Performance improvement mechanism and preparation method of modified Aga soil material
By introducing silane coupling agents and hydraulic lime into Aga soil to form stable chemical bonds, the problem of low strength and easy water seepage of Aga soil is solved, and the mechanical properties and water resistance of Aga soil material are improved, making it suitable for the protection and restoration of traditional Tibetan buildings.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511855468.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-10-09
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
Aga soil has low strength and is prone to water seepage, which leads to structural damage to Tibetan buildings under rainwater erosion, affecting building safety and cultural relic protection.
Modified agar materials were prepared by introducing silane coupling agents and hydraulic lime into agar to form stable chemical bonds, thereby improving interfacial bonding strength and water resistance.
It significantly improves the mechanical properties and water resistance of Aga soil, alleviates the leakage problem of traditional Aga soil, and maintains the simplicity and environmental friendliness of traditional tamping technology.
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Figure CN121573955A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the field of traditional building protection and cultural relic restoration, and particularly relates to a performance improvement mechanism and preparation method of modified Aga soil material. BACKGROUND
[0002] Aga soil is a unique rock-soil material existing in Tibet, China, mainly composed of quartz and calcite, and is applied to the outer lining of roofs, walls and floors of buildings in Tibet, with a very clean and beautiful appearance and distinctive ethnic characteristics. Due to the unique geographical environment of the Tibetan Plateau and the global warming in recent years, the rainfall in Tibet is increasing year by year, and the safety problem of Tibetan Aga soil buildings has attracted more and more attention. Aga soil has very low strength and is extremely prone to water penetration. Under the long-term penetration of rainwater, the internal structure will be eroded and damaged. Under various extreme weather conditions, Aga soil becomes rough and cracked, is prone to rainwater leakage, and thus causes the wood structure in the house to rot, the fresco to have hollowing and even large-area peeling, and causes immeasurable damage to cultural relics in Tibet.
[0003] In view of the defects of Aga soil, the main solution at present is to modify the Aga soil material to enhance its mechanical properties and durability, including calcination modification, addition of admixtures and waterproof layer, etc. The above modification methods have some shortcomings. The calcined modified Aga soil is still prone to water penetration, and the color of the Aga soil is changed. The addition of admixtures and waterproof layer leads to poor air permeability of the Aga soil, and the construction process is complicated, time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the practical application effect is not good.
[0004] Aga soil is a traditional building material in Tibet, and Aga soil buildings play an indispensable role in Tibetan culture. On the basis of not changing the original Aga soil, enhancing the mechanical properties and impermeability of the Aga soil is the key research direction. SUMMARY
[0005] To solve the above problems, the application discloses a performance improvement mechanism and preparation method of modified Aga soil material. A stable chemical bond is formed at the inorganic-organic interface through the reaction of a silane coupling agent, hydraulic lime and Aga soil material, so as to improve the interfacial bonding strength, mechanical properties and water resistance.
[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the application is as follows: A modified Aga soil material, the raw materials of which include a silane coupling agent, Aga soil, water, hydraulic lime, elm bark juice and clear oil, and the raw materials are matched in the following proportions by weight: Aga soil material 1850 parts Water 210 parts Silane coupling agent 0-6 parts Hydraulic lime 0-9 parts Ulmus cortex juice 15 parts Clear oil 10 parts The said Aga earth material is a natural Aga earth unique to Tibet, which is divided into coarse Aga earth, medium Aga earth and fine Aga earth according to particle size, and the particle size ranges are 3-4 cm, 1 cm-4.75 mm and <4.75 mm respectively, and the weight ratio of the three is 1:2:1; the silane coupling agent is KH550 series; the hydraulic lime is a powdered substance obtained by grinding calcined limestone; the Ulmus cortex juice is a liquid obtained by soaking Ulmus cortex in water; and the clear oil is flaxseed oil or rapeseed oil extracted from local plants in Tibet.
