Superconducting magnet cooling system

Abstract

This invention proposes a superconducting magnet cooling system, relating to the field of superconducting magnet design technology. The system includes: a superconducting coil cavity for mounting a superconducting coil; two ends of a cooling pipe connected to the superconducting coil cavity; a gas driving component for driving gas from the superconducting coil cavity into the cooling pipe and then back into the superconducting coil cavity; the gas in the cooling pipe is adapted to flow through a first cooling component to cool the gas in the cooling pipe; at least a portion of the cooling pipe passes through a second cooling component to cool the gas in the cooling pipe. The superconducting magnet cooling system of this invention can improve the cooling rate, quickly restore the low-temperature environment within the superconducting coil cavity after a superconducting magnet failure, avoid residual cooling medium within the superconducting coil cavity, improve cleanliness, ensure the operational stability and reliability of the superconducting coil, and has better performance and wider applicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of superconducting magnet design technology, and more particularly to a superconducting magnet cooling system. Background Technology

[0002] Superconducting magnets operate in low-temperature environments, and how to rapidly cool down the superconducting magnets and how to quickly restore the environment to low temperature after a failure are important issues that need to be considered to ensure the operational stability of superconducting magnets.

[0003] Currently, superconducting magnets are mainly cooled by two methods: conductive cooling and cryogenic medium precooling. However, conductive cooling is slow and the cryogenic environment in which the superconducting magnet is located recovers slowly after a failure, making it less economical. Cryogenic medium precooling is uncontrollable and requires liquid nitrogen treatment after precooling, which is complex and prone to generating residual nitrogen gas, leaving room for improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a superconducting magnet cooling system with a simple structure, which can rapidly cool the superconducting magnet, improve the recovery speed of the low-temperature environment inside the superconducting coil cavity, and avoid the presence of impurities in the superconducting coil cavity, thereby ensuring the operational stability and reliability of the superconducting magnet.

[0005] A superconducting magnet cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a superconducting magnet device having a superconducting coil cavity formed therein for mounting a superconducting coil; a cooling pipeline having both ends connected to the superconducting coil cavity, a gas driving element provided in the cooling pipeline for driving gas in the superconducting coil cavity into the cooling pipeline and then returning to the superconducting coil cavity after passing through the cooling pipeline; a first cooling component and a second cooling component, the first cooling component and the second cooling component being sequentially distributed along the cooling pipeline, the gas in the cooling pipeline being adapted to flow through the first cooling component so that the first cooling component cools the gas in the cooling pipeline, and at least a portion of the cooling pipeline passing through the second cooling component so that the second cooling component cools the gas in the cooling pipeline.

[0006] According to the superconducting magnet cooling system of the present invention, the gas in the superconducting coil cavity can flow into the cooling pipeline. By setting a first cooling component and a second cooling component, the gas in the cooling pipeline can be rapidly cooled so that the cooled gas can flow back into the superconducting coil cavity, thereby keeping the superconducting coil in a low-temperature environment. At the same time, the gas can be cooled twice to improve the cooling rate. In the event of a superconducting magnet failure, the low-temperature environment in the superconducting coil cavity can be quickly restored. It can also avoid residual cooling medium in the superconducting coil cavity, improve cleanliness, ensure the operational stability and reliability of the superconducting coil, and has better performance and wider applicability.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the superconducting magnet cooling system of the present invention, a heat exchange wall is formed inside the heat exchanger, the heat exchange wall defines a heat exchange channel, the first refrigerator is used to cool the heat exchange wall, the heat exchange channel is connected in series in the refrigeration pipeline, and the gas in the refrigeration pipeline is adapted to exchange heat with the heat exchange wall.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the superconducting magnet cooling system of the present invention, the heat exchange channel is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet respectively connected to the cooling pipeline. The heat exchange channel includes a plurality of annular channels that are arranged in a radial direction and connected to each other. One of the air inlet and the air outlet is connected to the innermost annular channel, and the other of the air inlet and the air outlet is connected to the outermost annular channel.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the superconducting magnet cooling system of the present invention, one of the air inlet and the air outlet extends axially along the annular flow channel, and the other of the air inlet and the air outlet extends radially outward along the annular flow channel;

