 L.

[0054] 8) Class 9 Miscellaneous hazardous substances and articles Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Substances and Articles includes substances that endanger the environment. This category includes substances that release flammable gases, lithium battery packs, life-saving equipment, substances transported or delivered at high temperatures, and hazardous substances such as ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers. This invention mainly targets substances that release flammable gases and solid substances such as ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers; other items are not within the scope of this invention.

[0055] 81) For substances that release flammable gases, the substance should be placed in a 50ml storage bottle, filled at 50% of its volume, and the type and concentration of flammable gases released should be tested. Considering that a certain loss will occur when the sample is taken from the container during the test, a loss margin coefficient should be set. The minimum sampling amount of a substance that releases flammable gases should be calculated according to formula (21): (twenty one) In the formula: This represents the loss margin coefficient for gas type and concentration determination experiments. Based on experimental experience, it is generally between 1.1 and 1.3, and is taken as 1.3 in the calculation. n 18 This indicates the type of gas and the number of tests for concentration determination; according to the manual, it should be 3. V 7 indicates the volume of the container used in the gas type and concentration determination test.

[0056] 82) For ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers, a self-sustaining exothermic decomposition tank test needs to be conducted, in which the sample is placed in a tank with dimensions of [missing information]. The minimum sampling amount of nitrate fertilizer should be calculated according to formula (22) when it is heated in the tank. (twenty two) In the formula: a 4、 h 4、 l 4 represents the width, height, and length of the tank used in the trough test, respectively.

[0057] According to formulas (21) and (22), the minimum sample size for substances that release flammable gases shall not be less than 100 ml (applicable to solids); the minimum sample size for ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers shall not be less than 11.5 L, and it is recommended to take the sample directly along with the packaging.

[0058] It should be noted that when the sample encountered is an unknown dangerous good, and its physicochemical properties, hazardous characteristics, reactivity, and other key information are not yet known, a more prudent and comprehensive strategy should be adopted in the sampling stage to ensure the comprehensiveness of the testing process and the scientific validity of the results. In such cases, the maximum sampling volume for each type of test should be used, with a solid sampling volume of 4.0L and a liquid sampling volume of 4.0L. That is, when the category of dangerous goods is unknown, the corresponding minimum sampling volume is actually the maximum sampling volume of 4L.

[0059] The identification device 120 is an RFID reader, a QR code scanner, or a cargo identification module based on computer vision. After the identification device 120 identifies the category information of the dangerous goods to be inspected, it sends the category information to the central processing unit 130. The central processing unit 130 retrieves the mapping relationship between dangerous goods categories and minimum sampling quantities in the database 110, determines the minimum sampling quantity corresponding to the dangerous goods to be inspected, and generates and displays a sampling instruction containing the minimum sampling quantity. The sampling instruction is used to guide subsequent automated or manual sampling operations.

[0060] Furthermore, the system may also include an automated sampling device, which is communicatively connected to the central processing unit 130, receives the sampling instruction, and automatically completes the sampling operation of the dangerous goods to be inspected based on a determined minimum sampling quantity; as an example, the automated sampling device may be a robotic arm, a metering pump, etc.

[0061] This invention can quickly and accurately determine the minimum sampling quantity of dangerous goods to be inspected, making the subsequent sampling process more efficient, realizing the digitalization and standardization of the decision-making process, and reducing human decision-making errors.

[0062] It should be noted that this invention primarily targets packaged dangerous goods transported in containers, but can also address the sampling needs of bulk liquid cargoes (such as oil tankers and chemical tankers). This invention is not applicable to radioactive materials, lithium batteries, lighters, life-saving equipment, reagent kits, etc.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision-making system, characterized in that, include: The database contains a pre-stored mapping relationship between dangerous goods categories and minimum sample quantities calculated through experiments; Identification devices are used to automatically acquire category information of dangerous goods to be inspected; The central processing unit, communicatively connected to the database and the identification device, is configured to perform the following operations: The system receives cargo category information from the identification device; based on the category information, it queries and retrieves the corresponding minimum sampling quantity data according to the mapping relationship in the database; and generates and displays a sampling instruction containing the minimum sampling quantity data, which is used to guide automated or manual sampling operations.

