Direct evaporation type refrigeration cycle system and energy-saving method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration air conditioners and fluid control, in particular to a direct evaporation type refrigeration cycle system and an energy saving method thereof.The energy saving method comprises the steps that hardware assemblies are arranged in an air flow channel according to a preset topological structure, and a fluid enthalpy potential impedance matching control process is triggered in response to an operation instruction of the refrigeration cycle system; comprising the steps that a flow field distribution detection unit samples data in real time, and thermodynamic state parameters of inlet air are obtained; meshing the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of each infinitesimal area in the mapping model by combining the flow velocity topological distribution matrix and the thermodynamic state parameters; mapping the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity into a discretized pulse modulation control signal; the matrix type pulse jet array is driven to execute space-time fragmentation type discrete water injection operation; correcting the impedance calculation coefficient in the step 2 by phase change residual data fed back by a downstream residual detection unit; according to the invention, the heat exchange efficiency can be obviously improved, and the humidity distribution uniformity of the outlet section can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of refrigeration, air conditioning and fluid control technology, specifically to a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system and its energy-saving method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous evolution of refrigeration technology, direct evaporative cooling systems are increasingly being used in high-energy-consuming scenarios such as data centers and industrial plants. This expansion of application scenarios brings complex challenges, especially in balancing the pursuit of the ultimate heat exchange efficiency with the safety of air duct operation. Currently, traditional direct evaporative cooling systems typically employ continuous simulated spray control, adjusting water volume based on average wind speed. In this mode, the system supplies water at constant pressure via a pump, controlling the overall spray volume by adjusting the opening of the main valve or the pump frequency. However, traditional manual setting and averaging control methods rely on macroscopic thermodynamic parameters, making it difficult to perceive the non-uniformity of the airflow field within the duct. While this method can meet basic cooling requirements, its efficiency improvement is limited, and it presents significant operational risks: due to the existence of slow-flow boundary layers or dead zones in the duct cross-section, averaging control can lead to these... The spray volume in the area exceeds the actual moisture absorption capacity of the air, resulting in incompletely evaporated liquid water. This not only wastes water resources but also causes water accumulation and corrosion on the duct walls, and may even lead to short circuits in downstream electrical equipment. In the core area with high air velocity, due to the large energy carried by the airflow and the short residence time, traditional control strategies often cannot provide sufficient heat exchange area and water mist density, resulting in the cooling effect not meeting design expectations and creating local undercooling. Existing analog control cannot achieve millisecond-level rapid response and cannot accurately allocate power according to the instantaneous turbulence fluctuations and energy distribution of the flow field. Therefore, how to achieve precise coupling of gas-liquid two-phase flow and maximize evaporative cooling efficiency while ensuring an absolutely dry duct environment has become a technical challenge that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a direct evaporative refrigeration cycle system and its energy-saving method, aiming to resolve the contradiction between pursuing maximum heat exchange efficiency and preventing water carryover in the air duct in direct evaporative cooling. It achieves precise coupling and dynamic tracking of non-uniform airflow fields, improving evaporation efficiency while ensuring the air duct walls remain dry. Specifically, the technical solution of this invention is as follows: An energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system includes: arranging hardware components in an airflow channel according to a preset topology, the hardware components including: A matrix pulse jet array, a flow field distribution detection unit, and a downstream residual detection unit; using the cross-section where the matrix pulse jet array is located as the reference plane, an initial gridded mapping model of the flow channel cross-section is generated; responding to the operating command of the refrigeration cycle system, a fluid enthalpy potential impedance matching control process is triggered, including: Step 1: Based on the real-time sampling data of the flow field distribution detection unit, construct the velocity topology distribution matrix at the reference plane and obtain the thermodynamic state parameters of the inlet air; Step 2: Combining the velocity topology distribution matrix and thermodynamic state parameters, the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of each micro-element region in the gridded mapping model is calculated through fluid enthalpy potential impedance analysis. Step 3: Map the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity into a discrete pulse modulation control signal. The pulse modulation control signal includes frequency parameters and duty cycle parameters for each independent nozzle in the matrix pulse jet array. Step 4: Drive the matrix pulse jet array to perform spatiotemporal segmented discrete water injection operation according to the pulse modulation control signal; Step 5: Based on the phase transition residual data fed back by the downstream residual detection unit, correct the impedance calculation coefficients in Step 2.

[0004] Preferably, the preset topology includes: high-speed solenoid valve nozzles arranged in a matrix on the cross-section of the airflow channel, forming a matrix pulse jet array; a laser or ultrasonic sensor group located upstream of the matrix pulse jet array for constructing a flow velocity grid, forming a flow field distribution detection unit; and a humidity sensor group located downstream of the matrix pulse jet array for detecting unevaporated droplets, forming a downstream residual detection unit.