[0010] And / or, two adjacent annular channels are connected by a radially extending connecting channel, wherein the two connecting channels connected by each annular channel are connected to the radial sides of the annular channel.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the superconducting magnet cooling system of the present invention, the second refrigeration component includes a refrigeration box and a liquid nitrogen tank. The refrigeration box forms a refrigeration cavity, at least a portion of the refrigeration pipeline is located within the refrigeration cavity, and the liquid nitrogen tank is used to supply liquid nitrogen into the refrigeration cavity for heat exchange with the gas in the refrigeration pipeline.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the superconducting magnet cooling system of the present invention, the portion of the cooling pipeline located within the cooling cavity is configured as a spiral tube;

[0013] And / or, the refrigeration box is provided with a nitrogen vent that communicates with the refrigeration chamber, the nitrogen vent being used to discharge nitrogen gas from the refrigeration chamber.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a superconducting magnet cooling system further includes: an impurity gas venting device, the impurity gas venting device being connected to the superconducting coil cavity, the impurity gas venting device being used to selectively evacuate the superconducting coil cavity and to deliver helium gas into the superconducting coil cavity.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the superconducting magnet cooling system of the present invention, the impurity gas discharge device includes a helium tank and a vacuum machine, the helium tank and the vacuum machine being selectively connected to the cooling pipeline, the vacuum machine being used to evacuate the superconducting coil cavity, and the helium tank being used to supply helium into the superconducting coil cavity.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the superconducting magnet cooling system of the present invention, the superconducting magnet device further includes a third refrigeration component, the third refrigeration component including a second refrigerator and a condenser connected together, the condenser being located inside the superconducting coil cavity for cooling the gas inside the superconducting coil cavity.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the superconducting magnet cooling system of the present invention, the cooling pipeline is provided with an inlet control valve and an outlet control valve. The two ends of the cooling pipeline are detachably installed on the superconducting magnet device through the inlet control valve and the outlet control valve, respectively, and the two ends of the cooling pipeline are selectively connected to the superconducting coil cavity through the inlet control valve and the outlet control valve, respectively.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a superconducting magnet cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure label:

[0023] Superconducting magnet cooling system 100,

[0024] Superconducting magnet device 1, superconducting coil cavity 11, superconducting coil 12, support frame 13, third cooling assembly 14, second refrigerator 141, condenser 142.

[0025] Refrigeration piping 2, spiral pipe 21, inlet control valve 22, outlet control valve 23, gas drive component 24.

[0026] First refrigeration component 3, first refrigeration unit 31, heat exchanger 32, heat exchange channel 33, annular channel 331, connecting channel 332, heat exchange wall 34, air inlet 35, air outlet 36.

[0027] Second refrigeration component 4, refrigeration box 41, refrigeration chamber 411, nitrogen vent 412, liquid nitrogen tank 42, first control valve 421.

[0028] Impurity gas discharge device 5, helium tank 51, second control valve 511, vacuum machine 52, third control valve 521. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] The following is for reference. Figures 1-2The superconducting magnet cooling system 100 described in this embodiment of the invention has a simple structure, can rapidly cool the superconducting magnet, can improve the recovery speed of the low-temperature environment in the superconducting coil cavity 11, and can avoid the presence of impurities in the superconducting coil cavity 11, thereby ensuring the operational stability and reliability of the superconducting magnet.

[0033] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a superconducting magnet cooling system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a superconducting magnet device 1, a cooling pipeline 2, a first cooling component 3, and a second cooling component 4.

[0034] A superconducting coil cavity 11 is formed inside the superconducting magnet device 1. The superconducting coil cavity 11 is used to install the superconducting coil 12. Both ends of the cooling pipe 2 are connected to the superconducting coil cavity 11. A gas driving element 24 is provided in the cooling pipe 2. The gas driving element 24 is used to drive the gas in the superconducting coil cavity 11 into the cooling pipe 2 and then back into the superconducting coil cavity 11 after passing through the cooling pipe 2. The first cooling component 3 and the second cooling component 4 are distributed sequentially along the cooling pipe 2. The gas in the cooling pipe 2 is suitable to flow through the first cooling component 3 so that the first cooling component 3 cools the gas in the cooling pipe 2. At least a part of the cooling pipe 2 passes through the second cooling component 4 so that the second cooling component 4 cools the gas in the cooling pipe 2.

