Method for replacing bridge support of viaduct

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for replacing a bridge support of a viaduct, which comprises a first stage, a second stage and a third stage, a jacking mechanism and a temporary cushion block are placed on the two sides, in the length direction of a beam body, of the to-be-replaced bridge support correspondingly so as to support the beam body; the second stage comprises the steps that the beam body is jacked through the jacking mechanism, a bolt on the second side of the to-be-replaced bridge support is dismantled, then the to-be-replaced bridge support is dismantled, and the jacking mechanism is reset to enable the beam body to return to the position before jacking; and the third stage comprises the steps that the beam body is jacked again through the jacking mechanism, a new bridge support is installed, and the new bridge support is fixed through bolts. According to the bridge support replacing method, on the premise that safety is guaranteed, bridge support replacing construction can be conducted in different time periods in a staged mode, and traffic jam caused by long-time continuous closed construction is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of elevated bridge maintenance, and specifically to a method for replacing bridge bearings of elevated bridges. Background Technology

[0002] During long-term service, elevated bridge bearings are prone to aging, deformation, and damage due to repeated loads and environmental erosion. If not replaced in a timely manner, these issues can affect the structural stability of the bridge and traffic safety. Current bridge bearing replacement methods typically involve closing the affected section of the bridge before lifting the entire bridge structure for replacement. This method requires prolonged and continuous closure of the bridge section, leading to traffic congestion and disrupting urban transportation. The social costs and impacts of such closures are extremely high, particularly on main roads, cross-river bridges, or urban rail transit systems.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a bridge bearing replacement construction method that can be carried out efficiently in confined spaces during low traffic hours or nighttime shutdown periods, reducing traffic impact and ensuring construction safety and accuracy, in order to solve the pain points of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, which requires long-term continuous closure of bridge sections for replacing bridge bearings, resulting in traffic congestion. The present invention provides a method for replacing bridge bearings of elevated bridges, which can realize construction in short time intervals and carry out phased construction during low traffic periods, thereby avoiding long-term continuous closure of bridge sections and affecting traffic.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge. The elevated bridge includes piers and beams. Bridge bearings are provided on the piers to support the beams. The bridge bearings are fixed to the piers with bolts, including bolts on a first side and bolts on a second side located on both sides of the bridge bearing in the width direction of the beam. The replacement method includes a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage performed sequentially in time intervals.

[0007] The first stage includes: removing the bolts on the first side of the bridge bearing to be replaced, and placing the jacking mechanism and temporary pads on both sides of the bridge bearing to be replaced along the length and width of the beam to support the beam.

[0008] The second stage includes: lifting the beam body using the lifting mechanism, removing the bolts on the second side of the bridge support to be replaced, then removing the bridge support to be replaced, and resetting the lifting mechanism to restore the beam body to its position before lifting;

[0009] The third stage includes: lifting the beam again using a jacking mechanism, installing new bridge supports, and fixing the new bridge supports with bolts.

[0010] In this solution, the bridge bearing replacement method of this application is adopted. Under the premise of ensuring safety, the bridge bearing replacement construction can be carried out in stages at different times. The construction period is arranged during low traffic hours at night or during shutdown windows to avoid traffic congestion caused by long-term continuous closure construction, thereby effectively reducing the interference of bridge bearing replacement on social traffic.

[0011] Preferably, in the first stage, before removing the bolts on the first side of the bridge bearing to be replaced, the following steps are also included: constructing a work platform near the pier of the bridge bearing to be replaced, so that construction personnel can clean the surrounding area of ​​the bridge bearing to be replaced and install construction equipment.

[0012] Preferably, the replacement method involves removing and installing bolts on the bridge bearing to be replaced using bolt removal and installation equipment.

[0013] Prior to the first stage, the following steps are also included:

[0014] The information of the viaduct for the bridge bearing to be replaced is obtained, and the bolts of the bridge bearing to be replaced are simulated to be removed by the bolt removal and installation equipment. The torque information of the bolt removal and installation equipment when removing the bolts of the bridge bearing to be replaced is obtained, and the working torque of the bolt removal equipment for removing and installing bolts is set according to the obtained torque information.

[0015] In this plan, by obtaining information about the viaduct whose bridge bearings need to be replaced in advance, and preparing for dismantling and assembly, the construction progress can be accelerated, ensuring that each construction stage is completed within a controllable time, and avoiding the delay in road closure due to unfamiliarity with the operation, which would affect subsequent traffic flow.

[0016] Preferably, the bolt removal and installation equipment includes a movable main body, a torque wrench assembly, a camera module, and a control module, wherein the torque wrench assembly, the camera module, and the control module are all mounted on the movable main body;

[0017] The torque wrench assembly includes an operating arm and a torque wrench. One end of the operating arm is mounted on the movable body, and the other end of the operating arm is mounted on the torque wrench. The operating arm is used to fix the torque wrench to the bolt to be disassembled or installed. The torque wrench is used to rotate the bolt to be disassembled or installed according to a preset torque.

[0018] The camera module is used to acquire image information around the movable body, so that the operator can control the movable body to move or align and fix the torque wrench with the bolt to be disassembled and assembled based on the image information;

[0019] The control module is connected to the movable body and the torque wrench assembly, and the control module is also connected to a remote operating mechanism, which is used to control the movable body and the torque wrench assembly through the control module.

[0020] In this solution, the aforementioned structure allows a movable main body to directly deliver a torque wrench assembly for bolt removal and installation to the vicinity of the bridge bearing to be disassembled or installed. Then, a camera module assists a remote operating mechanism in controlling the operating arm to align the torque wrench with the bearing bolt, enabling the wrench to remove or install bolts according to the corresponding removal or installation torque. This bolt removal and installation equipment allows for precise alignment of the torque wrench with the bearing bolt during removal or installation, avoiding the disadvantages of blind removal and installation. Simultaneously, the torque wrench allows for control of the removal and installation torque, preventing bolt stripping or compromised installation accuracy, which could affect the service life of the bridge bearing. Furthermore, utilizing the movable main body and torque wrench for bolt removal and installation significantly improves work efficiency, avoids the risks of manual operation in confined spaces, and enhances safety.

[0021] Preferably, the bolt removal and installation equipment further includes a torque detection module, which is connected to the control module and is used to detect the torque of the torque wrench during operation.

[0022] In this solution, the torque detection module can provide real-time feedback on the torque information during the installation and removal of the support bolts, so as to make timely adjustments and avoid the torque wrench encountering resistance exceeding the rated torque, which could lead to damage to the torque wrench or stripping of the bolt threads.

[0023] Preferably, the torque detection module includes a torque sensor, which is disposed at the connection between the torque wrench and the operating arm.

[0024] In this solution, the above structure is used to ensure that the collected torque data is true and accurate.

[0025] Preferably, the camera module includes multiple cameras, and the movable body, the operating arm, and the torque wrench are all equipped with the cameras.

