Ecological product value automatic accounting system construction method for plateau lake basin

Abstract

The invention discloses a plateau lake basin-oriented ecological product value automatic accounting system construction method, and the method comprises the steps: building a multi-source heterogeneous data access and standardization processing mechanism, constructing a land parcel-level ecological system classification layer and an accounting parameter library, developing a configurable accounting model assembly and an automatic scheduling engine, and carrying out the automatic accounting of the value of an ecological product. Further introducing an ecological service identification and value estimation module based on deep learning, carrying out feature extraction and mode identification on data such as remote sensing images, meteorological hydrology, land utilization and the like, and improving the perception capability of the model on the spatial distribution and evolution trend of ecological products by using a multilayer neural network and a space-time attention mechanism; and in combination with WebGIS visual display and a'accounting-feedback-application 'closed-loop linkage mechanism, full-process automation, intelligence and standardization of ecological product value accounting from data acquisition, model operation to result expression and decision support are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment informatization and ecosystem service value accounting technology, specifically to a method for constructing an automatic value accounting system for ecological products in plateau lake basins. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of the deepening of ecological civilization construction, scientifically assessing the value of ecological products and services provided by plateau lake basin ecosystems has become a crucial foundation for carrying out ecological compensation, promoting optimal resource allocation, and realizing the transformation of ecological product value. The ecological products of plateau lake basins not only encompass tangible outputs such as water resource supply and water body regulation, but also include a series of regulatory and supportive ecological services such as water purification, species habitat maintenance, and climate regulation. Systematic accounting of the value of these ecological products can provide data support and decision-making basis for formulating basin protection policies, implementing performance-oriented ecological compensation mechanisms, and supporting the construction of ecological product trading markets.

[0003] Currently, significant research findings have been accumulated both domestically and internationally in the assessment of ecosystem service value, resulting in a classification framework for ecological products based on four categories: supply, regulation, culture, and support services. Regarding accounting methods, traditional approaches such as market value, cost-for-performance, and willingness-to-pay methods are still widely used. In recent years, new technologies such as remote sensing observation, ecological model simulation, and GIS analysis have been gradually integrated, improving the objectivity and spatial resolution of ecological accounting. Some provinces and cities have already conducted regional-scale ecological product value accounting and application scenarios, providing preliminary basis for the formulation of ecological compensation standards.

[0004] However, existing technologies still face many technical bottlenecks in supporting the accounting and management of ecological products at the watershed scale, across multiple years, and in multiple scenarios. These bottlenecks are mainly reflected in the following aspects: The classification and indicator system of ecological products are not unified, and the accounting methods, scope and granularity vary greatly due to regional and departmental differences, making it difficult to achieve integrated value assessment at the watershed scale. The ability to integrate multi-source heterogeneous data is insufficient, and the data standards are not uniform, the formats are not standardized, and the spatial and temporal resolutions are inconsistent, making it difficult to efficiently support model scheduling and result verification. The existing accounting process relies heavily on manual labor, lacks automation and configurability, and is mainly based on scripts or manual operations. It is inflexible, has weak scalability, and is difficult to adapt to the needs of frequent adjustments to policy indicators. The lack of a traceable data and model version management mechanism, poor transparency of model parameters, data sources and calculation processes, is not conducive to process supervision and audit accountability. The lack of a task scheduling and result linkage mechanism makes it impossible to achieve distributed scheduling and dynamic feedback of accounting tasks in different areas within the basin, resulting in low efficiency and long cycle of basin-wide accounting. The results have limited visualization and service capabilities, lacking the ability to express, dynamically demonstrate, and thematically display the accounting results in GIS spatiotemporal terms, which affects their practical application value in ecological supervision and policy communication. The lack of a management-oriented permission and logging system, coupled with the fact that most existing systems are monolithic architectures with loose user permissions and unauditable operational behaviors, makes it difficult to meet the data security requirements of high-level environments. Currently, most ecological product valuation systems still use administrative divisions as the basic unit, failing to effectively adapt to natural geographical units such as watersheds. Taking plateau lake basins as an example, their ecosystem services span multiple administrative regions. If administrative boundaries are continued to be used as the basis for valuation, it is easy to cause problems such as duplication, omission, or inconsistency in valuation, making it difficult to support the needs of ecological governance and resource integration management centered on natural watersheds. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems by providing a method for constructing an automated accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins. This method breaks through administrative boundaries, unifies accounting standards, and achieves the standardization, automation, and intelligent upgrading of ecological product accounting within natural watershed units.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for constructing an automated accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins includes the following steps: Access and unified management of multi-source heterogeneous ecological data in plateau lake basins: Collect multi-source heterogeneous data, perform standardized processing and format conversion, and connect it to the platform's data resource center to build a unified data sharing and exchange interface, complete the data hierarchical management and dynamic update mechanism, and support data fusion and unified management across basins and administrative regions; Construction of Ecosystem Classification Layer and Accounting Parameter System: Construct a plot-level ecosystem classification layer at the watershed scale, clarify the different types of ecological units, and formulate an indicator parameter and value estimation method system for supply, regulation and cultural services based on mainstream ecosystem service assessment theories. Construct an accounting parameter library to achieve cross-administrative region and cross-time period accounting result comparison and integration. Ecological product value accounting model construction and execution engine development: Based on modular and parameterized modeling ideas, various ecological product value accounting models are encapsulated, supporting configuration-based invocation, partitioned scheduling, and parallel computing; a flexible model scheduling engine is integrated to complete the combined modeling and task graph-driven operation of various services, meeting the needs of parallel execution of multiple watershed sub-regions and joint analysis of horizontal administrative regions; Spatiotemporal analysis and visualization of accounting results: Based on the GIS platform and graphic components, a spatial distribution map, a temporal trend map, and a sensitivity analysis map of the value of ecological products are constructed to complete a multi-dimensional interactive dynamic visualization display. Ecological management application service integration and business linkage: embedding the accounting results into the business scenarios of ecological compensation accounting, performance evaluation, resource allocation, and early warning and control, and building a closed-loop mechanism of "accounting-feedback-application" for the value of ecological products; System security control and access control mechanism construction: Establish a fine-grained role-based access control mechanism, set data reading, model operation and result access permissions for different user levels, and integrate an audit log system.

[0007] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: 1. In view of the complexity and diversity of the ecosystems of plateau lake basins, a plot-level ecosystem classification layer and a multi-dimensional index parameter library were established to realize the unified expression of ecological product accounting standards on the geographical space and time scale. This breaks through the traditional accounting boundary restrictions based on administrative regions and enhances the integrability and standardization of accounting results between different lake basins and cross-administrative units. 2. By integrating multiple data sources such as remote sensing images, meteorological and hydrological data, land use data, and ecological monitoring data, an automatic access and standardized processing mechanism is constructed. This effectively adapts to the complex access requirements of multi-source heterogeneous data in plateau lake basins, significantly reduces the reliance on manual data preprocessing, and improves the timeliness and consistency of data fusion, which is superior to traditional data processing methods that rely on manual processing. 3. The U-Net learning model is introduced into the ecological product value accounting process to achieve pixel-level intelligent identification and automatic labeling of typical land features such as water bodies, wetlands, and grasslands in remote sensing images of plateau lake basins. This significantly improves the expression accuracy and spatiotemporal continuity of spatial information, provides high-quality and structured ecological input data for the accounting model, and supports the consistency of land feature identification standards in different watershed sub-regions. 4. An automatic accounting model for ecosystem products is built using modular encapsulation and parameterized configuration. Combined with task graph scheduling and a multi-threaded parallel engine, it supports the flexible combination and reuse of model components, improves the flexibility, scalability and reproducibility of model deployment, significantly reduces the configuration and execution threshold of accounting tasks, and forms an automatic accounting capability that is adapted to plateau lake basins and cross-administrative region application scenarios. 5. Construct a full-process metadata tracking and version control mechanism. The system automatically records the original data, parameter configuration, model version and accounting process logs to form a complete and traceable accounting chain, which improves the auditability and regulatory compliance of the ecological product value accounting results, supports multi-regional result comparison, cross-administrative unit accounting traceability and result mutual recognition, and is applicable to horizontal ecological compensation and supervision mechanisms. 6. For large-scale ecological accounting scenarios in plateau regions, this application constructs a parallel accounting mechanism and regional scheduling mode with plots as the basic units, which significantly improves the computing efficiency and operational stability of ecological product accounting under large data volume and high frequency, supports the distributed scheduling and joint computing of cross-regional tasks at the watershed level, and outperforms the traditional serial computing method in terms of response performance and resource scheduling. 7. Construct a closed-loop mechanism of "accounting-feedback-application" to realize the systematic linkage between accounting results and actual management operations such as ecological compensation calculation, performance evaluation, and green development assessment, promote the transformation of ecological product value from static accounting indicators to dynamic management and control tools, and enhance the practicality and governance capabilities of the ecological accounting platform in policy decision-making and resource allocation; Attached Figure Description Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method described in this application.

[0008] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction of a multi-source heterogeneous data access mechanism in the method described in this application.

[0009] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the intelligent analysis and visualization of the calculation results in the method of this application.

[0010] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction of the value accounting system in the method described in this application.

[0011] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction of a hierarchical permission and modular operation and maintenance system in the method described in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0012] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0013] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0014] Please see Figure 1-5 Methods for constructing an automated accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: Access and unified management of multi-source heterogeneous ecological data in plateau lake basins: Collect multi-source heterogeneous data, perform standardized processing and format conversion, and connect it to the platform's data resource center to build a unified data sharing and exchange interface, complete the data hierarchical management and dynamic update mechanism, and support data fusion and unified management across basins and administrative regions; Construction of Ecosystem Classification Layer and Accounting Parameter System: Construct a plot-level ecosystem classification layer at the watershed scale, clarify the different types of ecological units, and formulate an indicator parameter and value estimation method system for supply, regulation and cultural services based on mainstream ecosystem service assessment theories. Construct an accounting parameter library to achieve cross-administrative region and cross-time period accounting result comparison and integration. Ecological product value accounting model construction and execution engine development: Based on modular and parameterized modeling ideas, various ecological product value accounting models are encapsulated, supporting configuration-based invocation, partitioned scheduling, and parallel computing; a flexible model scheduling engine is integrated to complete the combined modeling and task graph-driven operation of various services, meeting the needs of parallel execution of multiple watershed sub-regions and joint analysis of horizontal administrative regions; Spatiotemporal analysis and visualization of accounting results: Based on the GIS platform and graphic components, a spatial distribution map, a temporal trend map, and a sensitivity analysis map of the value of ecological products are constructed to complete a multi-dimensional interactive dynamic visualization display. Ecological management application service integration and business linkage: embedding the accounting results into the business scenarios of ecological compensation accounting, performance evaluation, resource allocation, and early warning and control, and building a closed-loop mechanism of "accounting-feedback-application" for the value of ecological products; System security control and access control mechanism construction: Establish a fine-grained role-based access control mechanism, set data reading, model operation and result access permissions for different user levels, and integrate an audit log system.

