Forging equipment and method for metal forgings

Abstract

The forging equipment comprises a core rod, a sliding support, a pushing mechanism and an abutting positioning mechanism, a cylindrical groove is coaxially formed in one end of the core rod, the sliding support comprises two sets of sliding rails, two sets of frame bodies and a locking piece, the two sets of sliding rails are arranged in parallel, the two sets of frame bodies are arranged in parallel, and the locking piece is arranged in the cylindrical groove. The bottoms of the frame bodies are correspondingly connected with the sliding rails in a sliding mode, the height of the frame bodies is adjustable, and the locking pieces are connected between the sliding rails and the frame bodies. The pushing mechanism is connected between the two groups of frame bodies, and the pushing mechanism is provided with a telescopic moving end; the abutting positioning mechanism is connected to the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism and comprises two disc-mounted pieces, a plurality of clamping jaws and a synchronous telescopic assembly. According to the core rod, an existing core rod is improved, the cylindrical groove is coaxially formed in one end of the core rod, the abutting positioning mechanism matched with the cylindrical groove is arranged at the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism, and the abutting positioning mechanism is used for guiding the telescopic moving end to apply thrust with the stable force application direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forging technology, specifically to a forging equipment and method for metal forgings. Background Technology

[0002] Long hollow shafts, as lightweight and high-strength core transmission components, are widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace and heavy equipment. For example, the low-pressure turbine shaft of an aero-engine needs to adopt a hollow shaft structure with a length of at least 5 meters to achieve weight reduction, energy saving, improved transmission efficiency, and operational stability. These long hollow shafts are typically characterized by a large length-to-diameter ratio, thin wall thickness, and high dimensional accuracy requirements. Their manufacturing process directly determines the mechanical properties and service reliability of the product.

[0003] Currently, radial forging is the most common forming process for long hollow shafts. This process uses multiple sets of hammers to radially impact the blank at high frequency, achieving plastic deformation and densification of the metal. Compared with traditional cutting processes, it has advantages such as high material utilization, complete metal flow lines, and high product strength. During radial forging, a manipulator arm holds a mandrel and inserts it into the inner hole of the hollow shaft blank as an internal support structure. Its core functions are threefold: first, to ensure the coaxiality of the hollow shaft under high-frequency impact and prevent the blank from becoming eccentric or out of round; second, to restrict the radial flow of metal and precisely control the uniformity of the hollow shaft's wall thickness; and third, to adapt to the forging requirements of different sections of the long hollow shaft through the adjustment of the manipulator arm's posture and feed motion, achieving integrated forming of complex structures such as variable diameter and variable wall thickness.

[0004] After forging, the process of extracting the mandrel from the long hollow shaft using the unidirectional traction force provided by the manipulator arm presents the following challenges: During forging, the hollow shaft billet reaches temperatures of 1000℃~1200℃, causing the mandrel to expand synchronously due to the high temperature, significantly reducing the gap between it and the inner hole of the hollow shaft. After forging, the hollow shaft and mandrel cool simultaneously. Since the material shrinkage rate of the hollow shaft is significantly higher than that of the mandrel, and the contact length of the long hollow shaft can reach several meters, the inner wall of the hollow shaft generates a huge circumferential clamping force on the mandrel, with a total clamping force reaching tens of tons. The manipulator arm's single traction force acts on only one end of the mandrel. When overcoming the huge frictional resistance, uneven force can easily cause the mandrel and the workpiece's inner hole to become misaligned or stuck, making it difficult to extract the mandrel. Secondly, for long and heavy mandrels and workpieces, the required traction force is extremely large, which may exceed the rated load of the manipulator arm, posing a risk of equipment overload.

