Grab bucket opening and closing device based on hydraulic system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grab buckets, and provides a grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system, which comprises a top hanging plate, a grab bucket body, two symmetrically arranged bucket bodies, bucket body half gears fixed on the bucket bodies, hinge rods hinged with the bucket bodies, meshing half gears meshed with the bucket body half gears, and a bucket body connecting frame, according to the pulley assembly, through the arrangement of structures such as a bucket body half gear and an oil cylinder assembly, rigid mechanical interlocking is formed when the meshed arc-shaped tooth surface half gears are closed, and the locking load is effectively shared; a hydraulic lock in the oil cylinder assembly can be instantly locked when an oil way loses pressure, a piston rod is firmly fixed, mechanical and hydraulic double insurance is jointly formed by the hydraulic lock and the piston rod, it is guaranteed that the grab bucket can be kept absolutely closed even under the extreme working condition that a rope is loosened or external power fails, and the accidental opening risk is eradicated; the problems of insufficient reliability and insufficient efficiency in the prior art are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of grab bucket, in particular to a grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a key equipment in the field of material handling, grab bucket is widely used in port, mine, construction and other scenes for grabbing, lifting and unloading bulk cargo.

[0003] Traditional grab bucket, such as double rope grab bucket, opens and closes and lifts completely depending on the coordinated action of two groups of steel wire ropes. Although such grab bucket has simple structure and low cost, it has inherent defects in reliability, safety and sealing.

[0004] Firstly, the locking force of traditional grab bucket completely depends on the tension of closing rope. During transportation, once the rope is loose (such as due to unstable winch brake or load impact), the jaw of grab bucket tends to open unexpectedly, which has a major safety hazard. Especially when handling valuable or polluting materials, such accidental leakage may cause huge economic loss or environmental accident. Secondly, the jaw of traditional grab bucket lacks rigid mechanical interlocking after closing. Its closing force mainly depends on the hinge point and connecting rod mechanism to maintain, which is prone to deformation or shaking when bearing uneven load or impact, resulting in a decrease in closing force, and even material spilling. This not only reduces the work efficiency, but also aggravates the fatigue damage of the structure.

[0005] Therefore, the existing grab bucket cannot meet the requirements of high reliability, high safety and high efficiency at the same time. There is an urgent need for a new type of grab bucket which not only has the advantages of high power transmission efficiency and light weight of traditional rope grab bucket, but also realizes the powerful self-locking function of hydraulic system, and can still maintain a safe state when the power fails. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides a grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system, which solves the problems of insufficient reliability and insufficient efficiency in the related art.

[0007] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system, comprising: a top hanging plate; a grab bucket body comprising two symmetrically arranged bucket body bodies, a bucket body half gear fixed on the bucket body body, a hinge rod hinged to the bucket body body, a meshing half gear meshing with the bucket body half gear, and a bucket connecting frame; The pulley assembly comprises a pulling rope body, a fixing seat fixed on a top hanging plate, a guide pulley set, a first turning pulley, a second turning pulley, a top pulling block, a guide frame and a pulling rope connecting frame, the pulling rope body is connected with a connecting head on the pulling rope connecting frame after sequentially passing through the pulling rope connecting frame, the guide pulley set, the guide frame, the first turning pulley and the second turning pulley. The oil cylinder assembly comprises an oil cylinder body and an oil cylinder connecting shaft, and the two ends are respectively hinged with the top hanging plate and the hinged rod. When the pulling rope body is stressed, the two bucket body are closed by the pulley assembly, when the bucket half gear meshes with the meshing half gear, the oil cylinder assembly can adjust and self-lock the closed state of the grab bucket body, and when the oil cylinder assembly is decompressed, the grab bucket body is opened under the dead weight.

[0008] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the oil cylinder body of the oil cylinder assembly is a hydraulic oil cylinder, and a hydraulic lock is arranged in the oil circuit system of the hydraulic oil cylinder to realize self-locking of the oil cylinder assembly at any telescopic position.

[0009] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the meshing surface of the bucket half gear and the meshing half gear is an arc-shaped tooth surface that is accurately matched, when the two bucket bodies are closed, the bucket half gear and the meshing half gear are mutually meshed to form mechanical interlocking to share the locking load of the oil cylinder assembly.

