A soft rock tunnel construction support trolley

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a soft rock stratum tunnel construction support trolley, which comprises a portal assembly, a support assembly and a flexible support system. The lower end of the portal assembly is provided with a walking mechanism. The support assembly is provided with a plurality of support arches, and the outer peripheral wall of the support arches is provided with a receiving groove. Each support arch is composed of a plurality of arch beams and two arch feet, and the arch beams abut each other through the inclined surfaces on both sides. The flexible support system is provided with an air bag unit, which is received in the receiving groove during walking and is inflated and exposed outside the support arch during supporting, actively adapting to the surrounding rock contour and exerting a buffer pressure. The present application realizes rapid deployment and emergency support, effectively stabilizes the soft rock stratum, and creates safe conditions for the construction of permanent support.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a soft rock stratum tunnel construction support trolley. BACKGROUND

[0002] When tunnel construction is carried out in adverse geological sections such as soft soil, broken rock stratum and high ground stress, the timeliness and effectiveness of the initial support directly affect the safety and progress of the project. Traditional initial support methods, such as grid arches or steel arches combined with sprayed concrete, are mature and reliable structural supports that form the main body of the permanent support of the tunnel. However, in the face of sudden surrounding rock instability, water and sand inrush, or the need for rapid temporary reinforcement of local weak sections before permanent support, the traditional support has limitations in response speed and adaptability due to its relatively complex process, limited immediate adhesion to the surrounding rock, and insufficient rapid sealing ability for sudden stress and seepage.

[0003] Especially in soft rock strata, local collapse and deformation have significant expansion and chain reaction characteristics, which have become a prominent challenge in tunnel engineering. Soft rock, represented by phyllite and carbonaceous slate, is extremely sensitive to water. For example, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of phyllite can decrease by about 60%-70% after being fully soaked in water. After tunnel excavation, the rock mass in the local water infiltration area softens and its strength drops sharply, which in turn induces instability and deformation at this location. Such local damage can disturb the surrounding rock that is already in a high stress state, causing stress redistribution and leading to the expansion of the damage range like a "domino effect", forming a progressive loosening. In engineering, local collapse or large deformation can quickly cause the entire section of steel arch to twist, invade the limit, and even fail.

[0004] Therefore, a rapid support scheme that can work in coordination with traditional permanent support and is suitable for emergency rescue and temporary auxiliary reinforcement is urgently needed during tunnel construction. This provides time for the implementation of safe and complete traditional permanent support and provides a stable working environment. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a soft rock stratum tunnel construction support trolley, which aims to provide a support device that can be quickly deployed, actively adapt to the surrounding rock profile, and exert a certain buffer pressure to stabilize the rock mass.

[0006] According to the soft rock stratum tunnel construction support trolley of the present application, the support trolley comprises:

[0007] The portal assembly is provided with a walking mechanism at the lower end of the portal assembly;

[0008] Support assembly, which is provided with a plurality of support arches outside the portal assembly; the outer peripheral wall of the support arch is provided with a receiving groove; each support arch is provided with N arch beams and 2 arch feet, the two sides of the arch beam are respectively provided with a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface, the first inclined surface of the arch beam abuts the second inclined surface of the adjacent arch beam; 2 arch feet are arranged at both ends of the support arch; wherein, 4≤N≤12;