[0015] like Figure 2 As shown, the access and unified management of multi-source heterogeneous ecological data in plateau lake basins includes the following steps: A data integration and cleaning mechanism is established. Based on the ecological and geographical characteristics of the plateau lake basin, the platform acquires the boundary coordinates of the target monitoring basin and divides the entire basin into several sub-monitoring units based on remote sensing imagery and ecological zoning rules. The system automatically accesses and updates multi-source heterogeneous ecological monitoring data associated with each sub-region according to a set collection cycle. By constructing a unified data integration interface and field mapping template, it supports batch import and standardized processing of multi-format data (such as Excel, CSV, GeoTIFF, etc.). The platform system preprocesses the raw data using rules such as field parsing, unit conversion, missing value annotation, and outlier identification. It also combines a deep learning-based data recognition model to automatically annotate and identify land cover categories and their ecological characteristics in remote sensing images, thereby forming a structured, high-quality data resource pool. The system can support data access and unified cleaning from multiple administrative regions, adapting to ecological monitoring scenarios covering multiple provinces, cities, and counties, and ensuring the ability to aggregate and integrate data across administrative regions.

[0016] In this application example, the data collection period can be set to 24 hours, 48 ​​hours, 7 days, or 30 days. The collected multi-source heterogeneous ecological monitoring data includes, but is not limited to, basic geographic data, land use data, meteorological and hydrological data, ecological survey data, and socio-economic data. The basic geographic data can be derived from satellite remote sensing images, geographic information system (GIS) platforms, and ecological databases, covering fields such as regional type, vegetation cover, ecosystem type, topographic features, and hydrological factors. The deep learning-based data identification model specifically refers to U-Net. U-Net can automatically label and segment the land cover categories (such as water bodies, grasslands, farmland, wetlands, etc.) and their ecological characteristics in multispectral remote sensing data at the pixel level, thereby constructing a structured, high-quality data resource pool that can be used for accounting.

[0017] It should be noted that the U-Net model used in this embodiment is a publicly available technology. Its structural feature is an encoder-decoder symmetric network, suitable for pixel-level segmentation tasks in remote sensing images. However, this application does not simply call upon existing models, but rather optimizes and adapts them to meet the remote sensing identification needs of complex ecological types in plateau lake basins. Specific technical improvements include: Input data adaptation enhancement: In view of the characteristics of large topographic relief and mixed vegetation types in plateau lake areas, the model input adopts multi-temporal Sentinel multispectral images and integrates derived indices such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and MNDWI (Water Index) as auxiliary channel inputs. Output labels are coupled with ecological product accounting: the model output label categories correspond one-to-one with the land cover types (such as water bodies, grasslands, farmland, wetlands, etc.) required for ecological product accounting, ensuring that the structured output can be directly used as accounting input; Plot-level spatial matching mechanism: The U-Net segmentation results are spatially gridded and automatically aligned with the plot-level ecosystem delineation layer to form spatially consistent ecological feature distribution data; Integration and correction mechanism with human data: The system compares and analyzes the manually entered data with the U-Net prediction results, and constructs a deviation detection model (such as IoU overlap rate and boundary difference assessment). When the two are inconsistent, the system automatically triggers data marking or prompts correction, thereby constructing a "remote sensing-human" collaborative mechanism.

[0018] Through the above steps, a complete data integration and cleaning chain covering data access, quality control, intelligent identification, feedback correction, and structured storage is constructed, ensuring that the ecological product value accounting system for plateau lake basins has a high-quality, unified standard, and dynamically controllable digital foundation. Compared with the traditional method of relying on manual reporting and offline verification, this application closely integrates the complex ecological characteristics and watershed diversity monitoring needs of plateau lake basins, introducing remote sensing partitioning and deep learning recognition mechanisms into large-scale cross-administrative region ecological accounting scenarios. The platform not only supports automated access and standardized cleaning of multi-source heterogeneous ecological monitoring data, but also, based on the U-Net deep convolutional neural network model, achieves pixel-level identification and automatic annotation of ecological features such as water bodies, wetlands, grasslands, and farmland in remote sensing images, effectively compensating for problems such as sparse manual sampling and data lag, and greatly improving the resolution, completeness, and reliability of data spatial representation. In addition to the above features, this application relies on a sub-monitoring unit partitioning strategy to decompose the complex terrain of plateau lake basins into manageable data grid units, improving the parallelism of data processing while realizing regional traceability and refined organization and management of accounting input data. The automatic execution of standard field mapping and anomaly detection mechanisms avoids common problems such as duplicate accounting, chaotic classification, or missing key fields, ensuring the consistency and high quality of data input and providing solid support for the accurate operation of subsequent ecosystem product value models.

[0019] In the practical application of this application, the Erhai Lake Basin in Yunnan Province was used as a demonstration area to construct a standardized access and cleaning mechanism covering multi-source heterogeneous ecological data. The system first acquires the geographic coordinates and sub-monitoring unit division map within the boundary of the Erhai Lake Basin. Using remote sensing imagery and ecological zoning rules, the entire Erhai Lake Basin is divided into 37 sub-monitoring units, with spatial resolution accuracy controlled within 30 meters. The platform sets a data collection cycle for the Erhai Lake Basin in 48-hour increments and automatically accesses data sources including Sentinel-2 remote sensing images, regional meteorological station hydrological monitoring data, ecological baseline survey reports, and socio-economic statistics. Data formats include Excel, GeoTIFF, and CSV. The platform completes preliminary standardization processing through field recognition and unit conversion templates. During remote sensing image analysis, the system calls the optimized U-Net model to perform land cover segmentation and ecological feature identification on multi-temporal images from June to September 2023, accurately extracting the distribution patterns of ecological land parcels such as wetlands, water bodies, farmland, and grasslands along the Erhai Lake shoreline. The model was trained using historical manually labeled samples from the Dianchi, Fuxian Lake, and Erhai Lake basins, combined with NDVI and MNDWI derived indices as auxiliary channels to improve the model's ability to distinguish between water bodies and vegetation. The final output pixel-level classification map achieved an accuracy exceeding 89.2%, significantly outperforming traditional manual interpretation methods. Regarding data feedback and issue tracking, the system detected two missing fields and one abnormal unit record (mg / L incorrectly entered as...) in the "Eryuan County Ecological Environment Report 2023Q3". The platform uses the ` / datareceiver / feedback / push` interface to feedback problematic data to the data reporting unit. The responsible personnel must complete the correction within 48 hours and return the data to the system via the ` / datareceiver / feedback / pull` interface. The system then completes the data replacement and log registration, achieving a closed-loop process for data verification.

[0020] like Figure 4 As shown, the construction of the ecosystem classification layer and accounting parameter system includes the following steps: This paper constructs an ecological product value accounting system adapted to plateau lake basins. Based on the national "GEP Accounting Technical Guidelines" and integrating local ecological characteristics of plateau lake regions such as Yunnan, it establishes an ecological product accounting indicator system oriented towards watershed governance scenarios. This system adopts a four-level indicator structure (product type—ecosystem type—service type—accounting item), covering the physical quantity and value accounting items of supply-type, regulation-type, and cultural ecological products. Each indicator clearly defines the applicable ecosystem type (e.g., plateau wetlands, alpine meadows, mountain forests) and regional spatial boundaries, supporting dynamic expansion, version management, and model binding. Through this module, the system achieves consistent, structured, and adaptable expression of ecological product accounting standards in plateau lake regions.

[0021] An ecological product accounting parameter library is established. Based on the needs of ecological product value accounting, the system constructs a supporting parameter database covering key model parameters such as ecological area, organic carbon content, and soil conservation. The parameter library supports operations such as adding, editing, historical tracing, and exporting parameters, providing flexible and configurable parameter support for accounting tasks. This design improves model calling efficiency and accounting controllability through parameter standardization and configuration management mechanisms.

[0022] Based on the needs of ecological product accounting, a multi-source driven ecological parameter database is constructed, employing a three-stage strategy of "indicator hierarchicalization—parameter modeling—version control" to establish the ecological product accounting parameter library. Specifically, this includes: Hierarchical mapping modeling of indicators: Based on the GEP accounting indicator system, the required parameters for each of the supply-type, regulation-type, and cultural-type ecological products are sorted out, and a mapping relationship table of "indicator-parameter" is established (e.g., water conservation services → soil infiltration rate, forest coverage rate, etc.), and the spatial / temporal applicable range of each parameter is recorded; Multi-source parameter construction mechanism: Parameter data can come from ecological surveys, remote sensing estimations, statistical yearbooks and model simulation results. The platform supports structured import and records parameter sources, update cycles and confidence intervals through a metadata annotation mechanism. Parameter standardization management mechanism: Construct a parameter normalization module to support unit conversion (e.g., g / kg ↔ %), spatial resolution registration (e.g., county level → plot level), and time smoothing processing (e.g., moving average) to ensure consistency of different parameter sources under the same indicator; Parameter configuration and dynamic loading capabilities: The parameter library supports task-level model call configuration, and can automatically load the required parameter combinations according to region / model / service type for different accounting tasks, improving the flexibility and efficiency of accounting. Historical version tracing and source tracking mechanism: The parameter library integrates a version control mechanism to record the person responsible for each parameter modification, timestamp, and differences, and allows rollback to historical versions to ensure the auditability of results; Compared with the traditional method of manually entering parameters in the form of tables, which lacks structured management and version tracking, this invention provides a configurable, traceable and automatically invoked ecological parameter management mechanism, realizing the standardization, structuring and modularization of accounting input data, and significantly improving the accuracy and automation level of ecological model operation.

[0023] The system allows users to create accounting tasks and workbenches annually, specifying the accounting area (nine major plateau lake basins), ecosystem type, and accounting system. Compared to traditional methods that rely on manual area delineation and parameter input, this invention utilizes a remote sensing and layer information-based accounting area recommendation mechanism, an automatic ecosystem type identification algorithm, and a task template reuse mechanism. This enables intelligent configuration and standardized management of the entire accounting task process, from creation to execution, improving operational efficiency and management consistency in complex scenarios such as plateau lake basins. Furthermore, the system supports a "basin zoning priority" strategy for task creation. When administrative regions overlap, the system prioritizes defining monitoring units and statistical standards based on natural watershed boundaries, ensuring consistency and comparability of accounting tasks within the same watershed across different jurisdictions. After creation, the task automatically generates workflow nodes in the "Accounting Workbench," including data entry, confirmation, model parameter confirmation, intelligent accounting, and result publication. Workflow visualization and status tracking enhance the system's ease of operation and task execution controllability.