[0026] In this solution, the above structure and multiple cameras enable real-time display of the surrounding environment of the bolt disassembly and assembly equipment, as well as the connection between the torque wrench and the support bolt, ensuring disassembly and assembly efficiency.

[0027] Preferably, the torque wrench includes a first connecting arm, a second connecting arm, and a bolt fastener. The operating arm and the first connecting arm are driven to rotate by a motor. The second connecting arm is telescopically mounted on the first connecting arm. The operating arm is rotatably connected to the movable body by a motor. The second connecting arm is provided with a connector for mounting the bolt fastener.

[0028] In this solution, the above structure enables the tilt and telescopic adjustment of the operating arm, ensuring precise connection between the torque wrench and the support bolt.

[0029] Preferably, the movable body is provided with a turntable, and the operating arm is mounted on the turntable.

[0030] In this solution, the above structure enables the horizontal rotation adjustment of the operating arm, making it easier for the bolt removal and installation equipment to select a suitable parking position for removal and installation operations according to the site environment.

[0031] Preferably, the bolt removal and installation equipment includes a laser positioning module, which is disposed on the torque wrench and used to determine whether the torque wrench is aligned with the bolt to be removed or installed.

[0032] In this solution, a laser positioning module is used to quickly connect the torque wrench to the bolt to be disassembled, improving disassembly and assembly efficiency and accuracy.

[0033] Preferably, the movable body includes liftable support wheels, which are located at the bottom of the movable body.

[0034] In this solution, the height of the movable main body is adjusted by setting up liftable support wheels, which makes it easier for the movable main body to cross obstacles.

[0035] Preferably, the movable body includes hydraulic cylinder legs, and a plurality of hydraulic cylinder legs are respectively provided on the top and bottom of the movable body.

[0036] In this solution, hydraulic cylinder outriggers ensure that the machine body is stable and resists the reaction force generated when the bolt removal and assembly equipment is being installed and disassembled.

[0037] Preferably, the movable body is equipped with a ranging sensor at both its front and rear ends.

[0038] In this solution, a distance sensor is installed to detect obstacles in front in real time, thus preventing collisions when the bolt removal and installation equipment is moved.

[0039] Preferably, the movable body or the operating arm is provided with a lighting device.

[0040] Preferably, an electromagnetic chuck is provided at one end of the operating arm where the torque wrench is mounted, and a bolt storage box is provided on the movable body.

[0041] Preferably, the movable body adopts a flat wheel or track-type movement structure.

[0042] Preferably, after the new bridge bearing is fixed with bolts, the third stage further includes the following steps: performing leveling layer grouting to connect the upper and lower steel plates of the new bridge bearing to the beam body through grouting.

[0043] In this scheme, the connection stability of the new bridge bearings is enhanced after installation by performing leveling layer grouting.

[0044] Preferably, in the third stage, the new bridge bearing is transported to the installation position for installation by a track sliding device;

[0045] The track sliding device includes a guide rail assembly and a movable seat. The guide rail assembly includes two parallel guide rails. The two opposite ends of the movable seat are movably connected to the two guide rails respectively. The movable seat is used to place the bridge support.

[0046] The track sliding device further includes an adjustment mechanism, which is mounted on the guide rail assembly and includes an adjustment rod;

[0047] One end of the adjusting rod is connected to the movable seat and used to drive the movable seat to move on the guide rail assembly, or one end of the adjusting rod is used to push the bridge support to make the movable seat move on the guide rail assembly.

[0048] In this solution, the aforementioned structure is used. When the bridge bearing is transported to the installation position via the track sliding device, two guide rails are first fixed in the area between the bridge's cap beam or pier and the beam body. The bridge bearing is then placed on the movable seat, and the position of the movable seat is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to ensure that the bridge bearing is stably placed in the corresponding installation position. This track sliding device significantly reduces the difficulty of replacing bridge bearings, improves replacement efficiency, and effectively avoids collision damage to the bridge bearings or the bridge's piers and cap beams.

[0049] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes a guide member disposed between the two guide rails, and the guide member has a guide hole. The axial direction of the guide hole is parallel to the extension direction of the guide rail, and the end of the adjusting rod away from the movable seat passes through the guide hole.

[0050] Preferably, the guide includes a connector, the two ends of which are fixedly connected to the two guide rails respectively, and the guide hole is provided in the middle of the connector.

[0051] Preferably, the guide hole is a threaded hole, and the adjusting rod is connected to the threaded hole by a thread.

[0052] In this solution, the threaded engagement structure allows the adjusting rod to precisely fine-tune the movement distance of the mounting base, ensuring that the new bridge bearing is precisely aligned with the installation reference of the bearing installation position, thus guaranteeing the installation quality of the bridge bearing.

[0053] Preferably, the guide rail includes a guide portion and a mounting portion, the guide portion and the mounting portion are arranged perpendicularly, and the mounting portions of the two guide rails are arranged parallel to each other.

[0054] Preferably, the guide rail is made of angle steel or channel steel.

[0055] Preferably, both guide rails are provided with multiple mounting holes.

[0056] Preferably, the movable seat is provided with pulleys, which are slidably mounted on the guide rail.

[0057] In this solution, by installing pulleys on the movable seat, the movement of the movable seat becomes easier.

[0058] Preferably, a limiting member is provided at one end of the guide rail assembly away from the adjustment mechanism, the limiting member being used to prevent the movable seat from moving.

[0059] In this solution, by setting limiting components, the bridge bearings can be positioned quickly, while preventing them from detaching from the guide rails during the moving and installation process, thus avoiding construction risks.

[0060] Preferably, the movable seat is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate, which is slidably disposed on the guide rail.

[0061] Based on common knowledge in the field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0062] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows: the bridge bearing replacement method of this application can carry out the bridge bearing replacement construction in stages at different times under the premise of ensuring safety. The construction period is arranged during low traffic hours at night or during shutdown windows, avoiding traffic congestion caused by long-term continuous closure construction, thereby effectively reducing the interference of bridge bearing replacement on social traffic. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for replacing bridge supports of an elevated bridge according to the present invention.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the jacks and temporary pads during the dismantling of bridge supports in this invention.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the jacks and temporary pads during the dismantling of bridge supports in this invention.

[0066] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the construction structure for leveling layer grouting in this invention.

[0067] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tracked bolt disassembly and assembly equipment in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A top view of the bolt removal and assembly equipment.

[0069] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A side view of the hydraulic cylinder support leg of the bolt removal and assembly equipment in use.

[0070] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of another type of wheeled bolt removal and installation device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the track sliding device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Side view of the middle track sliding device.

