Side-opening back door, side-opening back door design method and automobile
By setting up a sheet metal reinforcement area, segmented sealing, and a reasonable layout of limiting components and hinges on the side-opening tailgate of the car, the problems of easy structural deformation, poor sealing performance, and insufficient limiting control capability have been solved, achieving high reliability and good sealing performance of the tailgate, and improving operational convenience and safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511888085.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
When a car's side-opening tailgate is equipped with a spare tire, it suffers from structural deformation, poor reliability, inadequate sealing, and poor limit control capabilities.
A side-opening tailgate was designed, including a tailgate body, sealing components, limiting components, and opening and closing components. The load of the spare tire is transferred by setting a sheet metal reinforcement area on the tailgate body, setting the sealing components in sections, and using limiting components and a reasonable layout of hinges and locks to form a continuous load transfer path. Engineering simulation optimization was performed.
The structural rigidity and deformation resistance of the back door body have been improved, ensuring good sealing effect and limit control, enhancing the reliability and ease of operation of the back door, and reducing long-term operating costs and safety hazards.
Smart Images
Figure CN121572774A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to a side-opening back door, a side-opening back door design method and an automobile. BACKGROUND
[0002] The side-opening back door of an automobile is widely used in SUV or off-road vehicle models with a spare tire. Due to the gravity load of the spare tire and the harsh conditions during vehicle driving, the design of such a back door faces severe challenges.
[0003] In the related art, the side-opening back door with a spare tire has problems such as easy deformation of the structure, poor reliability, poor sealing, and poor limit control ability. SUMMARY
[0004] In order to at least solve some of the defects mentioned in the related art, the present application provides a side-opening back door, a side-opening back door design method and an automobile.
[0005] The side-opening back door provided by the present application includes a back door body, a sealing element, a limiting element and an opening and closing element. The back door body includes a top cover portion, a lock body portion, a hinge portion and a door sill portion. A spare tire is installed on the back door body, and a sheet metal reinforcing area is provided on the back door body to transmit the load of the spare tire to the vehicle body. The top cover portion, the lock body portion, the hinge portion and the door sill portion each independently have the sealing element, and adjacent sealing elements are connected to each other. The limiting element includes a first limiting block and a second limiting block. The first limiting block is used to limit the deformation of the back door body in a first direction, and the second limiting block is used to limit the deformation of the back door body in a second direction. The opening and closing element includes a lock body and at least two hinges. The two hinges are dispersedly arranged on the hinge portion, the lock body is arranged on the lock body portion, and the positions of the lock body and the two hinges are approximately arranged in an isosceles triangle.
[0006] Further, the mounting position of the spare tire on the back door body is set as a fixed area, and the position corresponding to the mounting position of the spare tire on the inner side of the back door body is set as a corresponding area. The sheet metal reinforcing area includes the fixed area, the hinge portion and the corresponding area, and a continuous load transmission path is formed between the fixed area, the hinge portion and the corresponding area.
[0007] Further, the first limiting block includes a first main limiting block and a first auxiliary limiting block. The first main limiting block is arranged at a weak position of the top cover portion, and the first auxiliary limiting block is arranged at a weak position of the lock body portion close to the lower edge of the back door body.
[0008] Further, the first main limiting block is provided in plurality on the top cover part, and at least one first main limiting block is provided at each corner of the top cover part. The first auxiliary limiting block is provided on the lock body part at the weak position of the lower edge of the back door body.
[0009] Further, the second limiting block comprises a second main limiting block and a second auxiliary limiting block, the second main limiting block is provided on the lock body part at the weak position close to the lock body, and the second auxiliary limiting block is provided on the hinge part, the lock body part and the door sill part at the weak position.
[0010] Further, the second main limiting block is provided on the lock body part at the position close to the lower edge of the back door body. The second auxiliary limiting block is provided in plurality, and at least one second auxiliary limiting block is provided on the hinge part at the weak position close to the top cover part, at least one second auxiliary limiting block is provided on the door sill part at the weak position close to the lock body part, and at least one second auxiliary limiting block is provided on the lock body part at the weak position close to the top cover part.