[0035] Among them, a superconducting magnet is an electromagnet that uses superconducting materials to make coils and operates at ultra-low temperatures to generate a strong, stable and efficient magnetic field. The material of a superconducting magnet only enters the "superconducting state" under ultra-low temperature conditions, thereby obtaining zero resistance and perfect diamagnetism. The superconducting magnet cooling system 100 can cool down the environment in which the superconducting magnet is located to ensure the operational stability of the superconducting magnet.

[0036] Specifically, the superconducting magnet cooling system 100 includes a superconducting magnet device 1, which has a housing and a superconducting coil cavity 11 formed inside the housing. A superconducting coil 12 is installed inside the superconducting coil cavity 11. The superconducting magnet cooling system 100 can cool the superconducting coil cavity 11, thereby ensuring that the superconducting coil 12 is in a low-temperature environment to ensure the stability of the superconducting magnet operation. A support frame 13 is provided at the bottom of the superconducting coil 12 to support the superconducting coil 12, thereby making the cooling of the superconducting coil 12 uniform and ensuring the performance of the superconducting coil 12. The superconducting magnet cooling system 100 also includes a cooling pipe 2, which is connected to the superconducting coil cavity 11, allowing gas in the superconducting coil cavity 11 to flow into the cooling pipe 2, and vice versa.

[0037] Furthermore, the cooling pipe 2 is equipped with a gas driving component 24, which can drive the gas in the cooling pipe 2, thereby allowing the gas in the superconducting coil cavity 11 to enter the cooling pipe 2 and flow back to the superconducting coil cavity 11 after passing through the cooling pipe 2. When the temperature of the gas in the cooling pipe 2 decreases, it can flow back into the superconducting coil cavity 11, thereby reducing the temperature in the superconducting coil cavity 11. In addition, the gas driving component 24 can accelerate the gas flow speed, thereby accelerating the cooling speed in the superconducting coil cavity 11.

[0038] Furthermore, the superconducting magnet cooling system 100 is also provided with a first cooling component 3 and a second cooling component 4. The first cooling component 3 and the second cooling component 4 are sequentially distributed in the cooling pipe 2. The gas in the cooling pipe 2 can flow through the first cooling component 3, and the first cooling component 3 can cool down the gas in the cooling pipe 2. At least a portion of the cooling pipe 2 passes through the second cooling component 4, so that when the gas flows through the portion of the cooling pipe 2 located in the second cooling component 4, the second cooling component 4 can cool the gas in the cooling pipe 2.

[0039] In this way, the gas in the cooling pipe 2 can be cooled twice by the first cooling component 3 and the second cooling component 4, which improves the cooling speed and ensures the cooling effect on the gas. This can improve the cooling speed in the superconducting coil cavity 11. In addition, when the superconducting coil 12 fails, the cooling pipe 2 can quickly restore the low temperature environment in the superconducting coil cavity 11 through the first cooling component 3 and the second cooling component 4, which improves the reliability of use. Furthermore, by cooling the flowing gas, the residual cooling medium in the superconducting coil cavity 11 can be avoided, making it easier to clean and improving cleanliness.

[0040] According to the superconducting magnet cooling system 100 of the present invention, the gas in the superconducting coil cavity 11 can flow into the cooling pipe 2. By setting the first cooling component 3 and the second cooling component 4, the gas in the cooling pipe 2 can be rapidly cooled so that the cooled gas can flow back into the superconducting coil cavity 11, thereby placing the superconducting coil 12 in a low-temperature environment. At the same time, the gas can be cooled twice to improve the cooling rate. In the event of a superconducting magnet failure, the low-temperature environment in the superconducting coil cavity 11 can be quickly restored. It can also avoid residual cooling medium in the superconducting coil cavity 11, improve cleanliness, ensure the operational stability and reliability of the superconducting coil 12, and has better performance and wider applicability.

