A high-precision fiber-optic gyroscopic surveying and orienting device for frozen holes

Abstract

The application discloses a high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope surveying and orienting device for a frozen hole and relates to the technical field of measurement. The ground equipment is electrically connected with a probe inner core, the probe inner core is internally provided with a tilt simulation system, an anti-vibration shell is mounted on the outer side of the probe inner core, the probe inner core comprises an upper end head, a sensor combination bin, an electronic circuit bin and a lower end head, a damping assembly is arranged between the sensor combination bin and the electronic circuit bin and between the electronic circuit bin and the lower end head, the drilling track can be measured in the lowering process, and north-seeking measurement is conducted after the lowering to a predetermined tilt correction point. Since the device can measure the drilling track in the lowering process of the directional tilt correction operation, the problem that two sets of equipment are needed to complete the track measurement and the directional tilt correction operation is overcome, and the drilling cost is greatly saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of measurement technology, specifically a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer for use in freezing holes. Background Technology

[0002] In freezing engineering projects in the mining and municipal sectors, freezing holes are a crucial construction technique. The quality of these holes (deviation and hole spacing) determines the success or failure of the freezing project and the construction cost; therefore, high quality requirements are essential. Currently, freezing hole inclination and orientation mainly employ mechanical gyroscope inclinometers and mechanical gyroscope orientation instruments. However, mechanical gyroscopes suffer from low equipment accuracy, susceptibility to damage, and short continuous application time. Furthermore, the gyroscope and orientation instrument are separate, making the inclination measurement process complex, prone to deviations, and unable to perform drilling-while-drilling inclination measurement. To ensure the verticality of the freezing holes meets the process requirements, continuous monitoring of the borehole trajectory is necessary, along with timely and effective directional correction based on the borehole trajectory measurement results and process requirements.

[0003] Currently, the field operation uses two separate sets of instruments (gyro-inclinometer and gyro-director) for inclination and orientation. After drilling to a certain depth, the inclination instrument is lowered to the bottom of the well using a cable. During the lowering process, trajectory measurements are taken. After the measurements are completed, the inclination instrument is retrieved. If correction is required, the orientation instrument is lowered again using a cable. After the instrument reaches the bottom of the well, a key is installed. After the key is installed, the drill string is adjusted to the target orientation, and the orientation instrument is retrieved for subsequent correction work. The current operation requires two sets of instruments to complete the task. For operations requiring correction, the instrument needs to be retrieved and lowered at least twice. The construction process is cumbersome and seriously affects the construction progress. During this process, the instrument may collide with the bottom of the hole during descent, which can easily cause damage due to vibration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer for freezing holes, in order to solve the problems raised in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer for freezing holes, comprising ground equipment, a gyroscope inclinometer, and a gyroscope orientation instrument. The ground equipment is electrically connected to a probe core, and the probe core houses an inclination simulation system. An anti-vibration shell is installed on the outside of the probe core. The probe core includes an upper end, a sensor assembly compartment, an electronic circuit compartment, and a lower end. Vibration damping components are provided between the sensor assembly compartment and the electronic circuit compartment, and between the electronic circuit compartment and the lower end.

[0006] Preferably, the vibration damping assembly includes a shock absorber housing, a sliding rod, and a buffer plate. The buffer plate is disposed inside the shock absorber housing, and multiple guide grooves are formed on the outer side of the buffer plate. Guide rods are passed through the guide grooves, and the guide rods are fixedly installed inside the shock absorber housing.

[0007] Preferably, the shock absorber housing is sleeved on the outside of the sliding rod, the buffer plate is fixedly installed on the outside of the sliding rod, and elastic tubes are fixedly connected between both sides of the buffer plate and the inner wall of the shock absorber housing. Multiple guide holes are opened on the outside of the buffer plate.

[0008] Preferably, in the bottom vibration damping assembly, the two ends of the sliding rod are fixedly connected to the lower end and the electronic circuit compartment, respectively, and in the top vibration damping assembly, the two ends of the sliding rod are fixedly connected to the electronic circuit compartment and the sensor assembly compartment, respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the vibration-damping housing includes an upper housing, a middle housing, and a lower housing. The shock absorber housing of the bottom vibration damping assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the lower housing. The lower end is inserted into the bottom of the inner cavity of the lower housing. The electronic circuit compartment is located inside the lower housing. Rubber rings are fixedly installed on the top and bottom of the outer side of the electronic circuit compartment, and the rubber rings abut against the inner wall of the lower housing.