[0011] Further, the two hinges are coaxially arranged in the vertical direction on the hinge part, and the hinge shafts of the two hinges are arranged at an angle with the vertical section perpendicular to the lateral direction of the vehicle body, so that when the back door body rotates, the moving trend direction of the center of gravity of the back door body is the closing direction of the back door body.
[0012] Further, the lock body is arranged between the two hinges in the vertical direction, and an outer handle is arranged on the side of the back door body away from the lock body for controlling the opening and closing of the lock body. The mounting position of the outer handle and the mounting position of the lock body are correspondingly arranged on both sides of the side-opening back door.
[0013] The present application provides a side-opening back door design method for designing the side-opening back door in any one of the above embodiments, the design method comprising: confirmation of scheme and analysis of modeling feasibility; arrangement of the axis of the hinge on the hinge part and confirmation of the joint; making a typical main section covering the key parameters of the side-opening back door; constructing the stop face, the body and the back door sealing face of the side-opening back door based on the main section; arrangement and movement checking of the lock body, the limiting member and the outer handle; sheet metal design of the side-opening back door, engineering simulation and performance analysis of the structure of the side-opening back door by using computer software, process analysis iteration optimization, and determination of final data.
[0014] The application further provides an automobile, comprising a vehicle body and the side-hinged back door in any one of the above embodiments, which is installed on the vehicle body.
[0015] Through the above technical scheme, the side-hinged back door of the application transmits the load of the suspended spare tire from the back door body to the vehicle body through the setting of the sheet metal reinforcing area, and improves the structural rigidity and deformation resistance of the sheet metal of the back door body.
[0016] The segmented sealing element enables the working environment of different areas of the back door body to be set with different sealing elements, ensuring that the sealing element still has good sealing effect under harsh working conditions, and the multiple sealing elements are connected with each other, further ensuring the waterproof and dustproof performance of the back door body.
[0017] The limiting element can strengthen the weak position of the back door body, prevent the back door body from deforming in the first direction or the second direction, and ensure the good matching of the back door body and the vehicle body.
[0018] The lock body and the hinge are respectively arranged in the lock body part and the hinge part of the back door body, and the approximate isosceles triangular arrangement mode ensures the overall structural rationality of the back door body, makes the back door body easy to open and close, easy to maintain, and the stress is also more reasonable.
[0019] Other features and advantages of the application will be described in detail in the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.
[0021] Figure 1 A structure schematic view of the side-hinged back door of the embodiment of the application from one perspective; Figure 2 Another structure schematic view of the side-hinged back door of the embodiment of the application from another perspective; Figure 3 Still another structure schematic view of the side-hinged back door of the embodiment of the application from still another perspective.
[0022] Icon: 100 - back door main body; 110 - top cover part; 120 - lock body part; 130 - hinge part; 140 - door sill part; 151 - fixed area; 152 - corresponding area; 160 - outside opening handle; 200 - limiting piece; 210 - first limiting block; 211 - first main limiting block; 212 - first auxiliary limiting block; 220 - second limiting block; 221 - second main limiting block; 222 - second auxiliary limiting block; 300 - opening and closing piece; 310 - lock body; 320 - hinge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0024] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the positions or location relationships indicated by the terms "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the positions or location relationships shown in the drawings, or the positions or location relationships commonly placed when the products of the present application are used, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0025] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "provided", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixedly connected, can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0026] The present embodiment provides a side opening back door, which is used to solve the problems of poor structural reliability, poor sealing performance and poor limiting control ability of the back door in the related art.
[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2The embodiment provides a side-opening back door, which comprises a back door body 100, a sealing piece, a limiting piece 200 and an opening and closing piece 300. The back door body 100 comprises a top cover part 110, a lock body part 120, a hinge part 130 and a door sill part 140; a spare tire is installed on the back door body 100, and a sheet metal reinforcing area is arranged on the back door body 100 and used for transmitting the load of the spare tire to a vehicle body. The top cover part 110, the lock body part 120, the hinge part 130 and the door sill part 140 are independently provided with the sealing piece, and adjacent sealing pieces are connected with each other. The limiting piece 200 comprises a first limiting block 210 and a second limiting block 220, the first limiting block 210 is used for limiting the deformation of the back door body 100 in a first direction, and the second limiting block 220 is used for limiting the deformation of the back door body 100 in a second direction. The opening and closing piece 300 comprises a lock body 310 and at least two hinges 320, the two hinges 320 are dispersedly arranged on the hinge part 130, the lock body 310 is arranged on the lock body part 120, and the positions of the lock body 310 and the two hinges 320 are approximately arranged in an isosceles triangle.
