Sunscreen compositions and methods of use

Abstract

Disclosed is a sunscreen composition comprising avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and aluminum starch octenylsuccinate. Also disclosed is a method for protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation, the method comprising topically applying to the skin a composition comprising an effective amount of avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and aluminum starch octenylsuccinate.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 471,383, filed June 6, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Technology

[0003] I. Field of Invention

[0004] The present invention generally relates to sun protection compositions having a sun protection factor (SPF), and methods comprising such compositions for protecting skin from the harmful effects of exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from the sun.

[0005] II. Related Technical Description

[0006] Certain sunscreen compositions are known in the art. Many conventional sunscreen compositions rely on chemical ultraviolet (UV) radiation filtering ingredients to achieve the appropriate SPF to protect the skin from UV radiation exposure. When applied to the skin, these conventional sunscreen compositions produce a greasy, unpleasant feel because a high concentration of chemical UV filters is required in the composition to achieve the desired SPF value.

[0007] One of the ingredients used as a solubilizer for UV filters and other chemical UV filters in sunscreen compositions is homosalate. Given the potential endocrine-disrupting properties of homosalate, its use in sunscreen compositions at concentrations greater than 10% is not recommended. To reduce the amount of homosalate in a sunscreen composition while maintaining the desired SPF after reducing or eliminating homosalate, oils can be added to the composition. These oils added as substitutes for homosalate can increase the greasiness of the composition when applied to the skin.

[0008] For UV-filtering ingredients to provide uniform protection for the skin (e.g., to prevent UV damage or changes in UV exposure levels), they must form a uniform film covering the skin. Oily or greasy compositions cannot spread evenly on the skin and tend to migrate and accumulate from the application point, or are easily removed from the skin. In addition to lacking a pharmaceutically or cosmetically elegant feel, sunscreen compositions containing little or no homosalides may also exhibit a reduction in the effective SPF provided by the active UV-filtering ingredients.

[0009] Others have attempted to create compositions and methods for protecting skin from UV radiation exposure from the sun, using reduced amounts of homosalate or incorporating homosalate. However, many attempts have been ineffective, achieving only one or a few undesirable results or exhibiting unacceptable side effects. Therefore, there is a need for new, pharmaceutically or cosmetically elegant sunscreen compositions that are virtually free of or contain no homosalate, yet still effectively protect the skin from UV radiation. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Solutions have been found for at least one or more problems associated with conventional sunscreen compositions. In one aspect, the solution lies in sunscreen compositions comprising a combination of UVA and UVB filters and aluminum starch octenyl succinate, which provides the desired SPF (e.g., greater than 30) to protect the skin from UVA and UVB radiation and has a pharmaceutically or cosmetically elegant feel. In some aspects, such sunscreen compositions are virtually free of or contain no homosalates, yet still exhibit these desirable properties. Not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that including aluminum starch octenyl succinate in the composition reduces the oiliness or greasiness of the composition; reduces the greasiness and unpleasant feel of the composition when applied to the skin; and helps reduce the oiliness of the skin surface. Compositions containing aluminum starch octenyl succinate can also be more easily applied to the skin in a uniform layer, which can increase the effective SPF value of the composition.

[0011] In one aspect, a sunscreen composition comprising an organic UV filter and aluminum octenyl succinate starch is disclosed. In some aspects, the composition does not contain homosalate. In some aspects, the sunscreen composition may have a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least, at most, and exactly 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70, or between any two of the foregoing values, including any range or value derived therefrom. In some aspects, the sunscreen composition may have an SPF of about 30. In some aspects, the sunscreen composition may have an SPF of about 40. In some aspects, the sunscreen composition may have an SPF of about 50.

[0012] In some aspects, the organic UV filter includes a combination of avobenzone, octocrylene, and octyl salicylate. In some aspects, the sunscreen composition contains 10% to 20% by weight of an organic UV filter. In some aspects, the sunscreen composition contains 2% to 5% by weight of avobenzone; 8% to 11% by weight of octocrylene; and / or 2% to 5% by weight of octyl salicylate. In some aspects, the sunscreen composition contains about 3% by weight of avobenzone; about 9% by weight of octocrylene; and / or about 3% by weight of octyl salicylate. In some aspects, the composition contains one or more additional organic UV filters. In some aspects, the composition does not contain a water-soluble UV filter.

[0013] In some aspects, the sunscreen composition contains 0.01% to 5% by weight of aluminum starch octenyl succinate. In other aspects, the sunscreen composition contains about 1% by weight of aluminum starch octenyl succinate.

[0014] Therefore, in some aspects, the sunscreen compositions disclosed herein comprise 2% to 5% avobenzone; 8% to 11% octocrylene; 2% to 5% octyl salicylate; and / or 0.01% to 5% aluminum starch octenyl succinate. In some aspects, the sunscreen compositions disclosed herein comprise about 3% avobenzone; about 9% octocrylene; about 3% octyl salicylate; and / or about 1% aluminum starch octenyl succinate.

[0015] In some respects, the sunscreen composition may also contain one or more of the ingredients described herein. For example, the sunscreen composition may also contain water, antioxidants, emulsifiers, surfactants, film-forming agents, chelating agents, humectants, preservatives, and / or thickeners.

[0016] In some aspects, the sunscreen composition may also contain any one, any combination of, or all of the following: capryl methicone, cetearyl alcohol polyether-25, disodium disodium cocoyl ethylenediamine PEG-15 disulfide, PVP / eicosene copolymer, glyceryl stearate, beeswax, glycerin, disodium EDTA, hydroxyacetophenone, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / VP copolymer, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, polydimethylsiloxane, and / or silica. In some aspects, the sunscreen composition may also contain any one, any combination of, or all of the following: niacinamide, encapsulated resveratrol, oligopeptide-1, and / or Opuntia ficus-indica fruit extract. In some respects, the sunscreen composition may also contain any one, any combination of, or all of the following: cetearyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, caprylyl glycol, hexylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, decanediol, Cestrum latifolium leaf extract, calcium ketogluconate, tripeptide-1, Centella asiatica meristem extract, Silybum marianum extract, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, sodium PCA, Alpinia galanga leaf extract, and / or Saussurea involucrate extract.

[0017] Therefore, in some aspects, the sunscreen compositions disclosed herein comprise avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, aluminum octenyl succinate starch, octyl polymethylsiloxane, cetearyl alcohol polyether-25, disodium disodium cocoyl ethylenediamine PEG-15 disulfide, PVP / eicosene copolymer, glyceryl stearate, beeswax, glycerin, disodium EDTA, p-hydroxyacetophenone, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / VP copolymer, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, polydimethylsiloxane, and silica. In some aspects, the sunscreen compositions disclosed herein include avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, aluminum octenyl succinate starch, octyl polymethylsiloxane, cetearyl alcohol polyether-25, disodium disodium cocoyl ethylenediamine PEG-15 disulfide, PVP / eicosene copolymer, glyceryl stearate, beeswax, glycerin, disodium EDTA, p-hydroxyacetophenone, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / VP copolymer, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, polydimethylsiloxane, silica, niacinamide, encapsulated resveratrol, oligopeptide-1, and prickly pear fruit extract. In some aspects, the sunscreen compositions disclosed herein include avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, aluminum octenyl succinate starch, octyl polymethylsiloxane, cetearyl alcohol polyether-25, disodium PEG-15 disulfide, PVP / eicosene copolymer, glyceryl stearate, beeswax, glycerin, disodium EDTA, p-hydroxyacetophenone, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / VP copolymer, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, polydimethylsiloxane, silica, cetearyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, caprylyl glycol, isohexyl glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, decanediol, *Cestrum nocturnum* leaf extract, calcium ketogluconate, tripeptide-1, *Centella asiatica* meristem extract, milk thistle extract, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, sodium PCA, cardamom leaf extract, and snow lotus extract.

[0018] In some respects, the sunscreen composition is an emulsion, lotion, cream, gel, spray, or ointment. In some respects, there is no significant increase in the oiliness of the skin surface after application of the sunscreen composition. In some respects, the sunscreen composition forms a uniform layer after application to the skin.

[0019] In another aspect of this disclosure, a method of using the sunscreen composition disclosed herein, comprising an organic UV filter and aluminum octenyl succinate, is described. In some aspects, methods for protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation are disclosed. In some aspects, the method comprises topically applying to the skin any of the sunscreen compositions disclosed herein, said sunscreen composition comprising effective amounts of avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and aluminum octenyl succinate. In some aspects, the composition does not contain homosalate. In some aspects, the composition does not contain a water-soluble UV filter.

[0020] The composition can be applied to facial skin, arm skin, hand skin, back skin, neck skin, leg skin, foot skin, abdominal skin, etc. In some cases, the sunscreen composition is applied to facial skin. In some cases, the sunscreen composition is applied to the user's arm or hand skin. In some cases, the sunscreen composition is combined with one or more other skin care compositions before application to the skin.

[0021] In some respects, prior to application of the composition, the skin is prone to sunburn and / or excessive melanin production after sun exposure. In some respects, the skin is not sunburned. In some respects, the skin is treated to reduce or prevent sunburn. In some respects, the skin is treated to reduce or prevent excessive melanin production after sun exposure. In some respects, there is no significant increase in the oiliness of the skin surface after application of the composition. In some respects, after application of the composition, the composition forms a uniform layer on the skin surface. In some respects, the composition is combined with one or more other skin care compositions prior to application to the skin.

[0022] In some respects, the sunscreen compositions disclosed herein may be pharmaceutically elegant or cosmetically elegant, or may have pleasant tactile properties. "Pharmaceutically elegant," "cosmetically elegant," and / or "pleasant tactile properties" describe compositions having specific tactile properties that feel comfortable on the skin (e.g., compositions that are not too thin or too oily, compositions with a silky texture, compositions that are non-sticky or non-viscous, etc.). Pharmaceutical elegance or cosmetic elegance may also relate to the creamy or lubricating nature of the composition, or the moisturizing properties of the composition.

[0023] In some cases, the sunscreen composition is applied to the skin daily or multiple times weekly. In some cases, the composition can be applied to the skin once, twice, three times, four times, five times, or more than five times daily. In some cases, the composition can be applied to the skin once, twice, three times, four times, five times, six times, seven times, or more than seven times weekly. In some cases, the composition can be applied to the skin approximately three times daily. In some cases, the composition can be applied to the skin more than three times daily. In some cases, the composition can be applied to the skin approximately seven times weekly.

[0024] In some respects, the sunscreen composition may be combined with one or more skincare compositions for the treatment of the skin. In some cases, one or more skincare compositions impart smoothing, hydrating, and / or anti-aging effects to the skin. In some cases, one or more skincare compositions are applied to the skin before the sunscreen composition is applied. In some cases, one or more skincare compositions are applied to the skin after the sunscreen composition is applied. In some cases, one or more skincare compositions are applied to the skin simultaneously with the sunscreen composition.

[0025] In some aspects, the compositions of the present invention are formulated as topical skin compositions. The compositions may have a dermatologically acceptable carrier or vessel for the compounds, compositions, and extracts. The compositions of the present invention may also contain any one, any combination, or all of the following additional ingredients: water, conditioning agents, chelating agents, moisturizers, humectants, surfactants, oils, pH adjusters, inorganic salts, preservatives, thickeners, polysiloxane-containing compounds, essential oils, structuring agents, vitamins, pharmaceutical ingredients or antioxidants, other ingredients identified in this specification or other ingredients known in the art, or any combination or mixture of these ingredients. In some aspects, the compositions may contain at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, or more than seventeen, or all, of the additional ingredients identified in the preceding sentence. Non-limiting examples of these additional ingredients are identified throughout the specification and are incorporated herein by reference. The amounts of these components may be from 0.0001% to 99.9% of the weight or volume of the composition, or any integer or range thereof as disclosed in other parts of this specification, which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0026] In a non-limiting aspect, the pH of the composition can be from about 6 to about 9. In some aspects, the pH can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 (including any derivative range or value therein). The composition may contain triglycerides. Non-limiting examples include short-chain triglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, and long-chain triglycerides. In some aspects, the triglyceride is a medium-chain triglyceride (e.g., caprylic / capric triglyceride). The composition may also contain a preservative. Non-limiting examples of preservatives include phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, propylparaben, or any mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the composition is free of parabens.

[0027] The composition can be a lotion, cream, body lotion, face mask, scrub, gel, serum, emulsion (e.g., oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-polysiloxane, polysiloxane-in-water, water-in-oil-in-water, oil-in-water-in-oil, polysiloxane-in-water-in-oil, etc.), solution (e.g., containing aqueous or hydroalcoholic solutions), anhydrous base (e.g., lipstick or powder), ointment, milk, cream, aerosol, solid form, eye gel, etc. The composition can be in powder form (e.g., dried, lyophilized, granular, etc.). The composition can be formulated for topical application to the skin at least once, twice, three times, four times, five times, six times, seven times, or more than seven times daily during use. In some aspects of the invention, the composition can be storage-stable or color-stable, or both. It is also envisioned that the viscosity of the composition can be selected to achieve the desired results. For example, depending on the type of composition desired, the viscosity of such composition can range from about 1 cps to well over 1 million cps or any derivative range or integer therefrom (e.g., 2 cps, 3 cps, 4 cps, 5 cps, 6 cps, 7 cps, 8 cps, 9 cps, 10 cps, 20 cps, 30 cps, 40 cps, 50 cps, 60 cps, 70 cps, 80 cps, 90 cps, 100 cps, 200 cps, 300 cps, 400 cps, 500 cps, 600 cps, 700 cps, 800 cps, 900 cps, 1000 cps, 2000 cps, 3000 cps, 4000 cps, 5000 cps, 6000 cps, 70 ...0 cps, 1000 cps, 2000 cps, 00cps, 8000cps, 9000cps, 10000cps, 20000cps, 30000cps, 40000cps, 50000cps, 60000 cps, 70000cps, 80000cps, 90000cps, 100000cps, 200000cps, 300000cps, 400000cps, 5 00000cps, 600000cps, 700000cps, 800000cps, 900000cps, 1000000cps, 2000000cps, 3000000cps, 4000000cps, 5000000cps, 10000000cps, etc. (measured using a TC rotor at 2.5 rpm at 25°C with a Brinell viscometer).

[0028] In some respects, the composition is applied to clean skin. It is also envisioned that the compositions disclosed throughout the specification can be used as leave-on or rinse-off compositions. For example, a leave-on composition may be a composition applied topically to the skin and left on the skin for a period of time (e.g., at least 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, or 30 minutes, or at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 hours, or overnight or all day). In some cases, the composition is left on the skin to be absorbed. Alternatively, a rinse-off composition may be a product designed to be applied to the skin and then removed or rinsed off from the skin (e.g., with water) within a period of time, such as less than 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 minute. Examples of rinse-off compositions include skin cleansers, shampoos, conditioners, or soaps. Examples of leave-in compositions include sunscreens, skin moisturizers, face masks, night creams, or day creams.

[0029] Kits comprising the compositions of the present invention are also envisioned. In some embodiments, the composition is contained in a container. The container may be a bottle, dispenser, or package. The container may dispense a predetermined amount of the composition. In some aspects, the composition is dispensed in the form of a spray, mist, clump, or liquid. The surface of the container may include markings. The markings may be words, abbreviations, pictures, or symbols.

[0030] Products comprising the compositions of the present invention are also considered. In a non-limiting respect, the product may be a cosmetic. A cosmetic may be one of those described in other parts of this specification or those known to those skilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of products include sunscreens, moisturizers, creams, lotions, ointments, skin softeners, serums, sprays, gels, lotions, body lotions, scrubs, foundations, night creams, lipsticks, facial cleansers, toners, face masks, anti-aging products, deodorants, antiperspirants, perfumes, colognes, etc.

[0031] "Topical application" refers to applying or smearing a composition onto the surface of the lips or stratum corneum. "Topical skin compositions" include compositions suitable for topical application to the skin, lips, and / or stratum corneum. Such compositions are generally dermatologically acceptable because they do not exhibit excessive toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic reactions, etc., when applied to the lips, skin, and / or stratum corneum. The topical skin care compositions of the present invention may have a selected viscosity to avoid significant dripping or accumulation after application to the lips, skin, and / or stratum corneum.

[0032] In the context of this invention, aspects 1 to 26 are also disclosed. Aspect 1 is a sunscreen composition comprising avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and aluminum octenyl succinate. Aspect 2 is a sunscreen composition according to aspect 1, wherein the composition does not contain homosalate. Aspect 3 is a sunscreen composition according to aspect 1 or aspect 2, wherein the composition comprises one or more additional organic UV filters. Aspect 4 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the composition does not contain a water-soluble UV filter. Aspect 5 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the composition comprises: 2% to 5% by weight of avobenzone; 8% to 11% by weight of octocrylene; 2% to 5% by weight of octyl salicylate; and / or 0.01% to 5% by weight of aluminum octenyl succinate. Aspect 6 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the composition comprises: about 3% by weight of avobenzone; about 9% by weight of octocrylene; about 3% by weight of octyl salicylate; and / or about 1% by weight of aluminum starch octenyl succinate. Aspect 7 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, further comprising: water; an antioxidant; an emulsifier; a surfactant; a film-forming agent; a chelating agent; a moisturizer; a preservative; and / or a thickener. Aspect 8 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, further comprising octyl polymethylsiloxane, cetearyl alcohol polyether-25, disodium disodium cocoyl ethylenediamine PEG-15 disulfide (surfactant), PVP / eicosene copolymer, glyceryl stearate, beeswax, glycerin, disodium EDTA, p-hydroxyacetophenone, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / VP copolymer, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, dimethyl alkyl oil and / or silica. Aspect 9 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, further comprising niacinamide, encapsulated resveratrol, oligopeptide-1 and / or prickly pear fruit extract. Aspect 10 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, further comprising cetearyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, caprylyl glycol, isohexyl glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, decanediol, *Cestrum nocturnum* leaf extract, calcium ketogluconate, tripeptide-1, *Centella asiatica* meristem extract, milk thistle extract, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, sodium PCA, cardamom leaf extract, and / or snow lotus extract. Aspect 11 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the composition is an emulsion, lotion, gel, or ointment. Aspect 12 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the composition has a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 20, for example, 20 to 50. Aspect 13 is a sunscreen composition according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the composition has a sun protection factor (SPF) of about 30.

[0033] Aspect 14 is a method for protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation, the method comprising topically applying to the skin a composition comprising effective amounts of avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and aluminum octenyl succinate. Aspect 15 is the method of aspect 14, wherein the composition does not contain homosalate. Aspect 16 is the method of aspect 14 or aspect 15, wherein the composition does not contain a water-soluble UV filter. Aspect 17 is the method of any one of aspects 14 to 16, wherein the composition comprises: 2% to 5% by weight of avobenzone; 8% to 11% by weight of octocrylene; 2% to 5% by weight of octyl salicylate; and / or 0.1% to 3% by weight of aluminum octenyl succinate. Aspect 18 is the method of any one of aspects 14 to 17, wherein the skin is susceptible to sunburn and / or hypermelanin production after sun exposure, and / or wherein applying the composition to the skin before sun exposure reduces the risk of sunburn and / or hypermelanin production upon sun exposure. Aspect 19 is a method of any one of Aspects 14 to 18, wherein the skin is not sunburned. Aspect 20 is a method of any one of Aspects 14 to 19, wherein the skin is treated to reduce or prevent melanin production in the skin. Aspect 21 is a method of any one of Aspects 14 to 20, wherein the skin is treated to reduce or prevent sunburn. Aspect 22 is a method of any one of Aspects 14 to 21, wherein there is no significant increase in the oiliness of the skin surface after application of the composition. Aspect 23 is a method of any one of Aspects 1 to 22, wherein after application of the composition, the composition forms a uniform layer on the skin surface. Aspect 24 is a method of any one of Aspects 14 to 23, wherein the composition is applied to facial skin. Aspect 25 is a method of any one of Aspects 14 to 24, wherein the composition is applied to the skin of the user's arm or hand. Aspect 26 is a method of any one of Aspects 14 to 25, wherein the composition is combined with one or more other skin care compositions before application to the skin. Aspect 27 is a method of any one of aspects 14 to 26, wherein the composition is a sunscreen composition of any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0034] "Keratinous tissue" includes the keratin-containing layer that serves as the outermost protective covering of mammals, and includes, but is not limited to, the lips, skin, hair, and nails.

