Coal mine tunnel deformation monitoring device

Abstract

The invention provides a coal mine tunnel deformation monitoring device, and relates to the field of coal mine tunnel monitoring. The coal mine tunnel deformation monitoring device comprises a supporting disc, two supporting legs are fixedly mounted at the bottom of the supporting disc, mounting cylinders are movably mounted on the top and the two sides of the supporting disc, supporting rods are mounted in the mounting cylinders, and the outer walls of the supporting rods are sleeved with detection rods; the monitoring ends of the three detection rods are inserted into the two walls and the top of the roadway. The stable fixation of different roadway grounds is realized through the adjustable supporting legs, the settlement amount of the roadway and the micro-deviation angle of the coal seam can be accurately monitored at the same time by virtue of the cooperation of the mounting cylinder, the supporting rod and the detection rod, the influence of high-dust, high-humidity and strong-electromagnetic-interference environments of the coal mine is avoided, the monitoring precision is high, the stability is strong, and meanwhile, the foldable storage function is realized; the device is suitable for roadways of various specifications, and provides efficient and reliable equipment support for safety monitoring of coal mine roadways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine roadway monitoring technology, specifically a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] With social development, coal, as an important energy source, has seen its mining scale continuously expand. Coal mine roadways, as key passages for coal mining, transportation, and personnel passage, frequently experience roadway subsidence and coal seam displacement during the mining process. The main causes include: First, mining operations lead to a redistribution of stress in the coal seam. When the coal seams around the roadway are mined out, the original stress balance is broken, and the weight of the upper rock strata shifts to the roadway periphery, causing excessive pressure on the top and sides of the roadway, which in turn triggers subsidence and coal seam displacement. Second, after the roadway is excavated, the surrounding rock gradually deforms under its own weight over a long period of time, especially in roadways with soft coal seams or broken rock strata, where the surrounding rock is prone to plastic flow, leading to a reduction in the roadway cross-section and an increase in subsidence.

[0003] Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of coal mine roadways is crucial. Monitoring should begin immediately after roadway excavation, as the surrounding rock is not yet fully stable. Timely assessment of deformation allows for early reinforcement measures to prevent roadway collapse. Monitoring frequency should be increased when geological changes occur, such as floods, earthquakes, or landslides, as these disasters can instantly alter the geological environment around the roadway, potentially causing drastic deformation of the roadway structure within a short period. Failure to detect these changes in time will seriously threaten the lives of underground personnel and the safety of equipment and property.

[0004] However, existing monitoring methods typically use infrared monitoring. Infrared monitoring has advantages such as non-contact measurement, fast response speed, and long-distance monitoring capabilities. It can acquire deformation data without affecting normal roadway operations and is not limited by light conditions, working normally even in dark roadway environments. However, in the special environment of coal mines, infrared monitoring has significant drawbacks: First, the high dust concentration in coal mine roadways causes dust to absorb and scatter infrared light, leading to signal attenuation, reduced measurement accuracy, and even data distortion. Second, the high humidity in roadways causes water vapor to condense on the lens surface of infrared monitoring equipment, affecting light transmission and interfering with monitoring results. Third, strong electromagnetic interference is generated during coal mining, such as electromagnetic signals generated by underground motors and switching equipment, which can interfere with the electronic components of infrared monitoring equipment, causing equipment instability and affecting monitoring continuity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device, which solves the problems of low accuracy and poor stability of existing infrared monitoring in coal mines with high dust, high humidity and strong electromagnetic interference environments, as well as the low natural cooling efficiency of some devices after hot riveting, which easily generates internal stress and leads to insufficient structural strength. At the same time, existing monitoring devices are difficult to simultaneously and accurately monitor roadway settlement and micro-displacement, are applicable to only one type of roadway and are not convenient to store.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device, comprising a support plate, two support legs at the bottom of the support plate, mounting cylinders at the top and both sides of the support plate, a support rod slidably inserted into the top of the mounting cylinder, a detection rod movably sleeved at the top of the support rod, and the monitoring ends of the three detection rods inserted into the two walls and the top of the roadway.

