Low-insertion-loss vector synthesis phase shifter

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency microwaves, in particular to a low-insertion-loss vector synthesis phase shifter. Comprising an unequal power divider, a numerical control attenuator, an inverter, a coupler and a switching network. An input signal is input to the input end of the unequal power divider; the unequal power divider is connected with the numerical control attenuator; the numerical control attenuator is connected with the phase inverter; the phase inverter is connected with the coupler; and the coupler is connected with the switching network, and an output port of the switching network outputs an output signal. An input signal is divided into a low-power output branch and a high-power output branch, and the attenuator design of the low-power output branch is used for controlling the whole dynamic range from no attenuation to complete attenuation. The attenuator of the high power output branch is designed to attenuate the branch to a level equal to the initial power of the low power output branch. The invention has the remarkable advantages of low insertion loss, full-coverage wide phase range, high precision and linearity, excellent return loss, simple and compact structure and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radio frequency microwave technology, and in particular to a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter. Background Technology

[0002] Vector synthesizing phase shifters are key components in radio frequency (RF) systems used for signal phase adjustment, widely applied in communications, radar, and phased array antennas. Most existing vector synthesizing phase shifters employ equal power dividers, such as Wilkinson power dividers or 3dB bridges, to split the input signal into two paths. Amplitude and phase are then independently controlled via variable attenuators and phase-shifting networks, and finally synthesized via couplers. However, this equal-segment architecture has significant drawbacks: to achieve the zero-infinity amplitude ratio required for the full phase shift range, both signals typically require attenuators with large attenuation depths. This not only limits the minimum insertion loss of the phase shifter, causing unnecessary power waste, but also increases design complexity due to stringent requirements on the accuracy and area of ​​the attenuators over a wide range. Furthermore, achieving full 360-degree phase shift in existing technologies usually relies on complex switching networks, resulting in a large and complex circuit structure. Therefore, a novel vector synthesizing phase shifter architecture is urgently needed, which can effectively reduce the total dynamic range requirement of the attenuators while achieving low insertion loss, high accuracy, and full 360-degree phase shift coverage through a simple structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in related technologies. To this end, this invention provides a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter, which achieves significant advantages such as low insertion loss, wide phase range with full coverage, high accuracy and linearity, excellent return loss, and simple and compact structure.

[0004] The present invention provides a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter, comprising: an unequal power divider, a first digitally controlled attenuator, a second digitally controlled attenuator, a first 180-degree phase shifter, a second 180-degree phase shifter, a 90-degree coupler, and a switching network; The input signal is input to the input terminal of the unequal power divider; The first output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the first digitally controlled attenuator; The second output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the second digitally controlled attenuator. The output of the first numerically controlled attenuator is connected to the input of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The output of the second digitally controlled attenuator is connected to the input of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The output of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the first input port of the 90-degree coupler; The output of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the second input port of the 90-degree coupler; The first output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the first input port of the switching network; The second output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the second input port of the switching network; The output port of the switching network outputs an output signal.

[0005] According to the present invention, a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter is provided, wherein the unequal power divider includes a first inductor, a first capacitor, a first resistor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, a third inductor, a third capacitor, a fourth inductor, a fourth capacitor, and a fifth capacitor; One end of the first inductor is the input terminal of the unequal power divider; The other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor; One end of the second inductor is connected to one end of the first inductor; The other end of the second inductor is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor; One end of the third inductor is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor; The other end of the third inductor is the first output terminal of the unequal power divider; One end of the fourth inductor is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor; The other end of the fourth inductor is the second output terminal of the unequal power divider; One end of the first capacitor is connected to one end of the first inductor; The other end of the first capacitor is grounded; One end of the second capacitor is connected to one end of the second inductor; The other end of the second capacitor is grounded; One end of the third capacitor is connected to one end of the third inductor; The other end of the third capacitor is grounded. One end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the other end of the fourth inductor; The other end of the fourth capacitor is grounded; One end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor; The other end of the first resistor is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor.

[0006] According to the present invention, a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter is provided, wherein the unequal power divider divides the input signal in a 1:k ratio. 2 The power allocation is such that the power share of the low-power output branch is 1 / (k 2 +1), the power proportion of the high-power output branch is k 2 / (k) 2 +1), where k is the segmentation ratio.

[0007] According to the present invention, a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter is provided, wherein the first digitally controlled attenuator includes several independent units, and the independent units are controlled to switch on and off by digital control signals to achieve adjustment with a fixed step length.

[0008] According to the present invention, a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter is provided, wherein the second digitally controlled attenuator includes several independent units, and the independent units are controlled to switch on and off by digital control signals to achieve adjustment with a fixed step length.