[0073] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0074] Beam 1

[0075] Pier 2

[0076] Bridge bearing 3

[0077] 31 steel plate on the support

[0078] 32 steel plate under support

[0079] Jack 4

[0080] Temporary pad 5

[0081] Support bolt 6

[0082] Bolt sleeve 7

[0083] baffle 8

[0084] Grouting equipment 9

[0085] Grouting material layer 91

[0086] Movable Entity 10

[0087] Operating arm 20

[0088] Torque wrench 30

[0089] First connecting arm 301

[0090] Second connecting arm 302

[0091] Bolt fastener 303

[0092] Control Module 40

[0093] Hydraulic cylinder support leg 50

[0094] First guide rail 101

[0095] Second guide rail 102

[0096] Mobile seat 103

[0097] Adjusting rod 104

[0098] Connector 105

[0099] Adjusting nut 106

[0100] Limiting component 107 Detailed Implementation

[0101] The present invention will be further illustrated by way of embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0102] like Figure 1-3 As shown, Figure 1 The arrow in the diagram points to the direction of traffic on the bridge, which is also the length direction of beam 1. Figure 2The arrow in the diagram points in the width direction of beam 1. This embodiment discloses a method for replacing bridge bearings 3 in an elevated bridge. The elevated bridge includes piers and beam 1. Bridge bearings 3 are provided on the piers to support beam 1. The bridge bearings 3 are fixed to the piers with bolts, including bolts on a first side and bolts on a second side of the bridge bearings 3 in the width direction of beam 1. The replacement method includes a first stage, a second stage, and a third stage performed sequentially in time intervals:

[0103] The first stage includes: removing the bolts on the first side of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced, and placing the jacking mechanism and temporary pads 5 on both sides of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced along the length and width of the beam 1 to support the beam 1.

[0104] The second stage includes: lifting the beam 1 using a jacking mechanism, removing the bolts on the second side of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced, removing the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced, and resetting the jacking mechanism to restore the beam 1 to its position before jacking.

[0105] The third stage includes: lifting the beam 1 again using a jacking mechanism, installing the new bridge support 3, and fixing the new bridge support 3 with bolts.

[0106] By adopting the bridge bearing 3 replacement method of this application, the bridge bearing 3 replacement construction can be carried out in stages at different times under the premise of ensuring safety. The construction time is arranged during low traffic hours at night or during shutdown windows, avoiding traffic congestion caused by long-term continuous closure construction, thereby effectively reducing the interference of bridge bearing 3 replacement on social traffic.

[0107] The core of the construction method for replacing bridge bearing 3 in this application is to carry out the entire process by utilizing the low-traffic, short-term traffic closures or nighttime shutdown windows, and then restoring normal traffic during the day. Therefore, sufficient research and preparation are required before replacing bridge bearing 3, and professional construction equipment must be used to ensure that each stage is completed smoothly and on time.

[0108] Prior to the first stage, the following steps are included: obtaining information about the viaduct of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced; simulating the removal of the bolts of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced using bolt removal equipment; obtaining the torque information of the bolt removal equipment when removing the bolts of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced; and setting the working torque of the bolt removal equipment for removing and installing bolts based on the obtained torque information. By obtaining the information about the viaduct of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced in advance and preparing for dismantling and assembly, the construction progress can be accelerated, ensuring that each construction stage is completed within a controllable time, and avoiding prolonged road closure time and subsequent traffic disruptions due to unfamiliarity with the operation.

[0109] Specifically, before commencing formal construction, the following pre-construction preparations and planning are required:

[0110] (1) Traffic survey and window period determination: Based on the current traffic operation status of existing bridges, determine the duration of short-term traffic closure at night (generally 4-6 hours) or the nighttime suspension window period, and report the closure plan to the traffic management department at the same time, and clarify the traffic diversion routes and the location of warning signs;

[0111] (2) Survey of the bridge and bridge bearing 3: By surveying the as-built data of the bridge and conducting on-site surveys of the existing bridge bearing 3 to be replaced, obtain its model, location, degree of damage, etc., measure the specifications (diameter, length, thread type), quantity and distribution of the bearing bolts 6 connected to the steel plate of the bridge bearing 3; test the structural strength of the beam 1 of the bridge and the flatness of the pad stone of the bridge bearing 3, and record the key parameters for subsequent construction scheme design.

[0112] (3) Preparation of construction equipment and materials: Since the space where the bridge bearing 3 is located is relatively narrow, construction personnel cannot enter to remove and install the bearing bolt 6. Special bolt removal and installation equipment can be prepared to remove and install the bearing bolt 6. The specific structure of the bolt removal and installation equipment is described in detail below.

[0113] Since the replacement method in this application requires phased construction, it is necessary to ensure the normal operation of the bridge between the two construction phases, as well as the removal and installation of bridge bearings 3. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare equipment for lifting and supporting beam 1 in advance. When preparing the relevant equipment, it is necessary to select an appropriate number and specifications of lifting mechanisms according to the weight of beam 1 to be lifted, and reserve sufficient margin: based on the space around the bridge bearings, the jack dimensions are designed to be 800×100×80mm (length×width×height), with a lifting force of 250 tons. Assuming that the weight of the superstructure beam 1 to be lifted is about 400 tons, two jacks 4 are set on each pier 2 or cap beam at both ends of beam 1, and jacks 4 with a lifting force of 250 tons can be selected. In this way, about 200 tons are at one end of beam 1, and the sum of the lifting forces of the two jacks 4 is 500 tons, and the safety factor can reach 2.5 times. To further ensure safety, high-strength temporary pads 5 (made of Q355 steel, with dimensions customized according to the lifting height and the contact surface of the beam 1, and a surface flatness error ≤0.2mm) can be prepared. After the jacks 4 lift the beam 1 into place, the temporary pads 5 are installed for support, serving as a second safety measure for the jacks 4.

[0114] Auxiliary materials: new bridge bearing 3 (model consistent with design requirements, load-bearing capacity tested before leaving the factory), high-strength connecting bolts (with matching anti-loosening washers), rust remover, cleaning agent, torque wrench, etc.

[0115] (4) Equipment debugging and simulation exercise: In an open area of ​​the factory or construction site, simulate the installation position of the support bolt 6 of the bridge support 3, debug the movement accuracy of the special bolt disassembly and assembly equipment and the alignment accuracy of the operating arm, and preset the torque parameters for disassembling and tightening the support bolt 6 (refer to the torque calculation formula: set the length of the operating arm of the socket wrench to L1, and if an adapter is added, the length of the adapter is L2, and the actual torque is M=(Mset*L1) / (L1+L2), where Mset is the set torque); perform pressure testing and stroke debugging on the jack 4 to ensure that the lifting speed can be controlled within 0.3-0.5mm / min.

[0116] After the above preparations were completed, the first phase of construction began.

[0117] In the first stage, before removing the bolts on the first side of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced, the following steps are also included: setting up a working platform near the pier of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced, so that construction workers can clean the area around the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced and install construction equipment.

[0118] The specific steps for setting up the work platform are as follows:

[0119] (1) Preparation for entry: During low traffic hours at night (e.g., 23:00), according to the reported plan, set up reflective warning cones, speed limit signs, and "Construction ahead" signs at both ends of the closed section of the bridge, and arrange traffic control personnel to guide vehicles to detour; if it is a scenario where rail transit bridges or other facilities need to be shut down, close the work area after confirming that no vehicles are passing through after the shutdown window begins.