[0005] Preferably, the construction of the velocity topology distribution matrix in step 1 includes: The flow field distribution detection unit acquires multi-point flow velocity data within a preset sampling period; the multi-point flow velocity data is used to interpolate and reconstruct the gridded mapping model to generate a flow velocity topology distribution matrix covering the entire reference plane; the flow velocity topology distribution matrix characterizes the local air velocity at each coordinate point on the air channel cross section.

[0006] Preferably, step 2, calculating the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity, includes: Based on thermodynamic state parameters, the difference between the current saturated vapor pressure and the actual vapor pressure of the air is calculated to determine the wet-bulb temperature deficit potential energy. The local air velocity, wet-bulb temperature deficit potential energy and the preset evaporation coefficient in the velocity topology distribution matrix are multiplied to calculate the maximum volume of liquid water that each micro-element region can completely absorb in the current time window, which is taken as the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity.

[0007] Preferably, the generation of the pulse modulation control signal in step 3 follows the following logic: In response to the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of a specific micro-element region being higher than a preset minimum injection threshold, a high-frequency pulse modulation control signal with a long pulse width is generated by linear mapping based on the magnitude of the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity; in response to the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of a specific micro-element region being lower than or equal to the preset minimum injection threshold, a shut-off command or a pulse modulation control signal for micro-intermittent injection is generated; the pulse modulation control signal ensures that the amount of water mist injected is strictly matched with the moisture absorption resistance of the air in that micro-element region.

[0008] Preferably, step 5 involves correcting the impedance calculation coefficients, including: Determine whether the downstream residual detection unit detects a liquid water precipitation signal; in response to the detection of a liquid water precipitation signal, lower the evaporation coefficient used in step 2 to increase the calculation margin of the fluid enthalpy potential impedance; in response to the absence of a liquid water precipitation signal and the downstream relative humidity being lower than the preset target value, increase the evaporation coefficient used in step 2 to approach the limiting heat exchange efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, the method further includes: The physical oscillation waves generated by the matrix pulse jet array during high-frequency operation are used to self-clean the inside and surrounding areas of the nozzle to prevent scale buildup.

[0010] A direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system includes: a flow channel assembly for defining the physical boundaries of airflow; a hardware execution module including a matrix pulse jet array, a flow field distribution detection unit, and a downstream residual detection unit; and a control module including: The data acquisition unit is used to construct a velocity topology distribution matrix and obtain thermodynamic state parameters based on the data from the flow field distribution detection unit; the impedance calculation unit is used to calculate the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of each micro-element region by combining the velocity topology distribution matrix and the thermodynamic state parameters; the signal modulation unit is used to convert the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity into a pulse modulation control signal; the drive execution unit is used to drive the matrix pulse jet array according to the pulse modulation control signal; and the closed-loop correction unit is used to dynamically adjust the calculation parameters of the impedance calculation unit based on the feedback data from the downstream residual detection unit.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, by constructing a gridded mapping model of the flow channel cross-section and a flow velocity topology distribution matrix, changes the traditional averaged water supply mode. The system can dynamically adjust the water injection volume of the corresponding nozzles according to the real-time flow velocity and moisture absorption capacity of different micro-element regions, effectively solving the contradiction between insufficient cooling in the high-flow-velocity core area and local over-humidification in the low-flow-velocity edge area. Experimental data show that this method can significantly improve heat exchange efficiency and greatly improve the uniformity of humidity distribution at the outlet cross-section. 2. The present invention utilizes a closed-loop correction system composed of a downstream residual detection unit and an impedance calculation module, which can capture the signal of incompletely evaporated liquid water in real time. Through the iterative strategy of fast drop and slow rise of evaporation coefficient, the system can approach the limit heat exchange hotspot under the premise of ensuring safety, ensuring that water mist is completely absorbed in the airflow through phase change, maintaining the absolute dryness of the inside and wall of the air duct, and fundamentally eliminating the risk of corrosion and short circuit of downstream electrical equipment caused by water accumulation. 3. This invention transforms the traditional continuous simulated spray control into discrete spatiotemporal segmented pulse control. By adjusting the frequency and duty cycle of the independent nozzles, precise coupling of the gas-liquid two-phase flow is achieved. This digital control method can keenly capture and respond to the instantaneous turbulent fluctuations of the flow field, making the water injection action strictly synchronized with the passage time of the airflow micro-element, which greatly improves the adjustment accuracy and dynamic stability of the system under complex and variable working conditions. 4. This invention ingeniously utilizes the resonance and water hammer effect generated by the matrix pulse jet array during high-frequency operation to achieve nozzle self-cleaning without adding chemical agents. This physical descaling mechanism can effectively remove calcium and magnesium ion deposits and biofilms inside and around the nozzle, prevent nozzle clogging and extend the service life of hardware, solve the pain point of traditional systems requiring frequent manual cleaning, and significantly improve the operational reliability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Example 1:

[0014] Please see Figure 1 An energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system includes: arranging hardware components in an airflow channel according to a preset topology, the hardware components including: A matrix pulse jet array, a flow field distribution detection unit, and a downstream residual detection unit; using the cross-section where the matrix pulse jet array is located as the reference plane, an initial gridded mapping model of the flow channel cross-section is generated; responding to the operating command of the refrigeration cycle system, a fluid enthalpy potential impedance matching control process is triggered, including: Step 1: Based on the real-time sampling data of the flow field distribution detection unit, construct the velocity topology distribution matrix at the reference plane and obtain the thermodynamic state parameters of the inlet air; Step 2: Combining the velocity topology distribution matrix and thermodynamic state parameters, the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of each micro-element region in the gridded mapping model is calculated through fluid enthalpy potential impedance analysis. Step 3: Map the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity into a discrete pulse modulation control signal. The pulse modulation control signal includes frequency parameters and duty cycle parameters for each independent nozzle in the matrix pulse jet array. Step 4: Drive the matrix pulse jet array to perform spatiotemporal segmented discrete water injection operation according to the pulse modulation control signal; Step 5: Based on the phase transition residual data fed back by the downstream residual detection unit, correct the impedance calculation coefficients in Step 2.

[0015] This embodiment details an energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system. This method aims to resolve the contradiction between pursuing maximum heat exchange efficiency and preventing water carryover in the air duct in the existing direct evaporation cooling system. This method introduces a fluid enthalpy potential impedance matching mechanism to transform the traditional continuous simulated spray control into discrete spatiotemporal piecewise pulse control, achieving millisecond-level precise coupling of gas-liquid two-phase flow; the method uses the cross section where the matrix pulse jet array is located as the reference plane to initialize and generate a meshed mapping model of the flow channel cross section. This gridded mapping model logically divides the continuous physical cross-section of the airflow channel into multiple independent micro-element regions defined by rows and columns. Each micro-element region corresponds to one or a group of independent nozzles in the matrix pulse jet array, aiming to provide a spatial coordinate reference for the discretization control of non-uniform flow fields. In response to the operating command of the refrigeration cycle system, the system triggers the core fluid enthalpy potential impedance matching control process. The system executes step 1, which constructs the velocity topology distribution matrix at the reference plane based on the real-time sampling data of the flow field distribution detection unit, and obtains the thermodynamic state parameters of the inlet air. The velocity topology distribution matrix reveals the velocity non-uniformity of laminar flow, turbulent flow and boundary layer on the flow channel cross section. Step 2 is executed, and by combining the velocity topology distribution matrix and thermodynamic state parameters, the instantaneous hygroscopic capacity of each micro-element region in the gridded mapping model is calculated through fluid enthalpy potential impedance analysis. In this process, the fluid enthalpy potential impedance analysis treats the airflow as an energy transmission line with a specific hygroscopic impedance and the water mist as an input energy pulse. The instantaneous hygroscopic capacity represents the maximum volume of liquid water that the air can completely absorb through phase change within a specific micro-element region in the extremely short time window during which the airflow passes through the evaporation section. Step 3 is executed to map the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity into a discrete pulse modulation control signal. This signal contains frequency parameters and duty cycle parameters for each independent nozzle in the matrix pulse jet array, realizing a dimensional improvement from analog water volume control to digital frequency domain control. Step 4 is executed. According to the pulse modulation control signal, the matrix pulse jet array is driven to perform spatiotemporal segmented discrete water injection operation, so that the nozzles emit water bullets in a high-frequency intermittent manner. The volume and emission time of each water bullet are precisely calculated to fill the moisture absorption gap of the air flowing through the area. Step 5 is executed, based on the phase change residual data fed back by the downstream residual detection unit, the impedance calculation coefficient in step 2 is corrected, where the phase change residual data comes from the incompletely evaporated liquid water signal or humidity deviation signal detected downstream of the evaporation section, and is used to characterize the error of the feedforward control. This embodiment achieves pixel-level dynamic tracking of airflow field non-uniformity through the above steps; in the cooling scenario of data center or industrial plant, this method can increase the injection density in the core area with high flow velocity, while automatically cutting off the injection in the boundary layer area with low flow velocity, thereby significantly improving the evaporation efficiency while ensuring that the duct wall is absolutely dry, effectively solving the problem of local over-humidity or under-cooling caused by the averaging control of traditional systems. To quantitatively verify the above-mentioned technical effects, a comparative experiment was conducted in a standard air duct with a cross-sectional dimension of 2m × 2m. The experimental results showed that the heat exchange efficiency of the experimental group applying this method under the same operating conditions was significantly higher. The efficiency reached 96.5%, compared to the control group using traditional PID constant pressure spraying. Significant improvement; meanwhile, the standard deviation of humidity distribution at the outlet section of the experimental group was only [missing information]. Much lower than the control group This fully supports the beneficial effects of this method in improving efficiency and solving localized over-wetting. Example 2:

[0016] The preset topology includes: high-speed solenoid valve nozzles arranged in a matrix on the cross-section of the airflow channel, forming a matrix pulse jet array; a group of laser or ultrasonic sensors located upstream of the matrix pulse jet array to construct a flow velocity grid, forming a flow field distribution detection unit; and a group of humidity sensors located downstream of the matrix pulse jet array to detect unevaporated droplets, forming a downstream residual detection unit.

[0017] This embodiment is a concretization of the preset topology in Embodiment 1, constructing a physical closed loop of perception, calculation and execution; high-speed solenoid valve nozzles are arranged in a matrix on the cross-section of the airflow channel to form a matrix pulse jet array; the high-speed solenoid valve nozzle refers to a precision fluid control valve with a response time in the millisecond range and two discrete states of fully open or fully closed, whose function is to convert continuous water pressure into discrete droplet groups to ensure that the jet action and the passage time of the airflow micro-element are strictly synchronized. Simultaneously, a laser or ultrasonic sensor group is arranged upstream of the matrix pulse jet array to form a flow field distribution detection unit for constructing a flow velocity grid. This sensor group uses non-contact measurement technology to form a virtual measurement grid on the flow channel cross section. Compared with traditional single-point anemometers, it can acquire the two-dimensional vector distribution of the flow field and capture turbulence details without interference. The physical arrangement spacing of the sensor group on the cross section must strictly correspond to the resolution of the micro-element region in the gridded mapping model to achieve accurate mapping of flow velocity data to the water injection grid. In addition, a humidity sensor group is arranged downstream of the matrix pulse jet array to form a downstream residual detection unit for detecting unevaporated droplets; the sensor group is preferably arranged at the corner at the end of the evaporation section or behind the baffle plate to sensitively capture the escaped liquid water.

[0018] The hardware architecture of this embodiment forms the physical basis for the system to capture high-frequency flow field fluctuations. In a high-speed airflow environment, the cooperation between the high-speed solenoid valve and the laser or ultrasonic sensor provides the necessary hardware anchors for the spatiotemporal segmentation of the algorithm, making millisecond-level impedance matching possible, thereby enabling the system to cope with instantaneous changes in airflow speed and direction. Example 3:

[0019] Step 1 involves constructing the velocity topology distribution matrix, including: acquiring multi-point velocity data from the flow field distribution detection unit within a preset sampling period; using the multi-point velocity data to interpolate and reconstruct the gridded mapping model to generate a velocity topology distribution matrix covering the entire reference plane; the velocity topology distribution matrix characterizes the local air velocity at each coordinate point on the airflow channel cross-section.

[0020] This embodiment is a concretization of step 1 in embodiment 1, detailing the process of constructing the velocity topology distribution matrix; the system acquires multi-point velocity data from the flow field distribution detection unit within a preset sampling period; the multi-point velocity data is used to interpolate and reconstruct the gridded mapping model, generating a velocity topology distribution matrix covering the entire reference plane; this interpolation and reconstruction process uses Kriging interpolation or spline interpolation algorithms to map limited sensor sampling point data onto a high-resolution grid model; the generated velocity topology distribution matrix... It can be represented as: ; in, The source is interpolation reconstruction calculation, and the physical meaning is coordinates. Local air velocity at a given location, expressed in m / s; The source is the preset grid parameters, and the physical meaning is the number of rows and columns of the grid, with the unit being dimensionless; this matrix represents the local air velocity at each coordinate point on the airflow channel cross section; This embodiment uses interpolation to reconstruct the generated velocity topology distribution matrix, enabling the system to clearly see the true distribution of airflow within the pipe. In actual operation, airflow often exhibits a parabolic distribution with high velocity at the center and low velocity at the corners. This feature avoids the problems of insufficient cooling in the central area and water accumulation and corrosion in the edge area caused by traditional systems that only use average wind speed. Example 4:

[0021] Step 2 involves calculating the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity, including: calculating the difference between the current saturated vapor pressure and the actual vapor pressure of the air based on thermodynamic state parameters, and determining the wet-bulb temperature deficit potential energy; multiplying the local air velocity in the velocity topology distribution matrix, the wet-bulb temperature deficit potential energy, and the preset evaporation coefficient to calculate the maximum volume of liquid water that each micro-element region can completely absorb in the current time window, which is taken as the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity.