[0009] According to the present invention, a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter is provided, wherein the first 180-degree phase shifter comprises: a first 180-degree phase shifter first digital control signal, a first 180-degree phase shifter second digital control signal, a first 180-degree phase shifter first capacitor, a first 180-degree phase shifter second capacitor, a first 180-degree phase shifter first inductor, a first 180-degree phase shifter second inductor, a first 180-degree phase shifter third inductor, and a first 180-degree phase shifter fourth inductor. One end of the first capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the first inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the first capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the first inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is grounded; The other end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the third inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the fourth inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the first inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the third inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the fourth inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; When the first digital control signal of the first 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the first capacitor, the first inductor, and the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the first 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state. When the second digital control signal of the first 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the third inductor and the fourth inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the first 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state.

[0010] According to the present invention, a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter is provided, wherein the second 180-degree phase shifter comprises: a first digital control signal for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a second digital control signal for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a first capacitor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a second capacitor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a first inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a second inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a third inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, and a fourth inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter. One end of the first capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the first inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the first capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the first inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is grounded; The other end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the third inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter. The other end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the fourth inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the first inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the third inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the fourth inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; When the first digital control signal of the second 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the first capacitor, the first inductor, and the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the second 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state. When the second digital control signal of the second 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the third inductor and the fourth inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the second 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state.

[0011] According to the present invention, a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter is provided, wherein the 90-degree coupler is a Lange coupler, and the 90-degree coupler is used to realize the vector synthesis of signals.

[0012] According to the present invention, a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter is provided, wherein the switching network is a two-set switch structure controlled by digital signals, and the switching network is used to achieve complete phase coverage within a single quadrant.

[0013] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: This invention provides a low-insertion-loss vector synthesis phase shifter that effectively solves the high insertion loss and performance limitations commonly found in traditional phase shifters by innovatively combining an unequal power divider, a digitally controlled attenuator, a 180-degree inverter, a 90-degree coupler, and a switching network. The phase shifter includes an input port, a 1-to-2 unequal power divider, two digitally controlled attenuators, two 180-degree inverters, a 90-degree coupler, a switching network, and an output port. Its core feature is that the unequal power divider splits the input signal into a low-power output branch with a lower power share and a high-power output branch with a higher power share. Each branch is connected to a digitally controlled attenuator. The attenuator for the low-power output branch is designed to achieve dynamic range control from no attenuation to complete attenuation, reducing the branch's power to zero. The attenuator for the high-power output branch is designed to attenuate the initial high-power share of the branch to a level equal to the initial power of the low-power output branch.

[0014] Before the two input ports of the coupler, two 180-degree inverters are connected to the two branches. By using precise step control to coordinate the attenuation values ​​of the two attenuators, the amplitude ratio between the branches can be accurately adjusted. Combined with the quadrant selection function of the inverters, phase shifting across all four quadrants can be achieved. Finally, a set of switching networks is added to the two output ports of the coupler to achieve complete phase coverage within a single quadrant.

[0015] This invention has significant advantages such as low insertion loss, a wide phase range covering 360 degrees, high precision and linearity (achieved through precision step control), excellent return loss, and a simple and compact structure. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter provided by the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the unequal power divider of the low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the digitally controlled attenuator of the low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a 180-degree inverter for the low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a 90-degree coupler for a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the output switching network of the low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter provided by the present invention. Figure 2 . Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this invention but cannot be used to limit the scope of this invention.

[0025] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0026] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 7 This invention is described.

[0027] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The schematic diagram of a low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter includes: an unequal power divider, a first digitally controlled attenuator, a second digitally controlled attenuator, a first 180-degree phase shifter, a second 180-degree phase shifter, a 90-degree coupler, and a switching network. The input signal is input to the input terminal of the unequal power divider; The first output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the first digitally controlled attenuator; The second output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the second digitally controlled attenuator. The output of the first numerically controlled attenuator is connected to the input of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The output of the second digitally controlled attenuator is connected to the input of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The output of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the first input port of the 90-degree coupler; The output of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the second input port of the 90-degree coupler; The first output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the first input port of the switching network; The second output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the second input port of the switching network; The output port of the switching network outputs an output signal.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the unequal power divider includes a first inductor L1, a first capacitor C1, a first resistor R1, a second inductor L2, a second capacitor C2, a third inductor L3, a third capacitor C3, a fourth inductor L4, a fourth capacitor C4, and a fifth capacitor C5. One end of the first inductor L1 is the input terminal of the unequal power divider; The other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor C5; One end of the second inductor L2 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1; The other end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor C5; One end of the third inductor L3 is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor C5; The other end of the third inductor L3 is connected to the input terminal of the first digitally controlled attenuator; One end of the fourth inductor L4 is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor C5; The other end of the fourth inductor L4 is connected to the input end of the second digitally controlled attenuator; One end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1; The other end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded; One end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the second inductor L2; The other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded; One end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to one end of the third inductor L3; The other end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded; One end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the other end of the fourth inductor L4; The other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded; One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor C5; The other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor C5.