[0028] Specifically, the weight of the spare tire usually exceeds 30 kg and acts on the middle part of the back door for a long time, which easily causes stress concentration in the lock body 310 area, the hinge 320 area and the door sill area, and causes sheet metal depression, welding point cracking or permanent deformation. In the embodiment, a special sheet metal reinforcing area is arranged on the back door body 100, a continuous load transmission path from a spare tire mounting point to a vehicle body mounting point is formed, the stress borne by the key area of the back door body 100 is reduced, permanent deformation of the back door body 100 is avoided, long-term use reliability is improved, and safety hazards or after-sales complaints caused by structural failure are avoided.
[0029] The periphery of the back door is divided into the top cover part 110, the lock body part 120, the hinge part 130 and the door sill part 140. According to the characteristics of each area, the cross-sectional shape, the compression load, the sealing gap and the lip overlap amount of the sealing strip are designed. For example, higher sealing standards are used in the top cover area, the lock side area and the hinge 320 side area which are greatly affected by the load of the spare tire, so as to cope with harsh working conditions. In this way, through targeted design, the best sealing effect of each area under different working conditions is ensured, and sealing failure caused by local deformation is effectively prevented.
[0030] In addition, special areas such as corners can adopt vulcanization corner design or appropriate tolerance relaxation, improving the flexibility and adaptability of the sealing system and reducing sealing problems caused by manufacturing tolerances or assembly errors. In order to ensure sealing effect, bubble tubes can be added to the inner plate of the seal at special areas such as corners, top cover, hinges 320 and lock side according to actual conditions, which increases the flexibility and elastic recovery force of the seal strip, and maintains good sealing state even in the case of slight deformation of the back door. Reduce maintenance requirements due to poor sealing, reduce long-term operating costs. It should be noted that in the present embodiment, the seal can be provided on the back door body 100, or can be provided on the vehicle body according to actual needs, as long as the seal can achieve good sealing effect after the back door body 100 is closed.
[0031] As for the limiting piece 200, the spare tire gravity can cause the back door to be outwardly warped and sunk, and the sealing reaction force can cause the window frame area to be outwardly convex. In the present embodiment, the first limiting block 210 and the second limiting block 220 are provided to constrain the deformation in two orthogonal directions respectively. The limiting block is covered with an elastic buffer material and a metal core, taking into account rigid support and NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) comfort. The limiting position is optimized through CAE (a technology that uses computer software to simulate and analyze the performance of products or engineering structures) modal and static stiffness analysis to ensure effective contact under extreme conditions. In the present embodiment, the material of the limiting block is not limited as long as it can be used on the back door body 100 for normal use. For example, the limiting block can be made of engineering plastic, metal or rubber.
[0032] As for the opening and closing piece 300, unreasonable arrangement of the hinges 320 can increase the risk of sinking of the side-opening back door with the spare tire mounted thereon, and poor position of the lock body 310 and handle affects the operation convenience, and low integration of accessories increases the maintenance difficulty. In the present embodiment, the opening and closing piece 300 adopts an approximate isosceles triangle layout of two hinges 320 and one lock body 310, so that the fixing point of the spare tire mounted on the side-opening back door is located within the isosceles triangle. The two hinges 320 are dispersedly arranged on the upper and lower ends of the hinge part 130, increasing the support span and improving the torsional stiffness, and the lock body 310 is located at the center of the lock body part 120, forming a stable triangle with the two hinges 320 to ensure uniform force on the lock catch. In actual production, an electrically attracted lock cooperating type outward handle 160 can be used to improve the smoothness of opening and closing of the back door body 100 and the simplicity of appearance.