[0041] In some embodiments, a heat exchange wall 34 is formed in the heat exchanger 32, the heat exchange wall 34 defines a heat exchange channel 33, the first refrigerator 31 is used to cool the heat exchange wall 34, the heat exchange channel 33 is connected in series in the refrigeration pipeline 2, and the gas in the refrigeration pipeline 2 is suitable for exchanging heat with the heat exchange wall 34.

[0042] Specifically, the gas in the refrigeration pipe 2 can flow through the first refrigeration component 3, and as... Figure 1 As shown, the first refrigeration component 3 is provided with a first refrigerator 31 and a heat exchanger 32. The heat exchanger 32 is provided with a heat exchange wall 34. The first refrigerator 31 is provided with a cold head, which can contact the heat exchange wall 34 to cool the heat exchange wall 34. The heat exchange wall 34 defines a heat exchange channel 33, which is connected in series in the refrigeration pipeline 2, so that the gas in the refrigeration pipeline 2 can flow into the heat exchange channel 33 and exchange heat with the heat exchange wall 34 in the heat exchange channel 33. This can cool the gas flowing through the heat exchange channel 33. The gas is in direct contact with the heat exchange wall 34, which can ensure the heat exchange effect and improve the heat exchange speed, thus ensuring the reliability of the first refrigeration component 3.

[0043] In actual setup, a refrigerant flow channel can be installed inside the heat exchange wall 34, and a refrigerant delivery device can be installed outside to deliver the refrigerant medium into the refrigerant flow channel, so that the refrigerant medium can exchange heat with the gas. The setup method is flexible.

[0044] In some embodiments, the heat exchange channel 33 is provided with an air inlet 35 and an air outlet 36 respectively connected to the refrigeration pipeline 2. The heat exchange channel 33 includes a plurality of annular channels 331 that are arranged in a radial direction and connected to each other. One of the air inlet 35 and the air outlet 36 is connected to the innermost annular channel 331, and the other of the air inlet 35 and the air outlet 36 is connected to the outermost annular channel 331.

[0045] Specifically, the heat exchange channel 33 is provided with an air inlet 35 and an air outlet 36, which are connected to both ends of the heat exchange channel 33. The air inlet 35 and the air outlet 36 are respectively connected to the refrigeration pipe 2, so that the airflow in the refrigeration pipe 2 can flow into the heat exchange channel 33 through the air inlet 35, and the gas after heat exchange in the heat exchange channel 33 can flow into the refrigeration pipe 2 through the air outlet 36. The heat exchange channel 33 is provided with multiple annular channels 331, which are arranged radially and adjacent annular channels 331 are connected. This means that the gas needs to flow through multiple annular channels 331 when it flows into the heat exchanger 32, thereby extending the gas flow path in the heat exchanger 32, improving the gas heat exchange effect, and ensuring the reliability of gas cooling.

[0046] Furthermore, one of the air inlet 35 and the air outlet 36 is connected to the innermost annular flow channel 331, and the other of the air inlet 35 and the air outlet 36 is connected to the outermost annular flow channel 331, i.e. Figure 2As shown, the air inlet 35 can be configured as an annular flow channel 331 connected to the innermost side, and the air outlet 36 can be configured as an annular flow channel 331 connected to the outermost side, or the air outlet 36 can be configured as an annular flow channel 331 connected to the innermost side, and the air inlet 35 can be configured as an annular flow channel 331 connected to the outermost side. This allows the gas to flow from the innermost side into the heat exchanger 32 and out of the heat exchanger 32 from the outermost side, or the gas can flow from the outermost side into the heat exchanger 32 and out of the heat exchanger 32 from the innermost side, thereby extending the gas flow path and ensuring the heat exchange effect.

[0047] In some embodiments, one of the air inlet 35 and the air outlet 36 extends axially along the annular flow channel 331, and the other of the air inlet 35 and the air outlet 36 extends radially outward along the annular flow channel 331. That is, the air inlet 35 can be configured to extend axially along the annular flow channel 331 and the air outlet 36 can be configured to extend radially outward along the annular flow channel 331. Alternatively, the air outlet 36 can be configured to extend axially along the annular flow channel 331 and the air inlet 35 can be configured to extend radially outward along the annular flow channel 331.