[0120] (2) Erection of the outer working platform: The site is leveled to serve as the foundation for the construction working platform. A modular, detachable steel structure platform is used as the working platform. The uprights and longitudinal and transverse bars of the working platform use steel pipes as the main skeleton components, and the first horizontal bar serves as the ground bracing. The spacing between the uprights is adjusted according to the width of the uprights on site, and is generally arranged with a specification of 900mm. The safety and stability of the scaffolding are ensured by using a column clamping connection method.

[0121] After the work platform is set up, the removal of the support bolts 6 can begin. Generally, there are 1-2 bridge supports 3 at one end of each beam 1. If there is only one bridge support 3 at one end of the beam 1, when removing the support bolts 6, first remove the support bolts 6 on one side of the bridge in the direction of traffic. If there are two bridge supports 3 at one end of the beam 1, when removing the support bolts 6, first remove the support bolts 6 on the inner side of the two bridge supports 3.

[0122] When removing the bearing bolt 6, a special bolt removal and installation device is used to remove the bearing bolt 6 of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced.

[0123] In this embodiment, as Figure 5-7 As shown, the bolt removal and installation equipment includes a movable body 10, a torque wrench assembly, a camera module, and a control module 40. All three components are mounted on the movable body 10. The torque wrench assembly includes an operating arm 20 and a torque wrench 30. One end of the operating arm 20 is mounted on the movable body 10, and the other end is fitted with the torque wrench 30. The operating arm 20 is used to fix the torque wrench 30 to the bolt to be removed or installed. The torque wrench 30 is used to rotate the bolt according to a preset torque for removal or installation. The camera module is used to acquire visual information about the surrounding area of ​​the movable body 10, allowing the operator to control the movement of the movable body 10 or to align and fix the torque wrench 30 to the bolt to be removed or installed based on the visual information. The control module 40 is connected to the movable body 10 and the torque wrench 30 assembly, and also to a remote operating mechanism. The remote operating mechanism controls the movable body 10 and the torque wrench 30 assembly through the control module 40.

[0124] This application uses a movable body 10 to directly deliver a torque wrench 30 for bolt removal and installation to the vicinity of the bridge bearing 3 to be disassembled or installed. Then, a camera module assists a remote operating mechanism to control the operating arm 20 to align the torque wrench 30 with the bearing bolt 6, allowing the torque wrench 30 to remove or install bolts according to the corresponding removal or installation torque. This bolt removal and installation equipment allows for precise alignment of the torque wrench 30 with the bearing bolt 6 during removal or installation, avoiding the disadvantages of blind removal and installation. Simultaneously, the torque wrench 30 can control the removal and installation torque, preventing bolt stripping or compromised installation accuracy, which could affect the service life of the bridge bearing 3. Furthermore, utilizing the movable body 10 and the extendable torque wrench 30 for bolt removal and installation significantly improves work efficiency, avoids the risks of manual operation in confined spaces, and enhances safety.

[0125] Specifically, in this embodiment, the outer shell of the movable main body 10 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-corrosion coating sprayed on the surface. It adopts a tracked movement structure with anti-slip rubber protrusions on the track surface to adapt to contact surfaces of different materials such as concrete and steel plates around the bridge bearing 3, ensuring stable movement on inclined (maximum inclination angle 30°) or smooth surfaces. The bolt removal and installation equipment is sized to meet the needs of entering and exiting the narrow spaces around the bridge bearing 3, such as an overall height not exceeding 70mm, a width not exceeding 90mm, and a length of 180-220mm. Simultaneously, the bottom of the main body is equipped with liftable support wheels with a lifting stroke of 0-20mm, allowing it to cross obstacles with a height difference of no more than 15mm, such as the edge of the bridge bearing 3 and pre-embedded bolt heads, by adjusting the height of the support wheels. Embedded hydraulic cylinder support legs 50 are provided at both the bottom and top front and rear ends of the movable main body 10. These legs are controlled by the extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinders to stabilize the main body structure. During operation, they are firmly fixed to the bottom surface of the beam 1 and the plane of the cap beam or pier 2, preventing slippage of the bolt removal and installation equipment when operating on inclined contact surfaces (inclination angle ≤ 10°), ensuring the stability of the machine body and resisting the reaction force generated when the torque wrench 30 is turned. The movable main body 10 is also equipped with magnetic counterweights (weighing 500-800g). The counterweights can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the height of the working space to ensure that the overall height of the bolt removal and installation equipment does not exceed the limit. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the movable body 10 can also adopt a wheeled mobility structure.

[0126] In this embodiment, the torque wrench 30 includes a first connecting arm 301, a second connecting arm 302, and a bolt fixing member 303. The operating arm 20 and the first connecting arm 301 are driven to rotate by a motor. The second connecting arm 302 is telescopically mounted on the first connecting arm 301. The operating arm 20 is connected to the movable body 10 by a motor-driven rotation. The second connecting arm 302 is provided with a joint for mounting the bolt fixing member 303.

[0127] With the above structure, the operating arm 20 is mounted on the turntable of the movable main body 10, enabling horizontal rotation adjustment of the operating arm 20. This allows the bolt removal and installation equipment to select a suitable parking position for removal and installation operations based on the site environment. Through the cooperation of the first connecting arm 301, the second connecting arm 302, and the operating arm 20, the torque wrench 30 can be adjusted for pitch and extension, ensuring precise alignment between the torque wrench 30 and the support bolt. The first connecting arm 301 and the second connecting arm 302 are extendable and retractable; for example, the maximum length is 60cm, and the retracted length is 30cm, meeting the removal and installation needs of bolts at different distances. A connector for installing the bolt fixing member 303 is provided on the second connecting arm 302, allowing for replacement of the corresponding bolt fixing member 303 according to the specifications of the bolts being removed. For example, if the bolt to be removed is M16, an M16 bolt sleeve can be installed on the connector. The bolt fixing member 303 can be selected as a sleeve-type bolt connector or a claw-type bolt connector, depending on the requirements. In this embodiment, an electromagnetic chuck is provided at one end of the operating arm 20 where the torque wrench 30 is mounted, which can grasp and transfer bolts, preventing bolts from falling and being lost in confined spaces. A bolt storage box is provided on the top of the movable main body 10, enabling the orderly storage and retrieval of bolts.

[0128] In this embodiment, the torque wrench 30 is driven by a servo motor, which adapts to the disassembly and assembly requirements of bolts of different specifications according to the torque output range and speed. The servo motor has an overload protection function. When the torque wrench 30 encounters resistance exceeding the rated torque, it automatically stops operating and sends an alarm signal to the remote control terminal to prevent damage to the torque wrench 30.