[0009] Flexible support system, which is provided with an air bag unit, in the walking state, the air bag unit is accommodated in the receiving groove, in the supporting state, the air bag unit is inflated and exposed outside the support arch.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the application, the portal assembly comprises a first gantry, a second gantry, a main beam, a secondary beam, a truss, a mounting bracket and a wing plate; the crossbeam of the first gantry and the crossbeam of the second gantry are fixedly connected through the main beam; the leg of the first gantry and the leg of the second gantry are fixedly connected through the secondary beam; the main beam is fixedly connected through the truss; the wing plate is fixedly arranged on the secondary beam at both sides of the portal assembly; the mounting bracket is arranged on the truss along the length direction of the portal assembly.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the application, the walking mechanism comprises a first hydraulic cylinder, a wheel seat, a track wheel and a first mounting seat, the first mounting seat and the leg are fixedly connected; the upper end of the wheel seat and the leg are slidingly connected, the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder and the first mounting seat are rotationally connected, the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder and the wheel seat are rotationally connected; the track wheel and the wheel seat are rotationally connected; the track wheel is rollingly arranged on the steel rail.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the application, the portal assembly is provided with an auxiliary support mechanism, the auxiliary support mechanism comprises a support seat, a support block, a reset spring, a ratchet bar, a ratchet block and a limiting rod; the lower end of the support seat and the wheel seat are fixedly connected, the upper end of the support block and the leg are fixedly connected, the support block and the support seat are slidingly connected in the vertical direction; the ratchet bar and the support block are fixedly connected, the limiting rod and the support seat are slidingly connected in the horizontal direction, one end of the limiting rod and the ratchet block are fixedly connected; the reset spring is sleeved on the limiting rod, one end of the reset spring abuts against the support seat, the other end of the reset spring abuts against the ratchet block.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the application, the support assembly comprises a first hydraulic mechanism and a second hydraulic mechanism, the arch beam and the portal assembly are connected through the first hydraulic mechanism; the arch foot and the portal assembly are connected through the second hydraulic mechanism.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first hydraulic mechanism comprises a hydraulic base, a first shear frame, a second shear frame, a support shaft and a second hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic base and the portal assembly are fixedly connected; the first shear frame and the support shaft are rotationally connected, one end of the first shear frame is slidably connected with the hydraulic base, and the other end of the first shear frame is rotationally connected with the arch beam; the second shear frame and the support shaft are rotationally connected, one end of the second shear frame is rotationally connected with the hydraulic base, and the other end of the second shear frame is slidably connected with the arch beam; the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected with the hydraulic base, and the cylinder rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected with the support shaft.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the second hydraulic mechanism comprises a third hydraulic cylinder and a fourth hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of the third hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected with the portal assembly, and the cylinder rod of the third hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected with the arch foot in a horizontal direction; the cylinder body of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected with the portal assembly, and the cylinder rod of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected with the arch foot in an obliquely downward direction.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the support assembly comprises a foot and a horseshoe part, the upper end of the foot is fixedly connected with the arch foot, and the lower end of the foot is fixedly connected with the horseshoe part; the horseshoe part is clamped on a sleeper.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the air bag unit is sequentially provided with a high-pressure inner container, a buffer layer and a wear-resistant layer from inside to outside, a plurality of partitions are arranged in the high-pressure inner container, and the partitions separate the high-pressure inner container into a plurality of relatively independent air chambers; the high-pressure inner container is provided with one air valve corresponding to each air chamber.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, the flexible support system comprises a plurality of limiting mechanisms, and the limiting mechanisms are uniformly arranged on the arch beam in a circumferential direction of the support arch; the limiting mechanism comprises a limiting shaft, a limiting roller, a joint bearing, a first spring and a limiting ring, a shaft sleeve is arranged in the arch beam, the lower end of the limiting shaft is slidably connected with the shaft sleeve, the upper end of the limiting shaft is fixedly connected with the arch beam and the joint bearing, the limiting ring is threadedly connected with the limiting shaft, the first spring is sleeved on the limiting shaft, one end of the first spring abuts against the arch beam, and the other end of the first spring abuts against the limiting ring; the two ends of the limiting roller are rotationally connected with the joint bearings on the two sides of the arch beam, and the circumferential wall of the limiting roller abuts against the air bag unit.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, a soft rock tunnel construction support trolley has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] According to the scheme of the present application, the soft rock tunnel construction support trolley provided by the present application solves the problems of insufficient response speed, limited instant fitting and difficulty in quickly closing sudden stress and seepage of the conventional primary support in the poor geological section.

[0021] According to the scheme of the present application, the portal assembly serves as a mounting base to provide a mounting platform for other structures, and provides a safe construction area for the area below the portal assembly. The walking mechanism at the lower end of the portal assembly enables the device to quickly move and quickly respond, so that the device can arrive at the reinforcement section in time and shorten the emergency response time.

[0022] According to the scheme of the present application, the support assembly arranged outside the portal assembly constitutes a preliminary rigid support frame. Each support arch is provided with at least a plurality of arch beams and two arch feet. The first and second inclined surfaces arranged on both sides of the arch beam enable the adjacent arch beams to abut each other through the inclined surfaces. The semicircular arch structure formed by splicing the arch beams can transmit the surrounding rock pressure load received on the circumference to both sides of the arch beam and finally collect it to the arch feet. This structure maximizes the mechanical properties of the arch structure to mainly bear compressive stress, significantly reduces the bending stress inside the structure, and thus improves the overall bearing efficiency and stability of the support arch. The inclined surface design between the arch beams not only realizes quick splicing, but also produces a mutual locking effect when stressed, enhancing the local shear resistance. The pressure received by all the arch beams is finally transmitted to the tunnel base or the pre-constructed primary support structure through the arch feet at both ends, ensuring the overall stability of the support assembly in a complex stress environment.

[0023] According to the scheme of the present application, the receiving groove arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the support arch provides a receiving space for the flexible support system. The air bag unit of the flexible support system is received in the receiving groove in the walking state without interfering with the movement and initial erection of the trolley. When entering the support state, the air bag unit can quickly expand and appear outside the support arch, directly contacting the surrounding rock. The expanded air bag unit can actively fill the gap between the support arch and the irregular surrounding rock, apply uniform buffer pressure, instantly inhibit the loosening of the surrounding rock, and quickly close the water seepage and sand gushing point. This mechanism effectively makes up for the short board of the limited instant fitting of the traditional support, stabilizes the local softened rock mass by actively applying pressure, prevents the progressive expansion of the instability range, and thus creates a safe and stable working environment for subsequent implementation of permanent support. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a working state structure schematic diagram of the present application.

[0025] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of the portal assembly of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of the present application; Figure 3 A partial structural enlarged schematic diagram of A of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 A sectional structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary support mechanism of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6 A structural schematic diagram of the support assembly and flexible support system of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 A sectional structural schematic diagram of the arch beam and limiting mechanism of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 A structural schematic diagram of the first hydraulic mechanism of the present application;

[0032] Figure 9 A sectional structural schematic diagram of the air bag unit of the present application.