[0005] To assist in extracting the mandrel from the hollow shaft, some existing technologies employ a pusher structure with a telescopic moving end to apply a thrust at the end of the mandrel furthest from the manipulator arm. However, such pusher structures mostly rely solely on the contact between the telescopic moving end and the end face of the mandrel for pushing. This places high demands on the straightness of the telescopic moving end and the perpendicularity of the end face of the mandrel. As the length extending into the hollow shaft increases, it becomes difficult to constrain the relative position and angle between the pusher rod and the mandrel. The pushing force is difficult to ensure transmission along the mandrel axis, easily generating lateral forces. This causes the mandrel to deviate from the inner hole of the hollow shaft, which not only fails to effectively assist in extraction but may also exacerbate jamming or even damage the inner surface of the workpiece. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a forging equipment and method for metal forgings to solve the problem that in the existing core-pulling process of forging long hollow shafts, the pushing structure is difficult to apply a stable pushing force to the mandrel, which leads to the mandrel deflection and thus aggravates jamming.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is: A forging apparatus for metal forgings includes a mandrel, a sliding support, a pushing mechanism, and a contact positioning mechanism. One end of the mandrel has a coaxial cylindrical groove. The sliding support includes a slide rail, a frame, and a locking element. Two sets of slide rails and a frame are provided, with the two sets of slide rails arranged parallel to each other. The bottom of each frame is slidably connected to its corresponding slide rail. The height of the frame is adjustable. The locking element is connected between the slide rail and the frame to lock the moving position of the frame. The pushing mechanism is connected between the two sets of frames and has a telescopic moving end. The contact positioning mechanism is connected to the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism and includes two disc-shaped components. The components are coaxially fixed by connecting rods. The diameter of the disc component is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical groove. One disc component is connected to the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism via a connecting column. Multiple guide slots are symmetrically provided on the sidewalls of the two disc components facing each other. The multiple guide slots are opened around the disc component and are arranged radially. Multiple claws, the same number as the multiple guide slots, are provided. The two ends of each claw are slidably connected to the guide slots opened on the two disc components. A synchronous telescopic assembly is provided. The output end is connected to the multiple claws and is used to drive the multiple claws to synchronously extend and retract along the guide slots to center and clamp the cylindrical groove.

[0008] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the number of guide slots and the number of claws are both three, and the included angle between adjacent guide slots is set at 120°.

[0009] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the shape of the clamping end face of the claw matches the shape of the cylindrical groove, and the clamping end face is provided with a plurality of dividing grooves, which are arranged along the axial direction of the disc assembly.

[0010] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the jacking mechanism includes a drive motor, a lead screw, and a limiting bracket. The drive motor is a center-through lead screw motor, which is mounted and fixed between the two frames. The lead screw passes through and is connected inside the drive motor. The limiting bracket is slidably connected to the slide rail, and the limiting bracket is fixed to one end of the lead screw. The other end of the lead screw is connected to the connecting column. Both the frame and the limiting bracket are telescopic frames.

[0011] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the synchronous telescopic assembly includes an internally threaded sleeve, a screw, an adjusting disc, and an elastic telescopic rod; one end of the internally threaded sleeve is fixed to the connecting column and is coaxially arranged with the disc assembly; one end of the screw is connected to the internally threaded sleeve, and the other end of the screw passes through one of the disc assemblies and is rotatably connected to the center of the other disc assembly; the adjusting disc is located between the two disc assemblies, and the adjusting disc has a threaded hole and a through opening, the threaded hole being located at the center of the adjusting disc, the adjusting disc being threadedly connected to the screw and slidably connected to the connecting rod, the adjusting disc being frustum-shaped, each of the claws having an inclined sidewall facing the adjusting disc and abutting against the conical surface of the adjusting disc, each of the claws having an installation slot at both ends of its bottom, and each installation slot having a vertically arranged first return spring, the two ends of the first return spring being connected to the slot wall facing the installation slot and the guide slot respectively; the elastic telescopic rod is arranged along the axial direction of the disc assembly and is connected between the disc assembly and the connecting column.

[0012] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the elastic telescopic rod includes a sliding rod and a second return spring. A mounting countersunk hole is provided on the end face of the connecting column facing the disc assembly. One end of the second return spring is connected to the mounting countersunk hole. One end of the sliding rod extends into the mounting countersunk hole and is connected to the other end of the second return spring. The other end of the sliding rod is fixed to the disc assembly.

[0013] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the mounting countersunk hole is a stepped hole, and the inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter. The second return spring passes through the inner hole of the mounting countersunk hole, and the slide rod passes through the outer hole.

[0014] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the diameter of the connecting post is smaller than the diameter of the disc assembly and larger than the outer diameter of the lead screw, and the end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the end face of the connecting post.