[0007] Preferably, the mounting cylinder includes an outer cylinder, a sliding column, a second spring, and a first scale. The bottom end of the outer cylinder is connected to the support plate. The sliding column is slidably installed inside the top end of the outer cylinder. The second spring is fixedly installed inside the outer cylinder. One end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding column, and the other end of the second spring is connected to the sliding column. An observation window is provided on the side wall of the outer cylinder, and a first scale is provided inside the observation window.

[0008] Preferably, the support rod includes a rotating rod, a connecting seat, and a second scale. The bottom of the rotating rod is fixedly connected to the connecting seat, which is rotatably installed inside the sliding column of the mounting cylinder. The second scale is embedded in the outer wall of the rotating rod. A polygonal prism is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating rod, and a rotating sleeve is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the rotating rod. An external threaded sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating sleeve, and the external threaded sleeve is separately sleeved on the outside of the polygonal prism.

[0009] Preferably, the detection rod includes a telescopic cylinder and a fixed tip. The telescopic cylinder has a multifaceted groove corresponding to the polygonal prism in its middle part. The telescopic cylinder has a threaded groove arranged circumferentially around the multifaceted groove inside, and the threaded groove matches the thread of the external threaded sleeve. The telescopic cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the polygonal prism and the external threaded sleeve. The fixed tip is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic cylinder. The fixed tips of the three detection rods are inserted into the two walls and the top of the tunnel.

[0010] Preferably, the support leg includes an outer shell, a telescopic rod, a support foot, a toothed groove, a gear, and a knob. The telescopic rod is slidably installed inside the outer shell, and the support foot is rotatably installed at the bottom of the telescopic rod. The support foot is fixed to the ground of the tunnel by bolts. The outer wall of the telescopic rod has a toothed groove. The gear is rotatably installed inside the outer shell, and the gear meshes with the toothed groove. A knob is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the gear, and the knob is located on the outer wall of the outer shell. The support leg also includes a ratchet, a pawl, a lever, and a spring. The ratchet is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the gear. The pawl is rotatably installed inside the outer shell, and the ratchet and pawl engage with each other. A lever is fixedly connected to the top of the pawl, and the lever is located on the outer wall of the outer shell. A spring is fixedly installed between the pawl and the outer shell.

[0011] Preferably, a rotating rod is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the support plate, and an ear plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating rod. The tops of the two support legs are rotatably mounted inside the ear plate.

[0012] Preferably, ball joints are fixedly connected to both sides and the top of the outer wall of the support plate, and a movable ball joint is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the mounting cylinder, the movable ball joint being movably installed inside the ball joint.

[0013] Preferably, a baffle is bolted to the outer wall of the support plate, and the baffle is located on the outer wall of the rotating rod.

[0014] Preferably, a guide block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding column, and a guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the outer cylinder, with the guide block slidably installed inside the guide groove.

[0015] Preferably, the top of the sliding column is provided with an annular mounting groove, and multiple rollers are rotatably mounted inside the annular mounting groove, with the bottom of the rotating rod fitting against the outer wall of the rollers.

[0016] This invention provides a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device. It has the following beneficial effects: (1) By setting up an installation cylinder and a support rod, a sliding column is slidably installed inside the outer cylinder of the installation cylinder, and a spring is connected to the bottom of the sliding column. The side wall of the outer cylinder is provided with an observation window with a scale. The scale is embedded in the outer wall of the rotating rod of the support rod. When the roadway settles, it will push the detection rod and the support rod to move into the installation cylinder, causing the sliding column to compress the spring. By observing the position change of the sliding column on the scale, the settlement data can be accurately obtained. When the coal seam shifts slightly, it will drive the fixed tip and the telescopic cylinder to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating rod to rotate. By observing the change of the rotation angle of the scale, the slight shift can be accurately judged. This effectively solves the problem that the existing technology cannot accurately monitor roadway settlement and slight shift at the same time. It does not rely on infrared signals, is not affected by the harsh environment of the coal mine, and has higher monitoring accuracy and stability, providing more reliable data support for roadway safety assessment.