[0033] It is worth mentioning that during the assembly and adjustment of the back door body 100, the position of the lock body 310 usually needs to be adjusted first, and then the position of the limiting block needs to be adjusted. Therefore, the optimal position of the lock body 310 is the middle position of the lock body portion 120 to ensure the appearance matching quality of the back door body 100. In this embodiment, the two hinges 320 are set in the middle position of the back door body 100, and the distance between the two hinges 320 is about 1 / 3 of the total height of the back door body 100. In this way, the lock body 310 will be set in a position close to the middle on the lock body portion 120 to facilitate the assembly and adjustment of the back door body 100. Of course, this embodiment does not restrict the lock body 310 to be strictly located in the middle position of the lock body portion 120. In the actual setting of the back door body 100, the position of the lock body 310 is usually limited by the shape features and process requirements and is moved slightly. As long as it is roughly located in the middle position of the lock body portion 120, it meets the requirements of this embodiment.
[0034] In one embodiment, exemplarily, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the spare tire is mounted in a fixed area 151 on the tailgate body 100, and the corresponding area 152 is located on the inner side of the tailgate body 100 where the spare tire is mounted. The sheet metal reinforcement area includes the fixed area 151, the hinge portion 130, and the corresponding area 152, forming a continuous load transfer path between them. By arranging high-rigidity reinforcing ribs, partial double-layer plates, or topology-optimized structures between the fixed area 151, the corresponding area 152, and the hinge portion 130, a continuous mechanical path is formed, starting from the spare tire mounting point, passing through the tailgate inner panel, crossing the window frame, and finally transferring the load to the vehicle side panel via the hinge 320. Through CAE simulation analysis-driven design, the stress distribution along this path can be made more uniform, eliminating local "hot spots," improving structural durability, and avoiding early failure due to stress concentration.
[0035] The continuous force transmission path distributes the load across the entire tailgate frame and vehicle body, significantly reducing local deflection. Simultaneously, anti-deformation compensation is introduced during the data design phase, such as pre-setting a slight upward arch in the window frame and fine-tuning the angle of the 320 hinge mounting surface, to counteract expected deformation. The compensation amount is determined based on static and dynamic deformation cloud maps predicted by CAE. This ensures the structural strength of the tailgate body 100 in this embodiment and prevents deformation of the tailgate body 100.
[0036] In one embodiment, exemplarily, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the first limiting block 210 includes a first main limiting block 211 and a first auxiliary limiting block 212. The first main limiting block 211 is arranged at a weak position of the top cover part 110, and the first auxiliary limiting block 212 is arranged at a weak position of the lock body part 120 close to the lower edge of the back door body 100. After mounting the spare tire, the back door not only bears the vertical downward force, but also is affected by the sealing reaction force, the hinge 320 gap, the lateral acceleration during driving, and the like, so that the back door body 100 is deformed in a combined horizontal manner of upward and outward at the top cover part 110 and the lock body part 120. In this embodiment, the back door body 100 is affected by the torque of the spare tire, and the lower part of the back door body 100 has a tendency to deform towards the vehicle body along a center line connecting the hinge 320 side and the lock body 310 side, and the upper part of the back door body 100 has a tendency to deform away from the vehicle body. The first main limiting block 211 is arranged at a weak position of the top cover part 110, such as the upper corner of the window frame, to prevent the back door body 100 from colliding with the vehicle body. The first auxiliary limiting block 212 is arranged at a weak position of the lock body part 120 close to the lower edge of the back door body 100, to limit the deformation of the back door body 100, and to improve the overall structural strength of the back door body 100. For example, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The first main limiting block 211 is arranged at a weak position of the top cover part 110, such as the upper corner of the window frame, to prevent the back door body 100 from colliding with the vehicle body. The first auxiliary limiting block 212 is arranged at a weak position of the lock body part 120 close to the lower edge of the back door body 100, to limit the deformation of the back door body 100, and to improve the overall structural strength of the back door body 100.