[0024] After data verification and model parameter validation, the system retrieves the ecological product accounting survey data processed by the data cleaning module and organizes experts or the data responsible unit to verify each item. Once the data review is passed, the system automatically loads the model parameters required for the task and allows adjustments based on actual conditions. Through this integrated verification mechanism, high-quality calibration of data and parameters is achieved, significantly improving the reliability of the data before accounting.

[0025] The system performs automated accounting of ecological products at the plot level. Based on preset accounting tasks and confirmed parameter configurations, it automatically starts the accounting engine and calculates the physical quantity and value of various ecological products at the plot level (with manually set grids, such as 30m×30m grids). The accounting model adopts a modular encapsulation and parameterized configuration approach, dynamically invoked according to ecosystem type, and supports multi-regional, multi-threaded parallel processing. The system summarizes the GEP accounting results of each lake and ecological unit in real time, forming a complete and structured database of sub-items value. Through this module, the platform significantly improves accounting efficiency and end-to-end tracking capabilities, supporting cross-basin synchronous execution and comparative analysis.

[0026] The system outputs and publishes the accounting results, displaying them according to primary and secondary indicators to differentiate between different lake and ecosystem types. It shows specific data on physical quantity and value, and supports result export and sharing. After manual review and confirmation by the audit mechanism, the results enter the publication process. The system supports recording and tracking audit comments to ensure the legality and standardization of the published data.

[0027] The calculation of the physical quantity and value of various ecological products based on the precision of land parcels specifically includes: General formula for calculating ecological products: For any watershed area Ecosystem types Time point The value of ecological products The calculation is as follows: , in, Represents a unit of time area The physical quantity of ecological products of various types, including water conservation volume, carbon sequestration volume, and output volume; It represents the unit value corresponding to the physical quantity, including unit output value, unit substitution cost, market reference price, etc. This represents the total value of calculated ecological products (unit: yuan / region·time). Typical ecological product accounting model: Differentiated accounting models are constructed for different service types classified as supply, regulation, and culture, and automatic accounting is performed through parameter library driving and land-scale model calling: Supply-type ecological product accounting model: Supply-type products refer to physical resources directly provided by the ecosystem, such as green agricultural products and water resources. The accounting is based on the cumulative area of ​​the land plot and the yield per unit area. The system automatically extracts arable land or water body units and loads matching yield parameters according to the ecological type. Taking green agricultural products as an example, the formula for calculating the physical quantity is: , in, For the first The planting area of ​​each plot of land, The system assigns yield per plot area; it supports dynamic value assignment based on crop type and planting system. The system estimates value using unit output value parameters from market prices or statistical yearbooks. ; Accounting Model for Regulatory Ecological Products: Regulatory products refer to the services provided by ecosystems in regulating natural processes, such as water conservation, climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and oxygen release. The accounting focuses on the physical regulatory capacity and indirect economic value of the ecosystem. Taking water conservation services as an example, the system estimates the water conservation capacity per unit area using a hydrological element model. , in, Annual precipitation The conservation coefficient (set according to land cover type). Surface runoff, This represents total evapotranspiration; all variables are driven by remote sensing and meteorological data accessed by the platform. Value is determined using the "alternative engineering cost method." , in, This represents the construction and operation cost of water supply projects per unit of water conservation volume; the system has built-in replacement cost parameters for each region to ensure that spatial differences are perceptible. Similarly, the value of carbon sequestration services is calculated by multiplying the ecological carbon sink volume by the carbon price, and supports dynamic updates based on the integrated carbon trading market price.

[0028] Accounting Model for Cultural Ecological Products: Cultural services emphasize the role of ecosystems in non-material value aspects such as tourism, education, and aesthetics. Since these services are difficult to quantify directly, this application adopts the travel cost method and the willingness-to-pay method as the main valuation paths. Taking ecotourism services as an example, its value model is as follows: , in, For the number of tourists received annually, , , These are transportation costs, service fees, and time costs. Data comes from statistical yearbooks, scenic area reports, and survey questionnaires. The system supports intelligent identification of scenic area boundaries using elevation, topography, and land use layers, and dynamically updates visitor numbers to improve valuation accuracy.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the spatiotemporal analysis and visualization of the accounting results specifically include the following steps: Based on the results of ecological product accounting, an ecological product value visualization module is constructed. It comprehensively utilizes GIS maps and data charts to display the GEP of the nine plateau lake basins, the GEP sub-values ​​of different ecosystem types (such as wetlands, forests, grasslands, farmland, and towns), and the value contribution of each sub-indicator. And historical trends; the calculation methods for the total value of ecological products and the value contribution of the target are as follows: , , in, Indicates the first The lake area and its ecosystem type are: (Such as wetlands, forests, grasslands, farmland, towns, etc.) in time The value of ecological products; In the process of constructing the ecological product value visualization display module, multi-dimensional ecological accounting results are integrated to build a dynamic map expression system. Compared with traditional static maps, this module maps the physical quantity and value index data of ecological products to the GIS layer in real time, supports the classification and itemized GEP display of different ecosystem types (such as wetlands, forests, etc.), and has higher data granularity and graphic adaptability.

[0030] This project establishes a mapping relationship between accounting results and policy evaluation systems, builds a "Decision-Making Instructions" module to connect GEP results with the ecological value realization index evaluation indicator system, provides indicator basis for the evaluation of the construction and management procedures of practice innovation bases, achieves logical unity and application synergy of ecological value assessment across multiple lakes, regions, and administrative entities, supports users in viewing evaluation indicator interpretations, downloading management procedure documents, and provides ecological value realization index construction benefit evaluation data for different lake regions. The mapping function between ecological product value and ecological value realization index is also established. This makes the GEP result Ecological Value Realization Index Set Logical connections: , in, The system maps weighting factors to indicators; it supports online viewing of the definitions and calculation methods of each indicator, and links to the Yunnan Ecological Value Realization Index Practice Base Management Regulations document. The output evaluation indicators support the formulation of ecological development policies and the assessment of regional green development effectiveness.

[0031] Construct a "performance evaluation" module to embed the results of ecological product value accounting into the performance function. Based on Yunnan Province's county-level ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation standards, this system quantitatively assesses the high-quality development and high-level protection of the watershed ecosystem; it supports viewing various performance indicators, downloading management documents, and comparing historical performance; and it conducts value simulation predictions under different development scenarios to assist in future development path decisions, including performance functions. The calculation formula is: , , in, This represents the set of ecological environment quality indicators for the region. This represents a set of socio-economic development indicators; Establish structural analysis, spatiotemporal analysis, and potential analysis modules to decompose and interpret GEP accounting results, analyze the composition of ecological products and their evolutionary trends in the time dimension, the differences in spatial dimensions, and potential growth space, and introduce multi-layer neural networks and spatiotemporal attention mechanisms to complete intelligent analysis and prediction of ecosystem structural evolution, temporal trends, and growth potential. The structural, temporal, and spatial potential analysis of GEP (Gross Ecosystem Product) accounting results is achieved by introducing multilayer neural networks (MLP) and spatio-temporal attention mechanisms. Compared with traditional statistical analysis methods, this approach has stronger predictive and nonlinear modeling capabilities.

[0032] Construct a data service system oriented towards multiple users and multiple permissions, supporting data access and visual querying for both management and public ends, providing large-screen display, online preview, and report export services, ensuring that different management units can access, share, and dynamically feedback data according to their permissions in cross-administrative boundary watershed accounting. Enhance the applicability and security of accounting results under the framework of watershed co-governance.

[0033] The structural analysis module is used to identify key ecosystem types, with the system using value contribution rate. As the core indicator, measuring the first Year The first in the region The relative importance of eco-products in total GEP; The time-series analysis module employs a multi-layer neural network model to learn trends from historical accounting results of various ecological products. Combined with a spatiotemporal attention mechanism, it automatically extracts key driving factors for changes in indicators across different regions. Compared to traditional moving averages and exponential smoothing methods, it more accurately captures nonlinear fluctuations and inflection point evolution, enabling predictive modeling of ecosystem succession trends. The multi-layer neural network structure is shown below: , in, Indicates the first The first region Eco-like products in time The predictive value; This represents the historical GEP calculation value; Spatiotemporal attention mechanisms are used to extract key driving factors from historical time series. This is a multilayer perceptron regression module used for trend prediction. The spatial analysis module constructs a spatial density map of the value of ecological products, using the following density expression: , in, Indicates the first The first in the region The system measures the area of ​​ecosystems; it combines GIS visualization technology to display the spatial distribution patterns and differences of different ecological products in various regions, and helps to identify areas with high value concentration and sparse areas.

[0034] The potential analysis module integrates external driving variables such as land type, population, and industry. A multiple regression model is constructed to predict the potential growth potential of the value of ecological products. The module calculation method is as follows: , in, Indicates the first An external factor, For regression coefficients, This represents the residual term. This module can identify the growth potential of different ecosystem types in future development, providing data support for resource allocation optimization and development bottleneck identification.

[0035] By constructing a visualization module, the system systematically presents the structural distribution and dynamic evolution of the ecological product value accounting results, solving the problems of the traditional accounting results' singular presentation methods and high comprehension threshold. The "Decision-Making Integration" module links the accounting results with the "Two Mountains Index" policy system, overcoming the technical bottleneck that makes it difficult for ecological accounting results to serve macro-level decision-making. The "Assessment Integration" module embeds the accounting results into the performance evaluation system, promoting the practical application and transformation of ecological product value in ecological governance. The three-dimensional analysis module of structure, space-time, and potential delves into the connotation of the accounting results, enhancing the understanding of the ecosystem's operational mechanisms and changing trends. Finally, the multi-access service system improves the system's ability to disseminate results and the breadth of its governance support.