[0017] (2) By setting up a detection rod and a support leg, the telescopic cylinder of the detection rod has a multi-faceted groove that matches the polygonal prism and a threaded groove that matches the external threaded sleeve. Rotating the rotating sleeve can drive the telescopic cylinder to extend and retract through the external threaded sleeve, thereby adjusting the length of the detection rod to adapt to roadways of different widths and heights. The telescopic rod is slidably installed inside the outer shell of the support leg. The toothed groove on the outer wall of the telescopic rod meshes with the gear. Rotating the knob can control the raising and lowering of the telescopic rod. At the same time, the support leg can be folded inward through the rotating rod and the ear plate, and the mounting cylinder can be folded inward through the ball head seat and the movable ball head. This solves the problem that the monitoring device in the prior art is applicable to only one type of roadway and is inconvenient to store. It can not only meet the monitoring needs of roadways with different cross-sectional dimensions and reduce the equipment procurement cost, but also be quickly folded and stored when not in use, reducing the storage space occupied and facilitating the transportation and underground transfer of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device proposed in this invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device proposed in this invention when folded.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the support leg in a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device proposed in this invention.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point B.

[0023] Figure 6This is a structural schematic diagram of the support leg from another perspective in a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device proposed in this invention.

[0024] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point C.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gears, knobs, and ratchet in a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device proposed in this invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation cylinder, support rod, and detection rod in a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device proposed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged structural diagram at point D.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the mounting cylinder, support rod, and detection rod in a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device proposed in this invention.

[0029] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Enlarged structural diagram at point E in the middle.

[0030] Figure 13 for Figure 11 Enlarged structural diagram at point F.

[0031] Figure 14 This is an exploded structural diagram of the mounting cylinder and support rod in a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device proposed in this invention.

[0032] Figure 15 for Figure 14 Enlarged structural diagram at point G in the middle.

[0033] The components are as follows: 1. Support plate; 2. Support leg; 201. Outer shell; 202. Telescopic rod; 203. Support foot; 204. Gear groove; 205. Gear; 206. Knob; 207. Ratchet; 208. Pad; 209. Pulley; 210. Spring 1; 3. Mounting cylinder; 301. Outer cylinder; 302. Sliding column; 303. Spring 2; 304. Scale 1; 305. Guide block; 306. Guide groove; 4. Support rod; 401. Rotating rod; 402. Connecting seat; 403. Polygonal prism; 404. Rotating sleeve; 405. External threaded sleeve; 406. Scale 2; 5. Detection rod; 501. Telescopic cylinder; 502. Fixed tip; 6. Rotating rod; 7. Ear plate; 8. Ball head seat; 9. Movable ball head; 10. Roller; 11. Baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1: like Figure 1-15 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device, including a support plate 1. The support plate 1 serves as the core load-bearing component of the device, ensuring the relative position stability between the components. Two support legs 2 are provided at the bottom of the support plate 1, providing stable support for the support plate 1 and keeping it horizontal, thus avoiding data deviation due to unstable support. Mounting cylinders 3 are provided on the top and both sides of the support plate 1. The mounting cylinders 3 are used to accommodate and guide support rods 4, providing space for the movement and rotation of the support rods 4. The support rods 4 are slidably inserted into the top of the mounting cylinders 3. The support rods 4 are used to connect to detection rods 5 and transmit the force generated by roadway deformation. The detection rods 5 are movably sleeved on the top of the support rods 4. The detection rods 5 directly contact the roadway walls and top, and are key components for sensing roadway deformation. The monitoring ends of the three detection rods 5 are inserted into the two walls and top of the roadway. Through direct contact with the surrounding rock of the roadway, the deformation of the two walls and top of the roadway can be captured in real time.

[0036] The mounting cylinder 3 includes an outer cylinder 301, a sliding column 302, a second spring 303, and a first scale 304. The outer cylinder 301 serves as the outer shell of the mounting cylinder 3, providing protection and a mounting carrier for the internal components, while also restricting the movement direction of the sliding column 302. The bottom end of the outer cylinder 301 is connected to the support plate 1. The sliding column 302 is slidably mounted inside the top end of the outer cylinder 301. The sliding column 302 can slide axially within the outer cylinder 301 to transmit the pressure on the support rod 4 and compress the second spring 303. The second spring 303 is fixedly mounted inside the outer cylinder 301 and has an elastic return function. The sliding column 302 can be pushed to reset for easy monitoring in the next monitoring. One end of the second spring 303 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding column 302, and the other end of the second spring 303 is connected to the sliding column 302, so that the movement of the sliding column 302 can directly drive the deformation of the second spring 303. An observation window is provided on the side wall of the outer cylinder 301. The observation window provides a field of view for the staff to observe the positional changes of the sliding column 302. The observation window is equipped with a scale 304, which is marked with precise length scale. By reading the corresponding value of the sliding column 302 on the scale 304, the roadway settlement data can be directly obtained.