[0035] The term "about" or "approximately" is defined as close to what a person skilled in the art would understand. In one non-limiting embodiment, the term is defined as within 10%, preferably within 5%, more preferably within 1%, and most preferably within 0.5%.

[0036] The term “substantially” and its variations are defined as primarily, but not necessarily entirely, as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, and in a non-limiting embodiment, substantially means within 10%, within 5%, within 1%, or within 0.5%.

[0037] The terms “inhibit” or “reduce” or any variations thereof include any measurable reduction or complete inhibition to achieve a desired result. The terms “promote” or “increase” or any variations thereof include any measurable increase, such as a measurable increase in a protein or molecule (e.g., matrix proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, collagen, or elastin, or molecules such as hyaluronic acid), to achieve a desired result.

[0038] As used in the specification and / or claims, the term "effective" means sufficient to achieve the desired, anticipated, or intended result.

[0039] When used in the claims and / or description in conjunction with the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or “containing,” or any variations thereof, an element without a quantifier may indicate “one / kind,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one / kind or more / kinds,” “at least one / kind,” and “one / kind or more than one / kind.”

[0040] As used in this specification and claims, the words “comprising,” “having,” “including,” or “containing,” and variations thereof, are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unlisted elements or method steps.

[0041] The compositions and methods of use thereof may “comprising,” “substantially constitute,” or “consist of” any of the ingredients or steps disclosed in this specification. Regarding the phrase “substantially constitute,” a fundamental and novel characteristic of the compositions and methods of the present invention is the ability to protect the skin from UV radiation (e.g., sunlight).

[0042] It is contemplated that any aspect discussed in this disclosure can be implemented with respect to any method or composition of the invention, and vice versa. Furthermore, the compositions of this disclosure can be used to implement the methods of this disclosure.

[0043] Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. However, it should be understood that while the detailed description and examples indicate specific aspects of the invention, they are given by way of illustration only. Furthermore, changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. Detailed Implementation

[0044] As described above, the present invention addresses certain needs by providing a sunscreen composition that provides a desired SPF (e.g., greater than 30) to protect the skin from UVA and UVB radiation from the sun, and has a pharmaceutically or cosmetically elegant feel. The sunscreen composition comprises a combination of UVA and UVB filters, aluminum octenyl succinate starch, and optionally, is virtually free of or contains no homosalate. In some aspects, the sunscreen composition has pleasant tactile properties (e.g., less greasy or less oily when applied to the skin) and leaves less oil on the skin surface compared to conventional sunscreens. In some aspects, the less greasy or less oily sunscreen composition can be more easily applied as a uniform film covering the skin, which can increase the effective SPF value of the composition.

[0045] Some of the compositions disclosed herein are designed for use as topical compositions. The compositions rely on a unique combination of any one, any combination, or all of octyl salicylate, avobenzone, octocrylene, and aluminum starch octenyl succinate. These combinations can be used to produce topical compositions that protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation, reduce or prevent sunburn, and / or reduce or prevent excessive melanin production caused by sun exposure and / or UV radiation exposure. Non-limiting examples of such compositions are provided in Tables 1 through 5 of Examples 1 to 2 below.

[0046] Some of the compositions disclosed herein can be applied to the skin and remain on the skin for a period of time (e.g., at least 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, or 60 minutes or more), after which the composition can be reapplied or rinsed off the skin if necessary. Some compositions are designed to remain on the skin. Some of the compositions disclosed herein can be applied to the skin and at least partially absorbed by the skin. Some of the compositions disclosed herein can be applied to the skin and immediately rinsed off the skin.

[0047] These and other non-limiting aspects of the invention are described in the following sections.

[0048] I. Active Ingredients

[0049] This disclosure includes sunscreen compositions comprising a combination of UVA and UVB filters with aluminum octenyl succinate starch, which can be applied topically to protect the skin from UV radiation (e.g., sunlight), reduce or prevent sunburn, and / or reduce or prevent excessive melanin production due to sunlight exposure and / or UV radiation exposure. The combination of UVA and UVB filters may include at least avobenzone, octocrylene, and octyl salicylate.

[0050] Avobenzone, also known as butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane or 4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane, is an oil-soluble chemical reagent having the following structure:

[0051] .

[0052] Avobenzone absorbs UV radiation from approximately 310 nm to 400 nm, covering the UVA range. Avobenzone is one of the very few chemical sunscreens with good UVA spectral coverage and is used in products to absorb the full spectrum of UVA rays. Avobenzone degrades in sunlight and loses its effectiveness over time. It is typically used in conjunction with stabilizers such as octocrylene or homosalate. It is an organic compound and is commercially available from a wide range of sources.

[0053] In some aspects, the composition comprises 2% to 5% by weight of avobenzone. In a non-limiting aspect, for example, the composition in its final form may comprise, substantially constitute, or consist of, for example, at least, at most, exactly, between (including or excluding) two of the following weight percentages, or about the following weight percentages of avobenzone: 2% by weight, 2.01% by weight, 2.02% by weight, 2.03% by weight, 2.04% by weight, 2.05% by weight, 2.06% by weight, 2.07% by weight, 2.08% by weight, 2.09% by weight, 2.1% by weight, 2.11% by weight, 2.12% by weight, 2.13% by weight, 2.14% by weight, 2.15% by weight, 2.16% by weight, 2.17% by weight, 2.18% by weight, 2.19% by weight, 2.2% by weight. %, 2.21% by weight, 2.22% by weight, 2.23% by weight, 2.24% by weight, 2.25% by weight, 2.26% by weight, 2.27% by weight, 2.28% by weight, 2.29% by weight, 2.3% by weight, 2.31% by weight, 2.32% by weight, 2.33% by weight, 2.34% by weight, 2.35% by weight, 2.36% by weight, 2.37% by weight, 2.38% by weight, 2.39% by weight, 2.4% by weight, 2.41% by weight, 2.42% by weight, 2.43% by weight, 2.44% by weight, 2.45% by weight, 2.46% by weight, 2.47% by weight, 2.48% by weight, 2.49% by weight, 2.5% by weight, 2.51% by weight. 2.52 wt%, 2.53 wt%, 2.54 wt%, 2.55 wt%, 2.56 wt%, 2.57 wt%, 2.58 wt%, 2.59 wt%, 2.6 wt%, 2.61 wt%, 2.62 wt%, 2.63 wt%, 2.64 wt%, 2.65 wt%, 2.66 wt%, 2.67 wt%, 2.68 wt%, 2.69 wt%, 2.7 wt%, 2.71 wt%, 2.72 wt%, 2.73 wt%, 2.74 wt%, 2.75 wt%, 2.76 wt%, 2.77 wt%, 2.78 wt%, 2.79 wt%, 2.8 wt%, 2.81 wt%, 2. 82% by weight, 2.83% by weight, 2.84% by weight, 2.85% by weight, 2.86% by weight, 2.87% by weight, 2.88% by weight, 2.89% by weight, 2.9% by weight, 2.91% by weight, 2.92% by weight, 2.93% by weight, 2.94% by weight, 2.95% by weight, 2.96% by weight, 2.97% by weight, 2.98% by weight, 2.99% by weight, 3% by weight, 3.01% by weight, 3.02% by weight, 3.03% by weight, 3.04% by weight, 3.05% by weight, 3.06% by weight, 3.07% by weight, 3.08% by weight, 3.09% by weight, 3.1% by weight, 3.11% by weight, 3.12% by weight, 3.13% by weight, 3.14% by weight, 3.15% by weight, 3.16% by weight, 3.17% by weight, 3.18% by weight, 3.19% by weight, 3.2% by weight, 3.21% by weight, 3.22% by weight, 3.23% by weight, 3.24% by weight, 3.25% by weight, 3.26% by weight, 3.27% by weight, 3.28% by weight, 3.29% by weight, 3.3% by weight, 3.31% by weight, 3.32% by weight, 3.33% by weight, 3.34% by weight, 3.35% by weight, 3.36% by weight, 3.37% by weight, 3.38% by weight, 3.39% by weight, 3.4% by weight, 3.41% by weight, 3.42% by weight, 3.43% by weight, 3.44% by weight 3.45 wt%, 3.46 wt%, 3.47 wt%, 3.48 wt%, 3.49 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.51 wt%, 3.52 wt%, 3.53 wt%, 3.54 wt%, 3.55 wt%, 3.56 wt%, 3.57 wt%, 3.58 wt%, 3.59 wt%, 3.6 wt%, 3.61 wt%, 3.62 wt%, 3.63 wt%, 3.64 wt%, 3.65 wt%, 3.66 wt%, 3.67 wt%, 3.68 wt%, 3.69 wt%, 3.7 wt%, 3.71 wt%, 3.72 wt%, 3.73 wt%, 3.74 wt%, 3.75 wt%, 3 0.76 wt%, 3.77 wt%, 3.78 wt%, 3.79 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.81 wt%, 3.82 wt%, 3.83 wt%, 3.84 wt%, 3.85 wt%, 3.86 wt%, 3.87 wt%, 3.88 wt%, 3.89 wt%, 3.91 wt%, 3.92 wt%, 3.93 wt%, 3.94 wt%, 3.95 wt%, 3.96 wt%, 3.97 wt%, 3.98 wt%, 3.99 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.01 wt%, 4.02 wt%, 4.03 wt%, 4.04 wt%, 4.05 wt%, 4.06 wt%, 4.07 wt% %, 4.08 wt%, 4.09 wt%, 4.1 wt%, 4.11 wt%, 4.12 wt%, 4.13 wt%, 4.14 wt%, 4.15 wt%, 4.16 wt%, 4.17 wt%, 4.18 wt%, 4.19 wt%, 4.2 wt%, 4.21 wt%, 4.22 wt%, 4.23 wt%, 4.24 wt%, 4.25 wt%, 4.26 wt%, 4.27 wt%, 4.28 wt%, 4.29 wt%, 4.3 wt%, 4.31 wt%, 4.32 wt%, 4.33 wt%, 4.34 wt%, 4.35 wt%, 4.36 wt%, 4.37 wt%, 4.38 wt%, 4.39% by weight, 4.4% by weight, 4.41% by weight, 4.42% by weight, 4.43% by weight, 4.44% by weight, 4.45% by weight, 4.46% by weight, 4.47% by weight, 4.48% by weight, 4.49% by weight, 4.5% by weight, 4.51% by weight, 4.52% by weight, 4.53% by weight, 4.54% by weight, 4.55% by weight, 4.56% by weight, 4.57% by weight, 4.58% by weight, 4.59% by weight, 4.6% by weight, 4.61% by weight, 4.62% by weight, 4.63% by weight, 4.64% by weight, 4.65% by weight, 4.66% by weight, 4.67% by weight, 4.68% by weight, 4.69% by weight 4.7% by weight, 4.71% by weight, 4.72% by weight, 4.73% by weight, 4.74% by weight, 4.75% by weight, 4.76% by weight, 4.77% by weight, 4.78% by weight, 4.79% by weight, 4.8% by weight, 4.81% by weight, 4.82% by weight, 4.83% by weight, 4.84% by weight, 4.85% by weight, 4.86% by weight, 4.87% by weight, 4.88% by weight, 4.89% by weight, 4.99% by weight, or 5% by weight.

[0054] Octocrylene is an oil-soluble, waterproof chemical reagent that comprises an ester formed by the condensation of diphenylcyanoacrylate and 2-ethylhexanol, and has the following structure:

[0055] .

[0056] Octocrylene is a clear, colorless, viscous, oily liquid. The extended conjugated structure of the acrylate moiety of this molecule absorbs UV radiation from approximately 280 nm to 350 nm, covering the UVB and short-wave UVA (also known as UVA-2) range, protecting the skin from direct DNA damage. Octocrylene is a stable but relatively weak sunscreen agent and is often insufficient when used alone. It is capable of stabilizing other UV absorbers (e.g., avobenzone). The ethylhexanol moiety is a fatty alcohol, adding to the product's emollient and oily (water-resistant) properties. Octocrylene is commercially available from a wide range of sources.

[0057] In some aspects, the composition comprises 8 to 11 wt% octocrylene. In a non-limiting aspect, for example, the composition in its final form may comprise, substantially constitute, or consist of, for example, at least, at most, exactly, between (including or excluding) two of the following wt%, or about the following wt% octocrylene: 8 wt%, 8.01 wt%, 8.02 wt%, 8.03 wt%, 8.04 wt%, 8.05 wt%, 8.06 wt%, 8.07 wt%, 8.08 wt%, 8.09 wt%, 8.1 wt%, 8.11 wt%, 8.12 wt%, 8.13 wt%, 8.14 wt%, 8.15 wt%, 8.16 wt%, 8.17 wt%, 8.18 wt%, 8.19 wt%, 8.2 wt%. Weight, 8.21%, 8.22%, 8.23%, 8.24%, 8.25%, 8.26%, 8.27%, 8.28%, 8.29%, 8.3%, 8.31%, 8.32%, 8.33%, 8.34%, 8.35%, 8.36%, 8.37%, 8.38%, 8.39%, 8.4%, 8.41%, 8.42%, 8.43%, 8.44%, 8.45%, 8.46%, 8.47%, 8.48%, 8.49%, 8.5%, 8.5% 1% by weight, 8.52% by weight, 8.53% by weight, 8.54% by weight, 8.55% by weight, 8.56% by weight, 8.57% by weight, 8.58% by weight, 8.59% by weight, 8.6% by weight, 8.61% by weight, 8.62% by weight, 8.63% by weight, 8.64% by weight, 8.65% by weight, 8.66% by weight, 8.67% by weight, 8.68% by weight, 8.69% by weight, 8.7% by weight, 8.71% by weight, 8.72% by weight, 8.73% by weight, 8.74% by weight, 8.75% by weight, 8.76% by weight, 8.77% by weight, 8.78% by weight, 8.79% by weight, 8.8% by weight, 8.81% by weight, 8 0.82 wt%, 8.83 wt%, 8.84 wt%, 8.85 wt%, 8.86 wt%, 8.87 wt%, 8.88 wt%, 8.89 wt%, 8.9 wt%, 8.91 wt%, 8.92 wt%, 8.93 wt%, 8.94 wt%, 8.95 wt%, 8.96 wt%, 8.97 wt%, 8.98 wt%, 8.99 wt%, 9 wt%, 9.01 wt%, 9.02 wt%, 9.03 wt%, 9.04 wt%, 9.05 wt%, 9.06 wt%, 9.07 wt%, 9.08 wt%, 9.09 wt%, 9.1 wt%, 9.11 wt%, 9.12 wt%, 9.13% by weight, 9.14% by weight, 9.15% by weight, 9.16% by weight, 9.17% by weight, 9.18% by weight, 9.19% by weight, 9.2% by weight, 9.21% by weight, 9.22% by weight, 9.23% by weight, 9.24% by weight, 9.25% by weight, 9.26% by weight, 9.27% ​​by weight, 9.28% by weight, 9.29% by weight, 9.3% by weight, 9.31% by weight, 9.32% by weight, 9.33% by weight, 9.34% by weight, 9.35% by weight, 9.36% by weight, 9.37% by weight, 9.38% by weight, 9.39% by weight, 9.4% by weight, 9.41% by weight, 9.42% by weight, 9.43% by weight, 9.44% by weight %, 9.45% by weight, 9.46% by weight, 9.47% by weight, 9.48% by weight, 9.49% by weight, 9.5% by weight, 9.51% by weight, 9.52% by weight, 9.53% by weight, 9.54% by weight, 9.55% by weight, 9.56% by weight, 9.57% by weight, 9.58% by weight, 9.59% by weight, 9.6% by weight, 9.61% by weight, 9.62% by weight, 9.63% by weight, 9.64% by weight, 9.65% by weight, 9.66% by weight, 9.67% by weight, 9.68% by weight, 9.69% by weight, 9.7% by weight, 9.71% by weight, 9.72% by weight, 9.73% by weight, 9.74% by weight, 9.75% by weight, 9.7% by weight. 6% by weight, 9.77% by weight, 9.78% by weight, 9.79% by weight, 9.8% by weight, 9.81% by weight, 9.82% by weight, 9.83% by weight, 9.84% by weight, 9.85% by weight, 9.86% by weight, 9.87% by weight, 9.88% by weight, 9.89% by weight, 9.9% by weight, 9.91% by weight, 9.92% by weight, 9.93% by weight, 9.94% by weight, 9.95% by weight, 9.96% by weight, 9.97% by weight, 9.98% by weight, 9.99% by weight, 10% by weight, 10.01% by weight, 10.02% by weight, 10.03% by weight, 10.04% by weight, 10.05% by weight, 10.06% by weight, 10 0.07 wt%, 10.08 wt%, 10.09 wt%, 10.1 wt%, 10.11 wt%, 10.12 wt%, 10.13 wt%, 10.14 wt%, 10.15 wt%, 10.16 wt%, 10.17 wt%, 10.18 wt%, 10.19 wt%, 10.2 wt%, 10.21 wt%, 10.22 wt%, 10.23 wt%, 10.24 wt%, 10.25 wt%, 10.26 wt%, 10.27 wt%, 10.28 wt%, 10.29 wt%, 10.3 wt%, 10.31 wt%, 10.32 wt%, 10.33 wt%, 10.34 wt%, 10.35% by weight, 10.36% by weight, 10.37% by weight, 10.38% by weight, 10.39% by weight, 10.4% by weight, 10.41% by weight, 10.42% by weight, 10.43% by weight, 10.44% by weight, 10.45% by weight, 10.46% by weight, 10.47% by weight, 10.48% by weight, 10.49% by weight, 10.5% by weight, 10.51% by weight, 10.52% by weight, 10.53% by weight, 10.54% by weight, 10.55% by weight, 10.56% by weight, 10.57% by weight, 10.58% by weight, 10.59% by weight, 10.6% by weight, 10.61% by weight, 10.62% by weight, 10.63% by weight, 10.64% by weight, 10.65% by weight, 10.66% by weight, 10.67% by weight 10.68 wt%, 10.69 wt%, 10.7 wt%, 10.71 wt%, 10.72 wt%, 10.73 wt%, 10.74 wt%, 10.75 wt%, 10.76 wt%, 10.77 wt%, 10.78 wt%, 10.79 wt%, 10.8 wt%, 10.81 wt%, 10.82 wt%, 10.83 wt%, 10.84 wt%, 10.85 wt%, 10.86 wt%, 10.87 wt%, 10.88 wt%, 10.89 wt%, 10.9 wt%, 10.91 wt%, 10.92 wt%, 10.93 wt%, 10.94 wt%, 10.95 wt%, 10.96 wt%, 10.97 wt%, 10.98 wt%, 10.99 wt% or 11 wt%.

[0058] Octyl salicylate, also known as octyl salicylate or 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, is a colorless, oily liquid comprising an ester formed by the condensation of salicylic acid and 2-ethylhexanol, and has the following structure:

[0059] .

[0060] Octyl salicylate absorbs UVB (ultraviolet) rays from the sun. The salicylate portion of the molecule absorbs ultraviolet light, protecting the skin from the harmful effects of sun exposure. The ethylhexanol portion is a fatty alcohol, adding moisturizing and oily (water-resistant) properties to the product. It also stabilizes avobenzone and produces longer-lasting sun protection.