2. The maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dangerous goods categories include: explosives, flammable liquids, flammable solids, substances that are easily ignited, substances that release flammable gases upon contact with water, oxidizing substances, toxic substances, corrosive substances, substances that release flammable gases, and ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers; wherein, the oxidizing substances include oxidizing solids and oxidizing liquids; and the corrosive substances include corrosive substances that can be tested for skin irritation and corrosive substances that can be tested for metal corrosion.

3. The maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling quantity corresponding to the explosive is pre-determined based on the UN partition test, Kronen test, and time / pressure test as follows: ； In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size required for explosives; X 11 This indicates the amount of sample required for the United Nations partition test. , Indicates the number of UN partition tests. This indicates the radius of the seamless carbon steel pipe. Indicates the length of the seamless carbon steel pipe; X 12 This indicates the amount of sample required for the Krona test. , This represents the compaction coefficient based on the applied pressure during the Kronen test. Indicates the number of Krona trials. Indicates the radius of the steel pipe. Indicates the length of the steel pipe; X 13 Indicates the amount of sample required for the time / pressure test. , Indicates the number of time / pressure tests. Indicates the minimum sample mass required for time / pressure testing.

4. The maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the flammable liquid is pre-determined based on the Binski closed-cup flash point test, viscosity test, boiling point test, solvent separation test, and sustained combustion test, as follows: ； In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size required for flammable liquids; X 31 This indicates the amount of sample required for the Binski closed-cup flash point test. , This represents the loss margin coefficient of the liquid during the pouring process in the Binski closed-cup flash point test. n 4 indicates the number of Binski closed-cup flash point tests. X represents the maximum volume of the container in a single test during the Binski closed-cup flash point test; 32 Indicates the amount of sample required for the viscosity test. , This represents the adsorption / residue coefficient of the liquid flowing through the nozzle orifice in a viscosity test. n 5 indicates the number of viscosity tests. V 2 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single viscosity test; X 33 This indicates the amount of sample required for the boiling point test. , This represents the loss margin coefficient of the liquid during the pouring process in a boiling point test. n 6 indicates the number of boiling point tests. V 3 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single boiling point test; X 34 This indicates the amount of sample required for the solvent separation test. , Indicates the safety margin factor. Indicates the number of solvent separation tests. V 4 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single test during the solvent separation experiment; X 35 This indicates the amount of sample required for the sustained combustion test. , This represents the loss margin coefficient of the liquid during the pouring process in a sustained combustion test. Indicates the number of continuous combustion tests. V 5 indicates the maximum volume of the container in a single test during a continuous combustion test.

5. A maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the flammable solid is pre-determined based on combustion rate tests as follows: ； In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size corresponding to flammable solids; k 2 represents the compaction coefficient in the combustion rate test; Indicates the number of tests conducted to measure the combustion rate; , , These represent the width, height, and length of the mold used in the combustion rate test, respectively. The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the substance that is prone to spontaneous combustion is determined in advance based on the self-heating substance test as follows: ； In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample size required for substances that are prone to spontaneous combustion. Indicates the number of tests conducted on self-heating substances; , , These represent the width, height, and length of the first type of cubic mold used in the self-heating substance experiment, respectively. , , These represent the width, height, and length of the second type of cubic mold used in the self-heating substance experiment, respectively. The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the substance that emits flammable gas upon contact with water is pre-determined based on the flammable gas emission test upon contact with water, as follows: ； In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample quantity required for a substance that releases flammable gases upon contact with water. This indicates the sample mass necessary for the first-stage preliminary screening test, which is used to observe whether the sample will spontaneously combust when in contact with water; This indicates the number of tests conducted in the second stage to detect the release of flammable gases upon contact with water; This indicates the sample mass required for the second-stage test to release flammable gases upon contact with water.