[0007] The preparation method of the modified Aga earth material of the application comprises the following steps: Firstly, the natural Aga earth is sieved into coarse Aga earth, medium Aga earth and fine Aga earth according to particle size; Secondly, the required amounts of Aga earth, water, silane coupling agent, hydraulic lime, Ulmus cortex juice and clear oil are weighed for use; Thirdly, the silane coupling agent with a concentration of 2% is configured into a silanol solution for standby use; Fourthly, the hydraulic lime is stirred uniformly with the Aga earth of each particle size at a mass ratio of 5‰ for standby use; Fifthly, the coarse Aga earth of the fourth step is uniformly laid in a mold with a thickness of 5-10 cm, the silanol solution is added in small amounts for several times while tamping, and then the medium and fine particle size Aga earths are gradually added and continuously tamped until the surface is flat to form an Aga earth block; Sixthly, the surface of the tamped Aga earth block is polished smooth and the surface is repeatedly wiped with Ulmus cortex juice; Seventhly, the treated Aga earth block is smeared with clear oil and cured to form.
[0008] The preparation method of the modified Aga earth is characterized in that, in the seventh step of the preparation method, water needs to be sprinkled regularly during the curing period, once in the morning and once in the evening every day, and the surface is covered with wet straw mats or linen cloth to avoid exposure to the sun and rainwater erosion, so that it is naturally dried, and a curing sign should be set to strictly prohibit people from entering, and the curing time is 7 days to one month.
[0009] The performance improvement mechanism of the modified argillaceous material is as follows: the silane coupling agent is dissolved in water to form a silanol (Si-OH) solution, which penetrates into the argillaceous soil after being sprayed, the hydraulic lime reacts with the argillaceous soil to generate cementitious products mainly in the form of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), thereby improving the bonding between argillaceous soil particles and the overall mechanical properties; the silanol (Si-OH) reacts with a large number of active hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the surface of the cementitious products to form a firm siloxane covalent bond (Si-O-Si) and enhance the structural stability; then, the silanol molecules crosslink and polymerize to form an organic silane polymer hydrophobic film on the surface of the argillaceous soil and the cementitious products, which effectively blocks water and improves the water resistance and impermeability of the argillaceous material. The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:
[0010] Based on the traditional Tibetan rammed forming process, the present application introduces silane coupling agent and hydraulic lime to significantly improve the mechanical properties and water resistance of argillaceous material. The hydraulic lime reacts with active ingredients in the argillaceous soil to generate gel mainly in the form of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) to fill pores and enhance the interfacial bonding between particles, thereby improving the strength and overall stability of the material. The silane coupling agent further reacts with the gel products and self-assembles a dense hydrophobic film on the surface, which can effectively inhibit water intrusion and significantly improve the poor water resistance and easy leakage of traditional argillaceous soil. The process of the present application is simple, green and environmentally friendly, and can significantly improve the mechanical properties and durability of argillaceous soil while maintaining the traditional ramming process, and has good popularization and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0011] Figure 1 The figure is a molding and testing diagram for the comparative example.
[0012] Figure 2 The figure is a molding and testing diagram for example 1.
[0013] Figure 3 The figure is a molding and testing diagram for example 2.
[0014] Figure 4 The figure is a molding and testing diagram for example 3.
[0015] Figure 5 The figure is a result diagram of the impermeability test. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The present application will be further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application.
[0017] A traditional Agatui test piece was prepared according to the raw material composition in Table 1 below, the 28-day compressive strength was tested according to the industry standard, the water permeability resistance was tested by using an asphalt pavement water permeability tester, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
[0018] Comparative example (no silane coupling agent, hydraulic lime): A preparation method of a traditional Agatui material, the specific steps comprising: (1) Agatui 1850 parts, water 210 parts, elm bark juice 15 parts, and clear oil 10 parts were weighed respectively for standby use; (2) The Agatui was sieved into three parts according to the particle size, wherein the coarse Agatui was laid on the bottom layer of the mold, and was rammed after being wetted with water, and during the ramming process, finer Agatui was gradually laid, and the solution was continuously sprayed, until the surface became flat to form an Agatui block; (3) The surface was polished using a tool, and after the surface became smooth, the surface was wiped with elm bark juice multiple times; (4) The clear oil was applied to the surface of the Agatui block, and was naturally cured for 28 days.
[0019] The 28-day compressive strength of the traditional Agatui obtained in the comparative example was 9.9 Mpa, and the 24h water permeability resistance was 89% measured by using an asphalt pavement water permeability tester, as shown in Table 2. Figure 1
[0020] Example 1 (no hydraulic lime): A preparation method of a modified Agatui material, the specific steps comprising: (1) Agatui 1850 parts, water 210 parts, silane coupling agent 4 parts, elm bark juice 15 parts, and clear oil 10 parts were weighed respectively for standby use.