[0036] This step effectively addresses the practical problem of "difficulty in connecting and implementing" the results of ecological product value accounting in management decision-making. It provides an integrated platform to support the scientific expression of ecological value, policy transformation, performance evaluation, and future planning, thereby enhancing the social value and practical influence of ecological product accounting results.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, the construction of a system security control and access control mechanism includes the following steps: A unified system management framework is established, constructing a multi-dimensional basic information management system centered on users, institutions, roles, and permissions. The system supports user authentication, organizational structure modeling, role template definition, and permission policy configuration, covering various ecological management participants involved in platform operation. Addressing the multi-level, multi-domain, and multi-role management needs in the accounting tasks of plateau lake basins, the system can flexibly set the institutional affiliation of users (Department of Ecology and Environment, prefectural-level water resources bureau, county-level forestry station, etc.) and allocate permissions such as access to accounting tasks, model operation, and result download based on their responsibility type, forming a user permission management model of "hierarchical management, unified supervision, and dynamic allocation." This mechanism is particularly suitable for scenarios such as the Erhai Lake basin where there is cross-county and multi-departmental collaborative governance, effectively supporting the accounting platform's role division and permission isolation across multiple basins and administrative regions. Within the system management framework, a further permission association mechanism is configured, employing a four-level binding model of "user—role—permission—menu." An explicit mapping table allows for fine-grained control over each user's access path, functional operations, and data scope. The system supports granular access configuration based on accounting type, ecological region, and model category, ensuring safe operation within the authorized scope of different users and preventing unauthorized access. For cross-regional watersheds such as Erhai Lake, the platform supports a multi-role parallel authorization mechanism. For example, users within the same county-level unit can simultaneously hold the role labels of "reporter" and "accounting auditor." Permission conflicts between different roles are automatically resolved by the system, generating a control matrix. This mechanism not only ensures the logical consistency and security of system function calls but also provides a solid foundation for the platform to support cross-regional, cross-functional, and multi-level collaboration. The system integrates various operation and maintenance sub-modules, including operation log management, data source management, holiday management, module start / stop control, and cache monitoring, constructing an operation and maintenance system that supports the platform's full lifecycle management. The system operation log module can record user operation events, model call records, and data access behaviors in real time, supporting multi-condition screening and export auditing based on user, time, region, and task dimensions. The data source management module supports unified monitoring of the access status, update time, and interface call status of local and remote ecological data sources, ensuring the stable acquisition of ecological, meteorological, and hydrological data upon which accounting depends. In particular, the platform supports a multi-regional hierarchical log auditing strategy: at the Erhai Lake basin level, the system allows administrators to view the data access records and model operation history of all users within their jurisdiction; at the prefecture and provincial levels, under regulatory authority, they can audit, issue warnings, and authorize interventions for accounting tasks in all subordinate sub-regions. Through this mechanism, the system achieves full-process, traceable, and differentiated auditing from the platform level to the regional level to the task level, improving the stability, security, and regulatory response speed of the plateau lake accounting platform under multi-regional collaboration. The system management module provides fine-grained operation configuration functions, supporting administrators to precisely control and dynamically adjust user behavior and permission policies. Its functions include, but are not limited to: customizing user registration information fields and configuring approval rules; setting multi-level binding and hierarchical inheritance logic for organizational tree structures; adding / copying / deleting role templates; managing permission binding between roles and operation interfaces (such as RESTful interface-level read / write control); and setting permission revocation policies (such as periodic permission verification and automatic expiration mechanisms). Construct a unified data structure mapping relationship table system, covering user information table, role and permission table, function menu table, organization table, department button / menu / interface relationship table, etc., to ensure the consistency and integrity of system operation data, support the interoperability and collaborative operation of different regional organizational structures on a unified platform, and provide underlying support for platform expansion and integration; The system employs a permission restriction mechanism, limiting access to the management backend and core configuration modules to users with the "system administrator" role. This prevents ordinary users from unauthorized access to critical parameters or structural settings, thus building the first line of defense for data security. For high-value ecological data in critical ecological areas such as plateau lake basins, the system integrates a periodic backup mechanism and a one-click recovery function. It supports regular snapshot archiving of user data tables, accounting result tables, parameter database tables, and task workflow tables, and can quickly restore to any historical version in the event of system anomalies or data corruption. Furthermore, the system design supports differentiated backup and disaster recovery strategies based on watershed, region, or task dimensions, meeting the data isolation and independent recovery requirements for parallel accounting tasks across multiple administrative regions.

[0038] This step, by constructing a unified system management platform, achieves fine-grained control from users and roles to permissions, solving the problem of difficult collaborative management among multiple roles and organizations in the ecological product value accounting system. Through operation and maintenance sub-modules such as logs, modules, and caches, the platform's systemic management capabilities and high availability are enhanced. Unified management of data structures and permission mapping design improves data consistency and the security of permission operations. Flexible permission configuration and operation authorization enhance the controllability and operability of the system during use. It effectively addresses issues faced by ecological environment platforms in the management process, such as multi-user permission conflicts, unclear data flow, and limited platform expansion, providing comprehensive guarantees for the stable operation, security control, and continuous upgrades of the system.

[0039] It also includes a methodology for constructing a system of ecological product valuation methods for plateau lake basins, which includes the following steps: An ecological asset accounting module is constructed, with wetlands, forests, grasslands, and farmland as basic units. Ecological asset accounts are established for each type of asset, and physical quantities are obtained by combining survey statistics or field monitoring data. Accounting is carried out in accordance with relevant national, industry, local, or group standards. In terms of value, the net present value method is uniformly adopted, and the value of various types of ecosystem assets is estimated by combining the sustainable functioning period of ecosystem services, the discount rate, and the results of the GEP flow account. In this embodiment, the computer system automatically constructs corresponding ecological asset accounts based on ecological units such as wetlands, forests, grasslands, and farmland by calling the ecological asset accounting module. The module classifies and identifies each ecological unit based on predefined spatial layers and land use coding standards, and automatically extracts survey statistics or field monitoring data for the corresponding area as the raw input for the physical quantity of ecological assets by calling the data access interface. The accounting module embeds a standard matching engine for comparing and adapting to national, industry, local, or group standard rules required for ecological asset accounting. The program automatically executes the physical quantity accounting process based on the matching results, generating a structured accounting list. Regarding value estimation, the system embeds a Net Present Value (NPV) algorithm module. This module receives the ecosystem service duration T, the discount rate r, and the annual value of ecological products and services Ct (from the GEP flow account), and calculates the present value of ecosystem assets based on the following formula:

[0040] Where: C t Let r represent the value of ecosystem services in year t; r represent the annual discount rate; and T represent the duration of the service.

[0041] The calculation results will be collected and stored according to the ecological unit category, forming a structured ecological asset valuation result table, which can be used for subsequent retrieval, display or visualization output.

[0042] An ecological product supply accounting module is constructed, classifying ecological products into three categories: green products, conventional biomass, and water resources. The output of each category is statistically analyzed, and value accounting is carried out in conjunction with market price or added value data. Green products are mainly sourced from organic agriculture, ecological fisheries, and green animal husbandry. Conventional biomass covers the general material output of farmland, wetlands, grasslands, and forest ecosystems. Water resources are statistically analyzed based on the water supply and corresponding water prices for residential, industrial, and agricultural water use. The system first labels the input area with resource types using an ecological product classification configuration file, and automatically divides it into three accounting units: green products, conventional biomass, and water resources. 1. Green Products Submodule: Based on the organic agriculture zone, ecological fishery zone, and green livestock zone marked in the spatial data, the program calls the annual output data of the corresponding ecological plots and, in conjunction with the market price database or the regional average added value indicator, executes the following estimation logic:

[0043] Among them, Q i Let P represent the annual output of the i-th type of green product. i This indicates the corresponding market unit price.

[0044] 2. Conventional Biomass Submodule: For ecological units such as farmland, wetlands, grasslands, and forests, the system calls upon their remote sensing identification area and average unit output to calculate the supply of conventional materials, and then estimates the value of their ecological products in conjunction with reference prices.

[0045] 3. Water Resources Submodule: The system parses the category tags of residential water use, industrial water use, and agricultural water use, and extracts the water supply volume W by category from the water supply database. j and corresponding water price P j The value of the water supply is estimated using the following formula:

[0046] After the above three sub-modules have finished running, the system will output the supply value results of various ecological products respectively, and collect them into the supply value result table to support subsequent accounting and merging, visualization display or report generation.

[0047] An ecosystem service value accounting module is constructed, covering twelve service types: water conservation, soil conservation, flood control, air purification, water purification, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance, leisure tourism, landscape enhancement, and science and education functions. Each service is assigned physical quantity indicators and value estimation methods, and scientific accounting is carried out using methods such as the RUSLE model, hydrological model, geographic information system analysis, market value method, substitution cost method, and travel cost method. A unified indicator and algorithm support system is constructed, and an accounting indicator system covering resource stock, product supply, and service functions is built. Air and water purification functions are valued by multiplying the amount of pollutants purified by the unit treatment cost. Climate regulation services are valued by the equivalent energy consumption conversion method. Ecological carbon sequestration and oxygen release functions are monetized by carbon market prices and oxygen production costs. The accounting results are integrated to form an ecological product value accounting database, and the accounting results of various ecological assets and ecological services are uniformly summarized into a standardized database.

[0048] By constructing a three-tiered indicator system of resources, products, and services, the system can achieve multi-source data collection, classification, quantitative accounting, and value transformation of ecological products, providing scientific basis and technical support for the management, assessment, and ecological compensation of ecological products in plateau lake basins.

[0049] In this embodiment, the ecological asset accounting module uses a computer system to call a series of sub-modules to realize the spatial identification, indicator extraction, and physical quantity accounting of ecological assets, mainly including the following steps: The system first uses a spatial recognition engine to extract basic information on regional ecological plots from the national ecological monitoring database and local ecological resource archives, and automatically interfaces it with land use remote sensing image data and ecological protection red line delineation results layers. Then, the program employs land cover interpretation algorithms and spatial overlap analysis methods to perform the following operations in sequence: Remote sensing image interpretation: Identifying the cover boundaries and land use attributes of various ecosystems; Red line constraint matching: Compare with the ecological red line layer to select spatial units to be included in the accounting scope; Spatial Unit Database Construction: The identified ecological units are coded as "ecological unit IDs" and a spatial basic database is established, with fields including ecological type, boundary coordinates, polygon area, and protection level.

[0050] Each ecological asset unit serves as the spatial basis for subsequent accounting, is recorded in the "Ecological Asset Account Table," and serves as the spatial input source for the physical quantity accounting and value estimation modules.

[0051] The system utilizes the "Physical Quantity Indicator Construction Submodule" to establish indicator templates for wetland, forest, grassland, and farmland ecosystems, covering five core indicators: resource area, stock volume, number of biological species, water quality indicators, and habitat quality indicators. Addressing the differences in ecosystem types, the system employs survey and statistical methods, remote sensing interpretation, and integrates image analysis modules to extract land cover structure and water area data, along with on-site monitoring methods for data collection. For missing or difficult-to-collect indicator values, the system utilizes the "Intelligent Interpolation Submodule," prioritizing expert experience estimation methods based on configuration, and supplementing this with machine learning model interpolation to complete the data.

[0052] After constructing the physical quantity indicators, the "Value Accounting Submodule" is invoked to perform a monetary valuation of ecological assets based on the net present value method. The current accounting year is defined as the starting year for the assessment. Combined with the recommended discount rate, the present value of future service flows is calculated to reflect the long-term value of the sustainable supply of ecological assets, thus determining the value of the ecological assets. The calculation uses the net present value method, and the formula is as follows: , in, Indicates the total value of ecological assets; Indicates the first The value provided by annual ecosystem services; This represents the discount rate, with a value ranging from 2% to 5%. Indicates the starting year of the accounting; Indicates the year in which the service ceased to function; Based on the physical quantity indicators of each type of ecosystem, Ct is generated by combining a unit price reference library or valuation parameter model, and the discount calculation is automatically performed year by year according to the above formula. The calculation results will be written into the "Ecological Asset Value Result Table" in the format of "Ecological Unit ID - Type - NPV Value - Discount Rate - Start Year - End Year" for subsequent policy evaluation, compensation calculation or visualization display.