[0061] In some aspects, the composition comprises 2% to 5% by weight of octyl salicylate. In a non-limiting aspect, for example, the composition in its final form may comprise, substantially constitute, or consist of, for example, at least, at most, exactly, between (including or excluding) two of the following weight percentages, or about the following weight percentages of octyl salicylate: 2% by weight, 2.01% by weight, 2.02% by weight, 2.03% by weight, 2.04% by weight, 2.05% by weight, 2.06% by weight, 2.07% by weight, 2.08% by weight, 2.09% by weight, 2.1% by weight, 2.11% by weight, 2.12% by weight, 2.13% by weight, 2.14% by weight, 2.15% by weight, 2.16% by weight, 2.17% by weight, 2.18% by weight, 2.19% by weight, 2.2% by weight. 2.21 wt%, 2.22 wt%, 2.23 wt%, 2.24 wt%, 2.25 wt%, 2.26 wt%, 2.27 wt%, 2.28 wt%, 2.29 wt%, 2.3 wt%, 2.31 wt%, 2.32 wt%, 2.33 wt%, 2.34 wt%, 2.35 wt%, 2.36 wt%, 2.37 wt%, 2.38 wt%, 2.39 wt%, 2.4 wt%, 2.41 wt%, 2.42 wt%, 2.43 wt%, 2.44 wt%, 2.45 wt%, 2.46 wt%, 2.47 wt%, 2.48 wt%, 2.49 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 2.5 1 wt%, 2.52 wt%, 2.53 wt%, 2.54 wt%, 2.55 wt%, 2.56 wt%, 2.57 wt%, 2.58 wt%, 2.59 wt%, 2.6 wt%, 2.61 wt%, 2.62 wt%, 2.63 wt%, 2.64 wt%, 2.65 wt%, 2.66 wt%, 2.67 wt%, 2.68 wt%, 2.69 wt%, 2.7 wt%, 2.71 wt%, 2.72 wt%, 2.73 wt%, 2.74 wt%, 2.75 wt%, 2.76 wt%, 2.77 wt%, 2.78 wt%, 2.79 wt%, 2.8 wt%, 2.81 wt%, 2 0.82 wt%, 2.83 wt%, 2.84 wt%, 2.85 wt%, 2.86 wt%, 2.87 wt%, 2.88 wt%, 2.89 wt%, 2.9 wt%, 2.91 wt%, 2.92 wt%, 2.93 wt%, 2.94 wt%, 2.95 wt%, 2.96 wt%, 2.97 wt%, 2.98 wt%, 2.99 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.01 wt%, 3.02 wt%, 3.03 wt%, 3.04 wt%, 3.05 wt%, 3.06 wt%, 3.07 wt%, 3.08 wt%, 3.09 wt%, 3.1 wt%, 3.11 wt%, 3.12 wt%, 3.13% by weight, 3.14% by weight, 3.15% by weight, 3.16% by weight, 3.17% by weight, 3.18% by weight, 3.19% by weight, 3.2% by weight, 3.21% by weight, 3.22% by weight, 3.23% by weight, 3.24% by weight, 3.25% by weight, 3.26% by weight, 3.27% by weight, 3.28% by weight, 3.29% by weight, 3.3% by weight, 3.31% by weight, 3.32% by weight, 3.33% by weight, 3.34% by weight, 3.35% by weight, 3.36% by weight, 3.37% by weight, 3.38% by weight, 3.39% by weight, 3.4% by weight, 3.41% by weight, 3.42% by weight, 3.43% by weight, 3.44% by weight 3.45 wt%, 3.46 wt%, 3.47 wt%, 3.48 wt%, 3.49 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.51 wt%, 3.52 wt%, 3.53 wt%, 3.54 wt%, 3.55 wt%, 3.56 wt%, 3.57 wt%, 3.58 wt%, 3.59 wt%, 3.6 wt%, 3.61 wt%, 3.62 wt%, 3.63 wt%, 3.64 wt%, 3.65 wt%, 3.66 wt%, 3.67 wt%, 3.68 wt%, 3.69 wt%, 3.7 wt%, 3.71 wt%, 3.72 wt%, 3.73 wt%, 3.74 wt%, 3.75 wt%, 3 0.76 wt%, 3.77 wt%, 3.78 wt%, 3.79 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.81 wt%, 3.82 wt%, 3.83 wt%, 3.84 wt%, 3.85 wt%, 3.86 wt%, 3.87 wt%, 3.88 wt%, 3.89 wt%, 3.91 wt%, 3.92 wt%, 3.93 wt%, 3.94 wt%, 3.95 wt%, 3.96 wt%, 3.97 wt%, 3.98 wt%, 3.99 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.01 wt%, 4.02 wt%, 4.03 wt%, 4.04 wt%, 4.05 wt%, 4.06 wt%, 4.07 wt% %, 4.08 wt%, 4.09 wt%, 4.1 wt%, 4.11 wt%, 4.12 wt%, 4.13 wt%, 4.14 wt%, 4.15 wt%, 4.16 wt%, 4.17 wt%, 4.18 wt%, 4.19 wt%, 4.2 wt%, 4.21 wt%, 4.22 wt%, 4.23 wt%, 4.24 wt%, 4.25 wt%, 4.26 wt%, 4.27 wt%, 4.28 wt%, 4.29 wt%, 4.3 wt%, 4.31 wt%, 4.32 wt%, 4.33 wt%, 4.34 wt%, 4.35 wt%, 4.36 wt%, 4.37 wt%, 4.38 wt%, 4.39% by weight, 4.4% by weight, 4.41% by weight, 4.42% by weight, 4.43% by weight, 4.44% by weight, 4.45% by weight, 4.46% by weight, 4.47% by weight, 4.48% by weight, 4.49% by weight, 4.5% by weight, 4.51% by weight, 4.52% by weight, 4.53% by weight, 4.54% by weight, 4.55% by weight, 4.56% by weight, 4.57% by weight, 4.58% by weight, 4.59% by weight, 4.6% by weight, 4.61% by weight, 4.62% by weight, 4.63% by weight, 4.64% by weight, 4.65% by weight, 4.66% by weight, 4.67% by weight, 4.68% by weight, 4.69% by weight 4.7% by weight, 4.71% by weight, 4.72% by weight, 4.73% by weight, 4.74% by weight, 4.75% by weight, 4.76% by weight, 4.77% by weight, 4.78% by weight, 4.79% by weight, 4.8% by weight, 4.81% by weight, 4.82% by weight, 4.83% by weight, 4.84% by weight, 4.85% by weight, 4.86% by weight, 4.87% by weight, 4.88% by weight, 4.89% by weight, 4.99% by weight, or 5% by weight.

[0062] Aluminum octenyl succinate is the aluminum salt of the reaction product of octenyl succinic anhydride and starch. It is a synthetic powdered thickener, absorbent, tackifier, and anti-caking agent. It also improves the spreadability of products. When included in products, it can provide a powdery matte finish and fast drying time.

[0063] In some aspects, the composition comprises 0.01 wt% to 5 wt% of aluminum starch octenyl succinate. In a non-limiting aspect, for example, the composition in its final form may comprise, substantially constitute, or consist of, for example, at least, at most, exactly, between (including or excluding) two of the following wt% or about the following wt% of aluminum starch octenyl succinate: 0.01 wt%, 0.02 wt%, 0.03 wt%, 0.04 wt%, 0.05 wt%, 0.06 wt%, 0.07 wt%, 0.08 wt%, 0.09 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.11 wt%, 0.12 wt%, 0.13 wt%, 0.14 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.16 wt%, 0.17 wt%, 0.18 wt%, 0.19 wt%, 0. 2 wt%, 0.21 wt%, 0.22 wt%, 0.23 wt%, 0.24 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.26 wt%, 0.27 wt%, 0.28 wt%, 0.29 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.31 wt%, 0.32 wt%, 0.33 wt%, 0.34 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.36 wt%, 0.37 wt%, 0.38 wt%, 0.39 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.41 wt%, 0.42 wt%, 0.43 wt%, 0.44 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.46 wt%, 0.47 wt%, 0.48 wt%, 0.49 wt%, 0.5 wt% 0.51 wt%, 0.52 wt%, 0.53 wt%, 0.54 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.56 wt%, 0.57 wt%, 0.58 wt%, 0.59 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.61 wt%, 0.62 wt%, 0.63 wt%, 0.64 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.66 wt%, 0.67 wt%, 0.68 wt%, 0.69 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.71 wt%, 0.72 wt%, 0.73 wt%, 0.74 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.76 wt%, 0.77 wt%, 0.78 wt%, 0.79 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.8 1 wt%, 0.82 wt%, 0.83 wt%, 0.84 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.86 wt%, 0.87 wt%, 0.88 wt%, 0.89 wt%, 0.91 wt%, 0.92 wt%, 0.93 wt%, 0.94 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 0.96 wt%, 0.97 wt%, 0.98 wt%, 0.99 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.01 wt%, 1.02 wt%, 1.03 wt%, 1.04 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.06 wt%, 1.07 wt%, 1.08 wt%, 1.09 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.11 wt%, 1.12% by weight, 1.13% by weight, 1.14% by weight, 1.15% by weight, 1.16% by weight, 1.17% by weight, 1.18% by weight, 1.19% by weight, 1.2% by weight, 1.21% by weight, 1.22% by weight, 1.23% by weight, 1.24% by weight, 1.25% by weight, 1.26% by weight, 1.27% by weight, 1.28% by weight, 1.29% by weight, 1.3% by weight, 1.31% by weight, 1.32% by weight, 1.33% by weight, 1.34% by weight, 1.35% by weight, 1.36% by weight, 1.37% by weight, 1.38% by weight, 1.39% by weight, 1.4% by weight, 1.41% by weight, 1.42% by weight, 1.43% by weight 1.44 wt%, 1.45 wt%, 1.46 wt%, 1.47 wt%, 1.48 wt%, 1.49 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.51 wt%, 1.52 wt%, 1.53 wt%, 1.54 wt%, 1.55 wt%, 1.56 wt%, 1.57 wt%, 1.58 wt%, 1.59 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 1.61 wt%, 1.62 wt%, 1.63 wt%, 1.64 wt%, 1.65 wt%, 1.66 wt%, 1.67 wt%, 1.68 wt%, 1.69 wt%, 1.7 wt%, 1.71 wt%, 1.72 wt%, 1.73 wt%, 1.74 wt%, 1 0.75 wt%, 1.76 wt%, 1.77 wt%, 1.78 wt%, 1.79 wt%, 1.8 wt%, 1.81 wt%, 1.82 wt%, 1.83 wt%, 1.84 wt%, 1.85 wt%, 1.86 wt%, 1.87 wt%, 1.88 wt%, 1.89 wt%, 1.91 wt%, 1.92 wt%, 1.93 wt%, 1.94 wt%, 1.95 wt%, 1.96 wt%, 1.97 wt%, 1.98 wt%, 1.99 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.01 wt%, 2.02 wt%, 2.03 wt%, 2.04 wt%, 2.05 wt%, 2.06 wt% %, 2.07 wt%, 2.08 wt%, 2.09 wt%, 2.1 wt%, 2.11 wt%, 2.12 wt%, 2.13 wt%, 2.14 wt%, 2.15 wt%, 2.16 wt%, 2.17 wt%, 2.18 wt%, 2.19 wt%, 2.2 wt%, 2.21 wt%, 2.22 wt%, 2.23 wt%, 2.24 wt%, 2.25 wt%, 2.26 wt%, 2.27 wt%, 2.28 wt%, 2.29 wt%, 2.3 wt%, 2.31 wt%, 2.32 wt%, 2.33 wt%, 2.34 wt%, 2.35 wt%, 2.36 wt%, 2.37 wt%, 2.38 wt%, 2.39 wt%, 2.4 wt%, 2.41 wt%, 2.42 wt%, 2.43 wt%, 2.44 wt%, 2.45 wt%, 2.46 wt%, 2.47 wt%, 2.48 wt%, 2.49 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 2.51 wt%, 2.52 wt%, 2.53 wt%, 2.54 wt%, 2.55 wt%, 2.56 wt%, 2.57 wt%, 2.58 wt%, 2.59 wt%, 2.6 wt%, 2.61 wt%, 2.62 wt%, 2.63 wt%, 2.64 wt%, 2.65 wt%, 2.66 wt%, 2.67 wt%, 2.68 wt%, 2.69 wt% 2.7 wt%, 2.71 wt%, 2.72 wt%, 2.73 wt%, 2.74 wt%, 2.75 wt%, 2.76 wt%, 2.77 wt%, 2.78 wt%, 2.79 wt%, 2.8 wt%, 2.81 wt%, 2.82 wt%, 2.83 wt%, 2.84 wt%, 2.85 wt%, 2.86 wt%, 2.87 wt%, 2.88 wt%, 2.89 wt%, 2.99 wt%, 2.91 wt%, 2.92 wt%, 2.93 wt%, 2.94 wt%, 2.95 wt%, 2.96 wt%, 2.97 wt%, 2.98 wt%, 2.99 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.01 wt%. 3.02 wt%, 3.03 wt%, 3.04 wt%, 3.05 wt%, 3.06 wt%, 3.07 wt%, 3.08 wt%, 3.09 wt%, 3.1 wt%, 3.11 wt%, 3.12 wt%, 3.13 wt%, 3.14 wt%, 3.15 wt%, 3.16 wt%, 3.17 wt%, 3.18 wt%, 3.19 wt%, 3.2 wt%, 3.21 wt%, 3.22 wt%, 3.23 wt%, 3.24 wt%, 3.25 wt%, 3.26 wt%, 3.27 wt%, 3.28 wt%, 3.29 wt%, 3.3 wt%, 3.31 wt%, 3.32 wt%, 3.33 wt%. 3.34% by weight, 3.35% by weight, 3.36% by weight, 3.37% by weight, 3.38% by weight, 3.39% by weight, 3.4% by weight, 3.41% by weight, 3.42% by weight, 3.43% by weight, 3.44% by weight, 3.45% by weight, 3.46% by weight, 3.47% by weight, 3.48% by weight, 3.49% by weight, 3.5% by weight, 3.51% by weight, 3.52% by weight, 3.53% by weight, 3.54% by weight, 3.55% by weight, 3.56% by weight, 3.57% by weight, 3.58% by weight, 3.59% by weight, 3.6% by weight, 3.61% by weight, 3.62% by weight, 3.63% by weight, 3.64% by weight, 3.65% by weight, 3.66% by weight, 3.67% by weight, 3.68% by weight, 3.69% by weight, 3.7% by weight, 3.71% by weight, 3.72% by weight, 3.73% by weight, 3.74% by weight, 3.75% by weight, 3.76% by weight, 3.77% by weight, 3.78% by weight, 3.79% by weight, 3.8% by weight, 3.81% by weight, 3.82% by weight, 3.83% by weight, 3.84% by weight, 3.85% by weight, 3.86% by weight, 3.87% by weight, 3.88% by weight, 3.89% by weight, 3.91% by weight, 3.92% by weight, 3.93% by weight, 3.94% by weight, 3.95% by weight, 3.96% by weight 3.97 wt%, 3.98 wt%, 3.99 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.01 wt%, 4.02 wt%, 4.03 wt%, 4.04 wt%, 4.05 wt%, 4.06 wt%, 4.07 wt%, 4.08 wt%, 4.09 wt%, 4.1 wt%, 4.11 wt%, 4.12 wt%, 4.13 wt%, 4.14 wt%, 4.15 wt%, 4.16 wt%, 4.17 wt%, 4.18 wt%, 4.19 wt%, 4.2 wt%, 4.21 wt%, 4.22 wt%, 4.23 wt%, 4.24 wt%, 4.25 wt%, 4.26 wt%, 4.27 wt%, 4.28 wt% %, 4.29% by weight, 4.3% by weight, 4.31% by weight, 4.32% by weight, 4.33% by weight, 4.34% by weight, 4.35% by weight, 4.36% by weight, 4.37% by weight, 4.38% by weight, 4.39% by weight, 4.4% by weight, 4.41% by weight, 4.42% by weight, 4.43% by weight, 4.44% by weight, 4.45% by weight, 4.46% by weight, 4.47% by weight, 4.48% by weight, 4.49% by weight, 4.5% by weight, 4.51% by weight, 4.52% by weight, 4.53% by weight, 4.54% by weight, 4.55% by weight, 4.56% by weight, 4.57% by weight, 4.58% by weight, 4.59% by weight, 4.6% by weight. 4.61 wt%, 4.62 wt%, 4.63 wt%, 4.64 wt%, 4.65 wt%, 4.66 wt%, 4.67 wt%, 4.68 wt%, 4.69 wt%, 4.7 wt%, 4.71 wt%, 4.72 wt%, 4.73 wt%, 4.74 wt%, 4.75 wt%, 4.76 wt%, 4.77 wt%, 4.78 wt%, 4.79 wt%, 4.8 wt%, 4.81 wt%, 4.82 wt%, 4.83 wt%, 4.84 wt%, 4.85 wt%, 4.86 wt%, 4.87 wt%, 4.88 wt%, 4.89 wt%, 4.9 wt%, 4.91 wt%, 4.92% by weight, 4.93% by weight, 4.94% by weight, 4.95% by weight, 4.96% by weight, 4.97% by weight, 4.98% by weight, 4.99% by weight, or 5% by weight.

[0064] This combination of ingredients can be used in different product forms to treat a variety of skin conditions. By way of non-limiting examples, the combination of ingredients can be formulated into emulsions (e.g., oil-in-water, water-in-oil), gels, serums, gel emulsions, gel serums, lotions, masks, scrubs, creams, or body lotions.

[0065] II. Additional UV absorbers and / or reflective components

[0066] This document envisions, in some aspects, the use of one or more additional organic UV filters, UV absorbers, and / or reflective ingredients (e.g., chemical and physical sunscreens) in combination with compositions of the present disclosure comprising avobenzone, octocrylene, and octyl salicylate, and methods of using such compositions to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation.

[0067] Various organic UV filters are recognized in the art for protection against UV radiation, and these are considered herein. Non-limiting examples of organic UV filters that may be included in the disclosed compositions include, but are not limited to, para-aminobenzoic acid ester derivatives, salicylic acid ester derivatives, cinnamic acid ester derivatives, benzophenone or aminobenzophenone, anthranilic acid ester derivatives, β,β-diphenylacrylate derivatives, benzyl camphor derivatives, phenylbenzimidazole derivatives, benzotriazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, resorcinol triazine, imidazoline derivatives, benzyl malonate derivatives, 4,4-diarylbutadiene derivatives, benzoxazole derivatives, anthocyanins, malononitrile or diphenylbutadiene malonate derivatives, chalcone derivatives, and mixtures thereof. In some aspects, the organic UV filter is not homosalate. The sunscreen compositions disclosed herein may contain avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and one, two, three, four, five, or more than five other organic UV filters.

[0068] Non-limiting examples of permitted chemical sunscreens include: octyl salicylate, avobenzone, octocrylene, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), PABA esters (glycerol PABA, pentyl dimethyl PABA, and octyl dimethyl PABA), butyl PABA, ethyl PABA, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, benzophenones (hydroxybenzophenone, sulphone, benzophenone, and benzophenone-1 to benzophenone-12), cinnamates / esters (octyl methoxycinnamate), isoamyl para-methoxycinnamate, octyl methoxycinnamate). Cinnamate, cinnoxalate, diisopropyl methyl cinnamate, DEA methoxycinnamate, ethyl diisopropyl cinnamate, glyceryl dimethoxycinnamate octanoate and ethyl methoxycinnamate), cinnamate esters, salicylates (homosalate, benzyl salicylate, ethylene glycol homosalate, isopropyl benzyl salicylate, etc.), anthranilates / esters, ethyl urocarbamate, homosalate, isooctyl salicylate, dibenzoylmethane derivatives (e.g., avobenzone), octocrylene, octyl triazine, galloyl gallate trioleate, glyceryl aminobenzoate Oil esters, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone) and dihydroxyacetone, ethylhexyl triazine, dioctylbutyramide triazine, benzylmalonic acid polysiloxane, terephthalimide dicamphor sulfonic acid, disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, bis(diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl)benzoate, bis(benzoxazolyl)phenylethylhexyliminotriazine, cresoltrazol trisiloxane, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, and bis(ethylhexyloxyphenol) methoxyphenyltriazine, 4-methylbenzyl camphor, and isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate. Non-limiting examples of physical sunscreens include kaolin, talc, petrolatum, and metal oxides (e.g., titanium dioxide and zinc oxide).

[0069] The compositions disclosed herein may contain any suitable amount of one or more UV filters. In one embodiment, the composition contains about 10% to about 40% by weight of a UV filter based on the total weight of the composition.