[0010] Preferably, in the top vibration damping assembly, the shock absorber housing is fixedly installed inside the middle housing, the sensor assembly compartment is located inside the upper housing, the upper end is fixedly inserted into the top of the upper housing cavity, and rubber rings are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the outer side of the sensor assembly compartment. The rubber rings abut against the inner wall of the upper housing. In the top vibration damping assembly, two annular grooves are opened on the outer side of the shock absorber housing, and rubber rings are arranged inside the annular grooves. The inner wall of the rubber rings is fixedly connected to the shock absorber housing.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom end of the upper housing is fixedly connected to an external threaded component one, the top end of the lower housing is fixedly connected to an external threaded component two, and the top and bottom of the inner cavity of the middle housing are provided with threaded grooves. The external threaded component one and the external threaded component two are respectively disposed in the two threaded grooves, and both the external threaded component one and the external threaded component two are threadedly connected to the middle housing.

[0012] Preferably, the tilt simulation system includes a signal conditioning module electrically connected to a gyro inclinometer and a gyro orientation instrument. The output of the signal conditioning module is electrically connected to an encoder. The output of the encoder is electrically connected to an acquisition and processing circuit. The output of the acquisition and processing circuit is electrically connected to a data integration module and a data storage module. The output of the data integration module is electrically connected to a control transmission circuit, which is electrically connected to ground equipment. The output of the control transmission circuit is electrically connected to a parameter generation module and a temperature compensation component. The output of the parameter generation module is electrically connected to the data storage module, and the output of the data storage module is electrically connected to the data integration module.

[0013] Preferably, the input terminal of the signal conditioning module is electrically connected to an electromagnetic radiation analyzer and a temperature sensor, and the gyroscope inclinometer, gyroscope orienter, temperature sensor and temperature compensation component are all fixedly installed inside the sensor assembly compartment.

[0014] Preferably, the ground equipment includes an operating interface, a 3D image generation model, a database, and a data transceiver module.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. When using the gyro-based inclinometer described in this invention for directional drilling operations in frozen holes, the lower end of the instrument is connected to the guide shoe, and the angular difference between the instrument and the guide shoe is measured. Then, it is lowered into the well via a cable. During the lowering process, the borehole trajectory can be measured. After reaching the predetermined correction point, a north-finding measurement is performed. Once the instrument's measurement is complete, the turntable is rotated to rotate the drill bit to the predetermined azimuth, and the instrument is then retrieved for directional correction operations. Because this instrument can measure the borehole trajectory during the lowering process of directional correction operations, it solves the problem of currently requiring two sets of equipment to complete trajectory measurement and directional correction work, significantly reducing drilling costs.

[0017] 2. In this application, the three-dimensional image generation model in the ground equipment calculates the environmental parameters and the geomagnetic data of the location of the freezing hole stored in the data storage module, which affects the detection results of the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument. This data is the influencing parameter. The three-dimensional image generation model adjusts the first three-dimensional animation in real time according to the influencing parameter to generate a second three-dimensional animation. The second three-dimensional animation reflects the true and accurate state of the freezing hole. By comparing the second three-dimensional animation with the freezing hole plan, it is calculated whether the state of the freezing hole is within the allowable construction error range, thereby improving the rigor of the final judgment of the freezing hole and ensuring that the freezing hole can be put into use. In addition, based on the detection results of the temperature sensor, the control transmission circuit controls the temperature compensation component connected electrically to adjust the internal temperature of the probe core where the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument are located, so as to avoid the influence of the ambient temperature on the normal operation of the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument, keep the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument in normal working condition, and control the error of the detection results of the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the vibration-damping housing of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the structure at point A;

[0021] Figure 4This is a cross-sectional view of the housing of the shock absorber of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer plate of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the shell structure in this invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the separation structure between the shock absorber housing and the rubber ring three of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the tilt simulation system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the ground equipment of the present invention.