[0053] Introducing GEP accounting results, the value of ecosystem service flows is incorporated into asset valuation; for wetland assets, multiple value dimensions are distinguished, including water resources, water quality, biodiversity, and natural shoreline; for forest and grassland assets, the focus is on estimating their ecological functions such as carbon sequestration, biological habitat, and water conservation; for farmland assets, the service value is calculated by comprehensively considering green planting area, pollution control indicators, and ecological production capacity. The "Service Flow Valuation Module" allows for differentiated valuation strategies for different types of ecosystem assets, combining ecological function dimensions and spatial unit attributes to form a multi-factor valuation model. Details are as follows: (1) Wetland asset valuation model: multi-functional value superposition Based on GEP results and regional spatial delineation, the system categorizes wetland asset valuation into multiple value dimensions, including water resource supply, water purification, biodiversity maintenance, and natural shoreline. The following water supply service value model is primarily used:

[0054] Where: V water Q: Value of wetland water supply (RMB); Q: Total annual supply of wetland water resources ( P: Theoretical unit price of water supply in the region ( (), which comes from water resource pricing models or policy guidance values.

[0055] The system calls the water volume simulation module to calculate Q and combines it with the regional water price database to obtain P, thus completing the individual valuation of wetland water resource functions. Other functional values ​​(such as water purification and biodiversity) are provided by the service type sub-items in the GEP module. The system sums up the values ​​of various service flows according to their weights to form the total wetland service valuation.

[0056] (2) Forest and grassland asset valuation model: carbon sink and ecosystem service function The valuation of forest and grassland assets focuses on carbon sequestration capacity, water conservation function, and the value of biological habitats. The system calls the "carbon sink valuation submodule" to calculate the value of carbon sinks. The core model is as follows:

[0057] Where: V carbon C: Estimated carbon sequestration capacity (RMB); C: Annual carbon sequestration (tons) ); Pc Carbon market trading price (yuan / ton) Annual carbon fixation C can be estimated using the following formula:

[0058] Where: A: Ecological unit area (ha); α: Carbon fixation factor per unit area (ha); ), which is determined based on the ecosystem type and region.

[0059] The system automatically extracts the area and ecological parameters of ecological units, and combines them with real-time carbon market price data to complete the carbon sequestration valuation of forests and grasslands.

[0060] (3) Farmland asset valuation model: weighted estimation of green planting and pollution control For farmland assets, the system calls the "Agricultural Ecosystem Service Valuation Module" to calculate the service value by comprehensively considering the green planting area (such as organic certified farmland), pollution control indicators (pesticide residues, nitrogen and phosphorus emissions), and ecological production capacity (energy consumption per unit output, etc.).

[0061] The system uses a scoring function or machine learning regression model to comprehensively map the above factors into an annual ecosystem service value Ct, which is then input into the net present value (NPV) model:

[0062] The construction of the ecological product supply accounting module includes: establishing an ecological product supply classification system based on the formation mechanism and supply path of ecological products. Ecological products are divided into three major categories: green products, conventional biomass products, and water resource supply, corresponding to the material output functions of different ecosystems such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries, wetlands, and aquatic systems. The classification terminology is standardized by referring to the "National Economic Industry Classification" and the "Ecosystem Services Classification (CICES)" standards to avoid double counting.

[0063] Establish a physical quantity accounting model for green products. Using data from agriculture, rural affairs, animal husbandry, and fisheries departments, calculate the annual output of green organic agriculture, ecological fisheries, and ecological animal husbandry during the accounting period; combine this with green certification information to screen eligible ecological products. Use an aggregation algorithm to obtain the total supply of green products. For missing output items, use the industry proportion method or correlation regression method to estimate them.

[0064] In this embodiment, the system uses the "Green Product Physical Quantity Calculation Submodule" to perform quantity statistics and missing item estimation of the green ecological products that can be supplied in the ecosystem, thereby realizing the structured calculation of the total supply of green products.

[0065] (1) Access to green product output data The system first connects to multi-source industry databases from agricultural management departments, animal husbandry management departments, and aquaculture and fisheries management departments through standard data interfaces to extract output data for ecological industries such as green organic agriculture, ecological fisheries, and ecological animal husbandry within the accounting period (e.g., year / quarter). The system matches fields according to the configuration template, uniformly converts them into the format of "product name - ecological type - output (tons) - place of origin code - timestamp", and writes them into the "green product raw data table".

[0066] (2) Green certification data screening The system synchronously connects to the Green Food Certification Center and the Green Product Database, loading green product certification information (such as organic product codes, organic certification validity periods, etc.). The program automatically filters certified products that match the original production records and marks them as statistical objects that "comply with green ecological standards." Non-certified products are not included in the accounting to ensure the traceability and compliance of the green product accounting results.

[0067] (3) Algorithm for summing green products In the filtered dataset, the system uses an aggregation algorithm to calculate the total supply of green and eco-friendly products during the accounting period:

[0068] Among them: Q green Total supply of green products (tons); q i : The output of the i-th type of green certified products. The summed result will be used as the input variable for the subsequent value estimation module.

[0069] (4) Missing data estimation mechanism For regions or product categories lacking production data, the system automatically invokes the "Production Interpolation Submodule," supporting the following two estimation strategies: Industry proportion method: Based on provincial / municipal industrial structure statistics, the current period output is estimated according to the industry proportion of the same period of the previous year; Correlation regression method: Using relevant variables (such as sown area, fertilizer usage, and animal feed quantity) as input, a regression model is established to predict yield, as expressed below:

[0070] in The target output estimate is x1 to x2. m These are statistical indicators for related industries.

[0071] The forecast results will be written to the "Estimated Yield" field, and the source type ("Model Forecast" or "Proportion Estimation") will be indicated to ensure traceability of the accounting process.

[0072] In this embodiment, the ecological product supply accounting module is further subdivided into a "green product value accounting submodule" and a "conventional biomass physical quantity accounting submodule", which are used to process the monetary valuation of green agricultural products and the production statistics and deduplication of conventional ecological materials, respectively.

[0073] (1) Calculation of the value of green products The system calculates the total economic value of certified green agricultural products within the accounting period by calling the "Green Product Value Estimation Module". The specific system process is as follows: ① Market price and output value extraction: The program extracts the following information about the target green product during the accounting period from statistical yearbooks, agricultural product price platforms, and agricultural economic annual reports issued by management departments: average market price (yuan / ton); total output value (yuan); and unit added value (yuan / ton). The system prioritizes using the "unit price × quantity" method for estimation:

[0074] Where: V green Total value of green products (yuan); q i : Output of the i-th type of green product; p i : Corresponding market price. If output value or unit added value is available, alternative valuation is supported.

[0075] ② Modification of the zoned pricing model: Considering the significant regional differences or price fluctuations in some green products, the system introduces a "regional pricing correction module," which divides the country into price zones (such as East China, North China, and Southwest China), loads a regional correction coefficient θregion, and adjusts the valuation results accordingly.

[0076] The system matches the product's country of origin code with the regional price coefficient library, automatically corrects the valuation, and enhances the regional adaptability and accuracy of the estimate.

[0077] (2) Accounting for the physical quantity of conventional biomass products The system uses a "conventional biomass accounting submodule" to statistically analyze the conventional ecological material outputs in the ecosystem, excluding green products. Product types include, but are not limited to: farmland systems: straw, grain by-products, etc.; grassland systems: forage grass, natural feed; forest systems: firewood, forest by-products (such as pine resin, fungi, nuts, etc.); wetland systems: reeds, aquatic plants, and other natural resources.

[0078] ① Data statistics: The system retrieves biomass output data for each ecosystem within the accounting period by connecting to sources such as agricultural and rural statistical yearbooks, forestry ecological statistical yearbooks, and grassland monitoring systems. The results are uniformly structured as follows: product name; ecosystem source; annual output (tons); timestamp; data source identifier.

[0079] ② Eliminate duplicate entries: To ensure accounting independence, the system introduces a "green product deduplication mechanism," which automatically compares the product name, category, origin, and time information between green product production records and regular biomass records. If overlaps are found, the product is marked and excluded from the regular statistical scope. Rules can be set: "Prioritize inclusion in the green product category, do not count duplicates in the regular category." Record removal logs ensure audit traceability. Finally, the total deduplicated regular biomass product volume Qbio is calculated for the accounting period.

[0080] Calculating the value of conventional biomass products Includes the following sub-steps: By accessing the unit value-added database, the system automatically extracts unit value-added data for various conventional biomass products based on their classification labels (including straw, forage, firewood, forest by-products, etc.), forming a unit value vector. ; By accessing statistical systems or on-site monitoring data, production data of corresponding biomass products within the accounting area can be obtained. The total value of various biomass products is calculated using the product method:

[0081] If missing or abnormal data exists within the specified area, the system invokes the regional similarity assessment model to retrieve analogous data from neighboring areas based on geographical proximity and ecosystem similarity, and constructs an analogous estimate. It then performs confidence interval inference, completes uncertainty analysis, and outputs the valuation range. ; Calculating the supply and value of water resources includes the following sub-steps: Access the ecosystem water resource supply database, collect statistics on various water withdrawal records, and construct water supply vectors categorized by usage. These correspond to categories such as residential life, agricultural irrigation, industrial production, and ecological regulation. Obtain water price vectors for each purpose from the unit water price database. The total value of water supply is calculated as follows:

[0082] For ecological water use The system defaults to not using market prices, but instead calls the "Ecological Water Price Valuation Module," which offers two valuation methods: using the shadow price method to assess water prices by referencing water resource scarcity and ecological dispatch flexibility; or setting prices based on government ecological compensation standards and automatically generating valuation results. ,renew .

[0083] The construction of an ecological product supply accounting database includes the following sub-steps: Integrate production data for three categories of ecological products: green products, conventional biomass, and water resource supply. With valuable data Labels are used according to product categories (green agricultural products, firewood and straw, water resource services, etc.) and the labels are structured in a unified format. Construct an accounting ledger for the supply of ecological products by type, region, and time, and adopt a three-dimensional index structure. These represent product category, administrative region, and time period, respectively, forming a key-value data table to support fast querying and updating; The above data is stored in the ecological product supply accounting database, which has the following characteristics: supply and demand analysis capability: supports the assessment of regional supply and demand balance through historical output / value comparison; scenario simulation function: automatically recalculates output value response under different scenarios based on changing parameters; ecological compensation calculation support: provides ecological compensation calculation basis based on output structure and total value; data visualization capability: supports the display of regional ecological product dynamic changes through charts, maps and other forms; dynamic update capability: connects to statistical systems and remote sensing monitoring platforms, and regularly updates data incrementally.