[0037] The two hinges 320 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the hinge part 130, and the first auxiliary limiting block 212 is arranged at a weak position of the lock body part 120 close to the lower edge of the back door body 100. The triangular structure forms a stable plane static structure, which can effectively transmit the sealing reaction force and the door closing impact force to the two hinges 320, so as to avoid local stress concentration. In addition, the first auxiliary limiting block 212 can effectively provide a horizontal reverse thrust to the back door body 100, to prevent the lower part of the back door body 100 from turning towards the vehicle body. Furthermore, since the auxiliary limiting block is close to the lower edge of the back door, the horizontal constraint has a coupling inhibition effect on the vertical downward sinking, that is, the first auxiliary limiting block 212 can abut against the vehicle body to limit the tendency of the lower part of the back door body 100 to turn towards the vehicle body.
[0038] It should be noted that the specific structure of the limiting block is not limited in this embodiment, and the limiting block is flexible. For example, adjustable limiting blocks such as threaded adjusting washers are preferred in spaces that allow arrangement, which facilitates fine adjustment of the back door posture during assembly. In the space-limited area, a clamping type limiting block is used to save space and does not require tools for installation. All limiting block positions avoid stamping negative angles, dense welding points, wire harness channels, and maintenance windows to ensure the process feasibility of the body-in-white and the back door panel. Of course, the limiting member 200 can be provided on the back door body 100 or on the vehicle body according to actual needs, as long as the limiting member 200 can provide good supporting and limiting effect after the back door body 100 is closed.
[0039] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 3 The second limiting block 220 includes a second main limiting block 221 and a second auxiliary limiting block 222. The second main limiting block 221 is arranged on the lock body 120 near the lower edge of the back door body 100. The second auxiliary limiting block 222 is arranged on the hinge 130, the lock body 120, and the door sill 140. The spare tire gravity acts on the middle part of the back door, forming a cantilever beam effect with the hinge 320 and the lock body 310 as the fulcrum, causing the upper edge of the back door body 100 to easily overturn, the compression amount of the sealing strip between the upper edge of the back door and the vehicle body is insufficient, causing water leakage and dust ingress. In this embodiment, the second main limiting block 221 is arranged at the weak position of the lock body 120, usually the position away from the lock body 310 and close to the lower edge of the back door body 100. This position is farthest from the hinge 320 shaft and has the longest force arm, which is the most effective in controlling the overturning or deformation of the back door body 100. The second auxiliary limiting block 222 is arranged on the hinge 130, the lock body 120, and the door sill 140, such as the position on the hinge 130 close to the window frame, or the position on the lock body 120 close to the roof 110, or the position on the door sill 140 close to the corner, as an auxiliary support point.
[0040] For example, please continue to refer to Figures 1 to 3The second main limiting block 221 is arranged at a position of the lock body 120 away from the lock body 310 and close to the lower edge of the back door body 100. The second secondary limiting block 222 is arranged in multiple, at least one of the second secondary limiting block 222 is arranged on the hinge part 130 close to the weak position of the top cover part 110, at least one of the second secondary limiting block 222 is arranged on the door sill part 140 close to the weak position of the lock body part 120, and at least one second secondary limiting block 222 is arranged on the lock body part 120 close to the weak position of the top cover part 110. The two hinges 320 serve as the rotation fulcrum of the back door and bear all bending moments. The second main limiting block 221 is located at the lower edge of the lock body part 120, that is, the farthest end of the back door. The main limiting block is farthest from the sinking rotation center and is most sensitive and effective in resisting rotation sinking around the hinge 320. The triangular layout formed by the two hinges 320 and the second main limiting block 221 can also avoid unilateral overload and prevent the back door from “sinking obliquely”. In addition, when the door is closed, the force on the lock body 310 is evenly transmitted to the two hinges 320 through the triangular structure, reducing impact and abnormal noise.
[0041] The window frame near the upper hinge 320 is prone to yield due to gravity. The lower edge corner connecting the lock side and the hinge 320 side has large geometric mutations and is prone to stress concentration. Although these areas are not the main load-bearing path, they are prone to local collapse, sealing failure or weld cracking after long-term use. In this embodiment, a pair of second secondary limiting blocks 222 are arranged at the hinge 320 side of the window frame to improve the local rigidity of the area and inhibit the deformation of the window frame. A pair of second secondary limiting blocks 222 are arranged at the lock side of the door sill corner as a sinking redundancy insurance to prevent excessive sinking after the main limiting fails. All secondary limiting blocks are precisely distributed according to the “weak position” to achieve on-demand strengthening and point-to-point, which is especially suitable for the compact structure and small available space of the side-opening back door in this embodiment.