[0029] The unequal power divider divides the input signal according to a 1:k ratio. 2 The power allocation is such that the power share of the low-power output branch is 1 / (k 2 +1), the power proportion of the high-power output branch is k 2 / (k) 2 +1), where k is the segmentation ratio.

[0030] This power divider employs a multi-stage L-type LC network for impedance matching and power distribution, and uses isolation resistors for port isolation. For branches designed to output high power share, the second-stage network is designed to achieve a matching transition from the relatively low first intermediate impedance to the standard system load impedance, i.e., low-impedance to high-impedance matching. Conversely, for branches designed to output low power share, the second-stage network is designed to achieve a matching transition from the relatively high second intermediate impedance to the standard system load impedance, i.e., high-impedance to low-impedance matching. Through precise design of the cascaded structure and component parameters of the LC network, this power divider achieves accurate power distribution, excellent port matching, and isolation performance within a compact size and operating frequency band.

[0031] In the amplitude adjustment section, each of the two branches is connected to a high-precision digitally controlled attenuator, employing a resistor-switching attenuation network for digital control. The attenuator in the branch with the lower power share is responsible for attenuating the signal power from its initial value to near zero, while the attenuator in the branch with the higher power share is responsible for attenuating the signal power from its initial value to a level comparable to the initial value of the branch with the lower power share. This asymmetrical attenuation range design fully utilizes the inherent power difference of the power divider, allowing the relative amplitude ratio of the two branches to continuously cover the required full range, thereby meeting the amplitude adjustment requirements of vector synthesis within a single quadrant.

[0032] The first digitally controlled attenuator comprises six independent units, with attenuation values ​​of 0.25dB, 0.5dB, 1dB, 2dB, 4dB, and 8dB respectively. The six units are controlled to switch on and off via digital control signals to achieve a total attenuation range from 0dB to 15.75dB, and are adjusted in 0.25dB increments.

[0033] The second CNC attenuator comprises six independent units, with attenuation values ​​of 0.25dB, 0.5dB, 1dB, 2dB, 4dB, and 8dB respectively. The six units are controlled by digital control signals to achieve a total attenuation range from 0dB to 15.75dB, and are adjusted in high-precision steps of 0.25dB.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, the numerically controlled attenuator network of the ideal phase shifter circuit employs a cascaded structure of six independent attenuation units to achieve high-precision amplitude variation. The attenuation amounts of these six units are 0.25dB, 0.5dB, 1dB, 2dB, 4dB, and 8dB, respectively. The on / off state of each unit is independently controlled by the digital control word Ctrl signal, ultimately achieving a total attenuation range from 0dB to 15.75dB, adjusted in high-precision steps of 0.25dB. Each attenuation unit corresponds to one control bit, and the six units together form a six-bit control word, enabling a total of 64 attenuation states. By optimizing the dimensions of the resistors and switching transistors, this network can precisely control the attenuation amount of each attenuation unit, ensuring that the minimum step accuracy of 0.25dB is met when cascaded, thus providing high linearity and high-resolution amplitude control for the vector synthesis phase shifter.

[0035] To achieve full-phase coverage, this embodiment of the invention connects a 180-degree inverter after the attenuator, employing a high-linearity switch to control the phase shift state switching. By controlling the on / off combinations of the two inverters, four basic phase shift states can be generated, mapping the synthesized vector operation to all four quadrants. Subsequently, the signal enters a 90-degree coupler for vector synthesis, with its two output ports generating complementary phase shift characteristics. By selecting appropriate output ports and cooperating with the preceding inverter and attenuator system, the switching network at the output end ultimately achieves continuous and precise control across the entire phase range.

[0036] Specifically, the first 180-degree phase shifter includes: a first digital control signal for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a second digital control signal for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a first capacitor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a second capacitor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a first inductor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a second inductor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a third inductor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, and a fourth inductor for the first 180-degree phase shifter. One end of the first capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the first inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the first capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the first inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is grounded; The other end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the third inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the fourth inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the first inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the third inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the fourth inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; When the first digital control signal of the first 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the first capacitor, the first inductor, and the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the first 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state. When the second digital control signal of the first 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the third inductor and the fourth inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the first 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state.