[0027] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Vibration-resistant outer shell; 11. Upper shell; 12. Middle shell; 13. Lower shell; 14. External threaded component one; 15. Threaded groove; 16. External threaded component two; 2. Probe inner core; 21. Upper end; 22. Sensor assembly compartment; 23. Rubber ring one; 24. Electronic circuit compartment; 25. Rubber ring two; 26. Shock absorber shell; 27. Sliding rod; 28. Buffer plate; 29. ​​Elastic tube; 210. Guide groove; 211. Guide rod; 212. Flow guide hole; 213. Lower end; 214. Annular groove; 215. Rubber ring three. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example: Figures 1-9 As shown, this invention provides a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer for freezing holes, comprising a ground device, a gyroscope inclinometer, and a gyroscope orientation device. The ground device is electrically connected to a probe core 2, which houses a tilt simulation system. An anti-vibration shell 1 is installed on the outside of the probe core 2. The probe core 2 includes an upper end 21, a sensor assembly compartment 22, an electronic circuit compartment 24, and a lower end 213. Vibration damping components are provided between the sensor assembly compartment 22 and the electronic circuit compartment 24, and between the electronic circuit compartment 24 and the lower end 213. In summary, the high-precision fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer is composed of the anti-vibration shell 1, the probe core 2, the tilt simulation system, the gyroscope inclinometer, the gyroscope orientation device, an electromagnetic radiation analyzer, a temperature sensor, and a temperature compensation component.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 Rubber ring 1 23 is fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the outer side of the sensor assembly compartment 22. Rubber ring 1 23 abuts against the inner wall of the upper housing 11. Rubber ring 25 is fixedly installed to the top and bottom of the outer side of the electronic circuit compartment 24. Rubber ring 25 abuts against the inner wall of the lower housing 13. The setting of rubber ring 1 23 and rubber ring 25 with a certain elasticity reduces the radial vibration of the probe core 2, ensuring that the sensor assembly compartment 22 is centered while slowing down the radial vibration of the sensor assembly compartment 22.

[0031] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The vibration damping assembly consists of a shock absorber housing 26, a sliding rod 27, a buffer plate 28, and other structures. The buffer plate 28 is located inside the shock absorber housing 26. Multiple guide grooves 210 on the outer side of the buffer plate 28 are provided with guide rods 211. The guide rods 211 are fixedly installed inside the shock absorber housing 26, allowing the buffer plate 28 to move up and down inside the shock absorber housing 26.

[0032] In the bottom vibration damping assembly, the shock absorber housing 26 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the lower housing 13. In the top vibration damping assembly, the shock absorber housing 26 is fixedly installed inside the middle housing 12. Both shock absorber housings 26 move synchronously with the anti-vibration housing 1. The shock absorber housing 26 is sleeved on the outside of the sliding rod 27, and there is a certain friction between them. The shock absorber housing 26 can move up and down relative to each other inside the anti-vibration housing 1. The buffer plate 28 is fixedly installed on the outside of the sliding rod 27, which restricts the movement of the sliding rod 27 and prevents the sliding rod 27 from completely detaching from the shock absorber housing 26. Both sides of the buffer plate 28 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shock absorber housing 26 with elastic tubes 29. The elastic tube 29 is made of deformable rubber material. The two telescopic elastic tubes 29 ensure the seal between the sliding rod 27 and the shock absorber housing 26. The buffer solution filled inside the shock absorber housing 26 will not flow out through the gap between the sliding rod 27 and the shock absorber housing 26. Multiple guide holes 212 are opened on the outside of the buffer plate 28. The multiple guide holes 212 allow the buffer solution on both sides of the buffer plate 28 to flow to each other. When the sliding rod 27 is impacted, the buffer solution plays the role of buffering and dispersing the impact force. The vibration damping assembly composed of the shock absorber housing 26, sliding rod 27, buffer plate 28, elastic tube 29 and other structures has the effect of reducing axial impact vibration.

[0033] The lower end 213 is inserted into the bottom of the inner cavity of the lower housing 13, the electronic circuit compartment 24 is located inside the lower housing 13, the sensor assembly compartment 22 is located inside the upper housing 11, and the upper end 21 is fixedly inserted into the top of the inner cavity of the upper housing 11. The two ends of the sliding rod 27 in the bottom vibration damping assembly are fixedly connected to the lower end 213 and the electronic circuit compartment 24 respectively, and the two ends of the sliding rod 27 in the top vibration damping assembly are fixedly connected to the electronic circuit compartment 24 and the sensor assembly compartment 22 respectively. Therefore, the lower end 213, the electronic circuit compartment 24 and the sensor assembly compartment 22 are connected in series by two vibration damping assemblies, so that the probe core 2 has good vibration resistance during the falling process and reduces the possibility of damage to the various instruments inside the probe core 2 due to vibration.