[0070] One or more UV filters may include any suitable UV filter or UV filter system, including but not limited to: solid organic fat-soluble UV filters, such as, but not limited to, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane and ethylhexyl triazine; fat-soluble organic UV filters, such as, but not limited to, cinnamate compounds, anthranilates, salicylates, dibenzoylmethane compounds such as avobenzone, camphor compounds, 13,13-diphenylacrylate compounds, triazine compounds, benzotriazole compounds, benzyl methylene malonate compounds (especially those cited in U.S. Patent No. 5,624,663), imidazoline compounds, p-aminobenzoate compounds (PABA), benzoxazole compounds (such as patent applications EP0832642, EP1027883). UV filter polymers and UV filter polysiloxanes (as described in EP1300137 and DE10162844, as described in patent application WO-93 / 04665), α-alkylstyrene dimers (as described in patent application DE19855649), 4,4-diarylbutadienes (as described in patent applications EP0967200, DE19746654, DE19755649, EP-A-1008586, EP1133980 and EP133981), and cyanines (as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,195,999, WO2004 / 006878, WO2008 / 090066, WO2011113718, WO2009027258, and document IP published on February 23, 2009). The above documents are as described in COMJOURNAL No. 000179675D, IP COM JOURNAL No. 000182396D published on April 29, 2009, IP COM JOURNAL No. 000189542D published on November 12, 2009, IP COM Journal No. IPCOM000011179D published on March 4, 2004, and mixtures thereof. The entirety of the above documents is incorporated by reference.

[0071] By way of non-limiting examples, at least one UV filter or UV filter system may include (as listed in INCI names): benzoylmethane compounds, such as butyl methoxybenzoylmethane (e.g., sold by DSM Nutritional Products, Inc. under the trade name PARSOL 1789®) and isopropyl benzoylmethane; p-aminobenzoic acid and PABA ester compounds, such as glycerol PABA, pentyl dimethyl PABA, octyl dimethyl PABA, ethyl PABA, butyl PABA, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (sold by ISP under the name ESCALOL 507®) and glycerol PABA; salicylic acid derivatives, such as humosalicylate (sold by Rona / EM Industries under the trade name EUSOLEX® HMS) and ethylhexyl salicylate (sold by Symrise under the trade name NEO HELIOPAN® OS); cinnamic acid derivatives, such as ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (sold by DSM Nutritional Products under the trade name PARSOL®). MCX products, isopropyl methoxycinnamate, isoamyl methoxycinnamate (marketed by Symrise under the trade name NEO HELIOPAN® E 1000), and cinoxazone, diisopropyl methyl cinnamate; derivatives of β,β-diphenyl acrylate, such as octocrylene (marketed by BASF under the trade name UVINUL® N 539) and etocrylene (marketed by BASF under the trade name UVINUL® N 35); and 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl benzoate hexyl benzoate (marketed by BASF under the trade name UVINUL® A Plus or by BASF in the form of a mixture with octyl methoxycinnamate under the trade name UVINUL®). A+B sales); benzylidene camphor derivatives, such as 3-benzylidene camphor (manufactured by Chimex under the trade name MEXORYL® SD), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (manufactured by Merc under the trade name EUSOLEX® 6300), and polyacrylamide methylbenzylidene camphor (manufactured by Chimex under the trade name MEXORYL® SW); phenylbenzotriazole derivatives, such as cresoltrazol trisiloxane (manufactured by Rhodia Chimie under the trade name Silatrizole); triazine derivatives, such as bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (manufactured by BASF under the trade name TINOSORB® S), ethylhexyl triazinone (manufactured by BASF under the trade name UVINUL® T 150), and diethylhexylbutyramide triazinone (manufactured by Sigma 3V under the trade name UVASORB®). HEB products, 2,4,6-tris(4'-aminobenzyl methylene malonate dinepentyl ester)-hom-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(diisobutyl-4'-aminobenzyl methylene malonate)-hom-triazine and 2,4-bis(dinepentyl-4'-aminobenzyl methylene malonate)-6-(4'-aminobenzoic acid n-butyl ester)-hom-triazine; triazine silicones substituted with two aminobenzoic acid groups, such as 2,4-bis-(n-butyl-4'-aminobenzyl methylene malonate)-6-[3-{1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-[trimethylsiloxy]-disiloxyl}propyl)amino]-hom-triazine (and others as described in patent EP0841341); anthranilic acid derivatives, such as anthranilic acid menthyl ester (marketed by Symrise under the trade name NEO HELIOPAN®). MA sales); imidazoline derivatives, such as ethylhexyl dimethoxybenzyl dioxazolidinyl propionate; benzyl malonic acid ester derivatives, such as dinepentyl 4'-methoxybenzyl malonic acid ester and polyorganosiloxanes having benzyl malonic acid ester functional groups, such as polysiloxane-15 (sold by DSM Nutritional Products under the trade name PARSOL® SLX); 4,4-diarylbutadiene derivatives, such as 1,1-dicarboxy(2,2'-dimethylpropyl)-4,4-diphenylbutadiene; benzoxazole derivatives, such as 2,4-bis-[5-1-(dimethylpropyl)benzoxazole-2-yl-(4-phenyl)-imino]-6-(2-ethylhexyl)-imino-1,3,5-triazine (sold by Sigma 3V under the trade name UVASORB®). K2A sales); lipophilic anthocyanin derivatives, such as octyl 5-N,N-diethylamino-2-phenylsulfonyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid; terephthalimide dicamphor sulfonic acid (produced by Chimex under the trade name MEXORYL®). SX (sold by Rhodia Chimie under the trade name MEXORYL® XL); and cresoltrazol trisiloxane (sold by Rhodia Chimie under the trade name MEXORYL® XL).

[0072] In some aspects, the composition comprises 0.001% to 20% by weight of one or more organic UV filters, UV absorbers, and / or reflective ingredients (e.g., chemical sunscreens and physical sunscreens), which can be used in combination with the compositions of this disclosure comprising avobenzone, octocrylene, and octyl salicylate. In a non-limiting aspect, for example, the composition in its final form may comprise, substantially constitute, or consist of, for example, at least, at most, exactly, between (including or excluding) two of the following weight percentages, or about the following weight percentages of one or more organic UV filters, UV absorbers, and / or reflective ingredients (e.g., chemical sunscreens and physical sunscreens): 0.001% by weight, 0.002% by weight, 0.003% by weight, 0.004% by weight, 0.005% by weight, 0.006% by weight, 0.007% by weight, 0.008% by weight, 0.009% by weight, 0.01% by weight, 0.02% by weight, 0.03% by weight. % by weight, 0.04% by weight, 0.05% by weight, 0.06% by weight, 0.07% by weight, 0.08% by weight, 0.09% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.2% by weight, 0.3% by weight, 0.4% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 0.6% by weight, 0.7% by weight, 0.8% by weight, 0.9% by weight, 1% by weight, 1.1% by weight, 1.2% by weight, 1.3% by weight, 1.4% by weight, 1.5% by weight, 1.6% by weight, 1.7% by weight, 1.8% by weight, 1.9% by weight, 2% by weight, 2.1% by weight, 2.2% by weight, 2.3% by weight, 2.4% by weight, 2.5% by weight. 0.6 wt%, 2.7 wt%, 2.8 wt%, 2.9 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.1 wt%, 3.2 wt%, 3.3 wt%, 3.4 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.6 wt%, 3.7 wt%, 3.8 wt%, 3.9 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.1 wt%, 4.2 wt%, 4.3 wt%, 4.4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 4.6 wt%, 4.7 wt%, 4.8 wt%, 4.9 wt%, 5 wt%, 5.1 wt%, 5.2 wt%, 5.3 wt%, 5.4 wt%, 5.5 wt%, 5.6 wt%, 5.7 wt%, 5.8 wt% 5.9% by weight, 6% by weight, 6.1% by weight, 6.2% by weight, 6.3% by weight, 6.4% by weight, 6.5% by weight, 6.6% by weight, 6.7% by weight, 6.8% by weight, 6.9% by weight, 7% by weight, 7.1% by weight, 7.2% by weight, 7.3% by weight, 7.4% by weight, 7.5% by weight, 7.6% by weight, 7.7% by weight, 7.8% by weight, 7.9% by weight, 8% by weight, 8.1% by weight, 8.2% by weight, 8.3% by weight, 8.4% by weight, 8.5% by weight, 8.6% by weight, 8.7% by weight, 8.8% by weight, 8.9% by weight, 9% by weight, 9.1% by weight, 9%.2% by weight, 9.3% by weight, 9.4% by weight, 9.5% by weight, 9.6% by weight, 9.7% by weight, 9.8% by weight, 9.9% by weight, 10% by weight, 10.1% by weight, 10.2% by weight, 10.3% by weight, 10.4% by weight, 10.5% by weight, 10.6% by weight, 10.7% by weight, 10.8% by weight, 10.9% by weight, 11% by weight, 11.1% by weight, 11.2% by weight, 11.3% by weight, 11.4% by weight, 11.5% by weight, 11.6% by weight, 11.7% by weight, 11.8% by weight, 11.9% by weight, 12% by weight, 12% by weight 0.1% by weight, 12.2% by weight, 12.3% by weight, 12.4% by weight, 12.5% ​​by weight, 12.6% by weight, 12.7% by weight, 12.8% by weight, 12.9% by weight, 13% by weight, 13.1% by weight, 13.2% by weight, 13.3% by weight, 13.4% by weight, 13.5% by weight, 13.6% by weight, 13.7% by weight, 13.8% by weight, 13.9% by weight, 14% by weight, 14.1% by weight, 14.2% by weight, 14.3% by weight, 14.4% by weight, 14.5% by weight, 14.6% by weight, 14.7% by weight, 14.8% by weight 14.9% by weight, 15% by weight, 15.1% by weight, 15.2% by weight, 15.3% by weight, 15.4% by weight, 15.5% by weight, 15.6% by weight, 15.7% by weight, 15.8% by weight, 15.9% by weight, 16% by weight, 16.1% by weight, 16.2% by weight, 16.3% by weight, 16.4% by weight, 16.5% by weight, 16.6% by weight, 16.7% by weight, 16.8% by weight, 16.9% by weight, 17% by weight, 17.1% by weight, 17.2% by weight, 17.3% by weight, 17.4% by weight, 17.5% by weight, 17.6% by weight 17.7 wt%, 17.8 wt%, 17.9 wt%, 18 wt%, 18.1 wt%, 18.2 wt%, 18.3 wt%, 18.4 wt%, 18.5 wt%, 18.6 wt%, 18.7 wt%, 18.8 wt%, 18.9 wt%, 19 wt%, 19.1 wt%, 19.2 wt%, 19.3 wt%, 19.4 wt%, 19.5 wt%, 19.6 wt%, 19.7 wt%, 19.8 wt%, 19.9 wt%, or 20 wt%, which can be used in combination with the compositions of this disclosure comprising avobenzone, octocrylene, and octyl salicylate.

[0073] III. Amount of Components

[0074] It is contemplated that the compositions of the present invention may include any amount of the ingredients discussed in this specification. The compositions may also include any number of additional combinations of ingredients described throughout this specification (e.g., pigments, or other cosmetic or pharmaceutical ingredients). The concentration of any ingredient in the composition may vary. In a non-limiting embodiment, for example, the composition in its final form may contain, substantially consist of, or consist of, for example, at least about the following ingredients mentioned throughout the specification and claims: 0.0001%, 0.0002%, 0.0003%, 0.0004%, 0.0005%, 0.0006%, 0.0007%, 0.0008%, 0.0009%, 0.0010%, 0.0011%, 0.0012%, 0.0013%, 0.0014%, 0.0015%, 0.0016%, 0.0017%, 0.0018%, 0.0019%. 0.0020%, 0.0021%, 0.0022%, 0.0023%, 0.0024%, 0.0025%, 0.0026%, 0.0027%, 0.0028%, 0.0029%, 0.0030%, 0.0031%, 0.0032%, 0.0033%, 0.0034%, 0.0035%, 0.0036%, 0.0037%, 0.0038%, 0.0039%, 0.0040%, 0.0041%, 0.0042%, 0.0043%, 0.0044%, 0.0045%, 0.0046%, 0.0047%. 0.0048%, 0.0049%, 0.0050%, 0.0051%, 0.0052%, 0.0053%, 0.0054%, 0.0055%, 0.0056%, 0.0057%, 0.0058%, 0.0059%, 0.0060%, 0.0061%, 0.0062%, 0.0063%, 0.0064%, 0.0065%, 0.0066%, 0.0067%, 0.0068%, 0.0069%, 0.0070%, 0.0071%, 0.0072%, 0.0073%, 0.0074%, 0.0075%, 0 0.0076%, 0.0077%, 0.0078%, 0.0079%, 0.0080%, 0.0081%, 0.0082%, 0.0083%, 0.0084%, 0.0085%, 0.0086%, 0.0087%, 0.0088%, 0.0089%, 0.0090%, 0.0091%, 0.0092%, 0.0093%, 0.0094%, 0.0095%, 0.0096%, 0.0097%, 0.0098%, 0.0099%, 0.0100%, 0.0200%, 0.0250%, 0.0275%, 0.0300%、0.0325%、0.0350%、0.0375%、0.0400%、0.0425%、0.0450%、0.0475%、0.0500%、0.0525%、0.0550%、0.0575%、0.0600%、0.0625%、0.0650%、0.0675%、0.0700%、0.0725%、0.0750%、0.0775%、0.0800%、0.0825%、0.0850%、0.0875%、0.0900%、0.0925%、0.0950%、0.0975%、0.1000%、0.1250%、0.1500%、0.1750%、0.2000%、0.2250%、0.2500%、0.2750%、0.3000%、0.3250%、0.3500%、0.3750%、0.4000%、0.4250%、0.4500%、0.4750%、0.5000%、0.5250%、0.5500%、0.5750%、0.6000%、0.6250%、0.6500%、0.6750%、0.7000%、0.7250%、0.7500%、0.7750%、0.8000%、0.8250%、0.8500%、0.8750%、0.9000%、0.9250%、0.9500%、0.9750%、1.0%、1.1%、1.2%、1.3%、1.4%、1.5%、1.6%、1.7%、1.8%、1.9%、2.0%、2.1%、2.2%、2.3%、2.4%、2.5%、2.6%、2.7%、2.8%、2.9%、3.0%、3.1%、3.2%、3.3%、3.4%、3.5%、3.6%、3.7%、3.8%、3.9%、4.0%、4.1%、4.2%、4.3%、4.4%、4.5%、4.6%、4.7%、4.8%、4.9%、5.0%、5.1%、5.2%、5.3%、5.4%、5.5%、5.6%、5.7%、5.8%、5.9%、6.0%、6.1%、6.2%、6.3%、6.4%、6.5%、6.6%、6.7%、6.8%、6.9%、7.0%、7.1%、7.2%、7.3%、7.4%、7.5%、7.6%、7.7%、7.8%、7.9%、8.0%、8.1%、8.2%、8.3%、8.4%、8.5%、8.6%、8.7%、8.8%、8.9%、9.0%、9.1%、9.2%、9.3%、9.4%、9.5%、9.6%、9.7%、9.8%、9.9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, or any range derived therefrom. In a non-limiting respect, percentages may be calculated by weight or volume of the total composition. Those skilled in the art will understand that concentrations can vary depending on the addition, substitution, and / or subtraction of ingredients in a given composition.

[0075] IV. Carrier

[0076] The compositions of the present invention may comprise or incorporate all types of carriers and supports. The carrier or support may be pharmaceutically acceptable or dermatologically acceptable. Non-limiting examples of carriers or supports include water, glycerin, alcohols, oils, polysiloxane-containing compounds, polysiloxane compounds, and waxes. Variations and other suitable carriers will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are applicable to the present invention. In some aspects, the concentrations and combinations of compounds, ingredients, and reagents may be selected such that the combination is chemically compatible and does not form complexes that precipitate from the final product.

[0077] V. Structure

[0078] The compositions of the present invention can be constructed or formulated in a variety of different forms. Non-limiting examples include emulsions (e.g., water-in-oil emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, polysiloxane emulsions, polysiloxane-in-water emulsions, oil-in-water-in-oil emulsions, polysiloxane-in-water-in-oil emulsions), creams, lotions, solutions (aqueous solutions and hydroalcoholic solutions), anhydrous bases (e.g., lipsticks and powders), gels, masks, scrubs, body lotions, peeling agents, and ointments. Variations and other structures will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are applicable to the present invention.

[0079] VI. Additional Ingredients

[0080] In addition to the combinations of ingredients disclosed by the inventors, the compositions may also contain additional ingredients, such as cosmetic ingredients and pharmaceutical active ingredients. Non-limiting examples of such additional ingredients are described in the following subsections.

[0081] A. Cosmetic ingredients

[0082] The CTFA International Dictionary and Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients (2004 and 2008) describes a variety of non-limiting cosmetic ingredients that can be used in the context of this invention. Examples of these ingredient categories include fragrances (artificial and natural; e.g., gluconic acid, phenoxyethanol, and triethanolamine), dyes and pigments (e.g., Blue 1, Blue 1 Lake, Red 40, titanium dioxide, D&C Blue No. 4, D&C Green No. 5, D&C Orange No. 4, D&C Red No. 17, D&C Red No. 33, D&C Violet No. 2, D&C Yellow No. 10, and D&C Yellow No. 11), flavorings / fragrances (e.g., stevia). Rebaudiana extract and menthol), adsorbents, lubricants, solvents, humectants (including, for example, emollients, humectants, film-forming agents, occlusive agents, and agents that affect the skin's natural moisturizing mechanisms), waterproofing agents, UV absorbers (physical and chemical absorbers such as para-aminobenzoic acid (“PABA”) and corresponding PABA derivatives, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, etc.), essential oils, vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K), trace metals (e.g., zinc, calcium, and selenium), anti-irritants (e.g., steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), plant extracts (e.g., aloe vera, chamomile, cucumber extract, ginkgo biloba extract), etc. Biloba, ginseng, and rosemary; antimicrobial agents; antioxidants (e.g., BHT and tocopherol); chelating agents (e.g., disodium EDTA and tetrasodium EDTA); preservatives (e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben); pH adjusters (e.g., sodium hydroxide and citric acid); absorbents (e.g., aluminum octenyl succinate, kaolin, corn starch, oat starch, cyclodextrin, talc, and zeolite); skin bleaching agents; and brightening agents (e.g., hydroquinone). Ingredients include niacinamide lactate, humectants (e.g., sorbitol, urea, methyl gluceth-20, saccharide isomers, and mannitol), exfoliants, waterproofing agents (e.g., magnesium stearate / aluminum stearate), skin conditioning agents (e.g., aloe vera extract, allantoin, bisabolol, ceramides, dimethicone, hyaluronic acid, biosaccharide gum-1, ethylhexylglycerin, pentylene glycol, hydrogenated polydecene, octyl dodecyl oleate, and dipotassium glycyrrhizate), and additives (iron oxides, aluminum hydroxide, and disodium stearoyl glutamate). The following subsections provide non-limiting examples of some of these ingredients.

[0083] The extracts described herein can be extracts prepared by extraction methods and combinations thereof known in the art. Non-limiting examples of extraction methods include extraction using liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, water extraction, ethyl acetate, alcohol, acetone, oil, supercritical carbon dioxide, thermal energy, pressure, pressure drop extraction, ultrasonic extraction, etc. The extracts can be liquids, solids, dried liquids, resuspended solids, etc.

[0084] 1. Moisturizer

[0085] Non-limiting examples of moisturizers that can be used with the compositions disclosed herein include octyl polymethylsiloxane, PVP / eicosene copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, octyl glycol, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, nicotinamide, oligopeptide-1, prickly pear fruit extract, centella asiatica meristem extract, amino acids, chondroitin sulfate, diglycerides, erythritol, fructose, glucose, glycerin, glycerin polymers, ethylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, honey, hyaluronic acid, hydrogenated honey, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, inositol, lactitol, maltitol, maltose, mannitol, natural moisturizing factors, PEG-15 butylene glycol, polyglycerol sorbitol, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid salts, potassium PCA, propylene glycol, sugar isomers, sodium glucuronide, sodium PCA, sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, urea, and xylitol.