[0015] This invention also discloses a forging method for metal forgings, which is used for hollow shaft forging operations and is implemented using the aforementioned forging equipment, including the following steps: The position of the hollow shaft is adjusted by clamping the mandrel with the robotic arm of the manipulator, and the hollow shaft is forged by hammering it with a forging hammer. After forging is completed, the forging hammer is pressed down and cooperates with the support seat to form a clamping and limiting position on the outer wall of the hollow shaft; Adjust the horizontal position of the sliding bracket so that the abutment positioning mechanism set on the telescopic moving end of the push mechanism extends into the cylindrical groove. After the end face of the disc-shaped part abuts against the cylindrical groove, the horizontal position of the sliding bracket is locked by the locking member. Adjust the height of the frame so that the center of the disc-shaped component is aligned with the center of the cylindrical groove, and control the synchronous telescopic component to drive multiple claws to extend synchronously along the guide slot to center and clamp the cylindrical groove. The jacking mechanism is activated, and the mandrel is pushed by the disc assembly. Under the clamping and positioning of multiple jaws, the mandrel is pushed along the axial direction. At the same time, the other end of the mandrel is pulled by the mechanical arm of the manipulator. Through the cooperation of the jacking mechanism and the manipulator, the mandrel is pulled out from the hollow shaft.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. An improvement to the previous mandrel is made by coaxially opening a cylindrical groove at one end of the mandrel. A stop and positioning mechanism that cooperates with the cylindrical groove is set on the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism. After the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism extends into the cylindrical groove, the stop and positioning mechanism can synchronously drive multiple claws to extend along the guide slot through the synchronous telescopic component to center and clamp the cylindrical groove, keeping the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism coaxial with the mandrel. Thus, when the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism pushes the mandrel through the disc assembly, the direction of force is guided and positioned so that it is along the axis of the mandrel, avoiding the phenomenon of pushing off course.

[0017] 2. After using multiple jaws to clamp the cylindrical groove, a thrust can be applied to the annular groove wall during the push, so that the mandrel is subjected to more thrust in order to pull out the mandrel. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a forging equipment for metal forgings according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a metal forging from another perspective, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of part A in the diagram.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the abutment positioning mechanism in a forging equipment for metal forgings according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the abutment positioning mechanism in a forging equipment for metal forgings according to an embodiment of the present invention, when clamping the cylindrical groove at the end of the mandrel.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal forging equipment in use according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is combined with Figures 1-6 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0025] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of the invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0026] Example 1 This invention provides a forging device for metal forgings, such as... Figures 1-6 As shown, the forging equipment includes a mandrel 1, two sets of sliding supports, a pushing mechanism, and a contact positioning mechanism.

[0027] Among them, the core rod 1 has been improved compared with the conventional core rod. One end of the core rod 1 has a coaxial cylindrical groove 11. The cylindrical groove 11 can cooperate with the abutment positioning mechanism. During the process of the pushing mechanism pushing the core rod 1 through the telescopic moving end, the telescopic moving end is positioned to ensure that the telescopic moving end can move along the axial direction of the core rod 1 and avoid off-center load.

[0028] The sliding bracket includes a slide rail 21, a frame 22, and a locking element 23. Both the slide rail 21 and the frame 22 are provided in two sets, and the two sets of slide rails 21 are arranged in parallel. The bottom of each frame 22 is slidably connected to each slide rail 21. The height of the frame 22 is adjustable. The locking element 23 is connected between the slide rail 21 and the frame 22 and is used to lock the moving position of the frame 22. The jacking mechanism is connected between the two sets of frames 22 and has a telescopic moving end. The jacking mechanism extends into the cylindrical groove 11 through the telescopic moving end to apply a pushing force to the core rod 1. The height and horizontal position of the jacking mechanism can be adjusted by the sliding bracket to adapt to the jacking position requirements.