[0048] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the air inlet 35 is configured to extend axially along the annular flow channel 331, and the air outlet 36 is configured to extend radially outward along the annular flow channel 331. Thus, the airflow direction is vertical when flowing into and out of the annular flow channel 331. Furthermore, when the gas flows into the annular flow channel 331, it can change from axial flow to flow along the annular flow channel 331. That is, the gas flow direction changes when it flows into the annular flow channel 331, thereby reducing the airflow velocity and improving the heat exchange effect between the airflow and the heat exchange wall 34.

[0049] In other embodiments, two adjacent annular channels 331 are connected by radially extending connecting channels 332, and the two connecting channels 332 connected to each annular channel 331 are connected to the radial sides of the annular channel 331.

[0050] Specifically, multiple annular flow channels 331 are configured, and the multiple annular flow channels 331 are nested radially, and as shown in the figure... Figure 2 As shown, two adjacent annular channels 331 are connected by a connecting channel 332, allowing gas in one of the two adjacent annular channels 331 to flow through the connecting channel 332 to the other of the two adjacent annular channels 331. The two connecting channels 332 connected to each annular channel 331 are connected to the radial sides of the annular channel 331, so that after the gas flows into the annular channel 331 from one radial side, it needs to flow out of the annular channel 331 from the other radial side. This allows the airflow to flow completely through each annular channel 331, increasing the heat exchange path of the airflow and improving the heat exchange effect.

[0051] In some embodiments, the second refrigeration assembly 4 includes a refrigeration box 41 and a liquid nitrogen tank 42. The refrigeration box 41 has a refrigeration cavity 411, at least a portion of the refrigeration pipeline 2 is located in the refrigeration cavity 411, and the liquid nitrogen tank 42 is used to deliver liquid nitrogen into the refrigeration cavity 411 for heat exchange with the gas in the refrigeration pipeline 2.

[0052] Specifically, the refrigeration pipe 2 passes through the second refrigeration component 4, and as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the second refrigeration component 4 is provided with a refrigeration box 41 and a liquid nitrogen tank 42. A refrigeration chamber 411 is newly formed inside the refrigeration box 41. The liquid nitrogen tank 42 can be connected to the refrigeration chamber 411 through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a first control valve 421. When the first control valve 421 is opened, the liquid nitrogen tank 42 can deliver liquid nitrogen into the refrigeration chamber 411 through the pipeline. At least a part of the refrigeration pipeline 2 is located inside the refrigeration chamber 411, so that the gas flowing to that part of the refrigeration pipeline 2 can exchange heat with the liquid nitrogen in the refrigeration chamber 411, thereby allowing the liquid nitrogen to cool down the gas in the refrigeration pipeline 2 again, improving the cooling effect on the gas.

[0053] In some embodiments, the portion of the refrigeration pipe 2 located within the refrigeration chamber 411 is configured as a spiral pipe 21.

[0054] Specifically, at least a portion of the refrigeration pipe 2 passes through the refrigeration cavity 411, and as... Figure 1 As shown, the refrigeration pipe 2 located in the refrigeration chamber 411 can be constructed as a spiral pipe 21, that is, the refrigeration pipe 2 forms multiple connected arc-shaped pipe segments distributed along the axial direction, which can increase the length of the refrigeration pipe 2 located in the refrigeration chamber 411, thereby increasing the heat exchange time between the gas and liquid nitrogen and improving the cooling effect on the gas.

[0055] In some other embodiments, the refrigeration box 41 is provided with a nitrogen vent 412 that communicates with the refrigeration chamber 411, and the nitrogen vent 412 is used to vent nitrogen gas in the refrigeration chamber 411.