[0129] In this embodiment, the bolt removal and installation equipment also includes a torque detection module, which is connected to the control module 40. The torque detection module is used to detect the torque of the torque wrench 30 during operation. The torque detection module can provide real-time feedback on the torque information during the removal and installation of the support bolt 6, allowing for timely adjustments and preventing the torque wrench 30 from encountering resistance exceeding its rated torque, which could lead to damage to the torque wrench 30 or stripping of the bolt threads. The torque detection module includes a torque sensor, which is located at the connection between the torque wrench 30 and the operating arm 20. This structure ensures that the collected torque data is accurate and reliable.

[0130] The torque detection module is used to detect the torque of the torque wrench 30 during operation. The real-time collected torque data is transmitted to the control terminal of the remote operating mechanism. The control terminal's display interface shows the current torque value and torque change curve in real time, and compares it with the preset torque values ​​for bolt removal and installation. When the torque reaches the preset value, the control module 40 controls the torque wrench 30 to stop rotating, preventing over-tightening or under-tightening. Furthermore, the remote operating mechanism can automatically record the removal and installation torque data for each bolt (including peak torque, duration, and stable torque value), forming an operation log. Data export is supported for subsequent quality traceability and acceptance. In some embodiments, the bolt removal and installation equipment also includes an emergency protection unit that triggers overload protection when the torque of the torque wrench 30 exceeds 120% of the set value.

[0131] In some embodiments, the bolt removal and installation equipment further includes an anti-interference wireless communication unit. The anti-interference wireless communication unit adopts an industrial-grade communication frequency band that can penetrate the concrete structure of the bridge to achieve stable data transmission with the remote operating mechanism and avoid interference from the surrounding electromagnetic environment.

[0132] In this embodiment, distance sensors are installed at both the front and rear ends of the movable main body 10. By setting the distance sensors to detect obstacles in front in real time, collisions are avoided when the bolt removal and installation equipment moves. The distance sensors are infrared distance sensors with a detection range of 0-100cm. In this embodiment, the system is set to trigger when an obstacle is detected at a distance ≤10cm. After the protection is triggered, all actions are stopped immediately to ensure the safety of the equipment and the bridge structure.

[0133] In this embodiment, the camera module includes multiple sets of cameras, with cameras (not shown in the figure) installed on the movable main body 10, the operating arm 20, and the torque wrench 30. The multiple sets of cameras enable real-time display of the surrounding environment of the bolt disassembly and assembly equipment, as well as the connection between the torque wrench 30 and the support bolt 6, ensuring efficient disassembly and assembly.

[0134] In this embodiment, the bolt disassembly and assembly equipment includes a laser positioning module, which is mounted on the wrench sleeve 30 of the torque wrench 30. The laser positioning module is used to determine whether the torque wrench 30 is aligned with the bolt to be disassembled or assembled. By quickly aligning the torque wrench 30 with the bolt to be disassembled or assembled using the laser positioning module, the disassembly and assembly efficiency and accuracy are improved. The laser positioning module includes a laser emitter that emits a crosshair laser. When the center of the laser crosshair aligns with the center of the support bolt 6, it indicates that the torque wrench 30 can fit onto the head of the bolt.

[0135] In some embodiments, the movable body 10 or the operating arm 20 of the bolt removal and installation equipment is provided with a lighting device to provide illumination for the bolt removal and installation equipment, so as to avoid poor lighting conditions in the working environment from affecting the removal and installation operations.

[0136] In this embodiment, the remote operation terminal (such as the operating handle) of the control module 40 is equipped with a touch screen and a physical operating lever. The touch screen can display information such as the operation image, torque data, and the position of the bolt disassembly and assembly equipment. The operating lever can manually control the movement of the bolt disassembly and assembly equipment and the action of the torque wrench 30 engaging with the support bolt 6.

[0137] This embodiment also provides a method for replacing the bridge bearing 3. When replacing the bridge bearing 3, firstly, the bearing bolts 6 on the old bridge bearing 3 are removed, then the new bridge bearing 3 is installed, and finally the bearing bolts 6 are installed on the bridge bearing 3 to fix the new bridge bearing 3.

[0138] When using the bolt removal and installation equipment of this application to remove and install bearing bolts 6 on some existing operating bridges, the specific steps are as follows:

[0139] 1) Preparation before operation: According to the specifications of the bearing bolts 6 of the bridge bearing 3 (e.g., M16), select a suitable socket torque wrench 30 and install it on the operating arm 20. Call the standard torque data (e.g., 55 N·m) of the corresponding bolt through the remote operating mechanism and set the operation mode (installation or disassembly). If it is a disassembly operation, use the cleaning equipment to blow away the debris around the bridge bearing 3 in advance, and use the rust removal equipment to perform rust removal pretreatment around the bearing bolts 6. At the same time, consider spraying lubricant to reduce resistance. Check the power of the bolt disassembly and assembly equipment and the installation of the magnetic counterweight.

[0140] 2) Removal of support bolt 6:

[0141] Step 2.1: Moving and positioning the bolt removal and installation equipment: The operator controls the bolt removal and installation equipment to move using the operating handle, observes the surrounding environment in conjunction with the monitoring screen, avoids bridge bearings 3, pier components and obstacles, and moves the bolt removal and installation equipment to the area where the target bearing bolt 6 is located; after moving stably to the target area of ​​the bearing bolt 6 to be removed and installed, the operator controls the operating handle to extend the upper and lower hydraulic cylinder support legs 50, the upper ones pressing against the bottom surface of the beam 1 and fastening to the bottom of the beam, and the lower ones fastening to the top surface of the cap beam or pier 2, ensuring that the bolt removal and installation equipment is stable to resist the reaction force during bolt removal and installation.

[0142] Step 2.2: Connect the torque wrench 30 to the support bolt 6: Extend the operating arm 20 and the first connecting arm 301 and the second connecting arm 302, and simultaneously activate the laser positioning module. The laser emitter on the bolt removal and installation equipment emits a crosshair laser, which is aligned with the position of the support bolt 6. Fine-tune the position of the bolt removal and installation equipment (forward / backward, left / right turn) by operating the handle, so that the operating arm 20 faces the support bolt 6, ensuring that the support bolt 6 can be covered within the extension and retraction range of the operating arm 20 and the first connecting arm 301 and the second connecting arm 302. The horizontal rotation angle, pitch angle, and extension length of the operating arm 20 are adjusted by the operating handle. At the same time, the docking status and laser positioning deviation data are observed through the images transmitted by the cameras at the ends of the operating arm 20, the first connecting arm 301, and the second connecting arm 302. When the center of the laser crosshair is aligned with the center of the support bolt 6 (deviation ≤ 0.5mm), the operating arm 20, the first connecting arm 301, and the second connecting arm 302 are slowly adjusted so that the socket of the torque wrench 30 is fitted into the head of the support bolt 6 until the operating terminal displays "the socket and bolt are fully engaged" (the contact pressure can be detected by the torque sensor, and the engagement is determined when the pressure reaches 5N).