[0037] The second 180-degree phase shifter includes: a first digital control signal for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a second digital control signal for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a first capacitor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a second capacitor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a first inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a second inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a third inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, and a fourth inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter. One end of the first capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the first inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the first capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the first inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is grounded; The other end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the third inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter. The other end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the fourth inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the first inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the third inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the fourth inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; When the first digital control signal of the second 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the first capacitor, the first inductor, and the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the second 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state. When the second digital control signal of the second 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the third inductor and the fourth inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the second 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the 180-degree inverter network of the ideal phase shifter circuit employs a topology that uses switch control to select between the high-pass and low-pass networks to achieve a precise 180-degree relative phase shift. This design is particularly suitable for quadrant switching functions in RF integrated circuits. The inverter consists of two parallel LC networks, switched by complementary first digital control signals Ctrla and Ctrlb: when Ctrla is high, the high-pass network is conducted by the inverter's first capacitor C21, first inductor L21, second inductor L22, and their switches; when Ctrlb is high, the low-pass network is conducted by the inverter's third inductor L23, fourth inductor L24, and their switches. By ensuring that Ctrla and Ctrlb are always complementary, the circuit achieves fast switching between the two states. By precisely designing the values ​​of capacitors and inductors, it is possible to ensure that the insertion loss and input / output impedance matching remain highly consistent in both 0-degree and 180-degree states. This superior balance enables it to effectively switch quadrants and flexibly map the synthesized vector to the four quadrants, thereby achieving 360-degree full phase coverage in conjunction with amplitude adjustment, while minimizing amplitude fluctuations.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the 90-degree coupler is a Lange coupler, which is used to realize the vector synthesis of signals.

[0040] The 90-degree coupler network of the phase shifter circuit employs a two-order LC-type lumped-parameter coupler topology. This network is constructed using two parallel transmission lines and their coupling structure, specifically including a series inductor, a parallel capacitor to ground, and a coupling capacitor placed between the two lines. This structure simulates the characteristics of a distributed Lange coupler; its core function is to orthogonally synthesize signals from two branches, providing a precise 90-degree phase difference between the two output ports and distributing the energy of the input signal. Through precise design and optimization of the lumped-parameter elements, this two-order structure ensures excellent port matching and isolation performance across the entire operating frequency range. In the vector synthesizer phase shifter architecture, this coupler adds two orthogonal signal vectors, amplitude-adjusted and switched between 0 and 180 degrees, to form a synthesized vector with arbitrary phase at the output, serving as the final step in achieving full 360-degree phase coverage.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the switch network is a two-set switch structure controlled by digital signals, used to achieve complete phase coverage within a single quadrant. It mainly consists of variable impedance MOS transistors or PIN diodes and upper terminating resistors Ra and Rb. Controlled by complementary digital control signals, a first switch control signal Ctrl1 and a second switch control signal Ctrlb1, only one signal path is active at any given time, ensuring precise signal selection. When an input path is selected, the switch on that path is in a low-impedance state, while the other unselected path is effectively matched by the terminating resistors, thereby achieving high isolation and low insertion loss.

[0042] Example 2 The connection relationships in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, specifically: The input signal is input to the input terminal of the unequal power divider; The first output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the first digitally controlled attenuator; The second output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the second digitally controlled attenuator. The output terminal of the first numerically controlled attenuator is connected to the first input port of the 90-degree coupler; The output of the second numerically controlled attenuator is connected to the second input port of the 90-degree coupler; The first output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the input terminal of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The second output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the input terminal of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The output of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the first input port of the switching network; The output of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the second input port of the switching network; The output port of the switching network outputs an output signal.

[0043] The specific internal structure of the same module in Example 2 and the resulting technical effects are completely consistent with those in Example 1.

[0044] The specific embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the core idea of ​​the present invention. For example, adjusting the number of stages and parameters of the LC network of the power divider to achieve different power distribution ratios and bandwidth characteristics, or adjusting the stepping and cascading units of the digitally controlled attenuator, or using other types of inverter structures and coupler topologies, etc. It should be emphasized that the specific circuit topology diagrams of the unequal power divider, digitally controlled attenuator, 180-degree inverter, and 90-degree coupler shown in the accompanying drawings are only preferred and non-limiting embodiments for realizing the core idea of ​​the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should not be limited to these specific circuit diagrams or component parameters. Any circuit structure and implementation method based on the vector synthesis principle of unequal power distribution, that is, by dividing the input signal into two branches with unequal power shares, and then precisely adjusting the amplitude ratio of these two branches and combining it with phase switching to achieve the target phase shift, as long as its technical solution falls within the core technical idea and spirit of this patent, should be considered within the scope of the claims of this patent.