[0042] The second secondary limiting block 222 arranged on the door sill part 140 close to the lock body part 120 and the second secondary limiting block 222 arranged on the lock body part 120 close to the top cover part 110 further improve the safety redundancy of this embodiment. After the second main limiting block 221 fails due to various factors, the second secondary limiting block 222 can directly abut against the vehicle body to limit the overturning deformation trend of the back door body 100.
[0043] Of course, once the single limiting piece 200 ages, permanently deforms under compression, or has assembly deviation, it will cause the back door to continuously sink and cannot be repaired. In this embodiment, the second main limiting block 221 bears the main supporting function, and multiple second secondary limiting blocks 222 provide functional redundancy and progressive protection. Even if the main limiting fails, the secondary limiting can still limit the sinking amplitude within a safe range to avoid functional loss.
[0044] In the above embodiment, the first direction is set as a horizontal direction, the second direction is set as a vertical direction, and the first direction and the second direction are set perpendicularly. The first direction can also be set as an approximately horizontal direction according to actual needs, and the second direction is the same, but the first direction and the second direction need to remain perpendicular.
[0045] It should be noted that in the present embodiment, only the normal action of the first main limiting block 211 and the second main limiting block 221 is required, so that the back door body 100 can effectively resist the overturning or deformation trend caused by the tire force moment. The first auxiliary limiting block 212 and the second auxiliary limiting block 222 are used to provide functional redundancy, so that even if the first main limiting block 211 or the second main limiting block 221 fails, the first auxiliary limiting block 212 and the second auxiliary limiting block 222 can still limit and support the back door body 100 to prevent it from deforming.
[0046] In the present embodiment, the plurality of first auxiliary limiting blocks 212 and the plurality of second auxiliary limiting blocks 222 are provided with priorities, wherein the first auxiliary limiting block 212 of the lock body portion 120 close to the lower edge of the back door body 100 is of a first priority, the second auxiliary limiting block 222 close to the lock body portion 120 of the threshold portion 140 is of a first priority, the second auxiliary limiting block 222 close to the lock body portion 120 of the top cover portion 110 is of a second priority, and the second auxiliary limiting block 222 close to the top cover portion 110 of the hinge portion 130 is of a third priority. In theory, under the premise of ensuring the normal setting of the main limiting block, starting from the first priority and considering step by step, the limiting block of the first priority is preferentially set, and if it is limited by space, layout and other factors, the limiting block of the second priority is considered in order, further ensuring the design rationality and safety of the back door body 100 of the present embodiment.
[0047] Of course, under the condition that the space permits, the main limiting block and the auxiliary limiting blocks of each priority can be set on the back door body 100 at the same time to ensure the anti-deformation ability and structural strength of the back door body 100.
[0048] In addition, it can be understood that in the present embodiment, the installation positions of the first main limiting block 211, the first auxiliary limiting block 212, the second main limiting block 221 and the second auxiliary limiting block 222 are not all fixed, each limiting block has a suitable installation area, rather than a certain position. In actual production, each limiting block can be adaptively adjusted in the corresponding area 152 according to actual needs.
[0049] In one embodiment, for example, Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the two hinges 320 are coaxially arranged in the vertical direction at the hinge part 130, and the hinge 320 axes of the two hinges 320 are arranged at an angle with the horizontal plane, so that when the back door body 100 rotates, the moving trend direction of the center of gravity of the back door body 100 is the closing direction of the back door body 100. The hinge 320 axis is arranged with a slight inner inclination angle relative to the vertical direction, so that the hinge 320 axis is inclined inwardly to the vehicle body. When the back door rotates around this inclined axis, the center of gravity trajectory is no longer a pure circular arc, but a spatial curve that is overall gently descending. At the end of the closing, the center of gravity naturally moves downward, and the gravity generates a torque component pointing to the closing direction. The force required by the user to close the back door can be effectively reduced, especially in the case of mounting a spare tire, and “light push to close” can still be achieved, greatly improving the operation convenience and user experience.