[0033] In the figure:

[0034] 100-portal assembly, 110-first portal, 111-cross beam, 112-leg, 120-second portal, 130-main beam, 140-secondary beam, 150-truss, 160-mounting bracket, 170-wing plate, 180-traveling mechanism, 181-first hydraulic cylinder, 182-wheel seat, 183-rail wheel, 184-first mounting seat, 190-auxiliary support mechanism, 191-support seat, 192-support block, 193-return spring, 194-rack, 195-rack block, 196-limiting rod;

[0035] 200-support assembly, 210-support arch, 211-receiving groove, 212-arch beam, 2121-first inclined surface, 2122-second inclined surface, 2123-axle sleeve, 213-arch foot, 2131-foot, 2132-horseshoe part, 220-first hydraulic mechanism, 221-hydraulic base, 222-first shear frame, 223-second shear frame, 224-support shaft, 225-second hydraulic cylinder, 230-second hydraulic mechanism, 231-third hydraulic cylinder, 232-fourth hydraulic cylinder;

[0036] 300 - flexible support system, 310 - air bag unit, 311 - high pressure liner, 312 - buffer layer, 313 - wear-resistant layer, 314 - partition layer, 315 - air valve, 320 - limiting mechanism, 321 - limiting shaft, 322 - limiting roller, 323 - joint bearing, 324 - first spring, 325 - limiting ring;

[0037] 400 - rail, 500 - sleeper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, which show by way of example, embodiments in which the same or similar elements have the same or similar reference numbers. The embodiments described below are examples only, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0039] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation description, such as the orientation or position relationship indicated by up, down, etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0040] In the description of the present application, the plural refers to two or more. If there is a description of first, second, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the sequence of technical features indicated.

[0041] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be broadly understood, and the person skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 9As shown, the present application discloses a kind of soft rock stratum tunnel construction support trolley, soft rock stratum tunnel construction support trolley includes portal assembly 100, support assembly 200 and flexible support system 300;Wherein, the lower end of portal assembly 100 is provided with traveling mechanism 180;Support assembly 200 is provided with a plurality of support arches 210 outside portal assembly 100;Support arch 210 is provided with receiving groove 211 on the outer peripheral wall;Each support arch 210 is provided with N arch beam 212 and 2 arch foot 213, the two sides of arch beam 212 are provided with first inclined plane 2121 and second inclined plane 2122 respectively, arch beam 212 is abutted with the second inclined plane 2122 of adjacent arch beam 212 by first inclined plane 2121;2 arch feet 213 are arranged at the two ends of support arch 210;Wherein, 4≤N≤12;Specifically, in the embodiment, N is 6.Flexible support system 300 is provided with air bag unit 310, in traveling state, air bag unit 310 is received in receiving groove 211, in support state, air bag unit 310 is inflated and exposed to the outside of support arch 210.In the embodiment, in response to the problems of insufficient response speed, limited immediate fitting and difficult to quickly close mutation stress and seepage of traditional initial support in adverse geological section, the soft rock stratum tunnel construction support trolley provided in the scheme realizes the emergency support capability of rapid deployment, active adaptation to surrounding rock and buffer pressure by the collaborative design of portal assembly 100, support assembly 200 and flexible support system 300.Specifically, portal assembly 100 serves as a mounting base to provide a mounting platform for other structures, and provides a safe construction area for the area below portal assembly 100, and traveling mechanism 180 at the lower end of portal assembly 100 enables the device to move quickly and respond quickly, so that it can arrive at the reinforcement section in time and shorten the emergency response time.In the embodiment, traveling mechanism 180 can be designed according to the specific conditions of construction site, for example, the tunnel construction with steel rail 400 can set traveling mechanism 180 as roller type, and the tunnel construction without steel rail can set traveling mechanism 180 as caterpillar type.

[0043] In the embodiment, the device adopts modular design, and the number of support arch 210 and air bag unit 310 can be customized according to actual working conditions.When the device is used as a tunnel auxiliary construction equipment, support arch 210 can be set to 1-3, corresponding to the corresponding construction condition, and support arch 210 and air bag unit 310 can be set to 3 groups, of which 2 support arch 210 and air bag unit 310 can be used as main support, and the remaining 1 support arch 210 and air bag unit 310 can be used as a margin.When the device is used as a tunnel emergency protection equipment, other number of support arch 210 and air bag unit 310 can be selected according to the emergency area.

[0044] In the embodiment, refer to Figures 1 to 3As shown, the support assembly 200 is composed of several support arches 210 arranged outside the portal assembly 100, which constitutes a preliminary rigid support frame. Each support arch 210 is provided with at least a plurality of arch beams 212 and two arch feet 213. The first and second inclined surfaces 2121 and 2122 respectively arranged on both sides of the arch beam 212 enable the adjacent arch beams 212 to abut each other through the inclined surfaces. The semicircular arch structure formed by splicing the arch beams 212 can transmit the surrounding rock pressure load borne on the circumference to both sides of the arch beam 212 and finally to the arch feet 213. This structure maximizes the mechanical properties of the arch structure mainly for bearing compressive stress, significantly reduces the bending stress inside the structure, and thus improves the overall carrying efficiency and stability of the support arch 210. The inclined surface design between the arch beams 212 not only realizes quick splicing, but also produces a mutual locking effect when stressed, enhancing the local shear resistance. The pressure borne by all the arch beams 212 is finally transmitted to the tunnel base or the preliminary support structure made in advance through the arch feet 213 at both ends, ensuring the overall stability of the support assembly 200 in a complex stress environment. In this embodiment, when manufacturing the support arch 210, the number of arch beams 212 is set based on the tunnel parameters and mechanical simulation of the number N of arch beams 212 of the support arch 210, with the core target being to have mechanical properties while ensuring structural strength. The formula for the number N is:

[0045] N = ceil[(k * C s * π * D t ) / L max ]

[0046] where ceil is the ceiling function, ensuring that N is an integer and the total splicing length is not less than the required circumferential length. D t is the equivalent diameter of the tunnel design excavation profile, with the unit being m. For a non-circular cross-section, the average value of the equivalent circular diameter or the height and span can be used as the characteristic dimension. L max is the maximum allowable length of a single arch beam 212, with the unit being m. This length is determined by the material transportation, on-site installation convenience, component anti-instability ability and processing cost, and is the key construction constraint parameter for controlling N. k is the profile adaptation coefficient. The profile adaptation coefficient is used to correct the ideal circumferential length to consider the increase in the actual fitting length requirement of the arch beam 212 due to the complexity of the tunnel cross-section shape and the irregularity of the surrounding rock surface. Generally, k ≥ 1, for regular profile and smooth rock surface conditions, 1.0 ≤ k ≤ 1.3; for complex profile and significantly concave-convex rock surface conditions, 1.3 ≤ k ≤ 1.5. The value of k can be determined based on historical engineering data or statistical analysis of the unevenness of the excavation surface by three-dimensional laser scanning. C s is the shape factor, and for a circular cross-section, C s = 1.