[0084] The module for constructing ecosystem service value accounting includes two main sub-modules: the construction of a service classification system and a service quantity accounting model, as detailed below: Constructing an ecosystem service classification system includes the following sub-steps: It accesses the classification standard library and automatically loads mainstream standard systems such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), the Natural Capital Valuation and Ecosystem Services Classification (CICES), and the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP). Establish an ecosystem service classification dictionary based on the characteristics of typical ecosystems in river and lake basins. Ecosystem services are categorized into four main types: regulatory services (such as water conservation, soil retention, flood control, air purification, water purification, and climate regulation); support services (such as biodiversity maintenance, ecological carbon sequestration, and oxygen provision); cultural services (such as leisure tourism, landscape enhancement, and science and education functions); and supply services (such as agricultural and forestry products and water resource services, see previous steps). Set a classification code for each service type (e.g., REG-001 represents water conservation) and include it in the main classification table for ecological product accounting to support subsequent service identification and function integration.

[0085] Constructing a physical accounting model for ecosystem service functions includes the following sub-steps: For adjustment-type services, the system calls the corresponding geoscientific model module according to the service code, establishing the following calculation path: Water conservation capacity calculation: This involves using the hydrological simulation module, inputting data such as topography, precipitation, and land use, and outputting the water conservation capacity. Soil retention estimation: Using the RUSLE model, erosion control quantities are calculated based on rainfall intensity, slope, and vegetation cover. Flood storage: Calculate the storage capacity based on data such as the volume of the flood storage area and changes in water level.

[0086] For purification services, the system loads a pollutant emission database, based on the type of pollutant. The purification capacity assessment model is used to calculate the physical quantity:

[0087] in, For original emissions, This is the purification capacity coefficient. This is the correction factor for excessive concentration.

[0088] For cultural service functions, the system integrates tourism statistics and questionnaire survey modules, loads tourist visit databases and activity frequency tables, and uses the following formula:

[0089] in, For annual tourist volume, Output the quantity of cultural-related functional items based on the frequency of activities or the number of participants.

[0090] The construction of an ecosystem service value accounting model includes the following sub-steps: Calling the physical quantity calculation result set The system automatically matches monetary valuation paths based on service category tags, employing the following valuation method: For service types with market transaction prices (such as oxygen provision and green product supply), the market value method module is invoked to calculate the service value using the following formula:

[0091] in, The prices for services are sourced from a market price database. For services that can be quantified through engineering substitution (such as water conservation, flood control, and pollution remediation), the substitution engineering cost method module is invoked, and the system retrieves the typical engineering cost database and estimates the equivalent substitution cost. Constructing a service value calculation formula and parameter library includes the following sub-steps: Accounting formulas are established for each of the twelve categories of ecosystem services, such as: Market approach: V = q × p Alternative cost method: V = q × ( (Unit project cost) Willingness to pay approach: V = N × ( (This refers to the average willingness to pay per person) Travel cost method: V = N × ( (Per capita travel cost) Build parameter table The content includes: parameter name and symbol; physical meaning; unit standard; recommended parameter range and default value; data source labeling; accompanying data period, regional applicability description and confidence interval.

[0092] The parameter library supports calling valuation models across different regions and years, ensuring that the models are scientific, transparent, and comparable.

[0093] Integrating service accounting results to construct an ecosystem service value database includes the following sub-steps: The physical quantity of each service With currency valuation The data is stored in the database table according to a four-dimensional index structure of "ecosystem type × service type × time period × spatial unit". ; Constructing data structures The mechanism for monetary valuation and system efficiency improvement for services without market prices includes the following sub-steps: For service types without clearly defined market prices but with strong social preferences (such as leisure and recreation, ecological education, and science popularization), the system automatically invokes the willingness-to-pay approach module or the travel expense approach module, executing the following valuation path: If questionnaire survey data exists, the willingness-to-pay value is retrieved. Combined with the size of the beneficiary population Calculate the value of the service:

[0094] If tourism visit and travel cost data are available, the travel cost method can be used to calculate the service value:

[0095] in This represents the average cost of travel and stay per person.

[0096] This approach enables the structured quantification of the intangible service value of ecosystems. Through a valuation mechanism with clear classifications, well-defined indicators, and standardized methods, it overcomes the bias of traditional models towards material products, significantly improving the comprehensiveness of the assessment and its policy application capabilities. It supports the following application scenarios: regional ecological compensation calculation; land use regulation; ecological governance performance evaluation and third-party auditing.

[0097] The system supports multi-source data fusion (such as survey data, monitoring data, statistical yearbooks, remote sensing data, etc.) and flexible selection of multiple valuation paths to ensure the stability and adaptability of valuation results. It also features multi-model parallel processing, cross-validation, and sensitivity analysis capabilities.

[0098] To ensure the replicability, scalability, and cross-regional adaptability of the ecological product value accounting method, a unified indicator and algorithm support system is constructed, achieving standardization throughout the entire process from data collection and model calculation to result evaluation. This step is based on a three-tiered structure of "resources-products-services," abstracting the core value expression path of the ecosystem and establishing accounting indicator sets and algorithm mapping relationships for three types of objects: ecological assets, ecological products, and ecological services. Each accounting object is expressed through a set of core indicators, covering three dimensions: physical quantity, value quantity, and conversion factors, supplemented by structured parameter configuration to support automatic algorithm invocation. The system uniformly configures the attribute definitions of each indicator, including name, unit of calculation, data source type, temporal and spatial resolution, and update frequency labels. Recommended values, effective intervals, and confidence references are set for all calculation factors to ensure the operability and comparability of the algorithm across different regions and time scales. This support system serves as an intermediary structure between the ecological product accounting model and the service database, enabling standardized expression of accounting logic, automatic connection of valuation paths, and structured storage of result data. It provides a technical foundation and consistency guarantee for large-scale, multi-scenario ecological value accounting.

[0099] To enhance the scientific, modular, and system integration capabilities of ecological product value accounting, a standardized accounting expression system and algorithm execution architecture will be constructed, including a unified accounting formula system, a multi-source parameter database, and an algorithm component library, to achieve automation and traceability of the accounting process.

[0100] The system adopts a unified accounting method and formula expression. Based on the accounting mechanisms and practical application needs of various ecosystem functions, it constructs a standardized accounting formula system applicable to watershed scales, covering ecosystem service types such as regulation, supply, culture, and support. All accounting formulas uniformly use a variable notation system for parameter labeling and configure a unit system (e.g., ...). Yuan / t The formula system, including parameters such as number of people per year, etc., along with mathematical expressions, forms a "formula model dictionary" with a callable structure. This formula system supports integration into the valuation engine via function encapsulation, ensuring the following capabilities in the calculation process: repeatability: consistent output under the same input conditions; comparability: results from different regions or periods can be compared under a unified structure; integrability: supports embedding into various valuation models or scenario simulation modules.

[0101] A multi-source parameter database is established, and the system targets key parameters in the calculation formula (discount rate). Unit water price Pollutant treatment costs Unit carbon price Reference price of ecological services Establish a structured parameter database, etc. To support the data processing and modeling needs of multiple stages in the ecological value accounting process, a reusable accounting algorithm component library is constructed, which includes, but is not limited to, the following core components: Area and volume calculation component (supports vector boundary and remote sensing image input); Time series change analysis component (supports trend judgment and anomaly identification); Spatial interpolation and weight allocation components (used for data completion and service attribution decomposition); Nonlinear fitting and regression prediction component (for ecosystem service indicator modeling). Unit conversion and currency valuation components (supports cross-regional / cross-year value standard alignment).

[0102] All components are packaged in a modular manner, with pluggability and API interface support. They can be embedded into the database call process to achieve batch calculation, automatic updates, and export of results in multiple formats (such as CSV, GeoTIFF, JSON, etc.).

[0103] Establish a quality control and integration mechanism for the accounting of ecological products. To ensure the accuracy of the accounting process and the scientific nature of the results, construct a full-process quality control mechanism covering data verification, parameter consistency testing and algorithm execution specifications, and unify the expression of accounting methods and calculation formulas.

[0104] First, corresponding verification rules are established for key data items involved in the accounting process, including basic ecological resource data, supply data, and physical quantity data of service functions. Data anomalies or omissions are identified through boundary value verification, logical consistency judgment, and comparison with historical values. For issues such as inconsistent units and mismatched dimensions, standard unit conversion rules and time-space granularity calibration methods are established to ensure the comparability and consistency of input data.

[0105] Secondly, the expression format and data sources of the parameters used in the accounting (such as discount rates, water prices, carbon prices, and treatment costs) should be standardized. The units, data sources, applicable time periods and regions for each parameter should be clearly defined, and reasonable recommended ranges should be set. For parameters with multiple data sources, a compromise can be made using weighted averages or confidence assessment methods to enhance the stability of the parameter's applicability.

[0106] During the calculation process, warning ranges are set for key indicators such as the output value of various ecological products and the total value of services. When the results show obvious anomalies (such as interannual fluctuations exceeding the set threshold or significant differences from similar regions), a re-verification mechanism can be triggered to reacquire data or adjust parameters, and repeat the calculation process to eliminate errors.

[0107] Finally, regarding the expression of accounting methods, all relevant value calculation models and valuation formulas have been standardized and organized. Based on service type, a formula system covering ecosystem services such as supply, regulation, and culture has been established. Each formula clearly defines variables, units, data sources, and calculation paths to ensure the accounting methods are repeatable and comparable across regions.

[0108] To improve the usability, adaptability, and policy alignment of ecological product value accounting results, a closed-loop mechanism covering result evaluation, feedback adjustment, and re-optimization should be constructed to achieve dynamic improvement and multi-scenario adaptation of the accounting model.

[0109] Establish a feedback and evaluation mechanism for accounting results. For the output results of ecological product value accounting, set up a traceable contribution analysis path to identify the parameters and calculation steps that have the greatest impact on the final result within the current valuation system. Using sensitivity analysis, quantify the weight changes of each input variable under different scenarios, generate feedback instructions for subsequent model correction and parameter updates.

[0110] A collaborative feedback channel involving both human and expert input is introduced, establishing a dual-channel feedback mechanism during the accounting process. Standardized forms are used to collect feedback from local administrators, ecological technology experts, and the public. Feedback is automatically categorized based on content, such as: ① model logical structure issues, ② abnormal data sources or time spans, and ③ parameter settings deviating from reality. The system records and archives the feedback in a centralized repository of accounting model optimization suggestions.

[0111] The process involves feedback correction and recalculation. After collecting and categorizing feedback, local model adjustments or parameter replacements are performed on relevant modules. The recalculation process is then rerun, and the results are compared with the original values. Cases with significant changes or marked improvements in the calculation results are identified as "iterative optimization paths" and included in subsequent regional promotion or large-scale application reference paths.