[0010] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the tooth surface of the bucket half gear and the meshing half gear is coated with a wear-resistant coating.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the guide pulley set comprises a plurality of circumferentially arranged pulleys, and the pulling rope body passes through the pulleys in a multiple-winding manner to increase the mechanical benefit of the pulling rope body on the grab bucket body.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the present application, one end of the hinged rod is connected with the inner upper part of the bucket body through a first hinge point, and the other end is hinged with the top hanging plate.

[0013] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the inner side of the bucket body is provided with a grid-shaped or ribbed reinforcing rib.

[0014] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the pulling rope connecting frame and the bucket connecting frame are connected through a pin shaft, and the two ends of the oil cylinder assembly are respectively hinged with the top hanging plate and the hinged rod through pin shafts.

[0015] The working principle and beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: The application forms rigid mechanical interlocking when the mutually meshing arc-shaped tooth surface half gears are closed, effectively sharing the locking load; and the hydraulic lock in the oil cylinder assembly can be closed instantly when the oil circuit loses pressure, firmly fixing the piston rod, both of which constitute a mechanical and hydraulic double insurance, ensuring that the grab bucket can remain absolutely closed even in extreme working conditions of loose ropes or external power failure, eliminating the risk of accidental opening.

[0016] The application sets the pulley assembly and hinged rod, the pulley assembly amplifies the pulling force of the winch and converts it into powerful closing force, ensuring that the grab bucket can efficiently cut into the material, and after closing, the oil cylinder applies additional pressure to the grab bucket body through the hinged rod, eliminating the gap and pre-tightening the structure, which not only ensures reliable locking, but also realizes the efficient state of maintaining a large locking force with less hydraulic energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] Fig. 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application; Fig. 2 It is a side view of the overall structure of the application; Fig. 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pull rope connecting frame of the application; Fig. 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pulley assembly of the application; Fig. 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the oil cylinder assembly of the application; Fig. 6 It is a schematic diagram of the bucket body connecting structure of the application.

[0019] In the figure: 100, top hanging plate; 200, grab bucket body; 201, bucket body; 202, bucket half gear; 203, hinged rod; 204, meshing half gear; 205, reinforcing rib; 206, bucket connecting frame; 300, pulley assembly; 301, pull rope body; 302, fixed seat; 303, guide pulley set; 304, guide frame; 305, first steering pulley; 306, second steering pulley; 307, connecting head; 308, pull rope connecting frame; 309, top pull block.

[0020] 400, oil cylinder assembly; 401, oil cylinder body; 402, oil cylinder connecting shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example

[0023] like Figs. 1-6 As shown, a grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system includes a top hanging plate 100; The grab bucket body 200 includes two symmetrically arranged bucket bodies 201, a bucket half gear 202 fixed on the bucket body 201, a hinge rod 203 hinged to the bucket body 201, a meshing half gear 204 meshing with the bucket half gear 202, and a bucket connecting frame 206. The pulley assembly 300 includes a pull rope body 301, a fixing seat 302 fixed on the top hanging plate 100, a guide pulley group 303, a first steering pulley 305, a second steering pulley 306, a top pull block 309, a guide frame 304, and a pull rope connecting frame 308. The pull rope body 301 passes through the pull rope connecting frame 308, the guide pulley group 303, the guide frame 304, the first steering pulley 305, and the second steering pulley 306 in sequence and then connects to the connector 307 on the pull rope connecting frame 308. The hydraulic cylinder assembly 400 includes a hydraulic cylinder body 401 and a hydraulic cylinder connecting shaft 402, with its two ends respectively hinged to the top hanging plate 100 and the hinge rod 203. When the rope body 301 is under force, it drives the two bucket bodies 201 to close through the pulley assembly 300. When the bucket half gear 202 and the meshing half gear 204 are engaged and locked, the hydraulic cylinder assembly 400 can adjust and self-lock the closed state of the grab bucket body 200. When the hydraulic cylinder assembly 400 is depressurized, the grab bucket body 200 opens under its own weight.