[0021] (2) The Agatui was sieved into three parts according to the particle size, wherein the coarse Agatui was laid on the bottom layer of the mold, and the silane coupling agent was added to the water to form a solution, and the solution was sprayed to wet the Agatui, and during the ramming process, finer Agatui was gradually laid, and the solution was continuously sprayed, until the surface became flat to form an Agatui block; (3) The surface was polished using a tool, and after the surface became smooth, the surface was wiped with elm bark juice multiple times;
[0022] (4) The clear oil was applied to the surface of the Agatui block, and was naturally cured for 28 days.
[0023] The 28-day compressive strength of the traditional Agatui obtained in the comparative example was 9.9 Mpa, and the 24h water permeability resistance was 89% measured by using an asphalt pavement water permeability tester, as shown in Table 2. Figure 2 Example 2 (no silane coupling agent): A preparation method of modified argillaceous soil material, the specific steps comprising: (1) respectively take argillaceous soil 1850 parts, water 210 parts, hydraulic lime 9 parts, elm bark juice 15 parts, and clear oil 10 parts for standby; (2) screen the argillaceous soil according to particle size into three parts of coarse, medium and fine, wherein the coarse argillaceous soil is laid on the bottom layer of the mold, is wetted with water, and is tamped, in the tamping process, gradually lay finer argillaceous soil and hydraulic lime, and constantly sprinkle water, until the surface becomes flat to form argillaceous soil block; (3) use tools to polish the surface, and after the surface is smooth, use elm bark juice to wipe the surface multiple times; (4) apply clear oil to the surface of the argillaceous soil block, and naturally cure for 28 days.
[0024] According to the industry standard test 28 days, the compressive strength of the traditional argillaceous soil obtained in the comparative example is 12.3Mpa, and the 24h water permeability is 95.5% measured by using the asphalt pavement water permeability tester. Figure 3 As shown in Embodiment
[0025] A preparation method of modified argillaceous soil material, the specific steps comprising: (1) respectively take argillaceous soil 1850 parts, water 210 parts, silane coupling agent 6 parts, hydraulic lime 9 parts, elm bark juice 15 parts, and clear oil 10 parts for standby.
[0026] (2) screen the argillaceous soil according to particle size into three parts of coarse, medium and fine, wherein the coarse argillaceous soil is laid on the bottom layer of the mold, the silane coupling agent is added to water to prepare a solution, the solution is used to wet, and then tamped, in the tamping process, gradually lay finer argillaceous soil and hydraulic lime, and constantly sprinkle the solution, until the surface becomes flat to form argillaceous soil block; (3) use tools to polish the surface, and after the surface is smooth, use elm bark juice to wipe the surface multiple times.
[0027] (4) apply clear oil to the surface of the argillaceous soil block, and naturally cure for 28 days.
[0028] According to the industry standard test 28 days, the compressive strength of the traditional argillaceous soil obtained in the comparative example is 12.5Mpa, and the 24h water permeability is 97.5% measured by using the asphalt pavement water permeability tester. Figure 4 As shown in Table 1 Test material composition table (unit: part)
[0029] Table 2 28-day compressive strength (MPa) and water permeability test results, as shown in Figure 5 As shown in
[0030] The compressive strength is converted from the rebound value measured by the rebound hammer, and from the results, the strength of example 3 is improved by 26.2% compared with the comparative example, and examples 1 and 2 are also improved compared with the comparative example, and example 3 is the best.
[0031] The permeability test uses an asphalt pavement water permeability tester, injects clean water into the vector cylinder to a specified height (150ml), opens the valve, starts the stopwatch at the same time, records the water surface drop data at 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 6h and 24h respectively, and takes the average value of the experimental results obtained from the three measuring points as the permeability index of this test surface. From the figure, the water permeability of the comparative example and the three examples increases with the extension of soaking time, but the increase rate of the examples is significantly lower than that of the traditional Aga soil. The water permeability of the comparative example increases sharply (14→44mL) at 6-24h, indicating that the structure is easy to deteriorate under long-term soaking, while the best example 3 still maintains stable low water permeability (6→10mL). The mechanical performance index and the permeability index of the modified Aga soil in examples 1 to 3 are improved compared with the traditional Aga soil, among which, the strength of example 3 is improved by 26.2% compared with the comparative example, and the permeability is improved by 9.55%. It is shown that the incorporation of silane coupling agent and hydraulic lime into Aga soil can improve the mechanical properties and water resistance of Aga soil to a certain extent.