[0022] This embodiment further elaborates on step 2 of embodiment 3, providing a detailed explanation of the calculation logic for instantaneous moisture absorption capacity; based on thermodynamic state parameters, namely dry-bulb temperature. and relative humidity Calculate the current saturated vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure of the air. The difference determines the wet-bulb temperature deficit potential energy. saturated vapor pressure The Magnus formula is rigorously expressed as: ; in, Represented by natural constant An exponential function with base 0. It is the saturated vapor pressure. Dry bulb temperature, The reference pressure for the triple point of water. For Magnus parameters, This is the temperature drift constant; The constant here takes the value of , , This set of parameters is derived from Magnus's empirical formula and is used to accurately fit the curve of the saturated vapor pressure of pure water as a function of temperature. ; in, This is the actual vapor pressure. Relative humidity; ; in, This represents the wet-bulb temperature deficit potential energy, expressed in phosphorus (P). a ; Based on thermodynamic state parameters, the difference between the current saturated vapor pressure and the actual vapor pressure of the air is calculated to determine the saturated vapor pressure deficit. The local air velocity, saturated vapor pressure deficit, and a preset evaporation coefficient in the velocity topology distribution matrix are multiplied, and an energy density constant is introduced for dimensional correction. The maximum volume of liquid water that can be completely absorbed by each micro-region within the current time window is calculated, thus determining the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity. : ; Calculated This formula achieves the conversion between energy and volume units through specific latent heat of vaporization, ensuring... The final dimension is ;in, The logic for its value is as follows: during the initial control cycle of system startup, The initial values ​​are calculated using the following model based on dimensionless criterion numbers; after the system enters steady-state operation, The correction amount received from step 5 is used for iterative updates; to address the implementation challenge of preset initial values, this embodiment uses the following model based on dimensionless metric numbers to calculate the initial evaporation coefficient. The formula for calculating the initial value is modified as follows: ; in, This refers to the effective length of the evaporation section, in meters (m). The soda mean diameter of the atomized droplets from the nozzle, in meters, typically ranging from [value range missing]. ,Pick ν represents the kinematic viscosity of air, measured in m² / s. The time value is ; The atomization cone angle factor is used to ensure the unique determinism of the model parameters; the part inside the brackets is a deformed expression of the Reynolds number of the droplet force, used to establish the nonlinear relationship between macroscopic wind speed and microscopic evaporation efficiency; This represents the product of the nozzle atomized droplet diameter and the air kinetic viscosity. To ensure the unique determinism of model parameters, the following value rule is set for the atomization cone angle factor: when At that time, take ,when At that time, take The threshold setting is based on the jet breakup morphology experiment of the high-speed solenoid valve nozzle selected in this system under different dynamic pressures: when the wind speed exceeds 2.0 m / s, the shearing effect of the airflow on the liquid column is significantly enhanced and the atomization cone angle is expanded, so the factor needs to be increased to compensate for the correction. For the decay exponent, the following value selection rules are set: based on the Reynolds number. The determination is made by setting γ=0.15 when Re<2000 and γ=0.25 when Re≥2000. This setting aims to characterize the evaporation attenuation characteristics under different flow regimes. In the laminar or transitional flow region, Re<2000, the water droplets are under relatively stable forces and the attenuation is small. However, in the fully developed turbulent region, Re≥2000, the airflow pulsation enhances the probability of collision and coalescence between droplets, resulting in a decrease in the effective exchange area. Therefore, a higher attenuation index is introduced. Determined based on this formula Initial values ​​are usually located at to Between; its physical meaning is a dimensionless coefficient that comprehensively reflects the influence of nozzle atomization particle size, airflow turbulence and evaporation section length on evaporation efficiency; The source is the velocity topology distribution matrix, and its physical meaning is the local air velocity, with the unit being m / s; The source is the mesh model setting; the physical meaning is the physical area of ​​a single mesh, in units of... ; The source is the system control cycle, and its physical meaning is the control time window, with the unit being seconds (s). The source is the water physical property constant, which has the physical meaning of the latent heat of vaporization of water by volume, and the unit is 1000 kJ / m³. This is used to balance the physical dimensions on both sides of the formula; its value is determined by the density of water. Latent heat of vaporization The product determines that, i.e. ; Under standard atmospheric pressure and normal temperature conditions, the density of the water sampled. Specific latent heat of vaporization Calculated If the system operates under non-standard atmospheric pressure or different water temperatures, those skilled in the art should consult the thermodynamic property tables of water to obtain the corresponding information based on the actual operating conditions. and The constant is recalculated to ensure the accuracy of the moisture absorption capacity calculation. Example 5:

[0023] In step 3, a pulse modulation control signal is generated, following the logic as follows: In response to the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of a specific micro-element region being higher than the preset minimum injection threshold, a high-frequency pulse modulation control signal with a long pulse width is generated by linear mapping based on the magnitude of the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity; In response to the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of a specific micro-element region being lower than or equal to the preset minimum injection threshold, a shut-off command or a pulse modulation control signal for micro-intermittent injection is generated; The pulse modulation control signal ensures that the amount of water mist injected is strictly matched with the moisture absorption resistance of the air in the micro-element region.