[0029] The abutment positioning mechanism, as the core component of this invention, mainly positions and guides the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism as it extends into the cylindrical groove 11 to apply a pushing force to the mandrel 1, ensuring that the direction of the applied force is consistent with the axial direction of the mandrel 1. The abutment positioning mechanism includes two disc-shaped components 41, multiple claws 44, and a synchronous telescopic assembly 45. The two disc-shaped components 41 are coaxially fixed by a connecting rod 42. The diameter of the disc-shaped components 41 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical groove 11. One of the disc-shaped components 41 is connected to the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism via a connecting column 43. The two disc-mounted components 41 are connected at the ends. On the sidewalls facing each other, there are multiple guide slots 411 symmetrically arranged. The multiple guide slots 411 are arranged around the disc-mounted components 41 and are arranged radially along the disc-mounted components 41. There are multiple claws 44, the same number as the multiple guide slots 411. The two ends of each claw 44 are slidably connected to the guide slots 411 on the two disc-mounted components 41. The synchronous telescopic component 45 has its output end connected to the multiple claws 44 and is used to drive the multiple claws 44 to synchronously telescopically extend and retract along the guide slots 411 to center and clamp the cylindrical groove 11.

[0030] In this embodiment, when core removal is performed after the hollow shaft supported by the mandrel 1 has been forged, the height and horizontal position of the pushing mechanism and the abutment positioning mechanism located on the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism can be adjusted by the sliding bracket, thereby allowing the abutment positioning mechanism to extend into the cylindrical groove 11. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, when the disc assembly 41 on the right side abuts against the vertical groove wall of the cylindrical groove 11, the horizontal position of the sliding bracket is locked by the locking member 23. The synchronous telescopic assembly 45 drives multiple claws 44 to extend along the guide slot 411 to center and clamp the cylindrical groove 11, keeping the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism coaxial with the mandrel 1. Thus, when the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism pushes the mandrel 1 through the disc assembly 41, the direction of the applied force is guided and positioned so that it is along the axis of the mandrel 1, avoiding the phenomenon of top deviation. Moreover, the multiple claws 44 can clamp the annular groove wall of the cylindrical groove 11 to apply a pushing force, so that the mandrel 1 receives more pushing force, so that the mandrel 1 can be pulled out.

[0031] In order to achieve internal support and uniform centering clamping of the inner wall of the cylindrical groove 11 opened in the mandrel 1, the number of guide slots 411 and claws 44 are three, and the included angle between adjacent guide slots 411 is set at 120°.

[0032] To accommodate the curvature of the cylindrical groove 11, the shape of the clamping end face of the claw 44 matches the shape of the cylindrical groove 11. At the same time, to increase the contact friction, multiple dividing grooves are provided on the clamping end face of each claw 44. The multiple dividing grooves are arranged along the axial direction of the disc assembly 41 to form a sawtooth claw in sequence. The tooth height of the sawtooth is 5mm~10mm and the tooth pitch is 10mm~15mm, which effectively prevents slippage during the pushing process.

[0033] In another embodiment of the present invention, the jacking mechanism can be constructed using a hydraulic cylinder or a screw-driven mechanism. Considering the size of the long hollow shaft, the jacking mechanism needs to have a long stroke to extend into it; therefore, a screw-driven mechanism is selected. Specifically, it includes a drive motor 31, a screw 32, and a limiting bracket 33. The drive motor 31 is a centrally penetrating screw motor, which is mounted and fixed between two frames 22. The screw 32 passes through and is connected to the drive motor 31. The limiting bracket 33 is slidably connected to the slide rail 21. The upper limit bracket 33 is fixed to one end of the lead screw 32, and the other end of the lead screw 32 is connected to the connecting column 43. Both the frame 22 and the limit bracket 33 are telescopic frames to realize the height adjustment function of the lead screw 32 and the abutment positioning mechanism. When pushing, the limit bracket 33 can realize the rotation restriction of the lead screw 32, so that the lead screw 32 can be driven to move linearly by the drive motor 31, so that the end of the lead screw 32 with the abutment positioning mechanism extends into the cylindrical groove 11 to push the core rod 1, and the core rod 1 can be pulled out by the traction of the manipulator.

[0034] The inner wall of the frame 22 is provided with a lifting guide slot, and a hydraulic cylinder 221 is provided in the lifting guide slot. The cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 221 is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the lifting guide slot, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 221 is connected to the side wall of the drive motor 31 through a lifting seat to realize the height adjustment of the drive motor 31.

[0035] The limiting bracket 33 includes a pair of slide blocks 331, a pair of telescopic rods 332, and a tail support 333. The pair of slide blocks 331 are slidably connected to the two slide rails 21 respectively. One end of each telescopic rod 332 is fixed to the top of each slide block 331. The tail support 333 is mounted and fixed between the other ends of the two telescopic rods 332. The tail support 333 is fixed to the end of the lead screw 32. This allows the limiting bracket 33 to adjust its height and horizontal displacement along with the core rod 1.