[0024] The device begins with a top suspended plate 100, which serves as the connection base between the entire device and external lifting equipment. The grab bucket body 200 is suspended below it and consists of two symmetrical bucket bodies 201. Each bucket has a bucket half-gear 202 fixed to its top and is hinged to a hinge rod 203. The pull rope body 301 winds along a specific path: starting from the pull rope connecting frame 308, passing sequentially through the guide pulley group 303, guide frame 304, first steering pulley 305, and second steering pulley 306, finally fixing back to the connector 307 of the pull rope connecting frame 308. When the external winch retracts the pull rope body 301, this pulley system converts the horizontal tension into a vertical lifting force, acting on the pull rope connecting frame 308 and the bucket body connecting frame 206, forcing the two bucket bodies 201 to wind around the top structure. The hinge points rotate in opposite directions to achieve grabbing and closing. When the bucket is about to be fully closed, the bucket half gear 202 and the meshing half gear 204 mesh with each other to form a preliminary mechanical lock. After that, the hydraulic cylinder assembly 400 begins to take the lead. Its two ends of the hydraulic cylinder body 401 are respectively hinged to the top hanging plate 100 and the hinge rod 203. By extending the piston rod, pushing or pulling the hinge rod 203, an additional clamping force is applied to the closed grab bucket body 200. This state is firmly locked by its internal self-locking valve to ensure that even if the rope is slack during the transportation process, the grab bucket will not open accidentally. When unloading is required, the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder assembly 400 is released. Under the action of the internal material gravity and its own structural gravity, the grab bucket body 200 overcomes mechanical friction and opens by itself, completing one working cycle.

[0025] The cylinder body 401 of the cylinder assembly 400 is a hydraulic cylinder, and a hydraulic lock is provided in its oil circuit system to realize the self-locking of the cylinder assembly 400 at any extension or retraction position.

[0026] The cylinder body 401 is integrated or externally connected to a hydraulic circuit. A dedicated hydraulic lock, typically a hydraulically controlled check valve or a more precise hydraulic balance valve, is installed in the hydraulic line supplying oil to the cylinder body 401. When the external hydraulic system stops supplying oil or even when the oil line ruptures unexpectedly, the hydraulic lock can immediately and automatically close, sealing the hydraulic oil in the rodless and rod chambers of the cylinder body 401. Due to the almost incompressible nature of the liquid, any extension or retraction movement of the piston rod is prevented, thereby achieving safe self-locking of the cylinder assembly 400 in any extended or retracted position. This allows the grab bucket to remain tightly closed for a long time when closing to transport heavy materials, even if the hydraulic power source fails, greatly improving the safety and reliability of the equipment. The cylinder connecting shaft 402 ensures smooth force transmission between the cylinder and the hinge rod 203.

[0027] The meshing surfaces of the bucket body half gear 202 and the meshing half gear 204 are precisely matched arc-shaped tooth surfaces. When the two bucket bodies 201 are closed, the bucket body half gear 202 and the meshing half gear 204 mesh with each other to form a mechanical interlock, so as to share the locking load of the hydraulic cylinder assembly 400.

[0028] The bucket body half gear 202 and the meshing half gear 204 are arc-shaped tooth surface half gears, ensuring that when the two bucket bodies 201 rotate to the fully closed position under the action of the rope body 301, the tooth profiles of the two half gears can perfectly fit into each other's gaps. This meshing forms an efficient force transmission path. When the material inside the grab bucket tends to expand the bucket body, the force will be directly transmitted to the meshing half gear 204 through the tooth surface of the bucket body half gear 202, thereby converting the huge opening torque into contact stress between the gears, rather than being entirely borne by the hinge shaft and the hydraulic cylinder assembly 400. Together with the hydraulic cylinder assembly 400, they form a redundant locking device, sharing the locking load of the hydraulic cylinder and enhancing the structural stability and durability of the entire device when dealing with impact loads or overload conditions.

[0029] The tooth surfaces of the bucket body half gear 202 and the meshing half gear 204 are coated with a wear-resistant coating.