[0034] The sliding rod 27 is a hollow tubular structure, and wires and cables can pass through the inside of the sliding rod 27 to meet the electrical connection requirements between the various components inside the probe core 2.

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The vibration-resistant outer shell 1 is composed of an upper shell 11, a middle shell 12, and a lower shell 13. The bottom of the upper shell 11 is fixedly connected to an external threaded component 14, and the top of the lower shell 13 is fixedly connected to an external threaded component 16. The top and bottom of the inner cavity of the middle shell 12 are provided with threaded grooves 15. The external threaded component 14 and the external threaded component 16 are respectively set in the two threaded grooves 15. The external threaded component 14 and the external threaded component 16 are both threadedly connected to the middle shell 12. Under the action of the external threaded component 14 and the external threaded component 16, the upper shell 11, the middle shell 12 and the lower shell 13 are integrated. After rotating the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 13, the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 13 can be separated from the middle shell 12. At this time, the electronic circuit compartment 24 and the sensor combination compartment 22 are exposed. The tilt simulation system installed inside the electronic circuit compartment 24 can be inspected and repaired, and the gyroscope inclinometer, gyroscope orientation instrument, temperature sensor and temperature compensation component installed inside the sensor combination compartment 22 can be inspected and repaired.

[0036] The shock absorber housing 26 in the top damping assembly has two annular grooves 214 on its outer side. Rubber rings 215 are installed inside the annular grooves 214. The two rubber rings 215 increase the friction between the external threaded parts 14 and 16 and the shock absorber housing 26, limit the upper housing 11 and the lower housing 13, increase the force required for the relative rotation of the lower housing 13 and the upper housing 11 with the middle housing 12, and ensure the stability of the upper housing 11, the middle housing 12 and the lower housing 13 after they are integrated into one assembly.

[0037] In summary, when using the gyro-based inclinometer of this invention for directional drilling of frozen holes, the lower end 213 of the instrument is connected to the guide shoe, and the angular difference between the instrument and the guide shoe is measured. Then, it is lowered into the well via a cable. During the lowering process, the borehole trajectory can be measured. After reaching the predetermined correction point, north-finding measurement is performed. Once the instrument measurement is complete, the turntable is rotated to rotate the drill bit to the predetermined azimuth, and the instrument is then retrieved for directional correction. Because this instrument can measure the borehole trajectory during the lowering process of directional correction, it overcomes the current problem of requiring two sets of equipment to complete trajectory measurement and directional correction work, significantly reducing drilling costs.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 8 In the tilt simulation system, the signal conditioning module is electrically connected to the gyro inclinometer, gyro orientation instrument, electromagnetic radiation analyzer, and temperature sensor. An encoder is electrically connected to the output of the signal conditioning module. The raw photoelectric signals output by the gyro inclinometer, gyro orientation instrument, electromagnetic radiation analyzer, and temperature sensor are filtered and amplified by the encoder, and then converted into digital signals using a unified algorithm by the acquisition and processing circuit electrically connected to the encoder output. The digital signals are then sent by the acquisition and processing circuit to the data integration module and data storage module electrically connected to the output. The data storage module stores and backs up the digital signals, while the data integration module analyzes the digital data and calculates the changes in the tilt angle and tilt direction of the freezing holes based on the detection results of the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument. These changes in the tilt angle and tilt direction constitute the freezing hole status data, which is then output electrically from the data integration module. The control transmission circuit is connected and sends out data. The data transceiver module in the ground equipment is electrically connected to the control transmission circuit. The control transmission circuit sends the freezing hole status data in real time, and the ground equipment receives, updates, and stores it in real time. The three-dimensional image generation model inside the ground equipment generates a first three-dimensional animation showing the angle change and direction of the freezing hole based on the freezing hole status data. The staff can intuitively evaluate whether the verticality of the freezing hole meets the process requirements based on the display results generated by the ground equipment. The three-dimensional image generation model simulates the correction position with the least amount of construction work for the freezing hole based on the freezing hole status data and the geological data of the location of the freezing hole stored in the database, and marks the correction position on the first three-dimensional animation. While the staff can intuitively see the status of the freezing hole, the ground equipment automatically provides a better remedial plan, reducing calculation errors caused by manual calculation and ensuring the speed of freezing hole detection and correction.