[0036] The locking component 23 adopts a structure of threaded locking pin and locking washer. A locking seat is connected to the side of the bottom of the frame 22. The locking seat is parallel to the side wall of the slide rail 21. A threaded locking pin is threaded on the locking seat. By tightening the threaded locking pin, the locking washer can be squeezed. The moving position of the frame 22 is locked by friction. It has the advantages of stable locking and convenient operation.

[0037] Specifically, in order to utilize the thrust generated by the telescopic moving end of the jacking mechanism to power the synchronous telescopic assembly 45 and drive the multiple claws 44 to telescopically move, the structure of the synchronous telescopic assembly 45 is improved, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the synchronous telescopic assembly 45 in this embodiment includes an internally threaded sleeve 451, a screw 452, an adjusting disc 453, and an elastic telescopic rod 455. One end of the internally threaded sleeve 451 is fixed to the connecting post 43 and is coaxially arranged with the disc assembly 41. One end of the screw 452 is connected to the internally threaded sleeve 451, and the other end of the screw 452 passes through one of the disc assemblies 41 and is rotatably connected to the center of the other disc assembly 41. The adjusting disc 453 is located between the two disc assemblies 41. The adjusting disc 453 has a threaded hole and a through-hole. The threaded hole is located at the center of the adjusting disc 453. The adjusting disc 453 is threadedly connected to the screw 452 respectively. The adjusting disc 453 is slidably connected to the connecting rod 42. The adjusting disc 453 is frustum-shaped. Each claw 44 has an inclined side facing the adjusting disc 453 and abuts against the conical surface of the adjusting disc 453. Each claw 44 has a mounting slot 441 at both ends of its bottom. Each mounting slot 441 has a vertically arranged first return spring 454. The two ends of the first return spring 454 are respectively connected to the mounting slot 441 and the groove wall facing the guide slot 411. The elastic telescopic rod 455 is arranged along the axial direction of the disc assembly 41. One end of the elastic telescopic rod 455 is connected to the connecting column 43, and the other end of the elastic telescopic rod 455 is connected to the leftmost disc assembly 41.

[0038] In this embodiment, after the telescopic moving end of the jacking mechanism drives the disc-shaped component 41 on the right side to abut against the vertical groove wall of the cylindrical groove 11, as the telescopic moving end of the jacking mechanism continues to advance, the elastic telescopic rod 455 is compressed, and the horizontal distance between the connecting column 43 and the disc-shaped component 41 on the left side decreases. The connecting column 43 pushes the internal threaded sleeve 451 to move relative to the screw 452, so that the left side of the screw 452 is continuously squeezed and screwed into the internal threaded sleeve 451. The movement of the internal threaded sleeve 451 will drive the screw 452 to rotate, thereby driving the adjusting disc 453 to move horizontally towards the connecting column 43. During the movement of the adjusting disc 453, its conical surface will squeeze the chuck 44. The inclined surface forces the pawl 44 to extend radially along the guide slot 411 and the first return spring 454 to extend until the arc surface of the pawl 44 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the cylindrical groove 11, thus clamping the cylindrical groove 11. After the pushing operation is completed, when the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism exits from the cylindrical groove 11, it no longer applies pressure to the elastic telescopic rod 455. The elastic telescopic rod 455 returns to its original position and extends, so that the horizontal distance between the connecting column 43 and the disc assembly 41 located on the left increases the narrowing horizontal distance. In the opposite direction of the above transmission process, the screw 452 rotates in the opposite direction, the adjusting disc 453 returns to its original position, and the pawl 44 retracts radially under the action of the first return spring 454, releasing the clamping of the cylindrical groove 11.

[0039] Furthermore, the elastic telescopic rod includes a sliding rod 4551 and a second return spring 4552. A mounting countersunk hole 431 is provided on the end face of the connecting post 43 facing the disc assembly 41. One end of the second return spring 4552 is connected to the mounting countersunk hole 431. One end of the sliding rod 4551 extends into the mounting countersunk hole 431 and connects to the other end of the second return spring 4552. The other end of the sliding rod 4551 is fixed to the disc assembly 41. The displacement control of the sliding rod 4551 is achieved through the second return spring 4552. When the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism moves forward, the horizontal distance between the connecting column 43 and the disc assembly 41 located on the left side decreases, thereby compressing the second return spring 4552 and causing one side of the slide rod 4551 to retract into the mounting countersunk hole 431. When the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism retracts, it no longer applies pressure to the second return spring 4552, and the second return spring 4552 returns to its original position and extends, thereby increasing the horizontal distance between the connecting column 43 and the disc assembly 41 located on the left side.