[0143] Step 2.3: Torque Monitoring and Disassembly: Select the "Bolt Disassembly" mode on the operating terminal, set the disassembly speed, and click the "Start" button. The torque wrench 30 will start to reverse. The torque monitoring module collects disassembly torque data in real time, and the display screen of the operating terminal shows the torque change curve. When the torque value suddenly drops (e.g., from 150 N·m to 80 N·m, indicating that the bolt is loose), the control module 40 automatically reduces the speed (e.g., to 5 r / min) to prevent the bolt from falling off quickly. When the torque value drops below 50 N·m (determined to be completely loose), the torque wrench 30 stops reversing. The operating arm 20 is controlled to lift the torque wrench 30 to a safe position (≥10cm away from the support component). The electromagnetic chuck is then activated to attract the disassembled support bolt 6 and place it in the bolt storage box on the top of the equipment for orderly storage.

[0144] Step 2.4: Cyclic disassembly of multiple bearing bolts 6: Move the bolt disassembly and assembly equipment to the position of the next target bearing bolt 6, and repeat steps 2.1-2.3 to complete the disassembly of all bearing bolts 6 on the steel plate of the bridge bearing 3 in sequence.

[0145] For each bearing bolt 6 removed, the remote control mechanism automatically records the removal time, peak torque, torque value when loosened, and torque value when completely removed, forming a removal operation log. During the removal process, the area around the bridge bearing 3 can be observed in real time through the monitoring screen. If surface damage to the component, abnormal tools (such as sleeves), or bolts falling off are found, the "Emergency Stop" button should be clicked immediately to stop the operation, troubleshoot and resolve the problem before continuing the operation.

[0146] In practice, the dismantling torque needs to be adjusted according to the bolt specifications and degree of corrosion (generally 0.8-1.0 times the design tightening torque) for bolt removal. If a sudden increase in torque occurs during removal (such as a bolt becoming stuck due to corrosion), stop the operation immediately, spray with rust remover and soak for 5-10 minutes before continuing removal. After removing all the support bolts 6 that need to be removed in the first stage, check whether there is any debris on the contact surface between the steel plate of the bridge support 3 and the beam 1. If so, clean it with a cleaning agent to ensure that the beam 1 is subjected to uniform force during the subsequent jacking process.

[0147] After the first stage of support bolt 6 is removed, the beam 1 is supported by the jacking mechanism.

[0148] Before the installation of the lifting mechanism begins, it is necessary to conduct network testing to ensure that the signals from the hydraulic pump station, PLC control system, jacks, displacement sensors, etc., are normal. This will allow the lifting operation to proceed smoothly once the bridge section is closed.

[0149] During the jacking operation, a dedicated person must monitor the hydraulic system's pressure section, and any problems must be reported immediately. A complete spare set of hydraulic pump station, jacks, displacement sensors, and other equipment should be provided; if any part malfunctions, it should be replaced directly. If equipment malfunctions after the bridge section closure begins and cannot be resolved, construction must be suspended. Construction will resume the following day after repairs and inspections are completed.

[0150] During the jacking operation, the control system of jack 4 is activated. First, each jack 4 is tested under no-load to check if the lifting stroke is normal and if the pressure sensor data is accurate. Then, pre-jacking is performed (jacking height approximately 2mm), monitoring for any tilting of beam 1. If tilting occurs, the pressure of the corresponding jack 4 is adjusted to ensure beam 1 is level. The load borne by bridge bearing 3 is first transferred to temporary jack 4 using jack 4. After the new bearing is installed, the load is then transferred.

[0151] Because the upper beam 1 could not be fully unlocked, the hydraulic jacks 4 were used to simultaneously lift beam 1 upwards by approximately 0.5cm to ensure that the bridge load was transferred to the jacks 4 before the bridge bearings 3 were removed. Specifically, the four hydraulic jacks 4 were connected to a PLC-based hydraulic synchronous lifting system and simultaneously lifted the entire beam by one stroke (0.5cm). At this point, the upper beam 1 was completely suspended and stable by the hydraulic jacks 4. After the lifting was completed, the pressure-holding rings of all the lifting jacks 4 were locked to prevent a sudden drop and subsequent bridge displacement or torsion in case of a hydraulic failure.

[0152] After the jacking is in place, a high-strength temporary pad block 5 is installed under the beam 1 on the other side of the bridge support 3 as a second safety measure for the jack 4.

[0153] Once the above work is completed, the first phase of construction is finished. At this point, the road closure can be lifted, and traffic can resume.

[0154] During the second phase of construction, the road was first closed as described above, and the bearing bolts 6 on the other side of the bridge bearing 3 were removed. In this phase, the beam 1 was first lifted by the jacking mechanism, then the bolts on the second side of the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced were removed, the bridge bearing 3 to be replaced was then removed, and the jacking rod of the jacking mechanism (jack 4) was restored to its position before jacking.

[0155] The procedure for removing the support bolt 6 on the second side is the same as that for removing the support bolt 6 on the first side.

[0156] After all the bearing bolts 6 of bridge bearing 3 have been removed, the old bridge bearing 3 can be dismantled. Before dismantling, the bonding layer between the upper and lower steel plates of bridge bearing 3 and the beam 1, pier 2, or cap beam needs to be cleaned to ensure that bridge bearing 3 can be moved out smoothly. The construction sequence is as follows:

[0157] (1) Ensure that the support bolts 6 on the upper and lower steel plates of the bridge support 3 have been removed;

[0158] (2) Use water jet to remove the debris. The removal should be carried out symmetrically in the upper and lower and left and right directions. While removing the debris, try to drag the original old bridge support 3 along the transverse direction.

[0159] (3) After the original old bridge bearing 3 is removed, the residual adhesive layer on the surface of the beam 1, pier 2 or cap beam is further removed, and the flatness of the pad stone is checked and ensured to provide support for the high-precision installation of the new bearing. Foreign objects in the bolt holes of the bearing bolts 6 on the pier 2 or cap beam are removed by using an industrial vacuum cleaner with a camera. The size and hole position of the original bridge bearing 3 are further checked to ensure that the hole positions of the new and old bridge bearing 3 are consistent.

[0160] After the above work is completed, the jack 4 is restored to its original position before jacking, ensuring that the load of the bridge is transferred to the jack 4 before the new bridge support 3 is installed.

[0161] The above completes the second phase of construction. At this point, the road closure can be lifted again, and traffic can resume.

[0162] During the third phase of construction, the road was first closed in the manner described above. Then, the beam 1 was lifted again using the jacking mechanism (jack 4), the new bridge support 3 was installed, and the new bridge support 3 was fixed with support bolts 6.

[0163] To facilitate the installation of the new bridge bearing 3, this embodiment uses a track sliding device to move the new bridge bearing 3 to the installation position.