[0039] An electromagnetic radiation analyzer detects the electromagnetic state surrounding the probe core 2, and a temperature sensor detects the temperature of the working environment of the probe core 2. The tilt simulation system processes the results from the electromagnetic radiation analyzer and temperature sensor into environmental parameters and transmits them to the ground equipment. The ground equipment uses a 3D image generation model to calculate the impact of the environmental parameters and the geomagnetic data of the location of the freezing hole stored in the data storage module on the detection results of the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument. This impact data serves as the influence parameters. The 3D image generation model adjusts the first 3D animation in real time based on the influence parameters to generate a second 3D animation, which displays the true location of the freezing hole. In a rigorous manner, by comparing the second three-dimensional animation and the freezing hole plan, the status of the freezing holes is calculated to determine whether it is within the allowable construction error range, thereby improving the rigor of the final judgment on the freezing holes and ensuring that the freezing holes can be put into use. Furthermore, based on the detection results of the temperature sensor, the control transmission circuit controls the temperature compensation component connected electrically to adjust the internal temperature of the probe core 2 where the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument are located, so as to avoid the influence of the ambient temperature on the normal operation of the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument, keep the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument in normal working condition, and control the error of the detection results of the gyro inclinometer and gyro orientation instrument.

[0040] When the freezing hole is an inclined hole, after inputting the inclination angle of the hole through the operation interface, the parameter generation module electrically connected to the output of the control transmission circuit converts the inclination angle into calculation parameters for the data integration module to calculate and simulate. The calculation parameters are sent by the parameter generation module to the data storage module electrically connected to the output for storage. The output of the data storage module is electrically connected to the data integration module, and the calculation parameters are sent to the data integration module as part of the freezing hole status data. This directly simulates and calculates a three-dimensional animation of the frozen hole designed to be inclined. It can adapt to the calculation and simulation of various freezing holes, reduce the amount of calculation for staff, and ensure the accuracy and rationality of the calculation results.

[0041] In summary, this application provides a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer for freezing holes, which has the following characteristics: Small diameter: outer diameter is 48mm. High stability: the core sensors of the gyroscope inclinometer and gyroscope orientation instrument are all-solid-state fiber optic gyroscopes, and the internal accelerometer of the gyroscope inclinometer is a quartz flexible accelerometer, which greatly improves the instrument's resistance to vibration and shock.

[0042] In this application, both the gyro inclinometer and the gyro orientation instrument are specially customized fiber optic gyrometers with an outer diameter of 38 mm. Their main performance indicators are shown in Table 1. The accelerometer is a quartz flexible accelerometer, and its main performance indicators are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 1

[0044]

[0045] Table 2

[0046]

[0047] The measurement platform consists of one dual-axis fiber optic gyroscope, three quartz flexible accelerometers, a data acquisition and settlement circuit, and a rotation mechanism. During static measurements, the radial gyroscope four-position north-finding algorithm is used to determine the initial attitude angle absolute azimuth. During dynamic measurements, the accelerometer output and the azimuth angle measured by the Z (axial) gyroscope are used to obtain the accelerometer output in the reference coordinate system through coordinate transformation, thereby determining the deflection angles in the X and Y axes of the reference coordinate system.

[0048] The accelerometer employs an oversampling algorithm, continuously acquiring data 32 times per acquisition cycle and averaging the results. In each solution cycle, the acquired results are averaged again to improve the accelerometer's acquisition accuracy. Recursive filtering is used on the accelerometer's acquired values ​​to improve data smoothness.

[0049] This application employs a measurement method combining absolute azimuth and continuous measurement, including the conversion between absolute azimuth and relative azimuth (reference azimuth) within the well. The specific details of the absolute azimuth plus continuous measurement method are as follows:

[0050] A high-precision fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer for freezing holes achieves a comprehensive measurement scheme combining high-precision absolute azimuth and continuous measurement by employing a high-precision, compact biaxial fiber. The automatic north-finding absolute azimuth measurement design avoids the azimuth measurement errors caused by manual operation at the wellhead and drift during instrument lowering inclinometers, which are common in traditional mechanical gyroscope inclinometers. It also avoids the need for remeasurement due to unexpected power outages, reduces manual azimuth measurement at the wellhead, and improves measurement accuracy and efficiency. The continuous measurement mode avoids the inability to accurately obtain offset information between two measurement points and is more efficient than point measurement.