[0086] Other examples include acetylated lanolin, acetylated lanolin alcohol, alanine, algae extract, Aloe barbadensis, Aloe barbadensis extract, Aloe barbadensis gel, Althea officinalis extract, Prunus armeniaca kernel oil, arginine, arginine aspartate, Arnica montana extract, aspartic acid, Persea gratissima oil, barrier sphingolipids, butanol, beeswax, behenol, β-sitosterol, Betula alba bark extract, Borago officinalis extract, Ruscus aculeatus extract, butylene glycol, Calendula officinalis extract, calendula oil, Euphorbia cerifera wax, rapeseed oil, caprylic / capric triglycerides, and Elettaria cardamom. Cardamomum oil, Copernicia cerifera wax, Daucus carota sativa oil, Ricinus communis oil, ceramide, pure ceresin, cetearyl alcohol polyether-5, cetearyl alcohol polyether-12, cetearyl alcohol polyether-20, cetearyl alcohol caprylate, cetearyl alcohol polyether-20, cetearyl alcohol polyether-24, cetearyl acetate, cetearyl caprylate, cetearyl palmitate, Anthemis nobilis oil, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, cholesterol hydroxystearate, citric acid, Clary sage (Southern European sage),Salvia sclarea oil, cocoa butter (Theobroma cacao), coconut oil (caprylate / capric acid ester), coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, collagen, collagen amino acids, corn (Zea mays) oil, fatty acids, decyl oleate, polydimethylsiloxane copolyol, polydimethylsiloxane alcohol, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl succinate, pentaerythritol hexacaprylate / hexacapric acid ester, DNA, erythritol, ethoxydiethylene glycol, ethyl linoleate, eucalyptus globulus oil, evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) oil, fatty acids, geranium (Geranium) maculatum oil, glucosamine, glucosamine glutamate, glutamic acid, glyceryl polyether-26, glyceryl, glycerol, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl hydroxystearate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl myristate, glyceryl oleate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl stearate SE, glycine, ethylene glycol stearate, ethylene glycol stearate SE, glycosaminoglycans, grape (Vitisvinifera) seed oil, hazelnut (American hazelnut, Corylus americana) nut oil, hazelnut (European hazelnut, Corylus avellana) nut oil, isohexyl glycol, hyaluronic acid, hybrid safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Tinctorius oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated coconut oil glycerides, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated lanolin, hydrogenated lecithin, hydrogenated palm glycerides, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated tallow glycerides, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrolyzed collagen, hydrolyzed elastin, hydrolyzed glucosamine, hydrolyzed keratin, hydrolyzed soybean protein, hydroxylated lanolin, hydroxyproline, isocetyl stearate, isocetyl stearyl oxystearate, isodecanyl oleate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl lanolinate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isostearamide DEA, isostearic acid, isostearyl lactate, isostearyl neopentanoate, jasmine (Jasminum officinale) oil, jojoba (Buxus chinensis) oil, kelp, and Aleurites (Kukui) Ingredients include: argan oil (Moluccana), lactamide MEA, lanolin alcohol polyether-16, lanolin alcohol polyether-10 acetate, lanolin, lanolin acid, lanolin alcohol, lanolin oil, lanolin wax, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) oil, lecithin, lemon (Citrus medica limonum) oil, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, macadamia ternifolia argan oil, maltitol, chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla).Chamomilla recutita oil, methyl glucosyl sesquistearate, methylsilanol PCA ester, mineral oil, mink oil, *Morchella esculenta* oil, myristyl lactate, myristyl myristate, myristyl propionate, neopentyl glycol dicaprylate / dicaprylate, octyl dodecyl alcohol, octyl dodecyl myristate, octyl dodecyl stearyl stearate, octyl hydroxystearate, octyl palmitate, octyl salicylate, octyl stearate, oleic acid, olive oil (Olea europaea), orange oil (Citrus aurantium dulcis), palm oil (Elaeis guineensis), palmitic acid, panthenyl thioethylamine, panthenol, panthenol, paraffin wax, PCA, peach kernel oil (Prunus persica), peanut oil (Arachis hypogaea), PEG-8 C12-C18 esters, PEG-15 cocoamine, PEG-150 distearate, PEG-60 glyceryl isostearate, PEG-5 glyceryl stearate, PEG-30 glyceryl stearate, PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-20 methylglucose sesquistearate, PEG-40 sorbitan peroleate, PEG-5 soybean sterol, PEG-10 soybean sterol, PEG-2 stearate, PEG-8 stearate, PEG-20 stearate, PEG-32 stearate, PEG-40 stearate, PEG-50 stearate, PEG-100 stearate, PEG-150 stearate, pentadecyl lactone, peppermint (Mentha) Piperrita oil, petrolatum, phospholipids, plankton extract, polyamino acid polysaccharide condensate, polyglycerol-3 diisostearate, polyquaternium-24, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 85, potassium myristate, potassium palmitate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprylate, propylene glycol dicaprylate, propylene glycol dinonanoate, propylene glycol laurate, propylene glycol stearate, propylene glycol stearate SE, PVP, pyridoxine dipalmitate, retinol, retinyl palmitate, rice (paddy rice)Oryza sativa oil, RNA, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) oil, rose oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil, sage (Salvia officinalis) oil, sandalwood (Santalum album) oil, serine, serum albumin, sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, shea butter (Butyrospermum parkii), silk powder, sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, sodium lactate, sodium palmitate, sodium PCA, sodium polyglutamate, soluble collagen, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitol, soybean (wild soybean, Glycine) Soja oil, sphingolipids, squalane, squalene, stearamide MEA-stearate, stearic acid, stearoxydimethylsiloxane, stearoxytrimethylsilane, stearyl alcohol, stearyl glycyrrhetinic acid ester, stearyl heptanoate, stearyl stearate, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed oil, sweet almond (Prunus amygdalusdulcis) oil, synthetic beeswax, tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl linoleate, triterpenoid, tridecyl valerate, tridecyl stearate, triethanolamine, tristearin, urea, vegetable oils, water, waxes, wheat (Triticum vulgare) germ oil and ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) oil.

[0087] 2. Antioxidants

[0088] Non-limiting examples of antioxidants that can be used in the compositions of this disclosure include: p-hydroxyacetophenone, nicotinamide, oligopeptide-1, Centella asiatica meristem extract, Pyracantha fortuneana fruit extract, Amomum villosum leaf extract, Saussurea involucrata extract, acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ascorbic acid dipalmitate, ascorbic acid methyl silanol pectate, ascorbic acid palmitate, stearic acid-L-ascorbic acid ester, BHA, BHT, tert-butylhydroquinone, cysteine, cysteine ​​HCl, dipentylhydroquinone, di-tert-butylhydroquinone, diceryl thiodipropionate, dioleoyl tocopherol methyl silanol, disodium ascorbate sulfate, distearate thiodipropionate, ditridecyl thiodipropionate, dodecyl gallate, isoascorbic acid, ascorbate, ethyl ferulic acid, ferulic acid, gallate, hydroquinone, isooctyl mercaptoacetate, kojic acid. Magnesium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate phosphate, methylsilanol ascorbic acid, natural plant antioxidants such as green tea extract or grape seed extract, nordihydroguaiac acid, octyl gallate, phenyl mercaptoacetic acid, potassium ascorbate phosphate, potassium sulfite, propyl gallate, quinones, rosmarinic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium isoascorbate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, superoxide dismutase, sodium thioglycolate, sorbitol furfural, thiodiethylene glycol, thiodiacetamide, thiodiacetic acid, mercaptoacetic acid, thiolactic acid, thiosalicylic acid, tocopherol polyether-5, tocopherol polyether-10, tocopherol polyether-12, tocopherol polyether-18, tocopherol polyether-50, tocopherol, tococelen, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol linoleate, tocopherol nicotinate, tocopherol succinate, and tris(nonylphenol) phosphite.

[0089] 3. Structuring agents

[0090] In other non-limiting aspects, the compositions disclosed herein may contain a structuring agent. The structuring agent contributes, in some respects, to rheological properties of the composition to promote its stability. In other respects, the structuring agent may also act as an emulsifier or surfactant. Non-limiting examples of structuring agents include: cetearyl alcohol polyether-25, disodium PEG-15 disulfide disodium CERALUTION ES, stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, stearic acid, palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol ethers of stearyl alcohol having an average of about 1 to about 21 ethylene oxide units, polyethylene glycol ethers of cetyl alcohol having about 1 to about 5 ethylene oxide units, and mixtures thereof.

[0091] 4. Emulsifier

[0092] In some aspects of this disclosure, the composition does not contain an emulsifier. However, in other aspects, the composition may contain one or more emulsifiers. Emulsifiers can reduce interfacial tension between phases and improve the formulation and stability of the emulsion. Emulsifiers may be nonionic, cationic, anionic, or zwitterionic emulsifiers (see U.S. Patents 5,011,681; 4,421,769; 3,755,560). Non-limiting examples include esters of glycerol, esters of propylene glycol, fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol, fatty acid esters of polypropylene glycol, esters of sorbitol, esters of dehydrated sorbitan anhydride, carboxylic acid copolymers, esters and ethers of glucose, ethoxylated ethers, ethoxylated alcohols, alkyl phosphates, polyoxyethylene fatty ether phosphates, fatty acid amides, acyl lactates, soaps, TEA salts / esters of stearate, DEA salts of oleyl alcohol polyether-3 phosphate, polyethylene glycol 20 dehydrated sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20), polyethylene glycol 5 daidzein, stearyl alcohol polyether-2, stearyl alcohol polyether-20, stearyl alcohol polyether-21, cetearyl alcohol polyether-20, cetearyl alcohol glucoside, cetearyl alcohol, C12 to C13 alkanol polyether-3, PPG -2-methylglucose distearate, PPG-5-cetyl alcohol polyether-20, bis-PEG / PPG-20 / 20 polydimethylsiloxane, cetyl alcohol polyether-10, polysorbate 80, cetyl phosphate, cetyl phosphate potassium, cetyl phosphate diethanolamine, polysorbate 60, glyceryl stearate, PEG-100 stearate, arachidonic acid, arachidonic acid glucoside, cetyl PEG / PPG-10 / 1 polydimethylsiloxane, pentaerythritol-tetra-bis-tert-butylhydroxyhydrocinnamate, polyglycerol-4, diisostearate, polyhydroxystearate, sebacic acid ester, polydimethylsiloxane / PEG-10 / 15 crosspolymer, dipropylene glycol, sodium citrate, tocopherol, and mixtures thereof.

[0093] 5. Compounds containing polysiloxanes

[0094] In a non-limiting sense, polysiloxane-containing compounds include any member of the polymer family whose molecular backbone consists of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms and whose side groups are attached to silicon atoms. By varying the chain length, side groups, and crosslinking of the -Si-O- group, polysiloxanes can be synthesized into a wide variety of materials. Their consistency can range from liquid to gel to solid.

[0095] In the context of this invention, polysiloxane-containing compounds include those described herein or those known to those skilled in the art. Non-limiting examples include silicone oils (e.g., volatile and non-volatile oils), gels, and solids. In some aspects, polysiloxane-containing compounds include silicone oils, such as polyorganosiloxanes. Non-limiting examples of polyorganosiloxanes include polydimethylsiloxane, cyclomethylpolysiloxane, polysiloxane-11, phenyltrimethylpolysiloxane, trimethylsilylaminodimethylsiloxane, stearoxytrimethylsilane, or mixtures of these and other organopolysiloxane materials in any given proportion to achieve the desired consistency and application properties according to the intended application (e.g., application to a specific area such as skin, hair, or eyes). "Volatile silicone oil" includes silicone oils with low heat of vaporization, for example, silicone oils typically with less than about 50 cal of heat of vaporization per gram. Non-limiting examples of volatile silicone oils include cyclomethyl polysiloxanes such as Dow Corning 344 fluid, Dow Corning 345 fluid, Dow Corning 244 fluid, and Dow Corning 245 fluid, Volatile Silicon 7207 (Union Carbide Corp., Danbury, Conn.); and low-viscosity polydimethylsiloxanes, such as polydimethylsiloxanes with a viscosity of about 50 cst or less (e.g., polydimethylsiloxanes such as Dow Corning 200 cst fluid to Dow Corning 0.5 cst fluid). Dow Corning fluid is available from Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan. Cyclomethylpolysiloxanes and polydimethylpolysiloxanes are described in the CTFA Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients, Third Edition (incorporated by reference), respectively, as mixtures of cyclic dimethylpolysiloxane compounds and fully methylated linear siloxane polymers capped with trimethylsiloxy units. Other non-limiting volatile silicone oils that may be used in the context of this invention include those available from General Electric Co., Silicone Products Div., Waterford, NY, and SWS Silicones Div. of Stauffer Chemical Co., Adrian, Michigan.

[0096] 6. Exfoliating agent

[0097] Exfoliants comprise ingredients that remove dead skin cells from the outer surface of the skin. These agents can act by mechanical, chemical, and / or other means. Non-limiting examples of mechanical exfoliants include abrasives such as pumice, silica, fabrics, paper, shells, beads, solid crystals, solid polymers, etc. Non-limiting examples of chemical exfoliants include acid exfoliants and enzyme exfoliants. Acids that can be used as exfoliants include, but are not limited to, glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids, etc. Other exfoliants known to those skilled in the art are also envisioned to be useful in the context of this invention.

[0098] 7. Essential oils

[0099] Essential oils comprise oils derived from herbs, flowers, trees, and other plants. These oils typically exist as tiny droplets between plant cells and can be extracted using several methods known to those skilled in the art (e.g., steam distillation, enfleurage (e.g., using fat extraction), maceration, solvent extraction, or mechanical pressing). When these types of oils are exposed to air, they tend to evaporate (e.g., volatile oils). Therefore, although many essential oils are colorless, they oxidize and darken over time. Essential oils are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohols, ethers, fixed oils (vegetable oils), and other organic solvents. Typical physical properties found in essential oils include a boiling point varying from about 160°C to 240°C and a density from about 0.759 to about 1.096.

[0100] Essential oils are typically named after the plant from which they are found. For example, rose oil or peppermint oil is derived from the rose or mint plant, respectively. Non-limiting examples of essential oils that may be used in the context of this invention include sesame oil, macadamia nut oil, tea tree oil, evening primrose oil, Spanish sage oil, Spanish rosemary oil, coriander oil, thyme oil, allspice oil, rose oil, anise oil, balsam oil, bergamot oil, rosewood oil, cypress oil, chamomile oil, sage oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, cypress oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, sea fennel oil, frankincense oil, geranium oil, ginger oil, grapefruit oil, jasmine oil, juniper oil, lavender oil, lemon oil, lemongrass oil, lime oil, citrus oil, marjoram oil, myrrh oil, neroli oil, orange oil, patchouli oil, pepper oil, black pepper oil, petitgrain oil, pine oil, and osto rose. Oils such as ott-Oil, rosemary oil, sandalwood oil, spearmint oil, spikenard oil, vetiver oil, wintergreen oil, or ylang-ylang oil are also permitted. Other essential oils known to those skilled in the art are also envisioned to be useful in the context of this disclosure.

[0101] 8. Thickener

[0102] Thickening agents include thickeners or gelling agents, encompassing substances that can increase the viscosity of a composition. Thickening agents include those that can increase the viscosity of a composition without substantially altering the efficacy of the active ingredients in the composition. Thickening agents can also increase the stability of the compositions of the present invention. In some aspects of the present invention, thickening agents include xanthan gum, PVP / eicosene copolymer, and ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate / VP copolymer (ARISTOFLEX). ® AVC), cetearyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, caprylyl glycol, ethylhexylglycerin, isohexanediol (BOTANISTAT PF-64), silica, hydrogenated polyisobutylene, trihydroxystearin, ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate / VP copolymer, or mixtures thereof.

[0103] Non-limiting examples of other thickeners that may be used in the context of this invention include carboxylic acid polymers, crosslinked polyacrylate polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, polysaccharides, and gums. Examples of carboxylic acid polymers include crosslinked compounds comprising one or more monomers derived from acrylic acid, substituted acrylic acid, and salts and esters of such acrylic acid and substituted acrylic acid, wherein the crosslinking agent contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds and is derived from polyols (see U.S. Patents 5,087,445; 4,509,949; 2,798,053; CTFA International Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients, 4th Edition, 1991, pp. 12 and 80). Commercially available examples of carboxylic acid polymers include carbomers, which are homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with sucrose or pentaerythritol allyl ethers (e.g., CARBOPOL from BF GOODRICH). TM 900 series).

[0104] Non-limiting examples of crosslinked polyacrylate polymers include cationic and nonionic polymers. Examples are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,100,660, 4,849,484, 4,835,206, 4,628,078, and 4,599,379.

[0105] Non-limiting examples of polyacrylamide polymers (including nonionic polyacrylamide polymers, which include substituted branched polymers or linear polymers) include polyacrylamide, isoparaffins and lauryl ether-7, acrylamide and substituted acrylamide multiblock copolymers with acrylic acid and substituted acrylic acid.

[0106] Non-limiting examples of polysaccharides include cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Another example is alkyl-substituted cellulose, wherein the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose polymer are hydroxyalkylated (preferably hydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated) to form hydroxyalkylated cellulose, and then further modified with C10 to C30 straight-chain or branched alkyl groups via ether bonds. Typically, these polymers are ethers of C10 to C30 straight-chain or branched alcohols with hydroxyalkyl cellulose. Other useful polysaccharides include stearin, which comprises a linear chain of (1 to 3) linked glucose units, with (1 to 6) linked glucose units per three units.

[0107] Non-limiting examples of gums that can be used with the present invention include gum arabic, agar, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, carrageenan calcium, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guar gum hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, lithium saponite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar gum, ark tarragon gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextrin, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof.

[0108] 9. Preservatives

[0109] Non-limiting examples of preservatives that may be used in the context of this invention include quaternary ammonium salt preservatives such as polyquaternium-1 and benzalkonium halide (e.g., benzalkonium chloride (“BAC”) and benzalkonium bromide), parabens (e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben), phenoxyethanol, octyl glycol, chlorophenoxyether, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, or combinations thereof.

[0110] 10. Moisturizer

[0111] Useful emollients include the following: (a) silicone oils and their modified forms, such as linear and cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes; amino silicone oils, alkyl silicone oils, alkylaryl silicone oils, and aryl silicone oils; (b) fats and oils, including natural fats and oils such as jojoba oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, rice bran oil, avocado oil, almond oil, olive oil, sesame oil, and apricot oil. (c) oils, castor oil, coconut oil, mink oil; cocoa butter; tallow, lard; hardened oils obtained by hydrogenation of the above oils; and synthetic monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides, such as glyceryl myristate and glyceryl 2-ethylhexanoate; (d) waxes, such as carnauba wax, cetearyl wax, beeswax, lanolin and their derivatives; (e) hydrophobic plant extracts; (f) hydrocarbons, such as liquid paraffin, petrolatum, microcrystalline wax, ceresin, squalene, pristan and mineral oil; (c) higher fatty acids, such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, lanolinic acid, isostearic acid, arachidonic acid, and arachidonic acid. (g) Acetic acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); (h) Higher alcohols, such as lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, cholesterol, and 2-hexyldecyl alcohol; (h) Esters, such as cetyl caprylate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl adipate, butyl stearate, decyl oleate, cholesterol isostearate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl tristearate, alkyl lactate, alkyl citrate, and alkyl tartarate; (i) Essential oils and their extracts, such as spearmint oil, jasmine oil, camphor oil, white cypress oil, bitter orange oil. Leather oil, rye oil, turpentine oil, cinnamon oil, bergamot oil, Satsuma mandarin oil, calamus oil, pine oil, lavender oil, laurel oil, clove oil, hiba oil, eucalyptus oil, lemon oil, borage oil, thyme oil, peppermint oil, rose oil, sage oil, sesame oil, ginger oil, basil oil, juniper oil, lemongrass oil, rosemary oil, rosewood oil, avocado oil, grape oil, grapeseed oil, myrrh oil, cucumber oil, watercress oil, calendula oil, elderflower oil, geranium oil, linden flower oil, amaranth oil, seaweed oil, ginkgo oil, ginseng oil, carrot oil, guarana oil Oils containing: (i) tea tree oil, jojoba oil, comfrey oil, oat oil, cocoa butter, neroli oil, vanilla oil, green tea oil, peppermint, aloe vera, menthol, eugenol, citral, citronellol, borneol, linalool, geraniol, evening primrose, camphor, thymol, spirantol, pinene, limonene, and terpenoids; (j) lipids, such as cholesterol, ceramides, sucrose esters, and pseudoceramides, as described in European Patent Specification No. 556,957; (k) vitamins, minerals, and skin nutrients, such as vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin K; vitamin alkyl esters, including vitamin C alkyl esters; magnesium, calcium, and milk;(l) sunscreens, such as octyl methoxycinnamate (Parsol MCX) and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789); (l) phospholipids; (m) polyols, such as glycerin, propanediol, and propylene glycol; and polyols such as polyethylene glycol; (n) anti-aging compounds, such as α-hydroxy acids and β-hydroxy acids; and (o) any mixture of the foregoing components, etc.