[0037] The support rod 4 includes a rotating rod 401, a connecting seat 402, and a scale 406. The rotating rod 401 is the main structure of the support rod 4, used to connect the detection rod 5 and transmit rotational force. The connecting seat 402 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating rod 401. The connecting seat 402 connects the rotating rod 401 and the sliding column 302, allowing the rotating rod 401 to rotate stably on the top of the sliding column 302. The connecting seat 402 is rotatably installed inside the sliding column 302. The rotatable connection allows the rotating rod 401 to rotate around the axis of the connecting seat 402 in order to capture the rotational motion caused by coal seam displacement. The scale 406 is embedded in the outer wall of the rotating rod 401. The scale 406 is marked with angle graduations. By observing the angle change of the scale 406 when the rotating rod 401 rotates, the micro-displacement angle data of the coal seam can be accurately obtained.

[0038] A polygonal prism 403 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating rod 401. The polygonal prism 403 has a polygonal structure, which can prevent relative rotation between the telescopic cylinder 501 and the rotating rod 401, and ensure that the rotation of the external threaded sleeve 405 can synchronously drive the telescopic cylinder 501 to rotate. A rotating sleeve 404 is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the rotating rod 401. The rotating sleeve 404 can rotate freely around the axis of the rotating rod 401, providing a rotation carrier for the external threaded sleeve 405. The external threaded sleeve 405 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating sleeve 404, and the external threaded sleeve 405 is separately sleeved on the outside of the polygonal prism 403. The external thread of the external threaded sleeve 405 matches the internal thread of the telescopic cylinder 501. By rotating the external threaded sleeve 405, the telescopic cylinder 501 can be driven to move axially, thereby realizing the adjustment of the length of the detection rod 5.

[0039] The detection rod 5 includes a telescopic cylinder 501 and a fixed tip 502. The telescopic cylinder 501 is the main body of the detection rod 5, and its internal structure is used to cooperate with the support rod 4 to achieve length adjustment and force transmission. The telescopic cylinder 501 has a multi-faceted groove in the middle that corresponds to the polygonal prism 403. The multi-faceted groove is adapted to the polygonal structure of the polygonal prism 403 to ensure that the telescopic cylinder 501 can rotate synchronously with the polygonal prism 403, while allowing the telescopic cylinder 501 to move axially along the polygonal prism 403. The telescopic cylinder 501 has a threaded groove arranged circumferentially around the multi-faceted groove inside, and the threaded groove matches the thread of the external threaded sleeve 405. The external thread engagement enables the telescopic cylinder 501 to extend and retract via threaded transmission. The telescopic cylinder 501 is sleeved on the outer wall of the polygonal prism 403 and the external threaded sleeve 405, allowing the polygonal prism 403 and the external threaded sleeve 405 to work together on the telescopic cylinder 501 to achieve rotational transmission and length adjustment. A fixed tip 502 is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic cylinder 501. The fixed tip 502 has a sharp structure, which facilitates insertion into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, ensuring a stable connection between the detection rod 5 and the tunnel wall and top. The three fixed tips 502 are inserted into the two walls and the top of the tunnel to monitor the deformation of the two walls and the top of the tunnel, achieving all-round monitoring.