[0030] During each engagement and disengagement process, the tooth surfaces of the bucket body half gear 202 and the meshing half gear 204 are subjected to severe friction and impact. A high-performance wear-resistant coating is applied to the tooth surface. The coating can be a metal ceramic coating, a tungsten carbide-based coating, or other surface treatment materials with high hardness and low friction coefficient. It can effectively resist the grinding of material dust and the wear of the gears themselves during meshing, and prevent problems such as increased meshing clearance and decreased locking force caused by tooth surface wear.

[0031] The guide pulley block 303 includes multiple pulleys arranged in a circle. The rope body 301 passes around these pulleys in a multi-fold manner to increase its mechanical efficiency on the grab body 200.

[0032] The guide pulley block 303 is a pulley block composed of multiple circumferentially arranged pulleys. The pull rope body 301 bypasses these pulleys, requiring the pull rope body 301 to be pulled a long distance by the winch in order to move the pull rope connecting frame 308 and the connected grab bucket body 200 a relatively short distance. The pull rope body 301 generates a sufficiently strong closing force to drive the heavy bucket body 201 to overcome material resistance and achieve closure. The first steering pulley 305 and the second steering pulley 306 are responsible for guiding the force of the rope in the correct direction, ensuring that the entire transmission path is smooth and efficient.

[0033] One end of the hinge rod 203 is connected to the upper inner side of the bucket body 201 through the first hinge point, and the other end is hinged to the top hanging plate 100 through the hydraulic cylinder connecting shaft 402, forming the final adjustment and locking mechanism for the closed posture of the grab bucket body 200.

[0034] One end of the hinge rod 203 is connected to the bucket body via a first hinge point located on the upper inner side of the bucket body 201; the other end is hinged to the top hanging plate 100. The bottom of the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder body 401 is hinged to the top hanging plate 100. When the bucket body half-gear 202 and the meshing half-gear 204 initially mesh, an additional torque pointing in the closing direction is applied to the bucket body 201 via the hinge rod 203. This torque eliminates gear meshing backlash and puts the entire bucket structure in a pre-tensioned state.

[0035] The inner side of the bucket body 201 is provided with mesh-like or rib-like reinforcing ribs 205.

[0036] As the component that directly contacts and carries materials, the bucket body 201 endures enormous impacts, pressures, and wear. To control its weight while ensuring structural strength, reinforcing ribs 205 are installed on its inner side. The working principle of the reinforcing ribs 205 is to significantly increase the moment of inertia of the bucket body steel plate, thereby greatly improving its rigidity and resistance to bending and deformation. When the grab bucket cuts into a hard pile of materials or carries a heavy load, the reinforcing ribs 205 can effectively disperse local stress, preventing the bucket body 201 from bulging, denting, or undergoing irreversible plastic deformation, thus ensuring the long-term structural integrity and service life of the grab bucket.

[0037] The rope connecting frame 308 and the bucket body connecting frame 206 are connected by a pin, and the two ends of the cylinder assembly 400 are respectively hinged to the top hanging plate 100 and the hinge rod 203 by pins.

[0038] The rope connecting frame 308 and the bucket connecting frame 206 are connected by a heavy-duty pin. This pin is subjected to a huge closing force transmitted from the pulley assembly 300. Similarly, the two ends of the cylinder assembly 400 are also connected by pins: one end is hinged to the bottom of its cylinder on the ear plate of the top hanging plate 100 by a pin, and the other end is connected to the piston rod and the hinge rod 203 by the cylinder connecting shaft 402.