[0164] like Figure 9-10 As shown, in this embodiment, the track sliding device includes a guide rail assembly and a movable seat 103. The guide rail assembly includes two parallel first guide rails 101 and second guide rails 102. The opposite ends of the movable seat 103 are movably connected to the first guide rails 101 and the second guide rails 102, respectively. The movable seat 103 is used to place the bridge support 3. The track sliding device also includes an adjustment mechanism, which is mounted on the guide rail assembly. The adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment rod 104, one end of which is connected to the movable seat 103. The adjustment rod 104 is used to drive the movable seat 103 to move on the guide rail assembly. In some other embodiments, one end of the adjustment rod 104 is connected to the movable seat 103, and the adjustment rod 104 is used to drive the movable seat 103 to move on the guide rail assembly; or, one end of the adjustment rod 104 is used to push the bridge support 3 directly on the movable seat 103 to the installation position. The movable seat 103 is fixedly mounted on the guide rail assembly for the bridge support 3 to slide.

[0165] In this solution, when the bridge bearing 3 is transported to the bearing installation position using the track sliding device, two guide rails are first fixed in the area between the bridge cap beam and the beam body 1. The bridge bearing 3 is then placed on the movable seat 103, and the position of the movable seat 103 is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to ensure that the bridge bearing 3 is stably placed in the corresponding bearing installation position. This track sliding device greatly reduces the difficulty of replacing the bridge bearing 3, improves the replacement efficiency, and also effectively avoids collision damage to the bridge bearing 3 or the bridge piers 2 and cap beams.

[0166] In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism includes a guide member disposed between the first guide rail 101 and the second guide rail 102. The guide member has a guide hole, the axis of which is parallel to the extension direction of the guide rail. The end of the adjusting rod 104 away from the moving seat 103 passes through the guide hole. The guide member includes a connector 105, both ends of which are fixedly connected to the first guide rail 101 and the second guide rail 102, respectively. The middle of the connector 105 has a guide hole. The guide hole is located within the threaded hole of the adjusting nut 106 on the connector 105, and the adjusting rod 104 is threadedly connected to the threaded hole of the adjusting nut 106. Through the threaded engagement structure, the adjusting rod 104 can precisely fine-tune the movement distance of the mounting seat, ensuring accurate alignment of the new bridge bearing 3 with the mounting reference of the bearing installation position, thus guaranteeing the installation quality of the bridge bearing 3.

[0167] In this embodiment, both the first guide rail 101 and the second guide rail 102 include a guide portion and a mounting portion, which are arranged vertically, while the mounting portions of the first guide rail 101 and the second guide rail 102 are arranged parallel to each other. The mounting portion has multiple mounting holes for fixing the first guide rail 101 and the second guide rail 102. Specifically, the first guide rail 101 and the second guide rail 102 are made of angle steel, with the two vertical edges of the angle steel serving as the guide portion and the mounting portion, respectively.

[0168] In some embodiments, a limiting member 107 is provided at the end of the guide rail assembly away from the adjustment mechanism. The limiting member 107 is used to prevent the movable seat 103 from moving. By providing the limiting member 107, the bridge bearing 3 can be positioned quickly, and the bridge bearing 3 can be effectively prevented from detaching from the guide rail during the moving installation process, thus preventing construction risks.

[0169] The connector 105 and the limiting member 107 ensure that the first guide rail 101 and the second guide rail 102 are set in parallel and stable condition. The limiting member 107 can also be used to roughly position and limit the placement of the new bridge support 3. The connector 105 is located on one side of the guide rail near the end. The distance between the connector 105 and the limiting member 107 is greater than the width or length of the bridge support, ensuring that the bridge support 3 can be smoothly placed onto the movable seat 103 on the guide rail initially.

[0170] In this embodiment, the movable seat 103 is a 6mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plate, which is laid on the guide rail. The PTFE plate is in direct contact with the guide rail and can slide on the guide rail. The contact surface between the guide rail and the PTFE plate is coated with silicone grease. The lubrication effect of the silicone grease reduces the frictional resistance of the bridge support 3 during its sliding process on the guide rail.

[0171] In some embodiments, pulleys may also be provided on the movable base 103, and the pulleys are slidably mounted on the guide rail. By providing pulleys on the movable base 103, the movement of the movable base 103 becomes easier.

[0172] The steps for installing the new bridge support 3 using the track sliding device of this embodiment are as follows:

[0173] (1) Clean the installation area of ​​the bridge support 3 between the top of the bridge cap beam or pier 2 and the bottom of the beam 1. According to the size and movement path of the new bridge support 3, install the first guide rail 101 and the second guide rail 102 of the track sliding device on the cap beam or pier 2, and fix the first guide rail 101 and the second guide rail 102 firmly with expansion bolts.

[0174] (2) Place the bridge support 3 to be installed on the polytetrafluoroethylene plate;

[0175] (3) By adjusting the rod 104, the bridge support 3 on the polytetrafluoroethylene plate is pushed to slide along the guide rail so that the bridge support 3 is precisely aligned with the installation reference of the support installation position.

[0176] (4) Use a level to check the levelness between the lower support steel plate of the bridge bearing 3 and the upper surface of the cap beam or pier 2. Based on the test results, select a thin steel plate of appropriate thickness and insert it into the gap to complete the level adjustment of the bridge bearing 3. The thin steel plate is used after the new bridge bearing 3 is initially positioned. Based on the horizontal height difference between the lower support steel plate of the bridge bearing 3 and the upper surface of the cap beam or pier 2, it is selectively inserted into the gap between the lower support steel plate and the cap beam or pier 2 to achieve the level adjustment of the bridge bearing 3 and ensure the fit between the lower support steel plate of the bridge bearing 3 and the cap beam or pier 2. The thin steel plate is prepared in various thickness specifications, with a thickness range of 0.5-5mm. It can be used in single or multiple pieces stacked according to the actual gap size to meet different level adjustment needs.

[0177] (5) Check the positioning accuracy of the bridge support 3 after installation. After confirming that there are no errors, remove the guide rail of the track sliding device and remove it to complete the placement of the new bridge support 3.

[0178] After the new bridge support 3 is placed in the corresponding position, it is fixed with bolts.

[0179] The installation of bearing bolts 6 is similar to the removal method described above. The bearing bolts 6 are aligned, installed, and tightened using the aforementioned bolt removal and installation equipment and torque wrench 30. The bolts are tightened using a diagonal alternating method. After each bearing bolt 6 is tightened, the torque detection module records the data to ensure that the torque deviation of all bearing bolts 6 is ≤±5%. After all bearing bolts 6 are tightened, a feeler gauge is used to check the fit between the bridge bearing 3 and the beam 1, pier 2, or cap beam pad stone to ensure there is no looseness.

[0180] like Figure 4 As shown, after the bearing bolts 6 are installed, leveling grouting is performed; foaming agent is applied around the upper and lower steel plates of the bridge bearing 3 as a grout-blocking baffle 8; grouting is then performed on the contact surfaces between the upper steel plate 31 and lower steel plate 32 of the bridge bearing 3 and the beam 1, pier 2, or cap beam using grouting equipment 9, forming a grouting material layer 91 around the bridge bearing 3. Early-strength grouting material can be used to ensure a strength of 20 MPa before traffic resumes.