[0112] 11. Tackifier

[0113] Examples of suitable tackifiers include, but are not limited to, aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, aromatic modified aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, hydrogenated polycyclopentadiene resins, polycyclopentadiene resins, rosin, rosin esters, wood rosin, wood rosin esters, tall oil rosin, tall oil rosin esters, polyterpenes, aromatic modified polyterpenes, terpenoid phenols, aromatic modified hydrogenated polycyclopentadiene resins, hydrogenated aliphatic resins, hydrogenated aliphatic aromatic resins, hydrogenated terpenes and modified terpenes, hydrogenated rosin acids, hydrogenated rosin esters, polyisoprene, partially or fully hydrogenated polyisoprene, polybutene, partially or fully hydrogenated polybutene, etc. As some cited examples demonstrate, tackifiers can be fully hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated. Tackifiers can also be nonpolar. (Non-polar means that the tackifier is substantially free of monomers having polar groups. Preferably, polar groups are not present; however, if present, they are preferably present in an amount of up to about 5% by weight, preferably up to about 2% by weight, and more preferably up to about 0.5% by weight.)

[0114] 12. Coloring agents

[0115] The compositions of the present invention also comprise at least one cosmetically acceptable colorant, such as a pigment or dye. Examples of suitable pigments include, but are not limited to, inorganic pigments, organic pigments, lakes, pearlescent pigments, iridescent pigments, or optically variable pigments and mixtures thereof. Pigments should be understood as inorganic or organic particles, white or colored particles. Within the scope of the present invention, pigments may optionally be surface-treated, but are not limited to, treatments with, for example, polysiloxanes, perfluorinated compounds, lecithin, and amino acids.

[0116] 13. Surfactants

[0117] Surfactants suitable for use as surfactant components in the compositions of the present invention include PEG-15 disulfide, glyceryl stearate, nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric (amphoionic) surfactants, and can be used in combination with each other.

[0118] 14. pH adjuster

[0119] pH adjusters include inorganic and organic acids as well as bases, particularly ammonia, citric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, lactic acid, levulinic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), succinic acid, citric acid, glutamic acid, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), and triethanolamine (TEA).

[0120] 15. Reducing agent

[0121] Suitable reducing agents include, but are not limited to, salts of thiourea, thiosulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, metabisulfite, borohydride, and hypophosphite (e.g., sodium salts), ascorbic acid and its salts, esters, and derivatives (e.g., ascorbate palmitate and ascorbate polypeptides), and tocopherol and its salts, esters, and derivatives (e.g., tocopherol acetate). Other reducing agents are listed on pages 1655-56 of the INCI Handbook.

[0122] 16. Fragrance

[0123] The compositions disclosed herein may optionally contain fragrances. Examples of possible fragrances include natural oils or materials of natural origin, as well as synthetic fragrances such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, lactones, ethers, nitriles, and polyfunctional compounds.

[0124] Non-limiting examples of natural oils include basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil, laurel (Pimentoacris) oil, lemon balm (Monarda didyma) oil, bergamot (Citrus aurantium bergamia) oil, cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) oil, cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica) oil, chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) oil, cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) oil, lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) oil, clary sage (Salvia sclarea) oil, clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) oil, clove leaf (Eufenia caryophyllus) oil, tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) oil, cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) oil, and lemon eucalyptus (Eucalyptus). Citriodora oil, Geranium maculatum oil, Zingiber officinale oil, Citrus grandis oil, Corylus avellana nut oil, Jasminum officinale oil, Juniper communis oil, Juniper oxycedrus tar, Juniper virginiana oil, Actinidia chinensis water, Lavandula hybrida oil, Lavandula angustifolia oil, Lavandula angustifolia water, Citrus medica limonum oil, Citrus schoenanthus oil, Citrus lemongrass oil, Citrus schoenanthus oil, Citrus limonum oil. Tilia cordata oil, linden (heartleaf linden) water, citrus (Citrus nobilis) oil, nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) oil, orange (citrus aurantium dulcis) flower oil, orange (citrus aurantium dulcis) ... flower oil, citrus aurantium dulcis flower oil, citrus aurantium dulcis flower oil, citrus aurantium flower oil, citrus aurantium flower oil, citrus aurantium flower oil, citrus aurantium flower oil, citrus aurantium flower oil, citrus aurantium flower oil, citrus aurantium flower oil, citrus aurantium flowerCitrus aurantium dulcis (water), Pogostemon cablin (oil), Menthepiperita (oil), Menthe peperita (water), Rosmarinus officinalis (oil), Rose oil, Rosa damascena (extract), Rosa multiflora (extract), Aniba rosaeodora (extract), Salvia officinalis (oil), Santalum album (oil), Menthe viridis (oil), Melaleuca alternifolia (oil), and Cananga odorata (oil).

[0125] Some non-limiting examples of synthetic hydrocarbon fragrances include caryophyllene, β-farnese, limonene, α-pinene, and β-pinene. Some non-limiting examples of synthetic alcohol fragrances include santalol, citronellol, linalool, phenethyl alcohol, and α-terpineol (R=H). Some non-limiting examples of synthetic aldehyde fragrances include 2-methylundecaldehyde, citral, hexylcinnamaldehyde, isocyclic citral, lily aldehyde, and 10-undecenal. Some non-limiting examples of synthetic ketone fragrances include cashmereone, α-ionone, ambroxan E, koavone, muscone, and tuna musk. Some non-limiting examples of synthetic ester fragrances include benzyl acetate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate (cis and trans), cypress acetate, tricyclodecenyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, and α-terpineol acetate (R=acetyl). Some non-limiting examples of synthetic lactone fragrances include coumarin, jasmine lactone, thymol, and peach aldehyde. Some non-limiting examples of synthetic ether fragrances include ambroxol, anther, and galaxolide. Some non-limiting examples of synthetic nitrile fragrances include cinnamonitrile and geraniol. Finally, some non-limiting examples of synthetic multi-functional fragrances include amyl salicylate, isoeugenol, hedione, piperaldehyde, neolizurol, and vanillin.

[0126] 17. Foaming agent

[0127] Foaming agents include, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium alkyl sulfosuccinate, sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfonate, sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate, N-acyl amino acid salts such as N-acyl glutamate, 2-alkyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethyl imidazoline betaine, maltitol fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, fatty acid diethanolamides, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters. These foaming agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0128] 18. Tanning agents

[0129] Suitable tanning agents include, but are not limited to: α-hydroxy aldehydes and α-hydroxy ketones, glyceraldehyde and related alcohol aldehydes, various indoles, imidazoles and their derivatives, and various approved pigmenting agents. Other suitable tanning agents include, but are not limited to: methylglyoxal, glyceraldehyde, erythritol, alloxan, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinaldehyde, 2,3-dimethoxysuccinaldehyde, 2-amino-3-hydroxysuccinaldehyde, and 2-benzylamino-3-hydroxysuccinaldehyde.

[0130] 19. Astringent

[0131] Suitable astringents include, but are not limited to, aluminum citrate, aluminum lactate, birch extract, coffee extract, evening primrose extract, grape extract, henna extract, ivy extract, lemon extract, witch hazel extract, ammonium alum and potassium alum, aluminum tripolyphosphate, aluminum glycinate and aluminum phenolsulfonate, aluminum cloxa, aluminum allantoin, aluminum stearate, aluminum sulfate and aluminum citrate, sodium aluminum phosphate, sodium alum, sodium aluminum chlorohydroxylate, calcium lactate, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate hydrate, sodium aluminum lactate, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc lactate, zinc zeolite, zinc phenolsulfonate, and combinations thereof. "Extract" refers to the whole fruit, legume, and / or plant, or selected components of such fruit, legume, and / or plant.

[0132] 20. Antibacterial agents

[0133] Suitable antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl benzoic acid, phenoxyethanol, o-phenylphenol, dehydroacetic acid or its salts, p-cresol, m-cresol, o-chlorom-xylenol, peppermint oil, echinacea, sansevieria, cayenne pepper, tea tree oil, wild lemon balm, dense evergreen broadleaf shrub, stingingmetal, laurel, myrrh, latani bark, toothache tree, calendula, chamomile, mupirocin, neomycin sulfate, bacitracin, polymyxin B, levofloxacin, tetracyclines (chlortetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, and tetracycline hydrochloride), clindamycin phosphate, gentamicin sulfate, benzalkonium chloride, benzyl chloride, hexylresorcinol, methylbenzyl chloride, phenol, quaternary ammonium compounds, triclocarban, triclosan, and tea tree oil.

[0134] 21. Deodorants and antiperspirants

[0135] Suitable antiperspirants and deodorants include, but are not limited to, zinc salts such as zinc sulfate and zinc chloride, glycine salts such as aluminum zirconium glycinate, aluminum hydroxychloride, aluminum tetrachlorohydroxyzirconium carbonate, o-phenylphenol, and quaternary ammonium compounds such as dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and hexamethyl diammonium chloride.

[0136] 22. Brightening agent

[0137] Examples of skin brightening agents include, but are not limited to, hydroquinone, kojic acid, licorice and / or its derivatives, ascorbic acid and / or its derivatives, arbutin, bearberry extract, licorice root extract and its derivatives, chlorella extract, perilla extract, coconut fruit extract and / or other depigmenting agents.

[0138] 23. Biocides

[0139] Examples of biocides include, but are not limited to, triclosan, 3,4,4′-trichlorodiphenylurea (triclocarban); 3,4,4′-trifluoromethyl-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylurea (chlorofluorocarban); 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; iodopropynyl butylcarbamate; 8-hydroxyquinoline; 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate; 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate; 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol (chloroxylenol); 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol; diazolidinyl urea; butoconazole; nystatin; teconazole; nitrofurantoin; phenacetin; acyclovir; clotrimazole; chloroxylenol; chlorhexidine; miconazole. Azole; terconazole; butylparaben; ethylparaben; methylparaben; methylparaben; methylchloroisothiazolinone; methylisothiazolinone; mixtures of 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; hydroxyquinoline; EDTA; tetrasodium EDTA; parabens; alkylpyridinium compounds; cocophosphatidyl PG-dimethylammonium chloride; chlorhexidine gluconate; chlorhexidine digluconate; chlorhexidine acetate; chlorhexidine ethanesulfonate; chlorhexidine hydrochloride; benzalkonium chloride; benzyl chloride; polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; and mixtures thereof.

[0140] B. Drug components

[0141] It is also envisioned that pharmaceutically active agents can be used in the compositions of the present invention. Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically active agents include anti-acne agents, agents for treating rosacea, analgesics, anesthetics, anorectal medications, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory agents including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antifungal agents, antiviral agents, antimicrobial agents, anticancer agents, anti-scabies agents, lice-killing agents, antitumor agents, antiperspirants, antipruritic agents, antipsoriatic agents, antiseborrheic agents, bioactive proteins and peptides, burn treatment agents, cauterizing agents. Agents, depigmenting agents, depilatory agents, diaper rash treatment agents, enzymes, hair growth stimulants, hair growth depressants including DFMO and its salts and analogues, hemostatic agents, keratolytic agents, oral ulcer treatment agents, cold sore treatment agents, dental and periodontal treatment agents, photosensitizing agents, skin protectants / barrier agents, steroids including hormones and corticosteroids, sunburn treatment agents, sunscreens, transdermal agents, nasal agents, vaginal agents, wart treatment agents, wound treatment agents, wound healing agents, etc.

[0142] VII. Reagent Kit

[0143] It is also envisioned that the kit be used in certain aspects of the invention. For example, the compositions of the invention may be included in the kit. The kit may include a container. The container may include a bottle, metal tube, laminated tube, plastic tube, dispenser, pressurized container, barrier container, pouch, divider, lipstick container, powder box container, cosmetic tray for containing cosmetic compositions, or other types of containers, such as injection-molded or blow-molded plastic containers, containing a dispersion or composition or the desired bottle, dispenser, or pouch. The surface of the kit and / or container may include markings. Markings may, for example, be words, phrases, abbreviations, pictures, or symbols.

[0144] The container can dispense a predetermined amount of the composition. In other embodiments, the container (e.g., a metal tube, laminated tube, or plastic tube) can be squeezed to dispense the desired amount of composition. The composition can be dispensed in the form of a spray, aerosol, liquid, fluid, or semi-solid. The container may have a spray, pump, or squeeze mechanism. The kit may also include instructions for use of the kit components and any other compositions included in the container. The instructions may include an explanation of how to apply, use, and maintain the composition.

[0145] Example

[0146] The following embodiments are included to illustrate preferred aspects of the invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the techniques disclosed in the following embodiments represent techniques that the inventors have discovered work well in practicing the invention and can therefore be considered as preferred modes of practice. However, those skilled in the art will understand from this disclosure that many changes can be made to the specific aspects disclosed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and while still obtaining the same or similar results.

[0147] Example 1

[0148] (Test carrier)

[0149] Tables 1 and 2 describe general skin test formulations in which sunscreen agents and aluminum starch octenylsuccinate may be incorporated to determine the efficacy and stability of the composition in protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation, reducing or preventing sunburn, and / or reducing or preventing excessive melanin production due to exposure to the sun and / or UV radiation.

[0150] Table 1*

[0151]

[0152] *Preparation steps of the composition: Sprinkle xanthan gum into water and mix for 10 minutes. Then, add all components of phase A and heat to 70°C to 75°C. Add all materials of phase B to a separate beaker and heat to 70°C to 75°C. Mix phases A and B at 70°C to 75°C. Continue mixing and cool the composition to 30°C. Then, while mixing, add the components of phase C.

[0153] **The active ingredients identified throughout this specification may be incorporated into the composition as active ingredients. Active ingredients may be used alone or in combination in the composition. The concentration range of the active ingredient (or combination of active ingredients) may be modified as needed or required by increasing or decreasing the amount of water. Examples of active ingredients that may be included include avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and aluminum octenyl succinate.

[0154] Table 2*

[0155]

[0156] Add the components of phase A to a beaker and heat to 70°C to 75°C while mixing. Then, combine phase B with phase A and cool to 30°C while mixing. Subsequently, add phase C while mixing.

[0157] **The active ingredients identified throughout this specification may be incorporated into the composition as active ingredients. Active ingredients may be used alone or in combination in the composition. The concentration range of the active ingredients (or combinations of active ingredients) may be modified as needed or required by increasing or decreasing the amount of water. Example active ingredients that may be included include avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and aluminum octenyl succinate.

[0158] Example 2

[0159] (Exemplary formulation)

[0160] Formulations 1 to 3, having the ingredients disclosed herein, were prepared as topical skin compositions. In some cases, the topical skin compositions may be prepared as liquids, serums, creams, gels, gel-creams, ointments, sprays, emulsions, or gel-emulsions. Formulations 1 to 3 in Tables 3 to 5 are examples of sunscreen compositions of the present disclosure prepared as lotions.

[0161] Table 3*

[0162] Formulation 1

[0163]

[0164] *The formulation can be prepared by heating in a beaker at 70°C to 75°C until the components are homogeneous. The formulation can then be cooled to room temperature (20°C to 25°C). Furthermore, additional components may be added if necessary, for example, to modify the rheological properties of the composition.

[0165] Table 4*

[0166] Formulation 2

[0167]

[0168] *The formulation can be prepared by heating in a beaker at 70°C to 75°C until the components are homogeneous. The formulation can then be cooled to room temperature (20°C to 25°C). Furthermore, additional components may be added if necessary, for example, to modify the rheological properties of the composition.

[0169] Table 5*

[0170] Formulation 3

[0171]

[0172] Example 3

[0173] (Sun Protection Factor Measurement)

[0174] The sun protection factor (SPF) of formulations 1 to 3 provided in Tables 3 to 5 was determined. These formulations represent sun protection compositions of this disclosure prepared as lotions. SPF is a measure of the amount of UV radiation (e.g., solar energy) required to cause sunburn on unprotected skin (e.g., in the presence of a sun protection composition) relative to the amount of UV radiation (e.g., solar energy) required to cause sunburn on unprotected skin (e.g., in the absence of a sun protection composition). Generally, sunburn protection increases with increasing SPF value. The SPF values ​​of formulations 1 to 3 in Tables 3 to 5 are as follows: Formulation 1 (Table 3), SPF 43; Formulation 2, SPF 40 (Table 4); Formulation 3, unknown (Table 5).

[0175] Example 4

[0176] (Additional measurements)

[0177] Determinations that can be used to determine the efficacy of any one ingredient, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combinations of ingredients disclosed throughout the specification and claims can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art. The following are non-limiting determinations that may be used in the context of this disclosure. It should be appreciated that other testing procedures may be used, including, for example, objective and subjective procedures.

[0178] Collagen Stimulation Assay: The collagen stimulation assay can be used to determine the ability of any of the active ingredients, combinations of ingredients, or compositions having said combinations disclosed in this specification to increase the expression of procollagen-1 (a precursor of collagen). Collagen (type I, II, III, IV, and V) can be synthesized into precursor molecules called procollagen. These precursor molecules may contain additional peptide sequences at both the N-terminus and C-terminus, commonly referred to as "propeptides." During cellular expression and secretion, procollagen can assemble in a trimer form and then be cleaved by specific endopeptidases at specific N-terminal and C-terminal sites, producing three fragments: procollagen-1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP), type I collagen, and procollagen-1 C-terminal propeptide (PICP).

[0179] The function of propeptides is to promote the coiling of procollagen molecules into a triple-helix conformation within the endoplasmic reticulum. Propeptides can be cleaved from the collagen triple-helix molecules during secretion, after which the triple-helix collagen polymerizes into extracellular collagen fibers. Therefore, the amount of free propeptides stoichiometrically reflects the amount of collagen molecules synthesized (this relationship is analogous to the relationship between the C-terminal peptide of proinsulin and endogenously produced insulin). Collagen is an extracellular matrix protein essential for skin structure. Increasing collagen synthesis helps improve skin firmness and elasticity.

[0180] PICP in fibroblast extracts and culture supernatants can be quantitatively detected using an enzyme immunoassay kit (e.g., Takara #MK101) to assess the component's effect on PICP synthesis in the skin. This bioassay can be used to examine its effect on the production of procollagen peptides (precursors of collagen) by human epidermal fibroblasts. The endpoint of this assay can be a spectrophotometric measurement reflecting the presence of procollagen peptides and cell viability. The assay employs a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique, in which a specific monoclonal antibody against procollagen peptides is pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples can be pipetted into the wells, and any present procollagen peptides bind to the immobilized antibody. After washing away all unbound material, an enzyme-linked polyclonal antibody against procollagen peptides is added to the wells. After washing to remove all unbound antibody-enzyme reagent, substrate solution is added to the wells, and color development is proportional to the amount of procollagen peptides bound in the initial step. Color development is terminated, and the color intensity is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader.

[0181] For sample and control generation, sub-confluent normal adult epidermal fibroblasts (Cascade Biologics) were cultured in standard DMEM growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Mediatech) at 37°C and 10% CO2. Cells were treated with each test component and control for 3 days. After incubation, cell culture medium was collected, and the secretion of type I procollagen peptides was quantified using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from Takara (#MK101) as described above.

[0182] Elastin Stimulation Assay: Elastin is a connective tissue protein that helps the skin regain its shape after stretching or contraction. Elastin is also an important load-bearing protein, used where mechanical energy needs to be stored. Elastin is produced by linking numerous soluble proelastin molecules in a reaction catalyzed by lysyl oxidase. Elastin secretion and elastin fibers in cultured human fibroblasts can be monitored using a direct ELISA sandwich assay, staining cultured human fibroblasts with an immunofluorescent antibody targeting elastin. Results can be analyzed using the Meso Scale Discovery system SECTOR2400 imaging system. By incubating cultured human fibroblasts with the active ingredient for a period of time, and then probing the cells or their lysates with an antibody targeting elastin, changes in elastin secretion and elastin fibers induced by one or more components of the composition can be determined.