[0040] In this design, the countersunk hole 431 is a stepped hole, with the inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter. The second return spring 4552 passes through the inner hole of the countersunk hole 431, and the slide rod 4551 passes through the outer hole. By making the countersunk hole 431 a stepped hole, the characteristic that the inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter can be utilized. Figure 5As shown, when the second return spring 4552 is compressed by the slide rod 4551, the inner hole can directly provide rigid support for the slide rod 4551, thereby applying a stable pushing force and protecting the second return spring 4552 from being compressed beyond its own elastic deformation and causing damage.

[0041] As a preferred improvement, in order to facilitate the adjustment of the hollow shaft position when the manipulator arm 5 clamps one end of the mandrel 1 for forging operations, and also provide coaxial support for the other end of the mandrel 1, the diameter of the connecting column 43 is smaller than the diameter of the disc assembly 41 and larger than the outer diameter of the lead screw 32. The end of the lead screw 32 is rotatably connected to the end face of the connecting column 43. Thus, when the three jaws 44 perform internal support-type centering and uniform clamping on the inner wall of the cylindrical groove 11 opened on the mandrel 1, the connecting column 43 can rotate relative to the lead screw 32. Therefore, when the mandrel 1 is clamped and rotated by the manipulator arm 5, it can rotate with the mandrel 1, thereby achieving rotational support for the other end of the mandrel 1. This can then be applied to the forging process of the hollow shaft to play a role in rotational support.

[0042] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this embodiment discloses a forging method for metal forgings. This method is used for hollow shaft forging operations and is implemented using the aforementioned forging equipment. The method includes the following steps: S1. The position of the hollow shaft is adjusted by the manipulator arm 5 holding the mandrel 1, and the hollow shaft is forged by hammering it with a forging hammer.

[0043] S2. After forging, press down the forging hammer and cooperate with the support seat to form a clamping and limiting position on the outer wall of the hollow shaft.

[0044] S3. Adjust the horizontal position of the sliding bracket so that the abutment positioning mechanism set on the telescopic moving end of the jacking mechanism extends into the cylindrical groove 11. After the end face of the disc component 41 abuts against the cylindrical groove 11, the horizontal position of the sliding bracket is locked by the locking component 23.

[0045] S4. Adjust the height of the frame 22 so that the center of the disc assembly 41 is aligned with the center of the cylindrical groove 11. Control the synchronous telescopic assembly 45 to drive multiple claws 44 to extend synchronously along the guide slot 411 to center and clamp the cylindrical groove 11.

[0046] S5. Activate the jacking mechanism and jack the mandrel 1 through the disc assembly 41. Under the clamping and positioning of multiple jaws 44, push the mandrel 1 along the axial direction of the mandrel 1. At the same time, pull the other end of the mandrel 1 through the mechanical arm of the manipulator. Through the cooperation of the jacking mechanism and the manipulator, the mandrel 1 is pulled out from the hollow shaft.

[0047] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forging apparatus for metal forgings, comprising a mandrel, wherein a cylindrical groove is coaxially formed at one end of the mandrel, characterized in that, Also includes: The sliding bracket includes a slide rail, a frame, and a locking component. The slide rail and the frame are provided in two sets, and the two sets of slide rails are arranged in parallel. The bottom of each frame is slidably connected to each slide rail. The height of the frame is adjustable. The locking component is connected between the slide rail and the frame to lock the moving position of the frame. The jacking mechanism, connected between the two sets of the frame, has a telescopic moving end; The abutment positioning mechanism, connected to the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism, includes: two disc-shaped components, coaxially fixed by connecting rods, the diameter of the disc-shaped components being smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical groove; one of the disc-shaped components being connected to the telescopic moving end of the pushing mechanism via a connecting column; multiple guide slots symmetrically provided on the opposite sidewalls of the two disc-shaped components, the multiple guide slots being opened around the disc-shaped components and arranged radially; multiple claws, the number being the same as the number of guide slots, the two ends of each claw being slidably connected to the guide slots opened on the two disc-shaped components; and a synchronous telescopic assembly, the output end of which is connected to the multiple claws, used to drive the multiple claws to synchronously telescopically extend and retract along the guide slots to center and clamp the cylindrical groove.