[0024] This embodiment is a refinement of step 3 in embodiment 4, illustrating the logic for generating the pulse modulation control signal; the system sets a minimum injection threshold. This threshold is determined by the minimum controllable opening time of the nozzle, designed to prevent the solenoid valve from operating in the nonlinear region; the system executes logical judgment: in response to the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of a specific micro-element region being higher than the minimum injection threshold, a high-frequency and long-pulse-width pulse modulation control signal is generated based on a linear mapping of the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity; specifically, the duty cycle of the nozzle opening... The calculation is as follows: ; in, The source is the nozzle hardware parameters, and its physical meaning is the maximum flow rate of the nozzle under rated pressure, with units of... Typical value range is In this embodiment, we take This formula ensures that, under any instantaneous calculation, the duty cycle is limited to the physically effective range of 0% to 100%. Meanwhile, the frequency parameter can be increased with the increase of the duty cycle to ensure the uniformity of atomization; the specific frequency parameter... The calculation logic is as follows: ; in, The preset reference pulse frequency, This is the frequency gain coefficient, used to characterize the linear adjustment strength of the duty cycle to the injection frequency, ensuring uniform dispersion of water mist in areas with high moisture absorption requirements. The duty cycle is calculated; this mapping relationship ensures that in areas with high moisture absorption requirements, the nozzle not only has a long single opening time, but also a higher spray frequency per unit time, thereby achieving uniform dispersion of water bullets in the airflow. Conversely, in response to the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of a specific micro-element region being lower than or equal to the minimum injection threshold, such as in a dead zone with extremely slow flow or when the air is close to saturation, the system generates a shut-off command or a pulse-modulated control signal for a small amount of intermittent injection; the pulse-modulated control signal ensures that the amount of water mist injected is strictly matched to the moisture absorption resistance of the air in that micro-element region. This embodiment achieves digital calculus control of energy exchange on the flow channel cross-section through a nonlinear pulse modulation strategy; saturation attack injection is performed in the core flow region to obtain maximum cooling capacity, while strict control is implemented in the boundary layer region to prevent water accumulation. This control strategy ensures full absorption and no reflection of energy transfer, greatly improving the control accuracy of the system. Example 6:

[0025] Step 5 corrects the impedance calculation coefficient, including: determining whether the downstream residual detection unit detects a liquid water precipitation signal; in response to the detection of a liquid water precipitation signal, lowering the evaporation coefficient used in step 2 to increase the calculation margin of the fluid enthalpy potential impedance; in response to the absence of a liquid water precipitation signal and the downstream relative humidity being lower than the preset target value, increasing the evaporation coefficient used in step 2 to approach the limiting heat exchange efficiency.

[0026] This embodiment is a refinement of step 5 in embodiment 1, describing the impedance calculation coefficient, i.e., the evaporation coefficient. The closed-loop correction mechanism includes the following logical judgment and execution: It determines whether the downstream residual detection unit detects a liquid water precipitation signal, triggered by the humidity sensor group when the relative humidity reaches saturation or directly contacts the droplets; In response to the detection of the liquid water precipitation signal, it indicates that the feedforward calculated water injection volume is too large, exceeding the actual evaporation capacity. At this point, the evaporation coefficient used in step 2 is lowered to increase the calculation margin of the fluid enthalpy potential impedance, forcing the system to reduce the water injection volume and prioritizing safety. The calculation formula is as follows: ; in, The source is a preset step size, which physically means a downward adjustment of the correction amount. To ensure system stability and prevent severe control oscillations, if the downstream residual detection unit detects liquid water precipitation for three consecutive sampling cycles, the closed-loop correction unit will trigger an emergency convergence mode. Temporarily adjusted to the current The value is reduced by 30% to achieve a rapid return of the injected water volume, prioritizing the safety of the ventilation duct; After completing the above addition and subtraction corrections, the system performs a boundary limit check to ensure that the evaporation coefficient does not exceed a physically reasonable threshold range. ; Among them, setting a safety lower limit Set an efficiency cap This boundary check prevents the water injection volume from increasing indefinitely or the system from locking up due to sensor malfunctions.