[0051] A specially customized fiber optic gyroscope with dual axes (axial and radial, respectively), high precision (zero bias stability better than 0.4° / h), and small size (diameter Φ38mm) was developed.

[0052] In traditional freezing borehole construction, relative orientation measurement in the borehole is used. Although mechanical gyroscope relative measurement has large errors, the relative orientation in the borehole (with the line connecting the borehole position and the borehole center as 0° and clockwise rotation as positive) is convenient for correcting deviations of the upper tower of the borehole and controlling deviations of adjacent boreholes and deviations in the borehole. To facilitate freezing borehole construction and improve construction efficiency, the fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer for freezing boreholes has been developed based on the layout characteristics of vertical shaft freezing and inclined shaft vertical hole freezing boreholes, realizing the conversion between the absolute orientation of the freezing borehole deviation and the relative orientation in the borehole.

[0053] The conversion between absolute bearing and relative bearing within the well is as follows:

[0054] Based on the characteristics of vertical shaft freezing holes being evenly distributed around the well center with the same radius and sequentially numbered starting from near due north, the conversion formula between absolute azimuth and relative azimuth in the well is as follows:

[0055] α 井中方位 =β 正北方位 +180°-γ 初始方位 -360°÷n×(s-1)

[0056] Where, α 井中方位 The azimuth angle in the borehole is displayed in the range of 0°-360°. If the calculated result is greater than 360°, subtract 360°. If the calculated result is negative, add 360°.

[0057] β 正北方位 The borehole deflection angle to true north as measured by a fiber optic gyroscope;

[0058] γ 初始方位 The angle between the 0° line in the due north direction and the line connecting the borehole No. 1 to the well in the clockwise direction;

[0059] n: Number of holes in the freezing hole array of this ring;

[0060] s: Frozen hole number.

[0061] Based on the characteristic that the azimuth angle of the vertical hole freezing hole in the inclined shaft is the same as the azimuth angle of the shaft axis, the conversion formula between absolute azimuth and relative azimuth in the well is as follows:

[0062] α 井中方位 = β 正北方位 -γ 井筒轴线方位

[0063] α 井中方位 : Azimuth angle in the borehole (azimuth angle measured clockwise with the azimuth angle of the well shaft axis as 0°), displayed in 0°-360°. If the calculated result is negative, add 360°.

[0064] β 正北方位 The borehole deflection angle to true north as measured by a fiber optic gyroscope;

[0065] γ 井筒轴线方位 The angle between the 0° line in the due north direction and the design axis of the wellbore, clockwise.

[0066] Based on the characteristics of high frequency of inclination measurement in frozen holes, short measurement segment height, and absolute azimuth measurement of fiber optic gyroscope inclination and orientation instruments for frozen holes (i.e., vertical guide holes), an incremental splicing inclination measurement mode of fiber optic gyroscope was developed. This mode utilizes the inclination data of already measured segments to splice measurements and generate the borehole trajectory, reducing a large number of repetitive and invalid measurements in the upper part of the borehole, improving inclination measurement efficiency, and reducing instrument operating time. The specific details are as follows:

[0067] Incremental splicing tilt measurement operation method:

[0068] Without starting the inclinometer, use a well logging winch to lower the instrument to the bottom of the measured section at high speed and record the instrument depth using the winch.

[0069] Select the borehole measurement data, enter the current depth of the instrument, and start the instrument to begin measurement.

[0070] Incremental stitching inclinometer mode technology principle:

[0071] The incremental stitching inclinometer mode utilizes the absolute azimuth plus continuous measurement method of a frozen-hole fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer. It uses the instrument to find north within the borehole to determine the current absolute azimuth of the attitude angle. Then, it incrementally stitches together existing inclination data for that depth. Specifically, the depth measurement data is the instrument's current depth measurement data, the inclination data is incrementally stitched based on the original borehole inclination data for that depth, and the azimuth data is measured based on the absolute azimuth of the instrument's attitude angle determined by finding north within the borehole. Traditional mechanical gyroscopes use a relative azimuth measurement mode, where the azimuth angle needs to be accumulated from the borehole opening to the bottom. Without the borehole opening azimuth, measurement is impossible, making the incremental stitching inclinometer mode unfeasible.