[0050] The upper and lower hinges 320 are coaxially arranged in the vertical direction, and the spacing is as large as possible, forming a high-rigidity support frame. The inner inclination angle design not only assists in closing, but also causes the back door to naturally tend to approach the vehicle body under static load, offsetting part of the sinking torque caused by the gravity of the spare tire. In combination with the limiting system in the first direction and the second direction in the above-mentioned embodiment, a double sinking prevention mechanism of active posture guidance and passive rigidity constraint is formed. The sealing compression amount and the appearance matching precision are effectively guaranteed. Of course, the premise of the spacing being as large as possible is that the larger the better under design constraints. Exemplarily, the back door body 100 usually has a window frame weak area, modeling and process limitations, human-machine limitations, cost and weight limitations, and the like. Under the premise of meeting the limitations, the hinges 320 are arranged at the middle positions of the hinge parts 130, which are better in strength, and the spacing between the two hinges 320 accounts for 1 / 3 of the height of the back door.
[0051] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 shown, the lock body 310 is arranged between the two hinges 320 in the vertical direction, and the back door body 100 is provided with an outward-opening handle 160 away from the lock body 310, which is used to control the opening and closing of the lock body 310. The mounting positions of the outward-opening handle 160 and the lock body 310 are correspondingly arranged on the two sides of the side-opening back door. The upper and lower hinges 320 are coaxially arranged in the vertical direction, and the lock body 310 is located in the middle region between the two hinges 320, and the positions of the three approximately form an isosceles triangle with the lock body 310 as the top vertex and the two hinges 320 as the bottom angles. When closing the door, the lock catch reaction force is uniformly transmitted to the upper and lower hinges 320 through the lock body 310, avoiding overloading of the single-sided hinge 320. In addition, the triangular layout effectively resists the torsional deformation caused by the gravity of the spare tire, ensures the accurate centering of the lock tongue and the lock catch, and the lock engagement surface can be designed to be strictly perpendicular to the hinge 320 axis, reduces the oblique impact, and prolongs the service life of the lock body 310.
[0052] The outer opening handle 160 is arranged on the other side of the back door corresponding to the lock body 310, which conforms to the user's natural gripping habit. The height of the handle is between the elbow and the waist of the human body, which is convenient for single-handed operation in standing or bending state. The outer opening handle 160 is arranged on the opposite side of the lock body 310, so that the cable or connecting rod path traverses the inside of the back door, forming a direct and efficient transmission path.
[0053] The lock mounting surface is reserved with a draft angle to meet the stamping process requirements, and is suitable for ordinary mechanical locks or electric suction locks. If an electric suction lock is used, the lock motor is arranged in the cavity of the inner plate, the curvature transition of the cable path is gentle, the suction process is quiet and soft, and the luxury feeling is improved. If a common lock is used, only the lock core module needs to be replaced, or the lock motor can be removed, without the need to modify the sheet metal structure, so that the high and low configuration vehicles share the platform.
[0054] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 The door sill part 140 of the back door body 100 is provided with a support rod, one end of the support rod is connected to the vehicle body, and the other end is connected to the door sill part 140 near the center. The support rod adopts a gas spring or an electric push rod, and its mounting point can be optimized and calculated according to the actual production needs through torque balance, and the end connection point of the back door is located near the center of the door sill part 140, so that the force arm of the support rod is maximized, and the overturning moment generated by the spare tire gravity is effectively balanced. During the full opening stroke, the support rod provides continuous support force to realize hovering at any angle. At the maximum opening degree, the reliable locking can be realized by cooperating with the limiting block or the self-locking mechanism of the support rod to prevent the back door from being accidentally closed due to wind load or vibration. In this way, when the user installs or removes the spare tire or carries large items, the back door can be stably parked at the required angle without additional support; there is no risk of "flapping" in a strong wind environment, which significantly improves the operation safety and convenience.