[0047] In this embodiment, with reference toFigure 6 As shown, the receiving groove 211 provided on the outer peripheral wall of the support arch 210 provides a receiving space for the flexible support system 300. The air bag unit 310 of the flexible support system 300 is received in the receiving groove 211 in the walking state and does not interfere with the movement and initial erection of the trolley. When entering the support state, the air bag unit 310 can be rapidly inflated and exposed outside the support arch 210, directly contacting the surrounding rock. The inflated air bag unit 310 can actively fill the gap between the support arch 210 and the irregular surrounding rock, apply uniform buffer pressure, immediately inhibit the loosening of the surrounding rock, and quickly seal the water seepage and sand gushing point. This mechanism effectively makes up for the short board of the limited immediate fitting of the traditional support, stabilizes the local softened rock mass by actively applying pressure, prevents progressive expansion of the instability range, and thus creates a safe and stable working face environment for subsequent implementation of permanent support.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the portal assembly 100 includes a first portal frame 110, a second portal frame 120, a main beam 130, a secondary beam 140, a truss 150, a mounting bracket 160, and a wing plate 170; the cross beams 111 of the first portal frame 110 and the cross beams 111 of the second portal frame 120 are fixedly connected by the main beam 130; the legs 112 of the first portal frame 110 and the legs 112 of the second portal frame 120 are fixedly connected by the secondary beam 140; the main beams 130 are fixedly connected by the truss 150; the wing plates 170 are fixedly arranged on the secondary beams 140 on both sides of the portal assembly 100; and the mounting bracket 160 is arranged on the truss 150 along the length direction of the portal assembly 100. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the cross beams 111 of the first portal frame 110 and the second portal frame 120 are fixedly connected by the main beam 130, and the two legs 112 are fixedly connected by the secondary beam 140, which significantly enhances the structural rigidity and overall stability of the portal assembly 100 in the longitudinal and transverse directions, providing a more reliable foundation bearing frame for the support assembly 200 and the flexible support system 300. The main beams 130 are fixedly connected by the truss 150, effectively improving the bending and torsional resistance of the portal assembly 100 under complex stress conditions. The mounting bracket 160 is arranged on the truss 150 along the length direction of the portal assembly 100, and the wing plates 170 are fixedly arranged on the secondary beams 140 on both sides of the portal assembly 100. The arrangement of the mounting bracket 160 and the wing plate 170 provides a multi-point, stable, and longitudinally distributed connection foundation for the several support arches 210 on the outside. Thus, the support assembly 200 composed of multiple support arches 210 can be cooperatively stressed as a whole, effectively resisting uneven loads from the surrounding rock.

[0049] With reference to Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, the walking mechanism 180 comprises a first hydraulic cylinder 181, a wheel seat 182, a track wheel 183 and a first mounting base 184, which is fixedly connected with the support leg 112; the upper end of the wheel seat 182 is slidingly connected with the support leg 112, the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 181 is rotationally connected with the first mounting base 184, the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 181 is rotationally connected with the wheel seat 182; the track wheel 183 is rotationally connected with the wheel seat 182; and the track wheel 183 is arranged to roll on the steel rail 400. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the walking mechanism 180 is fixedly connected with the support leg 112 of the portal assembly 100 through the first mounting base 184, thereby ensuring the stable installation of the mechanism and the main body structure. The upper end of the wheel seat 182 is slidingly connected with the support leg 112, which allows the wheel seat 182 to move up and down relative to the support leg 112 in the vertical direction. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 181 is rotationally connected with the first mounting base 184, and the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 181 is rotationally connected with the wheel seat 182, thereby forming an actively driven lifting mechanism. The track wheel 183 is rotationally connected with the wheel seat 182 and arranged to roll on the pre-laid steel rail 400.

[0050] In the moving state, the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 181 is extended to drive the wheel seat 182 to slide downward along the support leg 112, thereby lifting the portal assembly 100 as a whole, so that the track wheel 183 is compacted on the steel rail 400 and provides rolling support. At this time, the trolley runs along the steel rail 400 through the track wheel 183, and can be quickly and accurately moved to the poor geological section. Rapid deployment is achieved.