2. The forging equipment for metal forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of guide slots and the number of claws are both three, and the included angle between adjacent guide slots is 120°.

3. The forging equipment for metal forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the clamping end face of the claw matches the shape of the cylindrical groove, and the clamping end face is provided with multiple dividing grooves, which are arranged along the axial direction of the disc assembly.

4. The forging equipment for metal forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The jacking mechanism includes a drive motor, a lead screw, and a limiting bracket. The drive motor is a center-through lead screw motor, which is mounted and fixed between the two frame bodies. The lead screw passes through and is connected inside the drive motor. The limiting bracket is slidably connected to the slide rail, and the limiting bracket is fixed to one end of the lead screw. The other end of the lead screw is connected to the connecting column. Both the frame body and the limiting bracket are telescopic frames.

5. The forging equipment for metal forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronous scaling component includes: An internally threaded sleeve, one end of which is fixed to the connecting post and coaxially arranged with the disc assembly; The screw has one end connected to the internal threaded sleeve, and the other end passes through one of the disc components and is rotatably connected to the center of the other disc component. An adjusting disc is located between the two disc components. The adjusting disc has a threaded hole and a through-hole. The threaded hole is located at the center of the adjusting disc. The adjusting disc is threadedly connected to the screw and slidably connected to the connecting rod. The adjusting disc is frustum-shaped. The side wall of each claw facing the adjusting disc is inclined and abuts against the conical surface of the adjusting disc. The bottom of each claw has a mounting slot at both ends. Each mounting slot has a vertically arranged first return spring. The two ends of the first return spring are connected to the groove wall facing the mounting slot and the guide slot, respectively. An elastic telescopic rod is arranged along the axial direction of the disc assembly and is connected between the disc assembly and the connecting column.

6. The forging equipment for metal forgings according to claim 5, characterized in that, The elastic telescopic rod includes a sliding rod and a second return spring. The connecting column has a mounting countersunk hole on its end face facing the disc assembly. One end of the second return spring is connected to the mounting countersunk hole. One end of the sliding rod extends into the mounting countersunk hole and is connected to the other end of the second return spring. The other end of the sliding rod is fixed to the disc assembly.

7. The forging equipment for metal forgings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting countersunk hole is a stepped hole, with the inner diameter being smaller than the outer diameter. The second return spring passes through the inner hole of the mounting countersunk hole, and the slide rod passes through the outer hole.

8. The forging equipment for metal forgings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter of the connecting post is smaller than the diameter of the disc assembly, but larger than the outer diameter of the lead screw, and the end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the end face of the connecting post.

9. A forging method for metal forgings, the method being used in hollow shaft forging operations, characterized in that, The process is achieved using the forging equipment described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and includes the following steps: The position of the hollow shaft is adjusted by clamping the mandrel with the robotic arm of the manipulator, and the hollow shaft is forged by hammering it with a forging hammer. After forging is completed, the forging hammer is pressed down and cooperates with the support seat to form a clamping and limiting position on the outer wall of the hollow shaft; Adjust the horizontal position of the sliding bracket so that the abutment positioning mechanism set on the telescopic moving end of the push mechanism extends into the cylindrical groove. After the end face of the disc-shaped part abuts against the cylindrical groove, the horizontal position of the sliding bracket is locked by the locking member. Adjust the height of the frame so that the center of the disc-shaped component is aligned with the center of the cylindrical groove, and control the synchronous telescopic component to drive multiple claws to extend synchronously along the guide slot to center and clamp the cylindrical groove. The jacking mechanism is activated, and the mandrel is pushed by the disc assembly. Under the clamping and positioning of multiple jaws, the mandrel is pushed along the axial direction. At the same time, the other end of the mandrel is pulled by the mechanical arm of the manipulator. Through the cooperation of the jacking mechanism and the manipulator, the mandrel is pulled out from the hollow shaft.

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