[0027] Conversely, if no liquid water precipitation signal is detected and the downstream relative humidity is lower than the preset target value, it indicates that the system is conservative and there is still untapped cooling potential. In this case, the evaporation coefficient used in step 2 should be increased to approach the limiting heat exchange efficiency. The calculation formula is as follows: ; Among them, take The above and The step size ratio is set based on the ratio between the thermal inertia lag time of the air duct and the sampling period of the sensor, aiming to ensure that the closed-loop correction system does not experience forced oscillations when approaching the efficiency limit. The bidirectional correction mechanism in this embodiment gives the system self-learning capability; during long-term operation, the system can automatically adapt to interference factors such as nozzle aging, filter clogging or changes in external air pressure, and always maintain the optimal operating point at the critical saturation point, that is, fully tap the cooling potential of every drop of water without producing liquid residue. Example 7:

[0028] An energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system also includes: using the physical oscillation waves generated by the matrix pulse jet array during high-frequency operation to self-clean the inside and surrounding areas of the nozzle to prevent scale buildup.

[0029] This embodiment supplements the method of Embodiment 1 and relates to the system's self-cleaning function. The method utilizes the physical oscillation waves generated by the matrix pulse jet array during high-frequency operation to self-clean the nozzle's interior and surrounding area. Specifically, when the controller detects that the system is in standby or maintenance mode, the system pre-obtains the inherent resonant frequency of the solenoid valve core through a frequency sweep test. It stores this information in the controller's non-volatile memory; when the controller detects that the system is in standby or maintenance mode, it drives the solenoid valve at this specific resonant frequency. Perform short-term no-load or loaded oscillation; The solenoid valve is driven to oscillate for a short time under no-load or under load at a specific resonant frequency, such as 50Hz to 100Hz. The specific oscillation duration is set to 30s to 60s, and the oscillation interval is automatically calculated based on the cumulative running time of the system to achieve a balance between cleaning effect and hardware fatigue life. The cleaning is carried out by the water hammer effect and mechanical vibration generated by the solenoid valve core during high-speed reciprocating motion. This embodiment cleverly utilizes the physical side effects of pulse jetting as a beneficial effect; high-frequency oscillation can effectively strip calcium and magnesium ion deposits and biofilms at the nozzle orifice, preventing nozzle clogging. This mechanism solves the pain point of traditional continuous spraying systems requiring frequent chemical cleaning, significantly reducing the system's total life cycle maintenance cost. Example 8:

[0030] Please see Figure 2 A direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system, applied to an energy-saving method for any one of the direct evaporation refrigeration cycle systems in Examples 1-7, includes: a flow channel assembly for defining the physical boundaries of airflow; a hardware execution module including: a matrix pulse jet array, a flow field distribution detection unit, and a downstream residual detection unit; and a control module including: The data acquisition unit is used to construct the flow velocity topology distribution matrix and obtain thermodynamic state parameters based on the data from the flow field distribution detection unit. Impedance calculation unit is used to calculate the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of each micro-element region by combining the flow velocity topology distribution matrix and thermodynamic state parameters; The signal modulation unit is used to convert the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity into a pulse modulation control signal; A drive execution unit is used to drive a matrix pulse jet array according to a pulse modulation control signal. The closed-loop correction unit is used to dynamically adjust the calculation parameters of the impedance calculation unit based on the feedback data from the downstream residual detection unit.

[0031] This embodiment discloses a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system, which is used to execute any one of the energy-saving methods in embodiments 1 to 7 above; the system mainly consists of a flow channel assembly, a hardware execution module and a control module; the flow channel assembly is used to define the physical boundary of air flow, which is usually an insulated duct section; the hardware execution module includes the aforementioned matrix pulse jet array, flow field distribution detection unit and downstream residual detection unit; The control module, as the brain of the system, is usually implemented by an embedded FPGA or a high-performance DSP. Its internal logic is divided into: a data acquisition unit, which is used to construct the flow velocity topology distribution matrix and obtain thermodynamic state parameters based on the data from the flow field distribution detection unit; Impedance calculation unit is used to combine the flow velocity topology distribution matrix and thermodynamic state parameters to calculate the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of each micro-element region using formulas; The signal modulation unit is used to convert the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity into a pulse modulation control signal containing frequency and duty cycle; The drive execution unit includes multiple power drive circuits for driving the solenoid valves in the matrix pulse jet array to operate according to the pulse modulation control signal. A closed-loop correction unit is used to dynamically adjust the evaporation coefficient in the impedance calculation unit based on feedback data from the downstream residual detection unit. This embodiment solidifies the aforementioned method into a specific device entity. The collaborative work of each unit constitutes an intelligent thermodynamic system with sensing, decision-making, execution, and evolution capabilities. In particular, the modular design of the control module allows the system to be easily embedded into existing industrial air conditioning or data center cooling systems, achieving a low-cost intelligent upgrade of traditional refrigeration equipment and significantly improving the energy efficiency ratio without changing the original physical structure.