[0051] In the supporting state, the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 181 is actively retracted to drive the wheel seat 182 to slide upward along the support leg 112, thereby causing the portal assembly 100 and the support assembly 200 outside it to descend as a whole. Until each support arch 210 of the support assembly 200 and the arch foot 213 thereof stably contact the tunnel base or the pre-set foundation, the trolley load is completely transmitted to the ground. At this time, the track wheel 183 still contacts the steel rail 400, but is basically unloaded, mainly playing a safety limiting role. This process realizes the active and controllable switching from the walking load-bearing mode to the direct load-bearing mode by the support assembly 200.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the portal assembly 100 is provided with an auxiliary support mechanism 190, which includes a support base 191, a support block 192, a reset spring 193, a ratchet bar 194, a ratchet block 195 and a limiting rod 196; the lower end of the support base 191 is fixedly connected with the wheel base 182, the upper end of the support block 192 is fixedly connected with the support leg 112, and the support block 192 and the support base 191 are slidingly connected in the vertical direction; the ratchet bar 194 is fixedly connected with the support block 192, the limiting rod 196 is slidingly connected with the support base 191 in the horizontal direction, and one end of the limiting rod 196 is fixedly connected with the ratchet block 195; the reset spring 193 is sleeved on the limiting rod 196, one end of the reset spring 193 abuts against the support base 191, and the other end of the reset spring 193 abuts against the ratchet block 195. Specifically, in the embodiment, the lower end of the support base 191 is fixedly connected with the wheel base 182 of the walking mechanism 180, and the upper end of the support block 192 is fixedly connected with the support leg 112 of the portal assembly 100, and the two are slidingly connected in the vertical direction, so that the support block 192 can slide up and down relative to the support base 191. The ratchet bar 194 is fixedly connected with the support block 192 and moves integrally therewith. The limiting rod 196 is slidingly connected with the support base 191 in the horizontal direction, and one end of the limiting rod 196 is fixedly connected with the ratchet block 195. The reset spring 193 is sleeved on the limiting rod 196, and the two ends of the reset spring 193 abut against the support base 191 and the ratchet block 195 respectively, so as to provide the ratchet block 195 with an elastic force tending to engage.

[0053] In the moving state, when the first hydraulic cylinder 181 lifts the portal assembly 100, the support block 192 slides upward relative to the support base 191 along with the support leg 112. At this time, the tooth surface of the ratchet bar 194 and the ratchet block 195 are kept in contact under the action of the reset spring 193, but since the relative movement direction is allowed, the ratchet block 195 can slide along the tooth surface, forming “one-way traffic”, and this process will not hinder the lifting.