[0183] Laminin Stimulation Assay: Laminin is a major protein in the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) (also known as the basement membrane). Located between the dermis and epidermis, the DEJ forms finger-like projections called rete ridges. Epidermal cells obtain nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis. The rete ridges increase the surface area of ​​the epidermis exposed to these vessels and the necessary nutrients. The DEJ provides adhesion between the two tissue compartments and controls the structural integrity of the skin. Laminin is a structural glycoprotein located within the DEJ. Along with fibronectin, laminin is considered an adhesive that holds cells together, and both are secreted by dermal fibroblasts to help promote intracellular and intercellular adhesion of epidermal cells to the DEJ.

[0184] Laminin secretion can be monitored by quantitatively analyzing the laminin content in the supernatant of cultured human fibroblasts, where the cultured cells are treated for 3 days in a medium containing or without one or more test components at a final concentration of 1.0%. Following incubation, laminin levels can be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an immunofluorescent antibody targeting each protein.

[0185] Fibronectin Stimulation Assay: Fibronectin is a major protein in the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) (also known as the basement membrane). The DEJ lies between the dermis and epidermis, interlocking to form finger-like projections called reticular ridges. Epidermal cells obtain nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis. The reticular ridges increase the surface area of ​​the epidermis exposed to these vessels and the necessary nutrients. The DEJ provides adhesion between the two tissue compartments and controls the structural integrity of the skin. Fibronectin is a structural glycoprotein located within the DEJ. Along with laminin, fibronectin is considered an adhesive that holds cells together; both are secreted by dermal fibroblasts to help promote intracellular and intercellular adhesion of epidermal cells to the DEJ.

[0186] Laminin secretion can be monitored by quantitatively analyzing the laminin content in the supernatant of cultured human fibroblasts, where the cultured cells are treated for 3 days in a medium containing or without one or more test components at a final concentration of 1.0%. Following incubation, fibronectin levels can be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with immunofluorescent antibodies targeting each protein.

[0187] Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) Assay: TNF-α, the prototype ligand of the TNF superfamily, is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in inflammation. Increased expression of TNF-α is associated with upregulation of pro-inflammatory activity. This bioassay can be used to analyze the effect of any active ingredient, combination of ingredients, or composition having said combination disclosed in this specification on TNF-α production by human epidermal keratinocytes. The endpoint of this assay is a spectrophotometric measurement reflecting the presence of TNF-α and cell viability. This assay employs a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique, in which a monoclonal antibody specifically targeting TNF-α is pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells, and any present TNF-α binds to the immobilized antibody. After washing away any unbound material, an enzyme-linked polyclonal antibody against TNF-α is added to the wells. After washing to remove any unbound antibody-enzyme reagent, substrate solution is added to the wells, and color development is proportional to the amount of TNF-α bound in the initial step, detected using a microplate reader at 450 nm. Color development can be terminated and color intensity measured. Subconfluent normal adult keratinocytes were cultured in EPILIFETM standard growth medium (Cascade Biologics) at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 6 hours. The Cascade Biologics were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 10 ng / ml, SIGMA CHEMICAL, #P1585-1MG) and any active ingredient, combination of ingredients, or composition having said combination disclosed in this specification. The normal adult keratinocytes (Cascade Biologics) were cultured in EPILIFETM standard growth medium (Cascade Biologics) at 37°C and 5% CO2 until subconfluent. PMA has been shown to cause a sharp increase in TNF-α secretion, peaking 6 hours after treatment. After incubation, the cell culture medium was collected, and TNF-α secretion was quantified using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from R&D Systems (#DTA00C).

[0188] Antioxidant (AO) assay: An in vitro bioassay used to measure the total antioxidant capacity of any one of the ingredients, combinations of ingredients, or compositions having said combinations disclosed in this specification. This assay depends on the inhibition of ABTS by antioxidants in the sample. ® (2,2'-Aza-di-3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonate) is oxidized to ABTS by methemoglobin. ®The antioxidant capacity of living organisms includes enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; macromolecules such as albumin, ceruloplasmin, and ferritin; and a range of small molecules including ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, reduced glutathione, uric acid, and bilirubin. The sum of endogenous and dietary antioxidants represents the total antioxidant activity of the extracellular fluid. The synergistic effect of all the different antioxidants provides stronger protection against reactive oxygen species or nitrogen free radical attacks than any single compound acting alone. Therefore, total antioxidant capacity provides more relevant biological information than information obtained by measuring individual components, as it takes into account the cumulative effect of all antioxidants present in plasma and body fluids. Antioxidants in a sample prevent ABTS. ® The antioxidant capacity was compared to that of the water-soluble tocopherol analog Trolox and quantified as a molar equivalent of Trolox. The total antioxidant capacity of any active ingredient, combination of ingredients, or composition having said combinations disclosed in this specification can be measured using the Antioxidant Capacitance Kit #709001 from CAYMAN CHEMICAL (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA) as an in vitro bioassay. The protocol can be performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

[0189] ORAC Assay: The oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) of any active ingredient, combination of ingredients, or composition having said combination disclosed in the specification can also be determined by measuring the antioxidant activity of these ingredients or compositions. Antioxidant activity represents the ability to reduce oxidants (oxidants). This assay quantifies the extent and duration required to inhibit the action of oxidants, such as oxygen radicals, which are known to cause damage to cells, for example, skin cells. The ORAC value of any active ingredient, combination of ingredients, or composition having said combination disclosed in the specification can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art (see U.S. Publications 2004 / 0109905 and 2005 / 0163880; and commercially available kits, such as the Zen-Bio ORAC Antioxidant Assay Kit (#AOX-2)). The Zen-Bio ORAC Antioxidant Assay Kit measures the loss of luciferin fluorescence over time due to peroxy radicals generated from the decomposition of AAPH (2,2'-azobis-2-methylpropanediamine dihydrochloride). The water-soluble vitamin E analog Trolox, used as a positive control, inhibited fluorescein decay in a dose-dependent manner.

[0190] Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) activity assay: MMPs are extracellular proteases that function in many normal and disease states due to their broad substrate specificity. MMP-1 substrates include type IV collagen. The Enz / Chek gelatinase / collagenase assay kit (#E12055) can be used to detect MMP-1 protease activity, utilizing a fluorescent gelatin substrate and the proteolytic cleavage of the substrate by purified MMP-1 enzyme. After proteolytic cleavage, the substrate exhibits bright green fluorescence, which can be monitored using a fluorescent microplate reader to measure enzyme activity. Test materials can be incubated with or without purified enzyme and substrate to determine their protease inhibitory capacity.

[0191] Matrix metalloproteinase 3 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP3; MMP9) activity assays: In vitro assays of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition. MMPs are extracellular proteases that function in many normal and disease states due to their broad substrate specificity. MMP3 substrates include collagen, fibronectin, and laminin; while MMP9 substrates include type VII collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. Using the Colorimetric Drug Discovery kits for MMP3 (AK-400) and MMP-9 (AK-410) from BioMol International, this assay aims to measure the protease activity of MMPs using a thiopeptide as the chromogenic substrate (Ac-PLG-[2-mercapto-4-methylvaleryl]-LG-OC2H5)5,6. The peptide bonds at the MMP cleavage site are replaced by thioester bonds in the thiopeptide. MMP hydrolyzes this bond to produce a thiol group, which reacts with DTNB [5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), Ellman's reagent] to form 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid, detectable by its absorbance at 412 nm (ε = 13600 M⁻¹cm⁻¹, pH 6.0 and pH > 7). The active ingredients disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinations can be determined.

[0192] Cyclooxygenase (COX) Assay: In vitro inhibition assay of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-1, COX-2). COX is a bifunctional enzyme with both cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities. Cyclooxygenase activity converts arachidonic acid into hydroperoxymonoperoxide (prostaglandin G2; PGG2), and the peroxidase component reduces the peroxidase (prostaglandin H2; PGH2) to the corresponding alcohols, namely prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and precursors of prostaglandins. This COX inhibitor screening assay measures the peroxidase component of cyclooxygenase. Peroxidase activity is determined colorimetrically by monitoring the presence of oxidized N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD). This inhibitor screening assay includes both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes to screen for isoenzyme-specific inhibitors. The effect of each active ingredient, any combination of ingredients, or a combination of said combinations disclosed in this specification on the activity of purified cyclooxygenase (COX-1 or COX-2) can be analyzed using a colorimetric COX (sheep) inhibitor screening assay (#760111, CAYMAN CHEMICAL). Following the manufacturer's instructions, the purified enzyme, heme, and test extract can be mixed in assay buffer and incubated with shaking at room temperature for 15 minutes. After incubation, arachidonic acid and the colorimetric substrate are added to initiate the reaction. Colorimetric development is assessed by a microplate reader reading at 590 nm. The percentage of COX-1 or COX-2 activity inhibition can be calculated and compared to an untreated control to determine the ability of the test extract to inhibit the activity of the purified enzyme.

[0193] Lipoxygenase (LO) Assay: An in vitro assay for lipoxygenase (LO) inhibition. LO is a non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase that catalyzes the addition of molecular oxygen to fatty acids. Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are the main substrates of LO in plants and animals. Arachidonic acid can subsequently be converted to hydroxyeicosatetrienoic acid (HETE) derivatives, which are then converted to leukotrienes, potent inflammatory mediators. This assay provides an accurate and convenient method for screening lipoxygenase inhibitors by measuring the hydroperoxides produced when lipoxygenase (5-LO, 12-LO, or 15-LO) is incubated with arachidonic acid. The ability of each active ingredient, any combination of ingredients, or a combination of said combinations to inhibit enzyme activity can be determined using a colorimetric LO inhibitor screening kit (#760700, CAYMAN CHEMICAL). The purified 15-lipoxygenase and the test ingredient are mixed in assay buffer and incubated with shaking at room temperature for 10 minutes. After incubation, arachidonic acid was added to initiate the reaction, and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for another 10 minutes. A colorimetric substrate was added to terminate the catalysis, and color development was assessed by fluorescence plate readings at 490 nm. The percentage inhibition of lipoxygenase activity could be calculated compared to an untreated control to determine the ability of each active ingredient, any combination of ingredients, or composition having said combinations to inhibit the activity of the purified enzyme.

[0194] Lysyl oxidase assay: A lysyl oxidase assay can be performed on skin cells (e.g., epidermal keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and / or dermal endothelial cells) to determine the ability of any of the active ingredients, combinations of ingredients, or compositions having said combinations disclosed in this specification to stimulate the expression of lysyl oxidase in the skin. Lysyl oxidase can catalyze the cross-linking of elastin and collagen, thereby providing a more structurally rigid matrix for the skin. By increasing the expression of lysyl oxidase, the cross-linking of elastin and collagen can be increased, which is beneficial in reducing the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, sagging skin, and / or inelastic skin.

[0195] Elastase Assay: The ENZCHEK® Elastase Assay (Kit #E-12056) from MOLECULAR PROBES (Eugene, Oregon USA) can be used as an in vitro enzyme inhibition assay to measure the inhibition of elastase activity by each active ingredient, any combination of ingredients, or composition having said combinations disclosed in this specification. The ENZCHEK kit contains soluble bovine cervical ligament elastin, which can be labeled with a dye so that the fluorescence of the conjugate can be quenched. Non-fluorescent substrates can be digested by elastase or other proteases to produce highly fluorescent fragments. The resulting increase in fluorescence can be monitored using a fluorescence microplate reader. The digestion product from the elastin substrate has a maximum absorption at approximately 505 nm and a maximum fluorescence emission at approximately 515 nm. When using the ENZCHEK Elastase Assay Kit to screen for elastase inhibitors, the peptide N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-methylchlorophenone can be used as a selective collective inhibitor of elastase.

[0196] Mushroom Tyrosinase Activity Assay: In mammalian cells, tyrosinase catalyzes two steps in the multi-step biosynthesis of melanin from tyrosine (and the polymerization of dopachrome). Tyrosinase is located in melanocytes and produces melanin (aromatic quinone compounds) that gives color to skin, hair, and eyes. Purified mushroom tyrosinase (from SIGMA) can be incubated with its substrate L-Dopa (from FISHER) in the presence or absence of each active ingredient disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combinations. Pigmentation is assessed by taking a microplate reader reading at 490 nm. The percentage of inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity can be calculated and compared to an untreated control to determine the ability of the test ingredient or its combination to inhibit the activity of the purified enzyme. The inhibition of the test extract is compared with kojic acid (SIGMA).

[0197] B16 Pigmentation Assay: Melanogenesis is the process by which melanocytes produce melanin, a naturally occurring pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes color. Inhibiting melanogenesis helps prevent skin darkening and reduce age-related dark spots. This bioassay uses the immortalized mouse melanoma cell line B16-F1 melanocytes (ATCC) to analyze the effect of compounds on melanogenesis. The endpoint of this assay is a spectrophotometric measurement of melanogenesis and cell viability. B16-F1 melanocytes can be cultured at 37°C and 10% CO2 in standard DMEM growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (MEDIATECH) and then treated for 6 days with any of the active ingredients, combinations of ingredients, or compositions having said combinations disclosed in this specification. After incubation, melanin secretion is measured by absorbance at 405 nm, and cell viability is quantified.

[0198] MELANODERM TM Assay: In other non-limiting respects, the efficacy of each active ingredient disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combination can be evaluated by using a dermal analogue, such as MELANODERM. TM Melanocytes are cells in skin analogues that stain positively when exposed to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), a precursor to melanin. Skin analogue MELANODERM TM Various matrices containing each of the active ingredients disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinations can be used, or the matrix alone can be used as a control. Alternatively, an untreated skin analog sample can be used as a control.

[0199] Ceramide production: Ceramide in cell or tissue samples can be incubated at room temperature with a 1 / 50 dilution of mouse monoclonal antibody against ceramide (ENZO LIFE SCIENCE, refer to ALX-804-196 clone MID15B4) for 2 hours, followed by labeling with a biotin / streptavidin magnification system. Ceramide can then be observed using a video microscope (pink staining).

[0200] Polyfilament production: Changes in polyfilament production in keratinocytes can be measured due to each active ingredient disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinations. Polyfilament is a precursor to natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in the skin. Increased NMF increases skin hydration. Polyfilament production in treated and untreated keratinocytes can be determined using bioassays analyzing polyfilament concentrations in keratinocyte lysates. A limiting example of a bioassay that can be used to quantify polyfilament production is PROTEINSIMPLE. ® SIMON TM Western blotting protocol. For each sample, normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were blotted in EPI-200-MATTEK EPILIFE containing calcium from Life Technologies (M-EP-500-CA). ®NHEK was grown in growth medium. Prior to treatment, NHEK was pre-incubated overnight in growth medium at 37°C and 5% CO2. NHEK was then incubated for 24 to 36 hours in growth medium with 1% test compound / extract or without the compound / extract (negative control). The NHEK was then washed, collected, and stored on ice or colder until lysed on ice using lysis buffer and sonication. The protein concentration of the sample can be determined and used for sample standardization. The lysate can be stored at -80°C until used for quantification.

[0201] PROTEINSIMPLE ® SIMON TM Western blot bioassay employs quantitative Western blot immunoassay, a technique that uses an antibody specific to fimbriaein to quantitatively detect fimbriaein in a test sample. Cell samples are lysed and protein concentrations are normalized. The normalized sample and molecular weight standards are then loaded and run on a denaturing protein separation gel using capillary electrophoresis. The proteins in the gel are immobilized and detected using an immunoprobe with a fimbriaein-specific primary antibody. The immobilized proteins are then immunoprobetated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody that binds to the primary antibody. A chemiluminescent substrate solution is then added to the immobilized proteins to allow chemiluminescence development to be proportional to the amount of fimbriaein bound in the immobilization. Chemiluminescence development is stopped at specific times, and the intensity of the chemiluminescent signal can be measured and compared with positive and negative controls.

[0202] Production of Closure Proteins: Changes in the production of closure proteins in keratinocytes due to each active ingredient disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or compositions having said combinations can be measured. Closure proteins are proteins essential for the formation of tight junctions and the skin's moisture barrier function. A non-limiting example of how to determine the production of closure proteins in treated and untreated keratinocytes is by using a bioassay analyzing the concentration of closure proteins in keratinocyte lysates. This bioassay can be performed using PROTEINSIMPLE. ® SIMON TM Western blotting was performed. For the samples, adult epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) from Life Technologies (C-005-5C) could be blotted using EPILIFE. TM EPILIFE was grown in the growth medium at 37°C in 5% CO2 for 24 hours. TMThe growth medium was supplemented with calcium from Life Technologies (M-EP-500-CA) and keratinocyte growth supplement (HKGS) from Life Technologies (S-101-5). HEKa samples were then incubated for 24 to 48 hours in growth medium containing the test compound / extract, with no compound / extract as a negative control, or with 1 mM CaCl2 as a positive control. HEKa samples were then washed, collected, and stored on ice or colder until lysed on ice using lysis buffer and sonication. Protein concentrations in the samples can be determined and used for sample standardization. Lysates were stored at -80°C until used for bioassays.

[0203] PROTEINSIMPLE ® SIMON TM Western blot bioassay employs quantitative Western blot immunoassay, using specific antibodies against closure proteins to quantitatively detect closure proteins in test samples. Cell samples are lysed and protein concentrations are normalized. The normalized sample and molecular weight standards are then loaded and run on a denaturing protein separation gel using capillary electrophoresis. The proteins in the gel are then immobilized and detected using an immunoprobe with a primary antibody against the closure protein. The immobilized protein is then detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody bound to the primary antibody. A chemiluminescent substrate solution is then added to the immobilized protein to allow chemiluminescence development to be proportional to the amount of closure protein bound in the immobilization. Chemiluminescence development can be stopped at specific times, and the intensity of the chemiluminescent signal can be measured and compared with positive and negative controls.

[0204] Hyaluronic acid production: Changes in hyaluronic acid production in human dermal fibroblasts can be measured due to each active ingredient disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combinations. HA is a polysaccharide involved in the stability of the matrix structure and providing turgor pressure for tissues and cells.

[0205] As a non-limiting example, the Hyaluronan DuoSet ELISA kit from R&D Systems (DY3614) can be used to determine HA production in treated and untreated adult dermal fibroblasts (HDFa). In this assay, for sample preparation, sub-confluenced HDFa cells from Cascade Biologics (C-13-5C) were cultured for 72 hours at 37°C and 10% CO2 in starvation medium (Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 0.15% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution). The cells were then incubated for 24 hours with either the test compound, a positive control (phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetic acid (P1585) from SIGMA-ALDRICH and platelet-derived growth factor (P3201) from SIGMA-ALDRICH) or unadded fresh starvation medium. The medium was then collected and frozen at -80°C until used for the ELISA assay.

[0206] In short, the ELISA assay employs a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique, whereby a capture antibody specific for HA is pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and culture medium from treated and untreated cells are pipetted into the wells of the microplate to allow any present HA to bind to the immobilized antibody. After washing away any unbound material, an enzyme-linked antibody specifically targeting HA is added to the wells. After washing to remove any unbound antibody-enzyme reagent, substrate solution is added to the wells to allow color development to be proportional to the amount of HA bound in the initial step. Color development is stopped at a specific time, and the color intensity is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader.

[0207] As another non-limiting example, human skin explants can be cultured in a viable explant medium at 37°C under a humidified atmosphere supplemented with 5% CO2. Explants were treated by topical application of the sample product (n=3) on days 0, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9. Control explants (n=3) received no treatment except for replacement of the viable explant medium. Half the volume of viable medium was replaced on days 3, 6, and 8. On day 9, three explants from each condition were harvested and cut in half. One half of the explants was fixed in buffered formalin, and the other half was frozen at -80°C.

[0208] After fixing in plain Bouin for 48 hours and in formalin for 24 hours, the samples can be dried and impregnated with paraffin using a Leica TP1020 automated tissue processor. 5-micron thick sections can be prepared using a microtome (Leica RM2125 Minotaur) and mounted on SUPERFROST. TMOn histological slides. Microscopic observation can be performed using an optical microscope with a LEICA ORTHOPLAN microscope or a LEICA DM LB microscope. Images can be taken with an OLYMPUS DP72 camera and CELL^D software. General morphology can be examined on paraffin sections stained with Masson's trichrome Goldner variant. Hyaluronic acid staining can be performed by incubating at room temperature with 1 / 100 diluted anti-hyaluronic acid biotinylated protein (HABP) (SEIKAGAKU, catalog number 400763-1A) and a magnification system biotin / streptavidin (VECTOR, VECTASTAIN PK-7200) for 1 hour.