[0055] The embodiment provides a side opening back door design method for designing the side opening back door in any one of the above embodiments, and the design method comprises the following steps: Scheme confirmation and modeling feasibility analysis; Arrangement of the axis of the hinge 320 in the hinge part 130 and confirmation of the joint; Typical main section covering the key parameters of the side opening back door is made; Based on the main section, the stop face of the side opening back door, the body and the sealing face of the back door are constructed; Arrangement and motion checking of the lock body 310, the limiting part 200 and the outer opening handle 160 are performed; Sheet metal design of the side opening back door is performed, computer software is used for engineering simulation and performance analysis of the structure of the side opening back door, process analysis iteration optimization is performed, and finally the data is determined.
[0056] In the embodiment, the scheme confirmation stage, i.e., joint modeling, general layout, and body engineering, determines boundary conditions such as tire load, opening angle, and man-machine envelope. The main section is determined, and key parameters such as sheet metal thickness, sealing compression, joint gap, and accessory space are locked in advance. The joint surface and the sealing surface are defined synchronously to ensure smooth curvature, no stamping defects, and compatibility with the white body welding and gluing process. More than 90% of the DFM (Design for Manufacturing) and DFA (Design for Assembly) problems are identified and solved before the data is frozen, which can effectively reduce the trial mold cycle and shorten the development cycle.
[0057] The embodiment also provides an automobile, which comprises a vehicle body and the side-hinged back door in any one of the above embodiments.
[0058] The automobile provided by the embodiment has all the beneficial effects of the side-hinged back door, and thus the beneficial effects of the side-hinged back door are not repeated here.
[0059] It should be noted that the features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.
[0060] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A side-hinged back door, characterized in that The utility model relates to a back door body (100) is provided with the first limiting piece (200) and the open and close piece (300), the first limiting piece (200) is used for limiting the back door body (100) in the first direction and the second direction and the shape change of the second direction, the open and close piece (300) is used for the back door body (100) is opened and closed, the back door body (100) is provided with the sealing piece (1000), the sealing piece (1000) is used for the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing 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sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body (100) and the sealing of the back door body 2. The side-hinged back door according to claim 1, characterized in that 3. The side-hinged back door according to claim 1, characterized in that 4. The side-hinged back door according to claim 3, characterized in that 5. The side-hinged back door according to claim 1, characterized in that 6. The side-hinged back door according to claim 5, characterized in that The second main limiting block (221) is arranged on the lock body (120) away from the lock body (310) and close to the lower edge of the back door body (100); The second auxiliary limiting block (222) is arranged in plurality, and at least one of the second auxiliary limiting blocks (222) is arranged on the hinge part (130) close to the weak position of the top cover part (110), at least one of the second auxiliary limiting blocks (222) is arranged on the door sill part (140) close to the weak position of the lock body (120), and at least one of the second auxiliary limiting blocks (222) is arranged on the lock body (120) close to the weak position of the top cover part (110).
7. The side-hinged back door according to claim 1, characterized in that The two hinges (320) are arranged coaxially in the vertical direction on the hinge part (130), and the hinge (320) shafts of the two hinges (320) are arranged at an angle with the vertical section perpendicular to the lateral direction of the vehicle body, so that when the back door body (100) rotates, the moving trend direction of the center of gravity of the back door body (100) is the closing direction of the back door body (100).
8. The side-hinged back door according to claim 1, characterized in that The lock body (310) is arranged between the two hinges (320) in the vertical direction, and an outside handle (160) is arranged on the side of the back door body (100) away from the lock body (310) for controlling the opening and closing of the lock body (310); The mounting position of the outside handle (160) and the mounting position of the lock body (310) are arranged on both sides of the side opening back door.
9. A method of designing a side-hinged back door, characterized by A design method for the side opening back door of any one of claims 1 to 8, the design method comprising: Scheme confirmation and modeling feasibility analysis; Arrangement of the hinge (320) axis on the hinge part (130) and joint confirmation; Typical main section covering key parameters of the side opening back door is made; Based on the main section, the back door sealing surface of the side opening back door is constructed; Arrangement and movement checking of the lock body (310), the limiting member (200), and the outside handle (160) are performed; Sheet metal design of the side opening back door is performed, computer software is used to perform engineering simulation and performance analysis on the structure of the side opening back door, process analysis iteration optimization is performed, and final data is determined.
10. An automobile characterized by comprising: A vehicle body and the side opening back door of any one of claims 1 to 8 are included, and the side opening back door is mounted on the vehicle body.