[0054] In the supporting state, the first hydraulic cylinder 181 is retracted, and the portal assembly 100 is lowered. At this time, the support block 192 moves downward relative to the support base 191. The ratchet block 195 will immediately be clamped into the tooth groove of the ratchet bar 194 under the action of the reset spring 193, forming mechanical engagement. The support block 192 and the support base 191 are locked in the vertical direction. When unlocking is needed, the limiting rod 196 is moved by manual or mechanical structure control, so that the ratchet bar 194 and the ratchet block 195 are separated.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figures 6 to 8As shown, the support assembly 200 includes a first hydraulic mechanism 220 and a second hydraulic mechanism, the arch beams 212 are connected to the portal assembly 100 through the first hydraulic mechanism 220, and the arch feet 213 are connected to the portal assembly 100 through the second hydraulic mechanism. In the support state, the first hydraulic mechanism 220 and the second hydraulic mechanism can actively exert and maintain the required force. This force is not only used to control all the arch beams 212 and the arch feet 213 to remain in the designed spatial position to form a stable support arch 210 profile, but more importantly, it can dynamically balance the non-uniform load transmitted by the air bag unit 310 of the flexible support system 300 due to uneven deformation or local weakness of the surrounding rock. This active force balancing mechanism significantly enhances the load redundancy and anti-unbalanced load capacity of the support arch 210 as a whole structure, effectively prevents arch instability caused by local stress concentration, and ensures the integrity of the temporary support system. Before entering the walking state, the second hydraulic mechanism can actively contract to control the arch feet 213 to retract inward and lift up, so that they are completely separated from the ground. This function completely avoids the arch feet 213 from scratching or colliding with ground obstacles when the trolley moves, ensuring the safety and smoothness of the moving process, and also protecting the arch feet 213 structure itself from damage.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figure 3As shown, the first hydraulic mechanism 220 includes a hydraulic base 221, a first shear frame 222, a second shear frame 223, a support shaft 224 and a second hydraulic cylinder 225, the hydraulic base 221 is fixedly connected with the portal assembly 100; the first shear frame 222 is rotatably connected with the support shaft 224, one end of the first shear frame 222 is slidably connected with the hydraulic base 221, and the other end of the first shear frame 222 is rotatably connected with the arch beam 212; the second shear frame 223 is rotatably connected with the support shaft 224, one end of the second shear frame 223 is rotatably connected with the hydraulic base 221, and the other end of the second shear frame 223 is slidably connected with the arch beam 212; the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 225 is rotatably connected with the hydraulic base 221, and the cylinder rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 225 is rotatably connected with the support shaft 224. Specifically, in the embodiment, compared with the direct linear connection driving mode of the traditional hydraulic cylinder and the arch beam 212, the present scheme converts the linear extension and contraction movement of the second hydraulic cylinder 225 into the composite movement of the arch beam 212 relative to the portal assembly 100 at a certain inclination angle with the stress direction through the scissor type structure, the first shear frame 222 and the second shear frame 223 rotating around the support shaft 224 and cooperating with the sliding connection. This conversion makes the complex load, especially the radial pressure and possible tangential component, acting on the arch beam 212 from the surrounding rock, be more effectively transmitted to the hydraulic base 221 and the portal assembly 100 through the shear frame, rather than being directly borne by the cylinder rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 225. Specifically, in the supporting state, when the flexible support system 300 transmits uneven load, the force received by the arch beam 212 will be decomposed through the rotating and sliding connection points, and part of the force will be converted into axial pressure or tension of the scissor structure. The second hydraulic cylinder 225 mainly provides the active control force required to maintain the posture of the mechanism, and bears the component force along the axis direction of the cylinder rod, and the radial component force and bending moment borne by the second hydraulic cylinder 225 are greatly reduced, thereby significantly reducing the risk of abnormal wear of the hydraulic cylinder seal and bending of the piston rod, directly improving the working reliability and service life of the second hydraulic cylinder 225 in long-term, cyclic and partial load working conditions.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figures 6 to 8As shown, the second hydraulic mechanism includes a third hydraulic cylinder 231 and a fourth hydraulic cylinder 232, the cylinder body of the third hydraulic cylinder 231 is rotationally connected with the portal assembly 100, and the cylinder rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 231 is rotationally connected with the arch foot 213 in the horizontal direction; the cylinder body of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 232 is rotationally connected with the portal assembly 100, and the cylinder rod of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 232 is rotationally connected with the arch foot 213 in the downward and inclined direction. Specifically, in the present embodiment, in the supporting state, the third hydraulic cylinder 231 and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 232 can actively exert and maintain the set force. The arch foot 213 is ensured to be in close and stable contact with the tunnel base, and the upper load is effectively transmitted to the foundation. The two sets of hydraulic cylinders work cooperatively to dynamically balance the unbalanced force generated by the arch beam 212 and the arch foot 213 due to uneven surrounding rock conditions or local load changes, thereby significantly enhancing the adaptability and stability of the key force transmission node, i.e., the arch foot 213. When entering the walking state, the third hydraulic cylinder 231 and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 232 can act cooperatively, the third hydraulic cylinder 231 is contracted horizontally, and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 232 is pulled back in the inclined direction, thereby jointly controlling the arch foot 213 to retract inward and upward, so that the arch foot 213 is completely separated from the ground and retracted into the safe transportation profile. This active retracting mechanism completely avoids the interference between the arch foot 213 and the ground or the side wall obstacles when the trolley moves on the track, thereby ensuring the efficiency and safety of the transfer process.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figure 6 As shown, the support assembly 200 includes a support foot 2131 and a horseshoe part 2132, the upper end of the support foot 2131 is fixedly connected with the arch foot 213, and the lower end of the support foot 2131 is fixedly connected with the horseshoe part 2132; the horseshoe part 2132 is clamped on the sleeper 500. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the sleeper 500 can be pre-buried and fixed in the construction area, in the supporting state, the arch foot 213 can be stably clamped on the sleeper 500 through the horseshoe part 2132 at the lower end of the support foot 2131, thereby improving the overall stability.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figure 9As shown, the air bag unit 310 is sequentially provided from inside to outside with a high-pressure inner container 311, a buffer layer 312 and a wear-resistant layer 313. The high-pressure inner container 311 is provided with a plurality of partitions 314, which separate the high-pressure inner container 311 into a plurality of relatively independent air chambers. The high-pressure inner container 311 is provided with an air valve 315 corresponding to each air chamber. Specifically, in this embodiment, the high-pressure inner container 311 serves as the core pressure-bearing layer and expands after inflation to actively and uniformly apply a preset pressure to the surrounding rock, thereby immediately suppressing rock loosening. The partitions 314 inside the high-pressure inner container 311 separate the high-pressure inner container 311 into a plurality of relatively independent air chambers, each of which is equipped with an independent air valve 315. This design can achieve independent inflation and deflation of different regions and pressure regulation. When a local area encounters sharp rocks or sudden concentrated loads, only the air chamber at that location may fail, but the remaining air chambers can still maintain support, preventing the overall function from being lost. The high-pressure inner container 311 can be made of high-strength fiber-reinforced rubber composite material. For example, high-strength nylon 66 or high-toughness polyester filament can be used as the skeleton material, which has excellent tensile strength, fatigue resistance and low creep characteristics. Then, a rubber with excellent air tightness, such as chlorinated butyl rubber, is coated or calendered, and is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure vulcanization to ensure pressure-bearing and air-tightness requirements. The buffer layer 312 is wrapped outside the high-pressure inner container 311 and mainly functions to absorb and disperse instantaneous impact or local stress concentration from the surrounding rock. When the surrounding rock deforms irregularly or collapses locally, the layer of material deforms elastically to consume energy, avoiding the direct transmission of impact loads to the high-pressure inner container 311, thereby protecting it and enabling more uniform distribution of support reaction. The buffer layer 312 can be made of high-elasticity, high-damping synthetic rubber or foam composite material. For example, silicone rubber has stable elasticity and aging resistance in a wide temperature range, or polyurethane elastomer, which has outstanding toughness and energy absorption performance. The buffer performance can be further optimized by foaming process or adding elastic microspheres. The wear-resistant layer 313 serves as the outermost layer and directly contacts the surrounding rock. Its main function is to resist friction and scratching from the rock mass of the excavation face, preventing the inner layer structure from being worn and perforated. At the same time, this layer has flame-retardant properties and can cope with possible electric welding sparks or other fire sources in the tunnel, thereby improving overall safety. The wear-resistant layer 313 can be made of rubber composite material with wear resistance and flame retardation. The base material can be a blend of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber and cis-butadiene rubber to balance elasticity and strength. The flame-retardant function is achieved by adding hyperbranched intumescent flame retardant, and the surface wear resistance and tear resistance are greatly improved by adding reinforcing components such as carbon black, short fibers or nano ceramic particles. Through the design of this structure, the air bag actively applies pressure by expanding to immediately fill all gaps between the support arch and the irregular excavation profile, achieving full-contact support and effectively suppressing early deformation of the surrounding rock. The independent multi-chamber design provides high system redundancy. The accidental damage of a single or a few air chambers will not cause a global failure of the support force, and the pressure loss is strictly limited to the local area, which gives time for rescue and repair and greatly improves the reliability of emergency support.Through the independent air valves 315 of each air chamber, different pressures can be applied to different parts of the tunnel roof, sidewall, etc., or to areas with uneven hardness of rock mass, so as to realize fine adjustment of supporting parameters and adapt to complex geological conditions.