6. A maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision-making system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the oxidizing solid is pre-determined based on experimental calculations of the oxidizing solid as follows: ； In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size corresponding to the oxidizing solid; This represents the loss margin factor in oxidizing solid tests. Indicates the number of tests conducted on oxidizing solids; M 4 represents the mass of sample necessary to mix the oxidizing solid sample with the combustible material in the first ratio; M 5 indicates the mass of sample necessary to mix the oxidizing solid sample with the combustible material in the second ratio; The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the oxidizing liquid is pre-determined based on oxidizing liquid test calculations as follows: ； In the formula, Indicates the minimum sample size required for oxidizing liquids; This represents the loss margin factor in oxidizing liquid tests. Indicates the number of tests conducted on oxidizing liquids. M 6 indicates the mass of sample necessary to mix the oxidizing liquid sample with the combustible material in the required proportion.

7. A maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision-making system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the toxic substance is pre-determined based on acute oral toxicity animal tests, acute dermal toxicity animal tests, and acute inhalation toxicity animal tests, as follows: ； In the formula, Indicates the minimum sampling amount corresponding to a toxic substance; X 61 This indicates the amount of sample required for acute oral toxicity animal testing. , Indicates the number of animal tests conducted for acute oral toxicity. This indicates the standard weight of the animal in an acute oral toxicity animal test. M 7 represents a fixed dose of 5 mg / kg. M 8 represents a fixed dose of 50 mg / kg. M 9 represents a fixed dose of 300 mg / kg. M 10 A fixed dose of 2000 mg / kg; X 62 This indicates the amount of sample required for acute dermal toxicity animal testing. , n 15 Indicates the number of animal tests for acute dermal toxicity. m 2 represents the standard weight of the animal in the acute dermal toxicity animal test. M 11 This indicates a fixed dose of 50 mg / kg. M 12 This indicates a fixed dose of 200 mg / kg. M 13 This indicates a fixed dose of 1000 mg / kg. M 14 This indicates a fixed dose of 2000 mg / kg; X 63 This indicates the amount of sample required for acute inhalation toxicity animal testing. X 63 45g.

8. A maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision-making system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the corrosive substance that can undergo skin irritation testing is pre-determined based on skin irritation testing as follows: ； In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample size required for corrosive substances to undergo skin irritation testing; This represents the loss margin factor in skin irritation testing. Indicates the number of skin irritation tests. M 15 Indicates the mass or volume of sample required for skin irritation testing; The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the corrosive substance for which metal corrosion testing can be performed is pre-determined based on calculations for metal corrosion testing as follows: ； In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample size required for corrosive substances to be tested for metal corrosion. This indicates the safety margin factor in metal corrosion testing. Indicates the number of metal corrosion tests. V 6 indicates the sample volume required for the metal corrosion test.

9. A maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision-making system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the mapping relationship, the minimum sampling amount corresponding to the substance that releases flammable gas is pre-determined based on the gas type and concentration measurement experiment as follows: ； In the formula, This indicates the minimum sample size required for a substance that will release flammable gases. This indicates the loss margin factor for the gas type and concentration determination test. Indicates the type of gas and the number of tests conducted to determine its concentration. V 7 indicates the volume of the container used in the gas type and concentration determination experiment; The minimum sampling amount corresponding to the ammonium nitrate-based fertilizer was pre-determined based on a self-sustaining exothermic decomposition tank test as follows: ； In the formula, This indicates the minimum sampling amount required for ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers; a 4、 h 4、 l 4 represents the width, height, and length of the tank used in the trough test, respectively.

10. A maritime law enforcement dangerous goods sampling decision system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The identification device is an RFID reader, a QR code scanner, or a computer vision-based cargo identification module.

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