[0032] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system, characterized in that, include: Hardware components are arranged in a preset topology within the airflow channel. The hardware components include: A matrix pulse jet array, a flow field distribution detection unit, and a downstream residual detection unit; using the cross-section where the matrix pulse jet array is located as the reference plane, an initial gridded mapping model of the flow channel cross-section is generated; responding to the operating command of the refrigeration cycle system, a fluid enthalpy potential impedance matching control process is triggered, including: Step 1: Based on the real-time sampling data of the flow field distribution detection unit, construct the velocity topology distribution matrix at the reference plane and obtain the thermodynamic state parameters of the inlet air; Step 2: Combining the velocity topology distribution matrix and thermodynamic state parameters, the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of each micro-element region in the gridded mapping model is calculated through fluid enthalpy potential impedance analysis. Step 3: Map the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity into a discrete pulse modulation control signal, wherein the pulse modulation control signal includes frequency parameters and duty cycle parameters for each independent nozzle in the matrix pulse jet array. Step 4: Drive the matrix pulse jet array to perform spatiotemporal segmented discrete water injection operation according to the pulse modulation control signal; Step 5: Based on the phase transition residual data fed back by the downstream residual detection unit, correct the impedance calculation coefficients in Step 2.

2. The energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset topology includes: high-speed solenoid valve nozzles arranged in a matrix on the cross-section of the airflow channel, forming a matrix pulse jet array; a group of laser or ultrasonic sensors located upstream of the matrix pulse jet array to construct a flow velocity grid, forming a flow field distribution detection unit; and a group of humidity sensors located downstream of the matrix pulse jet array to detect unevaporated droplets, forming a downstream residual detection unit.

3. The energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 involves constructing the velocity topology distribution matrix, including: The flow field distribution detection unit acquires multi-point flow velocity data within a preset sampling period; the multi-point flow velocity data is used to interpolate and reconstruct the gridded mapping model to generate a flow velocity topology distribution matrix covering the entire reference plane; the flow velocity topology distribution matrix characterizes the local air velocity at each coordinate point on the air channel cross section.

4. The energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step 2 involves calculating the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity, including: Based on thermodynamic state parameters, the difference between the current saturated vapor pressure and the actual vapor pressure of the air is calculated to determine the wet-bulb temperature deficit potential energy. The local air velocity, wet-bulb temperature deficit potential energy and the preset evaporation coefficient in the velocity topology distribution matrix are multiplied to calculate the maximum volume of liquid water that each micro-element region can completely absorb in the current time window, which is taken as the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity.

5. The energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step 3 generates a pulse modulation control signal, following the logic below: In response to the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of a specific micro-element region being higher than the preset minimum spray threshold, a high-frequency and long-pulse-width pulse modulation control signal is generated by linear mapping based on the magnitude of the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity. In response to the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of a specific micro-element region being lower than or equal to a preset minimum spray threshold, a shut-off command or a pulse modulation control signal for micro-intermittent spraying is generated; the pulse modulation control signal ensures that the amount of water mist sprayed strictly matches the moisture absorption resistance of the air in that micro-element region.

6. The energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 5 involves correcting the impedance calculation coefficients, including: Determine whether the downstream residual detection unit detects a liquid water precipitation signal; in response to the detection of a liquid water precipitation signal, lower the evaporation coefficient used in step 2 to increase the calculation margin of the fluid enthalpy potential impedance; in response to the absence of a liquid water precipitation signal and the downstream relative humidity being lower than the preset target value, increase the evaporation coefficient used in step 2 to approach the limiting heat exchange efficiency.

7. The energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The physical oscillation waves generated by the matrix pulse jet array during high-frequency operation are used to self-clean the inside and surrounding areas of the nozzle to prevent scale buildup.

8. A direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system, applied to an energy-saving method for a direct evaporation refrigeration cycle system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: Flow channel components are used to define the physical boundaries of airflow; The hardware execution module includes a matrix pulse jet array, a flow field distribution detection unit, and a downstream residual detection unit; The control module includes: The data acquisition unit is used to construct a velocity topology distribution matrix and obtain thermodynamic state parameters based on the data from the flow field distribution detection unit; the impedance calculation unit is used to calculate the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity of each micro-element region by combining the velocity topology distribution matrix and the thermodynamic state parameters; the signal modulation unit is used to convert the instantaneous moisture absorption capacity into a pulse modulation control signal; the drive execution unit is used to drive the matrix pulse jet array according to the pulse modulation control signal; and the closed-loop correction unit is used to dynamically adjust the calculation parameters of the impedance calculation unit based on the feedback data from the downstream residual detection unit.

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