[0072] The incremental splicing inclinometer mode makes two assumptions: first, the north-finding results of the existing inclinometer data in the borehole are the same as the north-finding results of the instrument in the borehole; second, the attitude and position of the instrument when finding north in the borehole are the same as the attitude and position of the existing inclinometer data at that depth.

[0073] Application effect of incremental splicing inclinometer mode:

[0074] The incremental splicing inclination measurement mode has shown significant effectiveness in ultra-deep frozen borehole field applications, achieving measurement accuracy indistinguishable from conventional methods. This mode avoids redundant and ineffective inclination measurements at the top of the borehole, improving measurement efficiency and reducing instrument operating time. During construction, it can save 50%-70% of instrument operating time, reduce inclination measurement time by 30%-40%, extend instrument lifespan, improve borehole inclination measurement and construction efficiency, shorten construction period, and significantly reduce instrument operating costs.

[0075] Automatic scanning generates the spacing between adjacent holes. Freezing boreholes involve group drilling, and during the drilling process, it's necessary to refer to the deviation of adjacent boreholes, i.e., to calculate the spacing between the currently drilling borehole and its surrounding adjacent boreholes at different levels (hole depths). Previously, during freezing borehole construction, the drilling trajectory had to be manually drawn on drawing software based on borehole deviation data, and the spacing between adjacent boreholes had to be measured on the drawing. This process was cumbersome, inefficient, and prone to errors. To improve construction efficiency and reduce statistical errors, a freezing borehole fiber optic gyroscope inclinometer was developed to automatically scan and generate the spacing between adjacent holes. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0076] Step 1: Calculate the coordinates of the borehole opening in the same coordinate system:

[0077] Based on the characteristics of vertical shaft freezing holes being evenly distributed around the well center with the same radius and sequentially numbered starting from near due north, the formula for calculating the borehole coordinates is as follows:

[0078] The borehole position X coordinate = SIN(360°÷n×(S-1)+γ) 初始方位 )×R

[0079] The Y-coordinate of the borehole position = COS(360°÷n×(S-1)+γ) 初始方位 )×R

[0080] γ 初始方位 The angle between the 0° line in the due north direction and the line connecting the borehole No. 1 to the well in the clockwise direction;

[0081] n: Number of holes in the freezing hole array of this ring;

[0082] S: Frozen hole number;

[0083] R: Drilling radius;

[0084] The coordinate system for calculating the spacing between adjacent holes in a vertical shaft freezing hole is as follows: the origin is set in the middle of the shaft, and the positive direction of the Y-axis is due north.

[0085] The vertical borehole freezing method for inclined shafts is based on the characteristics of having the same azimuth angle between the advance axis of the borehole layout and the azimuth angle of the wellbore axis, a fixed distance between the borehole layout axes of different rows of boreholes and the center axis of the wellbore, and equal spacing between boreholes in the same row. The formula for calculating the borehole opening coordinates is as follows:

[0086] The X-coordinate of the borehole position = the amount of deviation of the borehole axis relative to the Y-axis (left is negative and right is positive);

[0087] The Y-coordinate of the borehole position = (S-1) × the spacing between boreholes in this row;

[0088] The coordinate system for calculating the spacing between adjacent holes in the vertical shaft of the inclined shaft is as follows: the origin is set at the intersection of the hole layout axis of the end cap hole in this section and the design axis of the shaft, and the forward direction of the hole layout axis is the positive direction of the Y-axis.

[0089] Step 2: Calculate the coordinates of different horizontal (hole depth) points in the borehole;

[0090] Vertical shaft freezing hole:

[0091] X-coordinate at different levels (hole depth) = X-coordinate of borehole position + X-axis offset of borehole at that level:

[0092] Y-coordinate at different levels (hole depth) = Y-coordinate of borehole position + Y-axis offset of borehole at that level:

[0093] Vertical shaft freezing:

[0094] X-coordinate for different levels (hole depth) = X-coordinate of borehole position + X-axis offset of borehole at that level × SIN (azimuth angle of the borehole at that level);

[0095] Y-coordinate for different levels (hole depth) = Y-coordinate of borehole position + Y-axis offset of borehole + Y-axis offset of borehole at that level × COS (azimuth of the borehole at that level);

[0096] The distance between adjacent boreholes can be calculated using the formula for the distance between two points in the same coordinate system.