[0060] In some embodiments of the application, reference is made to Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the flexible support system 300 comprises a plurality of limiting mechanisms 320, which are uniformly arranged on the arch beam 212 along the circumference of the support arch 210; the limiting mechanism 320 comprises a limiting shaft 321, a limiting roller 322, a joint bearing 323, a first spring 324 and a limiting ring 325, the arch beam 212 is provided with a shaft sleeve 2123, the lower end of the limiting shaft 321 is in sliding connection with the shaft sleeve 2123, the upper end of the limiting shaft 321 is fixedly connected through the arch beam 212 and the joint bearing 323, the limiting ring 325 is in threaded connection with the limiting shaft 321, the first spring 324 is sleeved on the limiting shaft 321, one end of the first spring 324 abuts against the arch beam 212, and the other end of the first spring 324 abuts against the limiting ring 325; the two ends of the limiting roller 322 are rotatably connected with the joint bearings 323 on the two sides of the arch beam 212, and the circumferential wall of the limiting roller 322 abuts against the air bag unit 310. Specifically, in this embodiment, before construction, the ideal outer supporting surface of the air bag unit 310 is calculated according to the profile of the current tunnel section. By rotating the limiting ring 325, the position of the limiting ring 325 on the shaft can be adjusted, so as to set the maximum extension amount of the limiting shaft 321 sliding out of the shaft sleeve 2123 in the arch beam 212. This extension amount directly determines the limit position that the limiting roller 322 can reach, and when the air bag unit 310 is inflated and expanded, the limiting roller 322 will be pushed outward. The limiting roller 322 is connected with the upper end of the limiting shaft 321 through the joint bearings 323 at the two ends, and this design enables the roller to not only roll to reduce friction, but also adapt to the direction of the air bag surface within a certain angle through the joint bearings 323. The circumferential wall of the limiting roller 322 continuously abuts against the air bag, forming a protective structure composed of a plurality of limiting rollers 322. The first spring 324 sleeved on the limiting shaft 321 has one end abutting against the arch beam 212 and the other end abutting against the limiting ring 325, and constitutes an elastic link. When the air bag pressure abnormally increases or the surrounding rock has a local protrusion, the pressure of the air bag on the limiting roller 322 increases, the spring can be compressed, allowing the limiting shaft 321 to have a small amount of additional retraction, thereby absorbing the instantaneous overload and avoiding hard damage to the mechanism, while feeding back the pressure to the system. Through the design of the structure, the plurality of limiting mechanisms 320 and the limiting rollers 322 thereon uniformly arranged form a fence type mechanical guide surface around the air bag. It forces the inflation process of the air bag to be constrained and guided into the pre-set overall profile, effectively preventing disordered deformation caused by uneven surrounding rock or weak points of the material. By simply rotating the limiting ring 325 to adjust the extension amount of all limiting mechanisms 320, the whole trolley can quickly adapt to different excavation sections or sections with changing profiles, without the need to replace or process any large structural parts, greatly improving the flexibility and response speed of the on-site application. The limiting mechanism 320 and the independent air chamber of the air bag form a perfect complement to the adjustable pressure design.The air chamber provides an active and zonally adjustable supporting force, and the limiting mechanism 320 externally defines the final supporting shape, and the combination of the two achieves the intelligent flexible support with "adjustable internal force and controllable external shape".

[0061] In some embodiments of the present application, the flexible support system 300 includes a gas pressure sensor, a strain sensor matrix, and a displacement sensor. The gas pressure sensor is arranged in each independent air chamber of the air bag unit 310 to directly monitor the real-time internal pressure parameter of each air chamber, which is the basic signal source for pressure closed-loop control. The strain sensor matrix is arranged in a matrix form inside the wear-resistant layer 313 of the air bag unit 310 or at the junction with the buffer layer 312. This sensor network can accurately measure the actual contact stress distribution of the air bag and the surrounding rock contact surface through surface strain inversion calculation. This data directly reflects the effect of the supporting force on the surrounding rock surface, and the core function is to identify two key working conditions: one is the local pressure blank area, i.e., the area where the air bag unit 310 does not fit tightly with the tunnel contour and the supporting force is insufficient; the other is the local pressure concentration area, i.e., the area with potential overload risk. The displacement sensor is arranged on the limiting shaft 321 of the limiting mechanism 320. Its function is to directly measure the actual displacement of the limiting shaft 321. By comparing the collected data with the "dynamic limiting boundary" preset on the digital twin platform in real time, it can accurately judge whether the inflation deformation of the air bag is in a controlled state, preventing disordered deformation. All the data collected by the above-mentioned sensors are transmitted to the digital twin platform in real time. The platform fuses and processes multiple source heterogeneous information such as air chamber pressure, contact stress distribution, and force / displacement of the limiting mechanism 320. Based on this, the complete mechanical state of the current support system is dynamically reconstructed in the virtual model, forming a data model that is synchronized and parallel with the physical world. The data model is the basis for intelligent control. By comparing and analyzing the reconstructed state with the ideal engineering state, such as uniform contact stress and controlled deformation boundary, the digital twin platform can quickly diagnose system deviations. Based on this, the platform can generate optimization decision instructions, such as adjusting the high-speed dynamic air valve of a specific air chamber to change the pressure, or fine-tuning the preset boundary of the limiting mechanism. These instructions are issued to the physical execution unit, forming a closed loop of real-time sensing, twin comparison, dynamic decision-making, and precise execution, and ultimately realizing the adaptive optimization of the support shape and supporting pressure.