[0032] In summary, the present application introduces silane coupling agent and hydraulic lime into traditional Aga soil, so that the inorganic cementation reaction and the organic silane interface reaction synergistically act, realizing the dual improvement of the mechanical properties and water resistance of Aga soil material. The hydration product of hydraulic lime can fill the pores and improve the interface structure, thereby improving the strength and stability of the material; the silane coupling agent can form a hydrophobic organic silicon network on the surface of Aga soil and cementation product, effectively reducing the capillary water absorption rate and improving the permeability. The test results show that the modification method described in the present application can significantly improve the durability of Aga soil while maintaining the traditional ramming process and the appearance characteristics of the material, providing a feasible material improvement scheme for the repair and protection of Tibetan buildings, and having good engineering application value.
Claims
1. A modified agar clay material, characterized in that, Its raw materials include silane coupling agent, argillaceous clay, water, hydraulic lime, elm bark sap, and clear oil. The raw material composition by weight is as follows: 1850 portions of Aga soil materials 210 parts water 0-6 parts of silane coupling agent 0-9 parts of hydraulic lime 15 portions of elm bark juice 10 parts of clear oil The Aga soil material mentioned is a natural Aga soil unique to the Tibetan region. According to the particle size, it is divided into coarse Aga soil, medium Aga soil and fine Aga soil, with particle sizes ranging from 3 to 4 cm, 1 cm to 4.75 mm and < 4.75 mm, respectively. The weight ratio of the three is 1:2:
1. The silane coupling agent is KH550 series. The hydraulic lime is a powdery substance obtained by grinding limestone after calcination. The elm bark juice is the liquid obtained by soaking elm bark in water. The clear oil is flaxseed oil or rapeseed oil extracted from local Tibetan plants.
2. A method for preparing the modified agar material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method includes the following steps: The first step is to sieve the natural Aga soil into coarse Aga soil, medium Aga soil and fine Aga soil according to the particle size; The second step is to weigh out the required amounts of Aga soil, water, silane coupling agent, hydraulic lime, elm bark juice, and clear oil for later use. The third step is to prepare a silane coupling agent solution with water at a concentration of 2% for later use. The fourth step is to mix the hydraulic lime and the various particle sizes of Aga soil at a mass ratio of 5‰ and set them aside. The fifth step is to evenly spread the coarse Aga soil from the fourth step into the mold, with a thickness of 5-10 cm. Add the silanol solution in small amounts several times while tamping it down. Then gradually add medium and fine-grained Aga soil and continue tamping until the surface is flat, forming Aga soil blocks. The sixth step is to use tools to smooth the surface of the compacted aga soil blocks and repeatedly wipe the surface with elm bark juice. Step 7: Apply clear oil to the processed clay blocks and allow them to cure and take shape.
3. The method for preparing modified agar clay according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seventh step in the preparation method is to water the surface regularly during the curing period, once in the morning and once in the evening, and cover the surface with wet straw mats or burlap to avoid exposure to the sun and rain, allowing it to dry naturally. A clear sign should be set up prohibiting people from walking on it. The curing time is 7 days to one month.
4. The performance improvement mechanism of modified aga clay materials, characterized by: Silane coupling agent dissolves in water to form a silanol (Si-OH) solution, which is sprayed and then compacted into the Aga soil. Hydraulic lime reacts with the Aga soil to form a pozzolanic reaction, generating a cementitious product mainly composed of hydrated calcium silicate (CSH), which improves the interparticle bonding and overall mechanical properties of the Aga soil. The silanol (Si-OH) undergoes a dehydration condensation reaction with a large number of active hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the surface of the cementitious product to form strong siloxane covalent bonds (Si-O-Si) and enhance structural stability. Subsequently, the silanol molecules themselves undergo cross-linking polymerization to form a hydrophobic film of organosilane polymer on the surface of the Aga soil and cementitious product, which effectively blocks moisture and improves the water resistance and impermeability of the Aga soil material.