[0181] After the bearing bolts 6 are tightened and accepted, release the locking device of jack 4, start the control system to slowly unload at a speed of 0.2-0.3 mm / min, and monitor the sinking displacement of beam 1 at the same time to ensure that beam 1 is evenly placed on the new bridge bearing 3. After jack 4 is completely unloaded, remove jack 4 and temporary pad 5, clean up the tools and debris in the work area, and clear the site and open the road to traffic.

[0182] Compared with the prior art, the method for replacing bridge bearing 3 in this application has the following significant advantages:

[0183] Minimize traffic impact: The entire process is carried out during short-term traffic closures (or shutdown windows) at night when traffic is low, and normal traffic is fully restored during the day, avoiding daytime traffic congestion and reducing interference with social traffic. It is especially suitable for busy urban main road bridges and rail transit bridges.

[0184] Improved work safety and efficiency: The removal and tightening of support bolts 6 are completed by replacing manual labor with specialized equipment, which has high operational precision, improves work efficiency, and avoids the safety problems of personnel working in confined spaces.

[0185] Construction accuracy and structural safety assurance: The application of technologies such as synchronous jacking with jack 4, real-time torque monitoring, and laser positioning ensures that the bridge bearing 3 is installed in a precise position, the bolt connection is firm, and the jacking of beam 1 is stable, thus avoiding structural damage; the use of temporary pads 5 for support further enhances the safety of the jacking process of beam 1.

[0186] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge, the elevated bridge comprising piers and beams, wherein bridge bearings are provided on the piers, the bridge bearings supporting the beams, the bridge bearings being fixed to the piers by bolts, the bolts comprising bolts on a first side and bolts on a second side of the bridge bearings in the width direction of the beams, characterized in that... The replacement method includes a first phase, a second phase, and a third phase performed sequentially in time periods: The first stage includes: removing the bolts on the first side of the bridge bearing to be replaced, and placing the jacking mechanism and temporary pads on both sides of the bridge bearing to be replaced along the length and width of the beam to support the beam. The second stage includes: lifting the beam body using the lifting mechanism, removing the bolts on the second side of the bridge support to be replaced, then removing the bridge support to be replaced, and resetting the lifting mechanism to restore the beam body to its position before lifting; The third stage includes: lifting the beam again using a jacking mechanism, installing new bridge supports, and fixing the new bridge supports with bolts.

2. The method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the first stage, before removing the bolts on the first side of the bridge bearing to be replaced, the following steps are also included: setting up a working platform near the pier of the bridge bearing to be replaced, so that construction workers can clean the surrounding area of ​​the bridge bearing to be replaced and install construction equipment.

3. The method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The replacement method involves removing and installing bolts on the bridge bearing to be replaced using bolt removal and installation equipment. Prior to the first stage, the following steps are also included: The information of the viaduct for the bridge bearing to be replaced is obtained, and the bolts of the bridge bearing to be replaced are simulated to be removed by the bolt removal and installation equipment. The torque information of the bolt removal and installation equipment when removing the bolts of the bridge bearing to be replaced is obtained, and the working torque of the bolt removal equipment for removing and installing bolts is set according to the obtained torque information.

4. The method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bolt removal and installation equipment includes a movable main body, a torque wrench assembly, a camera module, and a control module, wherein the torque wrench assembly, the camera module, and the control module are all mounted on the movable main body; The torque wrench assembly includes an operating arm and a torque wrench. One end of the operating arm is mounted on the movable body, and the other end of the operating arm is mounted on the torque wrench. The operating arm is used to fix the torque wrench to the bolt to be disassembled or installed. The torque wrench is used to rotate the bolt to be disassembled or installed according to a preset torque. The camera module is used to acquire image information around the movable body, so that the operator can control the movable body to move or align and fix the torque wrench with the bolt to be disassembled and assembled based on the image information; The control module is connected to the movable body and the torque wrench assembly, and the control module is also connected to a remote operating mechanism, which is used to control the movable body and the torque wrench assembly through the control module.

5. The method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The camera module includes multiple sets of cameras, and the movable body, the operating arm, and the torque wrench are all equipped with the cameras. And / or, the bolt removal and installation equipment includes a laser positioning module, which is installed on the torque wrench and is used to determine whether the torque wrench is aligned with the bolt to be removed or installed; And / or, the movable body includes liftable support wheels, which are located at the bottom of the movable body; And / or, the movable body includes hydraulic cylinder legs, and the top and bottom of the movable body are respectively provided with a plurality of hydraulic cylinder legs; And / or, the movable body is provided with a ranging sensor at both the front and rear ends; And / or, the movable body or the operating arm is provided with a lighting device; And / or, an electromagnetic chuck is provided at one end of the operating arm on which the torque wrench is mounted, and a bolt storage box is provided on the movable body; And / or, the movable body adopts a flat wheel or track-type movement structure.

6. The method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The bolt removal and installation equipment also includes a torque detection module, which is connected to the control module. The torque detection module is used to detect the torque of the torque wrench during operation. And / or, the torque wrench includes a first connecting arm, a second connecting arm, and a bolt fastener. The operating arm and the first connecting arm are driven to rotate by a motor. The second connecting arm is telescopically mounted on the first connecting arm. The operating arm is rotatably connected to the movable body by a motor. The second connecting arm is provided with a connector for mounting the bolt fastener.

7. The method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The torque detection module includes a torque sensor, which is disposed at the connection between the torque wrench and the operating arm. And / or, the movable body is provided with a turntable, and the operating arm is mounted on the turntable.

8. The method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the new bridge supports are secured with bolts, the third stage also includes the following steps: Grouting is performed to connect the upper and lower steel plates of the new bridge bearing to the beam body via grouting.

9. The method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the third stage, the new bridge bearings are transported to the installation position for installation using a track sliding device; The track sliding device includes a guide rail assembly and a movable seat. The guide rail assembly includes two parallel guide rails. The two opposite ends of the movable seat are movably connected to the two guide rails respectively. The movable seat is used to place the bridge support. The track sliding device further includes an adjustment mechanism, which is mounted on the guide rail assembly and includes an adjustment rod; One end of the adjusting rod is connected to the movable seat and used to drive the movable seat to move on the guide rail assembly, or one end of the adjusting rod is used to push the bridge support to make the movable seat move on the guide rail assembly.

10. The method for replacing bridge bearings of an elevated bridge as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The adjusting mechanism includes a guide member disposed between the two guide rails. The guide member has a guide hole, the axis of which is parallel to the extension direction of the guide rails. The end of the adjusting rod furthest from the movable seat passes through the guide hole. Preferably, the guide member includes a connector, both ends of which are fixedly connected to the two guide rails respectively, and the middle of the connector has the guide hole. More preferably, the guide hole is a threaded hole, and the adjusting rod is threadedly connected to the threaded hole. And / or, a limiting member is provided at one end of the guide rail assembly away from the adjustment mechanism, the limiting member being used to prevent the movable seat from moving; And / or, the movable seat is a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, which is slidably disposed on the guide rail; And / or, the guide rail is an angle steel or a channel steel.

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