[0112] To promote the alignment and application of accounting results in policy-making, the results obtained from closed-loop accounting, along with their source pathways, will be output as input variables for policy tools such as ecological compensation calculation, regional green performance assessment, and spatial use control. Depending on different policy objectives, accounting results for specific ecosystem services (such as water conservation and carbon sequestration) can be extracted and subjected to regional comparisons, time-series analysis, or scenario simulations to enhance the understandability and decision-making support capabilities of the accounting results.

[0113] To further enhance the adaptive capability and generalization performance of the ecological product value accounting model, a feedback-driven self-optimization mechanism is constructed to integrate multi-source feedback data, enabling dynamic adjustment of model parameter configuration and calculation logic.

[0114] A weighted feedback aggregation mechanism is constructed. After collecting feedback information from multiple sources, the system performs weighted aggregation processing on the feedback data. Based on feedback frequency, the professional credibility level of the feedback source (such as expert weight), and the intensity of the impact of feedback indicators on the calculation results, a feedback weight function is constructed to generate a standardized list of correction suggestions. This list includes the parameter items to be adjusted, the calculation paths to be modified, and the ranking of their impact factors, serving as the triggering basis for model reconstruction and recalculation.

[0115] A self-optimization algorithm module for the accounting model is introduced, and a Bayesian optimization algorithm is employed for parameters with frequent feedback records. Based on the distribution of feedback sample points, the objective function (such as accounting result error or running time) is modeled and fitted, and desired improvement sampling is performed in the parameter space to gradually approach the optimal solution. Optimization objectives may include: parameter configuration accuracy (reducing estimation bias); model running efficiency (improving computation speed); and structural adaptability (adapting to multiple watersheds and ecosystem types).

[0116] Meanwhile, the model supports parameter grouping and modeling for different watersheds and ecosystem types, enabling regional parameter customization and generalization optimization.

[0117] This invention proposes a spatial watershed similarity kernel function mechanism. This mechanism constructs a similarity matrix based on spatial features such as ecosystem type, climate zoning, hydrological characteristics, and topographic attributes. In regions with few samples or sparse feedback data, feedback samples from high-similarity regions are used for mapping and completion, effectively improving the model's generalization ability across multiple regions and solving the adaptation problem of "sparse feedback" in the accounting of complex ecosystems such as plateau lakes.

[0118] A multi-objective optimization model and knowledge-enhanced sampling mechanism are constructed, and the feedback results are refined into multiple dimensions according to their properties, including: Deviation feedback (specific estimated values ​​do not match actual values); expert rating feedback (subjective evaluation of the model's rationality); operational efficiency feedback (model running time, resource consumption, etc.); An optimization model integrating the above multiple objectives is constructed to balance estimation accuracy, computational efficiency, and structural generality. In the initial optimization phase, the system incorporates empirical parameters from ecological domain experts as a prior distribution for knowledge-enhanced sampling. Sampling prioritizes covering key sensitive parameter regions in the model, improving the model's convergence speed and local optimum avoidance ability during the initial training phase.

[0119] To verify the effectiveness of model optimization and expand the application of accounting results, after completing the feedback-driven model optimization, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the optimization strategy and the policy availability of the results, a differential evaluation mechanism and an application interface for accounting results are further constructed to support the implementation of practical business such as ecological compensation.

[0120] A differential sensitivity testing mechanism was designed to conduct differential comparison tests on the accounting results before and after model parameter adjustments under a unified indicator system. Using indicators such as regional total ecological product value, single-category service value, and supply intensity per unit area as objects, relative difference rates, numerical change trends, and accounting rationality indicators (such as the proportion exceeding thresholds and structural stability) were calculated at different time sections and spatial units. This systematically evaluated the specific impact of model optimization on the accounting results and verified whether the model improvement effect has statistical and practical significance.

[0121] A model evolution record and version tracking mechanism is established. The system automatically records every parameter adjustment, feedback response, and version update process of the model, and establishes a model evolution log database. Each round of optimization iteration is accompanied by a complete version tag, a summary of the modified content, and a corresponding timestamp, supporting version backtracking, audit comparison, and rollback operations when necessary for model running results, thereby improving the maintainability and transparency of the accounting system.

[0122] To expand the practical application of ecological product value accounting results, a standardized output interface is constructed based on the optimized accounting results, supporting the connection of ecological product value data to the ecological compensation mechanism module. Taking counties or watersheds as accounting and compensation units, and combining the spatial distribution of ecological product value with upstream and downstream differences, the ecological compensation amount and beneficiary-supply relationship map are automatically calculated, providing numerical support and strategy recommendations for inter-regional horizontal ecological compensation negotiations, forming an application closed loop integrating accounting, assessment, and negotiation assistance.

[0123] The monitoring and integration mechanism of accounting results with governance scenarios aims to expand the comprehensive application of ecological product value accounting results in ecological supervision, green finance and regional governance. It constructs a multi-level integration mechanism including monitoring and early warning, value embedding, closed-loop tracking and intelligent recommendation to achieve deep coupling from accounting model to governance practice.

[0124] By embedding ecological red line monitoring systems and establishing dynamic early warning mechanisms, the results of ecological product value accounting are integrated into the ecological red line monitoring system to regularly monitor and analyze the changing trends of Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) within the red line areas. GEP threshold early warning rules are set; when the GEP value of a certain area shows a continuous downward trend or significant fluctuations, early warning signals and intervention suggestions are automatically triggered, prompting ecological intervention, control measures, or on-site verification operations, thereby strengthening the dynamic protection and risk response capabilities of ecological red lines.

[0125] Supporting the exploration of green finance and ecological industrialization pathways, based on regional GEP and ecological product value data, constructing an ecological industry development index and natural resource asset table, providing quantitative support for the design of green financial products (such as ecological bonds and green credit), the market trading of ecological products (such as carbon sinks and water rights), and ecological brand certification, promoting the exploration of the monetization transformation pathway of ecological products, and expanding the practical application scenarios of ecological value transformation.

[0126] A closed-loop management platform for accounting, feedback, and application is constructed, integrating the five stages of accounting, feedback, optimization, evaluation, and application into a process chain. This allows for configurable process nodes, hierarchical role participation, and permission allocation. The platform embeds a closed-loop execution dashboard that displays key indicators such as accounting progress, feedback processing status, optimization strategy adoption, and application result response for each region and ecosystem product type in real time, enhancing the visibility, coordination, and auditability of the management process.

[0127] By introducing intelligent recommendation and path migration mechanisms, an intelligent recommendation model is constructed based on the feedback trajectory and optimization path of historical accounting areas. When a new region or a new type of ecological product is accounted for for the first time, the system can automatically recommend parameter configuration templates and model structure configuration strategies, enabling rapid migration and replication of the accounting process and improving the adaptability and promotion capability of the closed-loop mechanism in cross-regional and multi-ecosystem scenarios.

[0128] The embodiments described above merely illustrate specific implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are detailed and specific, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the technical solution of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Access and unified management of multi-source heterogeneous ecological data in plateau lake basins: Collect multi-source heterogeneous data, perform standardized processing and format conversion, and connect it to the platform's data resource center to build a unified data sharing and exchange interface, complete the data hierarchical management and dynamic update mechanism, and support data fusion and unified management across basins and administrative regions; Construction of Ecosystem Classification Layer and Accounting Parameter System: Construct a plot-level ecosystem classification layer at the watershed scale, clarify the different types of ecological units, and formulate an indicator parameter and value estimation method system for supply, regulation and cultural services based on mainstream ecosystem service assessment theories. Construct an accounting parameter library to achieve cross-administrative region and cross-time period accounting result comparison and integration. Ecological product value accounting model construction and execution engine development: Based on modular and parameterized modeling ideas, various ecological product value accounting models are encapsulated, supporting configuration-based invocation, partitioned scheduling, and parallel computing; a flexible model scheduling engine is integrated to complete the combined modeling and task graph-driven operation of various services, meeting the needs of parallel execution of multiple watershed sub-regions and joint analysis of horizontal administrative regions; Spatiotemporal analysis and visualization of accounting results: Based on the GIS platform and graphic components, a spatial distribution map, a temporal trend map, and a sensitivity analysis map of the value of ecological products are constructed to complete a multi-dimensional interactive dynamic visualization display. Ecological management application service integration and business linkage: embedding the accounting results into the business scenarios of ecological compensation accounting, performance evaluation, resource allocation, and early warning and control, and building a closed-loop mechanism of "accounting-feedback-application" for the value of ecological products; System security control and access control mechanism construction: Establish a fine-grained role-based access control mechanism, set data reading, model operation and result access permissions for different user levels, and integrate an audit log system.

2. The method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the ecosystem classification layer and accounting parameter system includes the following steps: To construct an ecological product value accounting system adapted to plateau lake basins, based on the national "GEP Accounting Technical Guidelines" and integrating the local ecological characteristics of plateau lake areas, an ecological product accounting indicator system oriented towards watershed governance scenarios is constructed. Establish an ecological product accounting parameter library and construct a multi-source driven parameter database, including key model parameters for ecological area, organic carbon content, and soil conservation. Create accounting tasks and workbench. You can create accounting tasks by year, and set the accounting area, ecosystem type and accounting system used. After completing data confirmation and model parameter verification, the ecological product accounting survey data processed by the data cleaning module is called and experts or data responsible units are organized to verify each item. The system performs automatic accounting of ecological products at the plot level. Based on the preset accounting tasks and confirmed parameter configurations, the system automatically starts the accounting engine and performs the calculation of the physical quantity and value of various ecological products at the plot level. Output and publish the accounting results, display the results according to primary and secondary indicators, distinguish different lake and ecosystem types, display specific data on physical quantity and value, and support the export and sharing of results; after the results are confirmed by manual review and audit mechanism, they enter the publication process.

3. The method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation of the physical quantity and value of various ecological products based on the precision of each land parcel specifically includes: General formula for calculating ecological products: For any watershed area Ecosystem types Time point The value of ecological products The calculation is as follows: ， in, Represents a unit of time area The physical quantity of ecological products of various types, including water conservation volume, carbon sequestration volume, and output volume; It represents the unit value corresponding to the physical quantity, including unit output value, unit substitution cost, and market reference price; This represents the total value of the calculated ecological products; Typical ecological product accounting model: Differentiated accounting models are constructed for different service types classified as supply, regulation, and culture, and automatic accounting is performed through parameter library driving and land-scale model calling: Supply-based accounting model: Supply-based products refer to physical resources directly provided by the ecosystem. The accounting is based on the accumulation of land area and unit yield. The system automatically extracts arable land or water body units and loads matching yield parameters according to the ecological type. The formula for calculating physical quantity is: ， in, For the first The planting area of ​​each plot of land, The yield per unit area of ​​land; the value is estimated using market prices or unit output value parameters from statistical yearbooks: ； Regulation-based accounting models: Regulation-based products refer to the services provided by ecosystems in regulating natural processes. The accounting focuses on the physical regulation capacity and indirect economic value of the ecosystem; the formula for calculating water conservation volume is: ， in, Annual precipitation For the cultivation coefficient, Surface runoff, The total amount of evaporation; the formula for calculating the value is: ， in, This represents the construction and operation cost of a water supply project per unit volume of water retention capacity. Cultural accounting model: Cultural services emphasize the role of the ecosystem in the non-material value aspects of tourism, education, and aesthetics. The value model is as follows: ， in, For the number of tourists received annually, , , These are transportation costs, service fees, and time costs.