[0056] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the refrigeration chamber 41 is also equipped with a nitrogen vent 412, which is connected to an outwardly extending pipe. The nitrogen vent 412 is located at the lower part of the refrigeration chamber 41, meaning that liquid nitrogen can enter the refrigeration chamber 411 from the upper part to exchange heat with the gas in the refrigeration pipe 2. After heat exchange, the liquid nitrogen vaporizes into low-temperature nitrogen gas. Since the low-temperature nitrogen gas has a higher density, it can flow to the bottom of the refrigeration chamber 411 and then be discharged from the nitrogen vent 412. An external recovery device connected to the nitrogen vent 412 can be installed to recycle the nitrogen gas, reduce installation costs, and improve environmental protection.

[0057] In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet cooling system 100 further includes: an impurity gas discharge device 5, which is connected to the superconducting coil cavity 11. The impurity gas discharge device 5 is used to selectively evacuate the superconducting coil cavity 11 and to deliver helium gas into the superconducting coil cavity 11.

[0058] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the superconducting magnet cooling system 100 is also equipped with an impurity gas discharge device 5. The impurity gas discharge device 5 can be connected to the superconducting coil cavity 11 through a pipeline. The impurity gas discharge device 5 is used to selectively evacuate the superconducting coil cavity 11 and to supply helium gas into the superconducting coil cavity 11. That is, the impurity gas discharge device 5 can extract the gas containing impurities in the superconducting coil cavity 11 and then supply pure helium gas into the superconducting coil cavity 11, thereby ensuring that the gas in the superconducting coil cavity 11 is all helium gas for cooling, ensuring the cooling effect. Moreover, the above-mentioned evacuation step and helium gas replenishment step can be repeated multiple times to ensure that the impurity gas is completely discharged, thereby improving the cooling effect of helium gas.

[0059] In some embodiments, the impurity gas discharge device 5 includes a helium tank 51 and a vacuum machine 52, which are selectively connected to the refrigeration pipeline 2. The vacuum machine 52 is used to evacuate the superconducting coil cavity 11, and the helium tank 51 is used to deliver helium into the superconducting coil cavity 11.

[0060] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the impurity gas discharge device 5 is equipped with a helium tank 51 and a vacuum pump 52. The helium tank 51 is selectively connected to the cooling pipeline 2 via a pipeline. A second control valve 511 can be installed in the pipeline. When the second control valve 511 is open, the helium tank 51 can supply helium to the superconducting coil cavity 11 through the cooling pipeline 2. When the second control valve 511 is closed, the helium tank 51 can stop supplying helium to the superconducting coil 12. The vacuum pump 52 is selectively connected to the cooling pipeline 2 via a pipeline. A third control valve 521 can be installed in the pipeline. When the third control valve 521 is open, the vacuum machine 52 can evacuate the gas in the superconducting coil cavity 11 through the cooling pipeline 2. When the third control valve 521 is closed, the vacuum machine 52 can stop evacuating the gas in the superconducting coil 12. The vacuum machine 52 and the helium tank 51 can share part of the cooling pipeline 2, which reduces the installation cost. Both the helium tank 51 and the vacuum machine 52 are equipped with corresponding control valves to ensure the reliability of use.

[0061] In some embodiments, the superconducting magnet device 1 further includes a third cooling assembly 14, which includes a second refrigerator 141 and a condenser 142 connected together. The condenser 142 is located inside the superconducting coil cavity 11 for cooling the gas inside the superconducting coil cavity 11.

[0062] Specifically, the superconducting magnet device 1 is also equipped with a third cooling component 14, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the third refrigeration component 14 is equipped with a second refrigeration unit 141 and a condenser 142. The second refrigeration unit 141 may also be equipped with a cold head, which contacts the condenser 142 to cool the condenser 142. This allows the condenser 142 to cool the gas inside the superconducting coil cavity 11. The condenser 142 may be located at the gas inlet end inside the superconducting coil cavity 11, while the superconducting coil 12 is located at the gas outlet end. This allows the condenser 142 to cool the gas again when it enters the superconducting coil cavity 11. The low-temperature gas, after being cooled three times, has a higher density and can flow to the lower part of the superconducting coil cavity 11 to cool the superconducting coil 12. The gas that has undergone heat exchange inside the superconducting coil cavity 11 can also flow directly from the gas outlet end into the refrigeration pipe 2, increasing the gas flow rate and thus the cooling rate. This maintains the low temperature inside the superconducting coil cavity 11 and ensures reliable refrigeration.