[0062] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the purpose of the present application.

Claims

1. A support trolley for tunnel construction in soft rock formations, characterized in that, include: A gantry assembly, wherein a traveling mechanism is provided at the lower end of the gantry assembly; A support assembly, wherein a plurality of support arches are provided on the outside of the gantry assembly; The outer peripheral wall of the supporting arch frame is provided with a storage groove; each supporting arch frame is provided with N arch beams and 2 arch feet, and the two sides of the arch beams are respectively provided with a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface, and the arch beams abut against the second inclined surface of the adjacent arch beams through the first inclined surface; the two arch feet are provided at both ends of the supporting arch frame; wherein, 4≤N≤12; A flexible support system is provided with an airbag unit. In the walking state, the airbag unit is stored in the storage slot. In the supporting state, the airbag unit is inflated and exposed on the outside of the supporting arch. The airbag unit is provided with a high-pressure inner liner, a buffer layer and a wear-resistant layer arranged from the inside to the outside. The high-pressure inner liner is provided with several partitions, which divide the high-pressure inner liner into multiple relatively independent air chambers. The high-pressure inner liner is provided with an air valve for each air chamber. The flexible support system includes multiple limiting mechanisms evenly arranged on the arch beam along the circumference of the supporting arch frame. Each limiting mechanism includes a limiting shaft, a limiting roller, a joint bearing, a first spring, and a limiting ring. A bushing is provided inside the arch beam. The lower end of the limiting shaft is slidably connected to the bushing, and the upper end of the limiting shaft passes through the arch beam and is fixedly connected to the joint bearing. The limiting ring is threadedly connected to the limiting shaft. The first spring is sleeved on the limiting shaft, with one end abutting against the arch beam and the other end abutting against the limiting ring. The two ends of the limiting roller are rotatably connected to the joint bearings on both sides of the arch beam, and the peripheral sidewall of the limiting roller abuts against the airbag unit.

2. The soft rock tunnel construction support trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gantry assembly includes a first gantry, a second gantry, a main beam, a secondary beam, a truss, a mounting bracket, and wing plates; the crossbeams of the first gantry and the second gantry are fixedly connected by the main beam; the legs of the first gantry and the legs of the second gantry are fixedly connected by the secondary beam; the main beams are fixedly connected by the truss; the wing plates are fixedly mounted on the secondary beams on both sides of the gantry assembly; the mounting brackets are mounted on the truss along the length of the gantry assembly.

3. The soft rock tunnel construction support trolley according to claim 2, characterized in that, The walking mechanism includes a first hydraulic cylinder, a wheel seat, a track wheel, and a first mounting base. The first mounting base is fixedly connected to the outrigger. The upper end of the wheel seat is slidably connected to the outrigger. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the first mounting base, and the cylinder rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the wheel seat. The track wheel is rotatably connected to the wheel seat. The track wheel is rolled on the rail.

4. The soft rock tunnel construction support trolley according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gantry assembly is provided with an auxiliary support mechanism, which includes a support base, a support block, a return spring, a ratchet rack, a ratchet block, and a limiting rod. The lower end of the support base is fixedly connected to the wheel seat, and the upper end of the support block is fixedly connected to the outrigger. The support block and the support base are slidably connected in the vertical direction. The ratchet rack is fixedly connected to the support block, and the limiting rod is slidably connected to the support base in the horizontal direction. One end of the limiting rod is fixedly connected to the ratchet block. The return spring is sleeved on the limiting rod, with one end of the return spring abutting against the support base and the other end of the return spring abutting against the ratchet block.

5. The soft rock tunnel construction support trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support assembly includes a first hydraulic mechanism and a second hydraulic mechanism. The arch beam and the gantry assembly are connected through the first hydraulic mechanism; the arch foot and the gantry assembly are connected through the second hydraulic mechanism.

6. The soft rock tunnel construction support trolley according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first hydraulic mechanism includes a hydraulic base, a first shear frame, a second shear frame, a support shaft, and a second hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic base and the gantry assembly are fixedly connected. The first shear frame and the support shaft are rotatably connected. One end of the first shear frame is slidably connected to the hydraulic base, and the other end of the first shear frame is rotatably connected to the arch beam. The second shear frame and the support shaft are rotatably connected. One end of the second shear frame is rotatably connected to the hydraulic base, and the other end of the second shear frame is slidably connected to the arch beam. The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the hydraulic base, and the cylinder rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the support shaft.

7. The soft rock tunnel construction support trolley according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second hydraulic mechanism includes a third hydraulic cylinder and a fourth hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder body of the third hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the gantry assembly, and the cylinder rod of the third hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the arch foot in a horizontal direction. The cylinder body of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the gantry assembly, and the cylinder rod of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is tilted downward and rotatably connected to the arch foot.

8. The soft rock tunnel construction support trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support assembly includes a leg and a hoof-shaped part. The upper end of the leg is fixedly connected to the arch foot, and the lower end of the leg is fixedly connected to the hoof-shaped part. The hoof-shaped part is engaged with the sleeper.

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