[0097] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-precision fiber-optic gyroscopic surveying and orienting device for frozen holes, comprising a ground equipment, a gyroscopic surveying device and a gyroscopic orienting device, characterized in that: The ground equipment is electrically connected to a probe core (2). The probe core (2) is equipped with a tilt simulation system. An anti-vibration shell (1) is installed on the outside of the probe core (2). The probe core (2) includes an upper end (21), a sensor assembly compartment (22), an electronic circuit compartment (24), and a lower end (213). Vibration damping components are provided between the sensor assembly compartment (22) and the electronic circuit compartment (24) and between the electronic circuit compartment (24) and the lower end (213). The vibration damping components include a shock absorber shell (26), a sliding rod (27), and a buffer plate (28). The shock absorber housing (26) is sleeved on the outside of the sliding rod (27), and the buffer plate (28) is fixedly installed on the outside of the sliding rod (27). Both sides of the buffer plate (28) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shock absorber housing (26) with elastic tubes (29). Multiple guide holes (212) are opened on the outside of the buffer plate (28). The vibration-damping shell (1) includes an upper shell (11), a middle shell (12) and a lower shell (13), and the shock absorber shell (26) of the bottom vibration damping assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the lower shell (13); The shock absorber housing (26) of the top vibration damping assembly is fixedly installed inside the middle housing (12). The sensor assembly compartment (22) is located inside the upper housing (11). The upper end (21) is fixedly inserted into the top of the inner cavity of the upper housing (11). Rubber rings (23) are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the outer side of the sensor assembly compartment (22). The rubber rings (23) abut against the inner wall of the upper housing (11). Two annular grooves (214) are opened on the outer side of the shock absorber housing (26) of the top vibration damping assembly. The annular grooves (214) are provided with... Rubber ring three (215), the inner wall of rubber ring three (215) is fixedly connected to the shock absorber shell (26), the bottom end of the upper shell (11) is fixedly connected to external threaded part one (14), the top end of the lower shell (13) is fixedly connected to external threaded part two (16), the top and bottom of the inner cavity of the middle shell (12) are provided with threaded grooves (15), the external threaded part one (14) and the external threaded part two (16) are respectively set in the two threaded grooves (15), and the external threaded part one (14) and the external threaded part two (16) are both threadedly connected to the middle shell (12); The tilt simulation system includes a signal conditioning module electrically connected to a gyro inclinometer and a gyro orientation instrument. The output of the signal conditioning module is electrically connected to an encoder. The output of the encoder is electrically connected to an acquisition and processing circuit. The output of the acquisition and processing circuit is electrically connected to a data integration module and a data storage module. The output of the data integration module is electrically connected to a control transmission circuit, which is electrically connected to ground equipment. The output of the control transmission circuit is electrically connected to a parameter generation module and a temperature compensation component. The output of the parameter generation module is electrically connected to the data storage module, and the output of the data storage module is electrically connected to the data integration module.

2. A high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope surveying and orienting apparatus for a frozen hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer plate (28) is located inside the shock absorber housing (26). Multiple guide grooves (210) are provided on the outer side of the buffer plate (28). Guide rods (211) are passed through the guide grooves (210). The guide rods (211) are fixedly installed inside the shock absorber housing (26).

3. The high-precision FOG surveying and orienting instrument for frozen hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the bottom vibration damping assembly, the sliding rod (27) is fixedly connected at both ends to the lower end (213) and the electronic circuit compartment (24), respectively. In the top vibration damping assembly, the sliding rod (27) is fixedly connected at both ends to the electronic circuit compartment (24) and the sensor assembly compartment (22), respectively.

4. The high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope surveying and orienting apparatus for frozen hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end (213) is inserted into the bottom of the inner cavity of the lower housing (13), the electronic circuit compartment (24) is located inside the lower housing (13), and rubber rings (25) are fixedly installed on the top and bottom of the outer side of the electronic circuit compartment (24), and the rubber rings (25) abut against the inner wall of the lower housing (13).

5. The high-precision FOG surveying orientation instrument for frozen hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input terminal of the signal conditioning module is electrically connected to an electromagnetic radiation analyzer and a temperature sensor.

6. A high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope surveying directional instrument for frozen hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground equipment includes an operating interface, a 3D image generation model, a database, and a data transceiver module.

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