[0040] The support leg 2 includes an outer shell 201, a telescopic rod 202, a support foot 203, a toothed groove 204, a gear 205, and a knob 206. The outer shell 201 serves as the outer casing of the support leg 2, providing sliding space and protection for the telescopic rod 202. The telescopic rod 202 is slidably installed inside the outer shell 201 and can slide axially along the outer shell 201 to adjust the length of the support leg 2. The support foot 203 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the telescopic rod 202. The support foot 203 increases the contact area between the telescopic rod 202 and the ground, improving support stability. The rotatable connection allows the support foot 203 to adapt to different ground slopes. The two support feet 203 are fixed to the roadway floor by bolts, ensuring a secure connection. Fixed to the ground to prevent the support leg 2 from shifting and affecting monitoring accuracy, the telescopic rod 202 has a toothed groove 204 on its outer wall. The toothed groove 204 meshes with the gear 205, providing a transmission structure for the gear 205 to drive the telescopic rod 202 to move. The gear 205 is rotatably installed inside the outer shell 201. The gear 205 acts as a transmission component, driving the telescopic rod 202 to rise and fall by rotating. The gear 205 meshes with the toothed groove 204 to realize the transmission of power from the gear 205 to the telescopic rod 202. A knob 206 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the gear 205. The knob 206 provides a grip for the operator to rotate and operate the gear 205, making it easy to manually adjust the rotation of the gear 205. The knob 206 is located on the outer wall of the outer shell 201, making it convenient for the operator to operate the device from outside.

[0041] Support leg 2 also includes a ratchet 207, a pawl 208, a lever 209, and a spring 210. The ratchet 207 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of gear 205, and rotates synchronously with gear 205. Its one-way tooth structure is used to cooperate with pawl 208 to achieve one-way locking. Pawl 208 is rotatably installed inside the outer casing 201. Pawl 208 can rotate around its own axis, and its tip can engage with the tooth groove of ratchet 207. The ratchet 207 engages with each other, preventing ratchet 207 from rotating in the opposite direction, thereby preventing gear 205 from rotating in the opposite direction and preventing the telescopic rod 202 from sliding down during support. Pawl 209... A lever 209 is fixedly connected to the top of the 8. The lever 209 is used to drive the pawl 208 to rotate. When it is necessary to adjust the extension rod 202 to rise or retract, the lever 209 can be moved to separate the pawl 208 from the ratchet 207 and release the locked state. The lever 209 is located on the outer wall of the outer shell 201 for easy operation by the operator. A spring 210 is fixedly installed between the pawl 208 and the outer shell 201. The spring 210 provides elastic pressure to the pawl 208, so that the pawl 208 always has a tendency to move in the direction of the ratchet 207. This ensures that the pawl 208 can stably engage with the ratchet 207 and maintain the locked state when the lever 209 is not moved by external force.

[0042] A rotating rod 6 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the support plate 1. The rotating rod 6 can rotate around the mounting axis at the bottom of the support plate 1, providing a rotating structure for the folding of the support leg 2. An ear plate 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating rod 6. The ear plate 7 is used to connect the rotating rod 6 and the outer shell 201, providing a mounting point for the rotation of the outer shell 201. The tops of both outer shells 201 are rotatably mounted inside the ear plate 7. The rotating connection allows the outer shell 201 to rotate around the ear plate 7, so that the support leg 2 can be folded inward for storage, reducing the space occupied by the device.

[0043] Ball head seats 8 are fixedly connected to both sides and the top of the outer wall of the support plate 1. The ball head seat 8 has a spherical groove inside to accommodate and limit the movable ball head 9. The movable ball head 9 is fixedly connected to the end of the outer cylinder 301. The movable ball head 9 is a spherical structure and can rotate freely in the groove of the ball head seat 8. The movable ball head 9 is movably installed inside the ball head seat 8. This ball joint connection method allows the mounting cylinder 3 to rotate around the ball head seat 8 at any angle, which is convenient for adjusting the direction of the mounting cylinder 3 so that the detection rod 5 can be accurately aligned with the tunnel wall and the top.

[0044] A baffle 11 is bolted to the outer wall of the support plate 1. The baffle 11 is fixed to the outer wall of the support plate 1 by bolts. Its position can be adjusted according to the angle of the rotating rod 6. The baffle 11 is located on the outer wall of the rotating rod 6. When the support leg 2 is extended to a suitable angle, the baffle 11 can prevent the rotating rod 6 from continuing to rotate, thus limiting the rotation of the rotating rod 6 and ensuring that the support leg 2 maintains a stable support angle, avoiding the impact of the overall stability of the device on the angle deviation of the support leg 2.

[0045] A guide block 305 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding column 302. The guide block 305 cooperates with the guide groove 306 to restrict the movement direction of the sliding column 302 and prevent the sliding column 302 from rotating or deviating inside the outer cylinder 301. The inner wall of the outer cylinder 301 is provided with a guide groove 306, which provides a sliding track for the guide block 305 to ensure that the sliding column 302 always slides along the axial direction of the outer cylinder 301. The guide block 305 is slidably installed inside the guide groove 306 to make the sliding of the sliding column 302 smoother and avoid affecting the reading accuracy of the scale 304 due to sliding deviation.