[0063] In some embodiments, the cooling pipeline 2 is provided with an inlet control valve 22 and an outlet control valve 23. The two ends of the cooling pipeline 2 are detachably installed on the superconducting magnet device 1 through the inlet control valve 22 and the outlet control valve 23, respectively. The two ends of the cooling pipeline 2 are selectively connected to the superconducting coil cavity 11 through the inlet control valve 22 and the outlet control valve 23, respectively.

[0064] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cooling pipeline 2 is equipped with an inlet control valve 22 and an outlet control valve 23. One end of the cooling pipeline 2 is detachably connected to the superconducting magnet device 1 through the inlet control valve 22, and the other end of the cooling pipeline 2 is selectively connected to the superconducting coil cavity 11 through the inlet control valve 22. That is, the cooling pipeline 2 as a whole is detachable from the superconducting magnet device 1, and the impurity gas discharge device 5 is also detachable from the superconducting magnet device 1. This allows the cooling pipeline 2 and the impurity gas discharge device 5 to be separated from the superconducting magnet device 1 when cooling is not required, thereby improving the flexibility of use. When cooling is required in the superconducting coil cavity 11, the inlet and outlet can also be adjusted through the inlet control valve 22 and the outlet control valve 23, further improving the flexibility of use.

[0065] In actual use, the complete operation process of the superconducting magnet cooling system 100 is as follows:

[0066] 1. Gas replacement process: Close the second control valve 511, open the inlet control valve 22, the outlet control valve 23 and the third control valve 521, and turn on the vacuum machine 52. The vacuum machine 52 can evacuate the gas in the superconducting coil cavity 11 and the cooling pipe 2 through the cooling pipe 2 to remove impurity gases. When the vacuum degree in the superconducting coil cavity 11 is lower than 10... -2 When the pressure is in the Pa range, close the third control valve 521 and open the second control valve 511. Helium is supplied to the cooling pipeline 2 and the superconducting coil cavity 11 through the helium tank 51 to restore the pressure in the superconducting coil cavity 11 to not less than 1000 Pa. Then close the second control valve 511 and open the third control valve 521 again to evacuate and purge the air. Repeat the above steps at least 3 times to ensure that there are no other impurities in the cooling pipeline 2 and the superconducting coil cavity 11. Then close the second control valve 511, the third control valve 521 and the vacuum machine 52.

[0067] 2. Cooling process: Open the first control valve 421 to inject liquid nitrogen into the cooling chamber 411 through the nitrogen tank to cool the gas in the spiral tube 21 of the cooling pipe 2. Turn on the first refrigerator 31 to cool the heat exchanger 32. Turn on the second refrigerator 141 to cool the superconducting coil cavity 11 through the condenser 142. Open the second control valve 511 to continuously inject helium into the superconducting coil cavity 11 to maintain the pressure in the superconducting coil cavity 11 at 2 x 10⁻⁶. 5 Pa, the gas drive unit 24 is turned on. The gas drive unit 24 can be set as a cryogenic fan to accelerate the flow speed of the gas in the superconducting coil cavity 11 to improve the cooling speed. The superconducting coil 12 begins to cool down under the convection of cryogenic helium. When the temperature of the superconducting coil 12 drops below 80K, the first control valve 421 is closed to stop the injection of liquid nitrogen. When the temperature of the superconducting coil 12 drops below 30K, the gas drive unit 24 is turned off. Under the action of the second refrigerator 141, the superconducting coil 12 can be cooled down to 4.5K to meet the operating temperature of the superconducting coil 12 and ensure the operating stability of the superconducting coil 12.