[0209] Hyaluronidase activity inhibition: Changes in hyaluronidase activity caused by each active ingredient disclosed in the specification, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combinations can be measured. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that degrades HA. HA is a polysaccharide involved in matrix structure stabilization and providing turgor pressure to tissues and cells. As a non-limiting example, hyaluronidase activity can be determined using an in vitro protocol based on a modification of SIGMA-ALDRICH protocol #EC 3.2.1.35. Briefly, 1-S type hyaluronidase from SIGMA-ALDRICH (H3506) is added to microplate reaction wells containing the test compound or control. Tannins can be used as a positive control inhibitor, the control enzyme is not added to the test compound, and wells containing the test compound or positive control but not hyaluronidase can be used as background negative controls. The wells are incubated at 37°C for 10 minutes before adding the substrate (HA). The substrate is added and the reaction is incubated at 37°C for 45 minutes. A portion of each reaction solution was then transferred to a sodium acetate and acetic acid solution at pH 3.75 and gently mixed to terminate that portion of the reaction (terminus well). After adding a portion of the reaction solution to the terminus well, both the terminus well and the reaction well should contain the same volume of solution. Both the reaction well and the terminus well were incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. The absorbance of the reaction well and the terminus well at 600 nm was then measured. The inhibition rate can be calculated using the following formulas: Inhibitor (or control) activity = (Absorbance of inhibitor terminus well at 600 nm – Absorbance of inhibitor reaction well at 600 nm); Initial activity = Absorbance of control enzyme at 600 nm; Inhibition percentage = [(Initial activity / Inhibitor activity) * 100] - 100.

[0210] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) activity: Changes in PPAR-γ activity caused by each active ingredient disclosed in the specification, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combinations can be measured. PPAR-γ is a receptor essential for sebum production. As a non-limiting example, PPAR-γ activity can be determined using a bioassay that analyzes the ability of a compound or composition to inhibit ligand binding. Briefly, the fluorescent small molecule pan-PPAR ligand FLUORMONE from Life Technologies (PV4894) can be used. TM Pan-PPAR Green determines whether a test compound or composition can inhibit the binding of the ligand to PPAR-γ. The sample wells contain PPAR-γ and the fluorescent ligand, as well as: the test compound or composition (test); the reference inhibitor rosiglitazone (positive control); or no test compound (negative control). The wells are incubated for a set time to allow the ligand to bind to PPAR-γ. The fluorescence polarization of each sample well is then measured and compared to the negative control wells to determine the percentage of inhibition by the test compound or composition.

[0211] Cytokine array: Human epidermal keratinocytes were cultured to 70%–80% confluence. The culture medium was aspirated from the plate and 0.025% trypsin / EDTA was added. When the cells became rounded, the culture dish was gently tapped to release the cells. The trypsin / EDTA containing the cells was removed from the culture dish and neutralized. The cells were centrifuged at 180 × g for 5 minutes to form a cell pellet. The supernatant was aspirated. The resulting pellet was resuspended in EPILIFE. TM In Cascade Biologics culture medium, seed cells at approximately 10% to 20% confluence in 6-well plates. When cells reach approximately 80% confluence, aspirate the culture medium and add 1.0 ml of EPILIFE. TM Phorbolol 13-myristate 12-acetic acid (“PMA”) (a known inflammatory inducer) and test composition diluent were added to two replicate wells (e.g., diluting 1.0% (100 μl of 100X stock solution) and 0.1% (10 μl of 100X stock solution) of the test composition to a final volume of 1 ml of EPILIFE. TM (In growth medium). Gently vortex the medium to ensure thorough mixing. Additionally, add 1.0 ml of EPILIFE to the control wells. TM With or without additional PMA. After administration, incubate the plates at 37±1℃ and 5.0±1% CO2 for approximately 5 hours. After 5 hours of incubation, collect all culture medium into conical tubes and freeze at -70℃.

[0212] For analysis, 16-pad hybridization chambers were attached to 16-well FAST slides containing 16 anti-cytokine antibodies and experimental controls (WHATMAN BIOSCIENCES) in triple replicates, and the slides were placed in FASTFrames (4 slides per frame) for processing. The arrays were blocked at room temperature for 15 minutes with 70 ml of S&S protein array blocking buffer (WHATMANSCHLEICHER AND SCHEULL). The blocking buffer was removed, and 70 ml of the supernatant was added to each array. The arrays were incubated with gentle agitation at room temperature for 3 hours. The arrays were washed three times with TBST. The arrays were then treated with 70 ml of an antibody mixture containing biotinylated antibodies corresponding to the capture antibodies at each spot. The arrays were incubated with gentle agitation at room temperature for 1 hour. The arrays were washed three times with TBST. The arrays were then incubated with 70 ml of a solution containing streptavidin-Cy5 conjugates with gentle agitation at room temperature for 1 hour. The arrays were washed three times with TBST, quickly rinsed with deionized water, and dried.

[0213] Slides can be imaged using the PERKIN-ELMER SCANARRAY 4000 confocal fluorescence imaging system. Array images can be saved and analyzed using the IMAGING RESEARCH ARRAYVISION software. In short, spot intensity is determined by subtracting the background signal. The spots can be averaged repeatedly under each sample condition and then compared with appropriate controls.

[0214] Endothelial tube formation: Endothelial tube formation involves angiogenesis and microvascular capillary formation. Capillary formation and angiogenesis can lead to skin redness and rosacea. In the presence or absence of test extracts and compounds, the ability of endothelial cells to form tubes can be determined using a capillary disruption assay, which uses human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) pre-formed in a cell culture system.

[0215] In short, HUVECs are cultured in vitro on an extracellular matrix, which stimulates endothelial cell attachment and tubular morphogenesis, forming capillary-like luminal structures. These in vitro-formed capillaries resemble human vascular capillaries in many ways. Capillary tube assays are based on this phenomenon and are used to evaluate potential vascular targets.

[0216] HUVEC cultures were grown in a cell culture incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2. The complete growth medium for HUVECs was endothelial cell basal medium (EBM) supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 12 μg / ml bovine brain extract, 1 μg / ml hydrocortisone, and 1 μg / ml GA-1000 (gentamicin-amphotericidal). HUVEC cultures from passage 3 to passage 8 were used for all assays.

[0217] HUVECs were pre-labeled with the fluorescent agent calcein AM and seeded in 96-well culture plates coated with extracellular matrix containing complete growth medium. After approximately four hours of morphogenesis, endothelial capillaries should form. Then, a 50 µl volume of the designed test reagent was applied to the formed capillary culture as a treatment. An untreated control could be prepared by adding a carrier of the test reagent. The FDA-approved anti-angiogenic drug SUTENT was used. ® The concentration of the sample can be used as a performance control for the assay. Approximately six hours after treatment, the morphology of the endothelial tubules in each well is examined under a microscope, imaged, and the capillary destructive activity under the treatment conditions can be quantitatively analyzed. Each test condition, including the control, can be performed in duplicate wells.

[0218] Keratinocyte monolayer permeability: Changes in keratinocyte monolayer permeability caused by each active ingredient disclosed in the product information, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combinations can be measured. Keratinocyte monolayer permeability is a measure of skin barrier integrity. As a non-limiting example, the keratinocyte monolayer permeability of treated and untreated keratinocytes can be determined using the in vitro vascular permeability assay of MILLIPORE (ECM642). This assay analyzes the adsorption, transport, and permeability of endothelial cells. Briefly, adult epidermal keratinocytes from Life Technologies (C-005-5C) can be seeded onto a porous collagen-coated membrane within collection wells. The keratinocytes are then subjected to EPILIFE... TM The culture medium was incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 for 24 hours, containing EPILIFE. TMThe growth medium was supplemented with calcium from LIFE TECHNOLOGIES (M-EP-500-CA) and keratinocyte growth supplement (HKGS) from LIFE TECHNOLOGIES (S-101-5). This culture time allowed cells to form a monolayer and block the membrane pores. The medium was then replaced with fresh medium containing (test sample) or without (untreated control) the compound / extract, and the keratinocytes were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for another 48 hours. To determine the permeability of the keratinocyte monolayer after incubation with / without the test compound / extract, the medium was replaced with fresh medium containing high molecular weight fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-glucan, and the keratinocytes were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 4 hours. During the 4-hour incubation, FITC could pass through the keratinocyte monolayer and porous membrane into the collection wells at a rate proportional to the monolayer permeability. After 4 hours of incubation, cell viability and the FITC content in the collection wells were measured. For FITC content, the culture medium in the collection wells was collected, and its fluorescence at 480 nm (Em) was measured upon excitation at 520 nm. The percentage permeability and percentage change relative to the untreated control can be calculated using the following formulas: Percentage permeability = (Average Ex / Em of test sample) / (Average Ex / Em of untreated control) * 100; Percentage change = Permeability percentage of test sample – Permeability percentage of untreated control.

[0219] Oil control assay: The reduction in sebum secretion and / or sebum production can be measured using standard techniques known to those skilled in the art. In one case, the forehead can be used. Each active ingredient disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combinations can be applied once or twice daily to a portion of the forehead for a set number of days (e.g., 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, or more than 14 days), while another portion of the forehead is left untreated with the composition. After the set number of days, sebum secretion can be measured by applying fine blotting paper to the treated and untreated forehead skin. First, all sebum in the treated and untreated areas is removed with a damp and dry cloth. Then, blotting paper is applied to the treated and untreated areas of the forehead, and an elastic band can be placed around the forehead to gently press the blotting paper onto the skin. After 2 hours, the blotting paper is removed, allowed to dry, and then transilluminated. Darker blotting paper is associated with more sebum secretion, while lighter blotting paper is associated with less sebum secretion.

[0220] Erythema Measurement: The reduction in skin redness can be assessed using a MINOLTA colorimeter. Skin erythema can be induced by applying a 0.2% sodium lauryl sulfate solution to the subject's forearm. The area is protected with a occlusive patch for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the patch is removed, and the irritation-induced redness can be assessed using the a* value of the MINOLTA colorimeter. The a* value measures the change in skin color in the red area. Immediately after taking the reading, the area is treated with the active ingredient disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combination. Measurements can be repeated periodically to determine the formulation's ability to reduce redness and irritation.

[0221] Skin Moisture / Hydration Measurement: The benefits of skin moisture / hydration can be assessed using impedance measurements with the Nova DermalPhase Meter. The impedance meter measures changes in skin moisture content. The outer layer of skin has unique electrical properties. When skin is dry, its conductivity is very poor. As hydration increases, conductivity increases. Therefore, changes in skin hydration can be assessed by changes in skin impedance (which is related to conductivity). The instrument can be calibrated on each test day according to the instrument instructions. Ambient temperature and relative humidity should also be recorded. Subjects can be evaluated by equilibrating in a room with constant humidity (e.g., 30% to 50%) and constant temperature (e.g., 68°C to 72°C) before measurement. Three independent impedance readings are taken on each side of the face, and the average is taken. The impedance meter can be used with a T5 setting, which averages the impedance values ​​applied to the face every five seconds. Statistical variance and significance of the results must be reported. Each active ingredient disclosed in the product information, any combination of ingredients, or a composition containing said combinations can be measured using this method.

[0222] Determination of skin translucency and reduction of freckles and age spots: Skin translucency and reduction of freckles and age spots can be assessed using a Minolta colorimeter. Changes in skin color can be assessed to determine potential irritation due to product processing, using the a* value of the Minolta colorimeter. The a* value measures changes in skin color in red areas. This is used to determine whether each active ingredient disclosed in this specification, any combination of ingredients, or a composition having said combinations causes irritation. Measurements can be taken on each side of the face and averaged as values ​​for the left and right sides of the face. Skin translucency can also be measured using a Minolta meter. This measurement is a combination of the a*, b, and L values ​​of the Minolta meter, correlated with skin brightness, and closely related to skin smoothness and hydration. Skin readings are as described above. In a non-limiting aspect, skin translucency can be described as L / C, where C is chromaticity and is defined as (a... 2 +b 2 ) 1 / 2 .

[0223] Skin dryness, fine lines, skin smoothness, and skin color assessment: Skin dryness, fine lines, skin smoothness, and skin color can be assessed using clinical grading techniques. For example, the clinical grading of skin dryness can be achieved using the five-point Kligman scale: (0) Skin is soft and moist; (1) Skin appears normal with no visible dryness; (2) Skin feels slightly dry with no visible scaling; (3) Skin feels dry, rough, and white with scales; (4) Skin feels extremely dry, rough, and white with obvious scales. The assessment was performed independently by two clinicians, and the average value was taken.

[0224] Clinical grading of skin color: Clinical grading of skin color can be performed using a 10-point analog scale: (10) Skin color is uniform and pinkish-brown. When examined with a magnifying glass, there are no dark spots, erythema, or scaly patches. The microtexture is extremely uniform to the touch. (7) Skin color is uniform to the naked eye. There are no scaly areas but there are slight pigmentation or erythematous discoloration. All discoloration is no more than 1 cm in diameter. (4) Skin color is easily noticeable and the texture is rough. There are slight scales. The texture of the local area is rough to the touch. (1) Skin color and texture are significantly uneven. There are multiple areas of scale and discoloration, including hypopigmentation, erythema, or dark spots. There are large areas of uneven skin color with a diameter of more than 1 cm. The assessment was completed independently by two clinicians and the average value was taken.

[0225] Clinical grading of skin smoothness: Clinical grading of skin smoothness can be performed using a 10-point analog scale: (10) Smooth, moist and shiny, with no resistance when the finger is rubbed across the surface; (7) Relatively smooth with slight resistance; (4) Rough with obvious abnormalities, with a feeling of resistance when rubbed; (1) Rough, scaly, and uneven surface. The assessment was completed independently by two clinicians and the average value was taken.

[0226] Skin smoothness and wrinkle reduction were measured using the method published by Packman et al. (1978):

[0227] Skin smoothness and wrinkle improvement can also be visually assessed using the method described by Packman et al. (1978). For example, at each subject visit, the depth, shallowness, and total number of superficial facial lines (SFLs) for each subject are recorded in detail. Numerical scores are obtained by multiplying the quantity factor by the depth / width / length factor. Scores for the periorbital region and the periorbital region (left and right sides) are calculated separately and then summed to obtain the total wrinkle score.

[0228] Skin firmness can be measured using the Hargens elastography device. This device assesses skin elasticity and firmness by dropping a small object onto the skin and recording its first two rebound peaks. Ballistometry uses a small, lightweight probe with a relatively blunt tip (4 square millimeters of contact area). The probe penetrates slightly into the skin and produces measurements that depend on the properties of the outer layers of skin, including the stratum corneum and epidermis, as well as a portion of the dermis.

[0229] Skin softness / flexibility measurement using a Gas Bearing Electrodynamometer: Skin softness / flexibility can be assessed using a Gas Bearing Electrodynamometer, an instrument for measuring the stress / strain properties of the skin. The viscoelastic properties of the skin are related to skin hydration. Measurements are obtained at predetermined locations on the cheek area by attaching the probe to the skin surface with double-sided tape. A force of approximately 3.5 gm parallel to the skin surface can be applied, and skin displacement can be accurately measured. Skin flexibility can then be calculated and expressed as DSR (Dynamic Spring Rate, in gm / mm).

[0230] Wrinkle and line appearance measurement using replicas: Replicas, which are impressions of the skin surface, can be used to assess the appearance of lines and wrinkles on the skin. Silicone rubber-based materials can be used. Replicas can be analyzed through image analysis. By acquiring silicone replicas from a subject's face and analyzing the replica images using a computer image analysis system, changes in the visibility of lines and wrinkles can be objectively quantified. Replicas can be acquired from the eye and neck areas and photographed using a digital camera under low-angle incident light. Image processing programs can be used to analyze the digital images and determine the area of ​​the replica covered by wrinkles or fine lines.

[0231] Skin surface contour measurement using a profilometer / stylus method: The surface contour of the skin can be measured using a profilometer / stylus method. This involves shining light onto the surface of a replica or dragging a stylus across the surface of the replica. The vertical displacement of the stylus is input into a computer via a distance sensor, and after scanning a replica of a fixed length, a cross-sectional analysis of the skin contour can be generated as a two-dimensional curve. This scan can be repeated any number of times along a fixed axis to generate a simulated 3D image of the skin. Ten random portions of the replica using the stylus technique can be obtained and combined to generate an average value. Values ​​of interest include Ra, which is the arithmetic mean of all roughness (height) values, calculated by integrating relative to the average contour height. Rt is the maximum vertical distance between the highest and lowest peaks, and Rz is the average peak amplitude minus the average peak height. These values ​​are calibration values ​​in mm. The device should be normalized by scanning a metal standard with known values ​​before each use. The Ra value can be calculated using the following equation: Ra =Standardized roughness; lm = Lateral (scan) length; y = Absolute value of profile position relative to average profile height (x-axis).

[0232] * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

[0233] Based on this disclosure, all compositions and / or methods disclosed and claimed herein can be manufactured and performed without excessive experimentation. While the compositions and methods of this disclosure have been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes can be made to the compositions and / or methods described herein, as well as the steps or sequences of steps of the methods, without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain chemically and physiologically relevant agents can be substituted for the agents described herein while achieving the same or similar results. All such similar substitutions and modifications that are apparent to those skilled in the art are considered to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sunscreen composition comprising avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and aluminum starch octenyl succinate.

2. The sunscreen composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition does not contain homosalate.

3. The sunscreen composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises one or more additional organic UV filters.

4. The sunscreen composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition does not contain a water-soluble UV filter.

5. The sunscreen composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises: 2% to 5% by weight of avobenzone; Octocrylene at 8% to 11% by weight; 2% to 5% by weight of octyl salicylate; and / or 0.01% to 5% by weight of aluminum starch octenyl succinate.

6. The sunscreen composition according to claim 1, further comprising: water; Antioxidants; Emulsifier; Surfactants; Film-forming agent; Chelating agents; Moisturizer; Preservatives; and / or Thickener.

7. The sunscreen composition according to claim 1, further comprising octyl polymethylsiloxane, cetearyl alcohol polyether-25, disodium disodium cocoyl ethylenediamine PEG-15 disulfide (surfactant), PVP / eicosene copolymer, glyceryl stearate, beeswax, glycerin, disodium EDTA, p-hydroxyacetophenone, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / VP copolymer, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, polydimethylsiloxane and / or silica.

8. The sunscreen composition according to claim 7, further comprising niacinamide, encapsulated resveratrol, oligopeptide-1 and / or prickly pear fruit extract.

9. The sunscreen composition according to claim 8, further comprising cetearyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, caprylyl glycol, isohexyl glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, decanediol, *Cestrum nocturnum* leaf extract, calcium ketogluconate, tripeptide-1, *Centella asiatica* meristem extract, milk thistle extract, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, sodium PCA, cardamom leaf extract, and / or snow lotus extract.

10. The sunscreen composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a sun protection factor (SPF) of 20 to 50.

11. A method for protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation, the method comprising applying to the skin topically a composition comprising effective amounts of avobenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, and aluminum starch octenyl succinate.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the composition does not contain homosalate.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition does not contain a water-soluble UV filter.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition comprises: 2% to 5% by weight of avobenzone; Octocrylene at 8% to 11% by weight; 2% to 5% by weight of octyl salicylate; and / or 0.1% to 3% by weight of aluminum starch octenyl succinate.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the skin is susceptible to sunburn and / or hypermelanin production after sun exposure, and / or the application of the composition reduces the risk of sunburn and / or hypermelanin production after sun exposure.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the skin is not sunburned.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the skin is treated to reduce or prevent melanin production in the skin.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the skin is treated to reduce or prevent sunburn.

19. The method of claim 11, wherein the oiliness of the skin surface does not increase significantly after application of the composition.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition is combined with one or more other skin care compositions prior to application to the skin.

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