[0039] Working principle: The grab bucket body 200 is suspended below the hanging plate and consists of two symmetrically arranged bucket bodies 201. Each bucket body has a bucket half gear 202 fixed on its top and is hinged to a hinge rod 203. The pull rope body 301 of the pulley assembly 300 passes through a specific path: starting from the pull rope connecting frame 308, passing through the guide pulley group 303, the guide frame 304, the first steering pulley 305 and the second steering pulley 306 in sequence, and finally fixed back to the connector 307 on the pull rope connecting frame to form a closed loop. When the external winch retracts the main body of the pull rope, the horizontal tension is converted into a vertical lifting force through the pulley that passes through it multiple times. This force acts on the pull rope connecting frame 308 and the bucket body connecting frame 206, forcing the two bucket bodies to rotate towards each other around their hinge point, thus achieving grabbing and initial closing. At the end of the closing process, the bucket body half gear 202 and the meshing half gear 204 fixed on the bucket body mesh with each other with their matching arc-shaped tooth surfaces, forming an initial mechanical interlock, which effectively shares the subsequent locking load. Subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder assembly 400 begins to take the lead in operation. The cylinder body 401 is hinged to the top lifting plate 100 and the hinge rod 203 at both ends via pins, forming a four-bar linkage. The cylinder extends and applies additional clamping force to the pre-closed grab bucket through the hinge rod 203, eliminating gear meshing clearance and putting the bucket in a pre-tightened state. The hydraulic lock in the hydraulic circuit system can seal the oil in the cylinder cavity at any position, achieving reliable self-locking and ensuring that the grab bucket remains tightly closed during transportation even if external power fails. When unloading is required, the hydraulic pressure of the cylinder is released, and the grab bucket body opens automatically under the weight of the internal material and its own weight, overcoming mechanical friction. During this process, the mesh-like or rib-like reinforcing ribs 205 on the inner side of the bucket body 201 effectively disperse stress and prevent deformation, while the wear-resistant coating on the surface of the teeth of the bucket half gear 202 and the meshing half gear 204 resists the friction and impact during the meshing and separation process, ensuring the long-term reliability and service life of the device, thus completing a complete working cycle.

[0040] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system, characterized in that, include: Top hanging panel (100); The grab bucket body (200) includes two symmetrically arranged bucket bodies (201), a bucket half gear (202) fixed on the bucket body (201), a hinge rod (203) hinged to the bucket body (201), a meshing half gear (204) meshing with the bucket half gear (202), and a bucket connecting frame (206). The pulley assembly (300) includes a rope body (301), a fixing seat (302) fixed on the top hanging plate (100), a guide pulley group (303), a first steering pulley (305), a second steering pulley (306), a top pull block (309), a guide frame (304), and a rope connecting frame (308). The rope body (301) passes through the rope connecting frame (308), the guide pulley group (303), the guide frame (304), the first steering pulley (305), and the second steering pulley (306) in sequence and then connects to the connector (307) on the rope connecting frame (308). The cylinder assembly (400) includes a cylinder body (401) and a cylinder connecting shaft (402), with its two ends respectively hinged to the top hanging plate (100) and the hinge rod (203); When the rope body (301) is under force, it drives the two bucket bodies (201) to close through the pulley assembly (300). When the bucket half gear (202) and the meshing half gear (204) are engaged and locked, the hydraulic cylinder assembly (400) can adjust and self-lock the closed state of the grab bucket body (200). When the hydraulic cylinder assembly (400) is depressurized, the grab bucket body (200) opens under its own weight.

2. The grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder body (401) of the cylinder assembly (400) is a hydraulic cylinder, and a hydraulic lock is provided in its oil circuit system to realize the self-locking of the cylinder assembly (400) at any extension or retraction position.

3. The grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The meshing surfaces of the bucket body half gear (202) and the meshing half gear (204) are precisely matched arc-shaped tooth surfaces. When the two bucket bodies (201) are closed, the bucket body half gear (202) and the meshing half gear (204) mesh with each other to form a mechanical interlock, so as to share the locking load of the hydraulic cylinder assembly (400).

4. The grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The tooth surfaces of the bucket body half gear (202) and the meshing half gear (204) are coated with a wear-resistant coating.

5. The grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide pulley assembly (303) includes multiple circumferentially arranged pulleys, and the rope body (301) wraps around these pulleys in a multi-fold manner to increase its mechanical benefits on the grab bucket body (200).

6. The grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the hinge rod (203) is connected to the upper inner side of the bucket body (201) through the first hinge point, and the other end is hinged to the top hanging plate (100).

7. The grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the bucket body (201) is provided with mesh-like or rib-like reinforcing ribs (205).

8. The grab bucket opening and closing device based on a hydraulic system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rope connecting frame (308) and the bucket body connecting frame (206) are connected by a pin, and the two ends of the cylinder assembly (400) are respectively hinged to the top hanging plate (100) and the hinge rod (203) by pins.

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