[0045] While this disclosure has been described with reference to several specific embodiments, it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed. This disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter, characterized in that, include: Unequal power divider, first digitally controlled attenuator, second digitally controlled attenuator, first 180-degree phase shifter, second 180-degree phase shifter, 90-degree coupler and switching network; The connection relationship is as follows: The input signal is input to the input terminal of the unequal power divider; The first output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the first digitally controlled attenuator; The second output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the second digitally controlled attenuator. The output of the first numerically controlled attenuator is connected to the input of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The output of the second digitally controlled attenuator is connected to the input of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The output of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the first input port of the 90-degree coupler; The output of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the second input port of the 90-degree coupler; The first output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the first input port of the switching network; The second output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the second input port of the switching network; The output port of the switching network outputs an output signal; Or its connection relationship is: The input signal is input to the input terminal of the unequal power divider; The first output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the first digitally controlled attenuator; The second output terminal of the unequal power divider is connected to the input terminal of the second digitally controlled attenuator. The output terminal of the first numerically controlled attenuator is connected to the first input port of the 90-degree coupler; The output of the second numerically controlled attenuator is connected to the second input port of the 90-degree coupler; The first output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the input terminal of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The second output port of the 90-degree coupler is connected to the input terminal of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The output of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the first input port of the switching network; The output of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the second input port of the switching network; The output port of the switching network outputs an output signal.

2. The low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unequal power divider includes a first inductor, a first capacitor, a first resistor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, a third inductor, a third capacitor, a fourth inductor, a fourth capacitor, and a fifth capacitor; One end of the first inductor is the input terminal of the unequal power divider; The other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor; One end of the second inductor is connected to one end of the first inductor; The other end of the second inductor is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor; One end of the third inductor is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor; The other end of the third inductor is the first output terminal of the unequal power divider; One end of the fourth inductor is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor; The other end of the fourth inductor is the second output terminal of the unequal power divider; One end of the first capacitor is connected to one end of the first inductor; The other end of the first capacitor is grounded; One end of the second capacitor is connected to one end of the second inductor; The other end of the second capacitor is grounded; One end of the third capacitor is connected to one end of the third inductor; The other end of the third capacitor is grounded. One end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the other end of the fourth inductor; The other end of the fourth capacitor is grounded; One end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the fifth capacitor; The other end of the first resistor is connected to the other end of the fifth capacitor.

3. The low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unequal power divider divides the input signal according to a 1:k ratio. 2 The power allocation is such that the power share of the low-power output branch is 1 / (k 2 +1), the power proportion of the high-power output branch is k 2 / (k) 2 +1), where k is the segmentation ratio.

4. A low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first numerically controlled attenuator includes several independent units, which are controlled by digital control signals to achieve adjustment with a fixed step length.

5. A low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second digitally controlled attenuator includes several independent units, which are controlled by digital control signals to achieve adjustment with a fixed step length.

6. A low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first 180-degree phase shifter includes: a first digital control signal for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a second digital control signal for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a first capacitor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a second capacitor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a first inductor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a second inductor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, a third inductor for the first 180-degree phase shifter, and a fourth inductor for the first 180-degree phase shifter. One end of the first capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the first inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the first capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the first inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is grounded; The other end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the third inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the second capacitor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the fourth inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the first inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the third inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the fourth inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the first 180-degree phase shifter; When the first digital control signal of the first 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the first capacitor, the first inductor, and the second inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the first 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state. When the second digital control signal of the first 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the third inductor and the fourth inductor of the first 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the first 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state.

7. A low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second 180-degree phase shifter includes: a first digital control signal for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a second digital control signal for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a first capacitor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a second capacitor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a first inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a second inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, a third inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter, and a fourth inductor for the second 180-degree phase shifter. One end of the first capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the first inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the first capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the first inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is grounded; The other end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the other end of the third inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter. The other end of the second capacitor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to one end of the fourth inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the first inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; One end of the third inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the input port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; The other end of the fourth inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter is connected to the output port of the second 180-degree phase shifter; When the first digital control signal of the second 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the first capacitor, the first inductor, and the second inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the second 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state. When the second digital control signal of the second 180-degree phase shifter is at a high level, the third inductor and the fourth inductor of the second 180-degree phase shifter are turned on, and the second 180-degree phase shifter is in a high-pass state.

8. A low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 90-degree coupler is a Lange coupler, which is used to realize the vector synthesis of signals.

9. A low insertion loss vector synthesis phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching network consists of two sets of digitally controlled switches, which are used to achieve complete phase coverage within a single quadrant.

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