[0068] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0069] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A superconducting magnet cooling system, characterized in that, include: A superconducting magnet device (1) has a superconducting coil cavity (11) formed inside it, and the superconducting coil cavity (11) is used to install a superconducting coil (12). A cooling pipeline (2) is provided, with both ends of the cooling pipeline (2) connected to the superconducting coil cavity (11). A gas driving element (24) is provided in the cooling pipeline (2), which is used to drive the gas in the superconducting coil cavity (11) into the cooling pipeline (2) and flow back to the superconducting coil cavity (11) after passing through the cooling pipeline (2). A first refrigeration component (3) and a second refrigeration component (4) are arranged sequentially along the refrigeration pipeline (2). The gas in the refrigeration pipeline (2) is adapted to flow through the first refrigeration component (3) so that the first refrigeration component (3) cools the gas in the refrigeration pipeline (2). At least a portion of the refrigeration pipeline (2) passes through the second refrigeration component (4) so ​​that the second refrigeration component (4) cools the gas in the refrigeration pipeline (2). The first refrigeration component (3) includes a first refrigerator (31) and a heat exchanger (32). A heat exchange wall (34) is formed in the heat exchanger (32), and the heat exchange wall (34) defines a heat exchange channel (33). The first refrigerator (31) is used to cool the heat exchange wall (34). The heat exchange channel (33) is connected in series in the refrigeration pipeline (2) and makes the gas in the refrigeration pipeline (2) suitable for heat exchange with the heat exchange wall (34). The second refrigeration component (4) includes a refrigeration box (41) and a liquid nitrogen tank (42). The refrigeration box (41) forms a refrigeration cavity (411). At least a portion of the refrigeration pipeline (2) is located in the refrigeration cavity (411). The liquid nitrogen tank (42) is used to deliver liquid nitrogen into the refrigeration cavity (411) to exchange heat with the gas in the refrigeration pipeline (2).

2. The superconducting magnet cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange channel (33) is provided with an air inlet (35) and an air outlet (36) respectively connected to the refrigeration pipeline (2). The heat exchange channel (33) includes a plurality of annular channels (331) arranged in a radial direction and connected to each other. One of the air inlet (35) and the air outlet (36) is connected to the innermost annular channel (331), and the other of the air inlet (35) and the air outlet (36) is connected to the outermost annular channel (331).

3. The superconducting magnet cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, One of the air inlet (35) and the air outlet (36) extends axially along the annular flow channel (331), and the other of the air inlet (35) and the air outlet (36) extends radially outward along the annular flow channel (331). And / or, two adjacent annular channels (331) are connected by radially extending connecting channels (332), and the two connecting channels (332) connected to each annular channel (331) are connected to the radial sides of the annular channel (331).

4. The superconducting magnet cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The portion of the refrigeration pipe (2) located inside the refrigeration chamber (411) is a spiral pipe (21). And / or, the refrigeration box (41) is provided with a nitrogen vent (412) communicating with the refrigeration chamber (411), the nitrogen vent (412) being used to vent nitrogen gas from the refrigeration chamber (411).

5. The superconducting magnet cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Impurity gas discharge device (5) is connected to the superconducting coil cavity (11). The impurity gas discharge device (5) is used to selectively evacuate the superconducting coil cavity (11) and to deliver helium into the superconducting coil cavity (11).

6. The superconducting magnet cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The impurity gas discharge device (5) includes a helium tank (51) and a vacuum machine (52). The helium tank (51) and the vacuum machine (52) are selectively connected to the refrigeration pipeline (2). The vacuum machine (52) is used to evacuate the superconducting coil cavity (11), and the helium tank (51) is used to deliver helium into the superconducting coil cavity (11).

7. The superconducting magnet cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superconducting magnet device (1) further includes a third cooling component (14), which includes a second refrigerator (141) and a condenser (142) connected together. The condenser (142) is located inside the superconducting coil cavity (11) for cooling the gas inside the superconducting coil cavity (11).

8. The superconducting magnet cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling pipeline (2) is provided with an inlet control valve (22) and an outlet control valve (23). The two ends of the cooling pipeline (2) are detachably installed on the superconducting magnet device (1) through the inlet control valve (22) and the outlet control valve (23), respectively. The two ends of the cooling pipeline (2) are selectively connected to the superconducting coil cavity (11) through the inlet control valve (22) and the outlet control valve (23), respectively.

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