4. The method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spatiotemporal analysis and visualization of the calculation results specifically include the following steps: Based on the results of ecological product accounting, an ecological product value visualization module was constructed. It comprehensively utilizes GIS maps and data charts to display the GEP of the nine plateau lake basins, the GEP sub-items of different ecosystem types, and the value contribution of each sub-indicator. And historical trends; the calculation methods for the total value of ecological products and the value contribution of the target are as follows: ， ， in, Indicates the first The lake area and its ecosystem type are: In time The value of ecological products; Establish a mapping relationship between accounting results and policy evaluation system, build a "decision-making initiation" module, and link GEP results with the "Two Mountains Index" evaluation indicator system; establish a mapping function between ecological product value and the "Two Mountains Index". This makes the GEP result With the "Two Mountains" indicator set Logical connections: ， in, Assign weight factors to the indicators; Construct a "performance evaluation" module to embed the results of ecological product value accounting into the performance function. Based on ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation standards, a quantitative assessment of the high-quality development and high-level protection of the watershed ecosystem is conducted; performance function. The calculation formula is: ， ， in, This represents the set of ecological environment quality indicators for the region. This represents a set of socio-economic development indicators; Establish structural analysis, spatiotemporal analysis, and potential analysis modules to decompose and interpret GEP accounting results, analyze the composition of ecological products and their evolutionary trends in the time dimension, the differences in spatial dimensions, and potential growth space, and introduce multi-layer neural networks and spatiotemporal attention mechanisms to complete intelligent analysis and prediction of ecosystem structural evolution, temporal trends, and growth potential. Construct a data service system oriented towards multiple users and multiple permissions, supporting data access and visual query on the management end and the public end, providing large screen display, online preview and report export services, and ensuring that different management units can access, share and use data according to their permissions and provide dynamic feedback in cross-administrative boundary watershed accounting.

5. The method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins according to claim 4, characterized in that, The structural analysis module is used to identify key ecosystem types, and the system uses value contribution rate. As the core indicator, measuring the first Year The first in the region The relative importance of eco-products in total GEP; The time series analysis module employs a multi-layer neural network model to learn trends from historical accounting results of various ecological products, and automatically extracts key driving factors for changes in indicators in different regions by combining a spatiotemporal attention mechanism; the multi-layer neural network structure is shown below: ， in, Indicates the first The first region Eco-like products in time The predictive value; This represents the historical GEP calculation value; Spatiotemporal attention mechanisms are used to extract key driving factors from historical time series. This is a multilayer perceptron regression module used for trend prediction. The spatial analysis module constructs a spatial density map of the value of ecological products, using the following density expression: ， in, Indicates the first The first in the region The area of ​​ecosystem-like structures; The potential analysis module integrates external driving variables such as land type, population, and industry. A multiple regression model is constructed to predict the potential growth potential of the value of ecological products. The module calculation method is as follows: ， in, Indicates the first An external factor, For regression coefficients, This is the residual term.

6. The method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The access and unified management of multi-source heterogeneous ecological data in the plateau lake basin includes the following steps: Based on the ecological and geographical characteristics of plateau lake basins, the boundary coordinate information of the target monitoring basin is obtained, and the entire basin is divided into different sub-monitoring units based on remote sensing images and ecological zoning rules. According to the set collection cycle, the system automatically accesses and updates the multi-source heterogeneous ecological monitoring data associated with each sub-region. By constructing a unified data interface and field mapping template, it completes the batch import and standardized processing of multi-format data. The raw data is preprocessed using field parsing, unit conversion, missing value annotation, and outlier identification rules. Combined with a deep learning-based data recognition model, the land cover categories and their ecological characteristics in remote sensing images are automatically labeled and identified, forming a structured, high-quality data resource pool.

7. The method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the system security control and access management mechanism includes the following steps: Establish a unified system management framework that covers basic information management modules for users, organizations, roles, and permissions; Configure a permission association mechanism in the system management framework. Through the hierarchical binding relationship of user-role-permission-menu, ensure that the access control logic of the system functional modules is clear and controllable, and adapt to the hierarchical permission management needs of cross-departmental and cross-regional multi-subject collaborative mode in watershed governance. It provides sub-modules for system operation log management, data source management, holiday management, module management, and cache monitoring and maintenance, supporting the monitoring, auditing, and traceability of the entire system lifecycle; The system management module allows administrators to configure various operations in a fine-grained manner, including user registration information management, definition of organizational hierarchy, role-based authorization and revocation, and interface permission configuration. Construct a unified data structure mapping relationship table system, covering user information table, role and permission table, function menu table, organization table, and department button / menu / interface relationship table; Configure a system permission restriction mechanism to only authorize administrators to log in and access the system management module.

8. The method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a methodology for constructing a system of ecological product valuation methods for plateau lake basins, which includes the following steps: An ecological asset accounting module is constructed, with wetlands, forests, grasslands, and farmland as basic units. Ecological asset accounts are established for each type of asset, and physical quantities are obtained by combining survey statistics or field monitoring data. Accounting is carried out in accordance with relevant national, industry, local, or group standards. In terms of value, the net present value method is uniformly adopted, and the value of various types of ecosystem assets is estimated by combining the sustainable functioning period of ecosystem services, the discount rate, and the results of the GEP flow account. An ecological product supply accounting module is constructed, classifying ecological products into three categories: green products, conventional biomass, and water resources. The output of each category is statistically analyzed, and value accounting is carried out in conjunction with market price or added value data. Green products are mainly sourced from organic agriculture, ecological fisheries, and green animal husbandry. Conventional biomass covers the general material output of farmland, wetlands, grasslands, and forest ecosystems. Water resources are statistically analyzed based on the water supply and corresponding water prices for residential, industrial, and agricultural water use. An ecosystem service value accounting module is constructed, covering twelve service types: water conservation, soil conservation, flood control, air purification, water purification, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance, leisure tourism, landscape enhancement, and science and education functions. Each service is assigned physical quantity indicators and value estimation methods, and scientific accounting is carried out using methods such as the RUSLE model, hydrological model, geographic information system analysis, market value method, substitution cost method, and travel cost method. A unified indicator and algorithm support system is constructed, and an accounting indicator system covering resource stock, product supply, and service functions is built. Air and water purification functions are valued by multiplying the amount of pollutants purified by the unit treatment cost. Climate regulation services are valued by the equivalent energy consumption conversion method. Ecological carbon sequestration and oxygen release functions are monetized by carbon market prices and oxygen production costs. The accounting results are integrated to form an ecological product value accounting database, and the accounting results of various ecological assets and ecological services are uniformly summarized into a standardized database.

9. The method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ecological asset accounting module mainly includes the following steps: The system first uses a spatial recognition engine to extract basic information on regional ecological plots from the national ecological monitoring database and local ecological resource archives, and automatically connects them with land use remote sensing image data and ecological protection red line delineation result layers. Then, the program uses land use interpretation algorithms and spatial overlap analysis methods to perform the following operations in sequence: Remote sensing image interpretation: Identify the coverage boundaries and land use attributes of each ecosystem. Red line constraint matching: Compare with the ecological red line layer to select spatial units to be included in the accounting scope; Spatial Unit Database Construction: The identified ecological units are coded as "ecological unit IDs" and a basic spatial database is established, with fields including ecological type, boundary coordinates, polygon area, and protection level. Each ecological asset unit serves as the spatial basis for subsequent accounting, recorded in the "Ecological Asset Account Table," and acts as the spatial input source for the physical quantity accounting and value estimation modules. The "Physical Quantity Indicator Construction Submodule" is invoked to establish indicator templates for wetland, forest, grassland, and farmland ecosystems, covering five core indicators: resource area, stock volume, number of biological species, water quality indicators, and habitat quality indicators. Addressing the differences in ecosystem types, the system utilizes survey and statistical methods and remote sensing interpretation: integrating image analysis modules to extract land cover structure, water area, etc., and field monitoring methods for data collection. For missing or difficult-to-collect indicator values, the system invokes the "Intelligent Interpolation Submodule," prioritizing expert experience estimation methods combined with machine learning model interpolation to complete the data. After completing the construction of physical quantity indicators, the "Value Accounting Submodule" is invoked to perform a monetary valuation of ecological assets based on the net present value method. The current accounting year is defined as the starting year for the valuation. Combined with the recommended discount rate, the present value of future service flows is calculated to reflect the long-term value of the sustainable supply of ecological assets. The calculation uses the net present value method, and the formula is as follows: ， in, Indicates the total value of ecological assets; Indicates the first The value provided by annual ecosystem services; This represents the discount rate, with a value ranging from 2% to 5%. Indicates the starting year of the accounting; Indicates the year in which the service ceased to function; Based on the physical quantity indicators of each type of ecosystem, Ct is generated by combining the unit price reference library or valuation parameter model, and the discount calculation is automatically performed year by year according to the above formula. The calculation results will be written into the "Ecological Asset Value Result Table" in the format of "Ecological Unit ID - Type - NPV Value - Discount Rate - Start Year - End Year" for subsequent policy evaluation, compensation calculation or visualization display. By incorporating GEP (Genomic Ecosystem Product) accounting results, the value of ecosystem service flows is integrated into asset valuation. For wetland assets, multiple value dimensions are differentiated, including water resources, water quality, biodiversity, and natural shoreline. For forest and grassland assets, the focus is on estimating their carbon sequestration, biological habitat, and water conservation functions. For farmland assets, the service value is calculated by comprehensively considering green planting area, pollution control indicators, and ecological production capacity. Through the "service flow valuation module," differentiated valuation strategies are set for different types of ecosystem assets, and a multi-factor valuation model is formed by combining ecological function dimensions and spatial unit attributes.

10. The method for constructing an automatic accounting system for the value of ecological products in plateau lake basins according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific aspects of the access and unified management of multi-source heterogeneous ecological data in the plateau lake basin include: Establish a multi-source heterogeneous data access mechanism; implement data field mapping and standardized rule application; carry out data cleaning and verification; establish a data feedback and problem tracking mechanism; construct a structured data storage and display mechanism; and implement full-process log monitoring and performance assurance.

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