[0046] The top of the sliding column 302 is provided with an annular mounting groove for mounting the rollers 10, providing space for fixing and rotating the rollers 10. Multiple rollers 10 are rotatably mounted inside the annular mounting groove. The rollers 10 can rotate around their own axis, converting the sliding friction between the rotating rod 401 and the sliding column 302 into rolling friction, reducing rotational resistance. The bottom of the rotating rod 401 is in contact with the outer wall of the rollers 10, so that the rotation of the rotating rod 401 can drive the rollers 10 to roll, ensuring smoother rotation of the rotating rod 401 and improving the sensitivity of coal seam micro-deviation monitoring.

[0047] Working Principle: First, the workers clean the ground at the installation location in the coal mine roadway, removing debris such as gravel and coal slag to ensure a flat surface, providing a stable support foundation for the support legs 2. Then, the two support legs 2 are extended outwards. The extension angle of the support legs 2 is adjusted by rotating the rotating rod 6 around the mounting shaft at the bottom of the support plate 1 and by rotating the outer shell 201 around the ear plate 7, ensuring the support plate 1 is horizontal. At this point, the baffle 11 on the outer wall of the support plate 1 is fixed with bolts, making the baffle 11 tightly adhere to the outer wall of the rotating rod 6, restricting the rotation of the rotating rod 6 and locking the extension angle of the support legs 2. Next, the knob 206 on the outer wall of the outer shell 201 is rotated. The knob 206 drives the internal gear 205 to rotate synchronously. Since the gear 205 meshes with the toothed groove 204 on the outer wall of the telescopic rod 202, the rotational force of the gear 205 is converted into the telescopic rod 202. As the telescopic rod moves downward along the axial direction of the outer casing 201, the ratchet 207 on the outer wall of the gear 205 rotates together with the gear 205. Under the elastic thrust of the spring 210, the pawl 208 inside the outer casing 201 is always engaged with the tooth groove of the ratchet 207 to prevent the ratchet 207 from rotating in the opposite direction. This prevents the telescopic rod 202 from sliding upward under gravity or support force, ensuring that the telescopic rod 202 descends stably. If it is necessary to fine-tune the height of the telescopic rod 202, the lever 209 is moved upward. The lever 209 drives the pawl 208 to rotate around the mounting axis, causing the pawl 208 to separate from the ratchet 207. After unlocking, the knob 206 can be rotated in the opposite direction to drive the telescopic rod 202 upward until the support plate 1 is precisely located at the center of the tunnel cross-section. Finally, the support foot 203 is fixed to the tunnel floor with expansion bolts, completing the installation and fixation of the support structure.

[0048] Then, based on the positions of the two walls and the top of the tunnel, the angle of the mounting cylinder 3 is adjusted by the cooperation of the ball head seat 8 and the movable ball head 9. The movable ball head 9 can rotate freely in the spherical groove of the ball head seat 8, driving the outer cylinder 301 to rotate synchronously, so that the three mounting cylinders 3 are respectively aligned with the left side wall, right side wall and top of the tunnel. After the adjustment is completed, the rotating sleeve 404 at the top of the rotating support rod 4 is rotated. The rotating sleeve 404 drives the external thread sleeve 405 to rotate synchronously. Since the thread groove inside the telescopic cylinder 501 meshes with the external thread of the external thread sleeve 405, and the multifaceted groove of the telescopic cylinder 501 is adapted to the polygonal prism 403, the rotation of the external thread sleeve 405 is converted into the telescopic cylinder 501 extending outward along the axial direction of the polygonal prism 403. The rotating sleeve 404 is continuously rotated until the fixed tip 502 at the top of the telescopic cylinder 501 is completely inserted into the surrounding rock of the two walls and the top of the tunnel. At this time, the detection rod 5 is tightly connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the debugging work before monitoring is completed.

[0049] Next, when settlement occurs at the top or sides of the tunnel, the surrounding rock will exert downward or toward the center of the tunnel on the fixed tip 502. The pressure is transmitted through the telescopic cylinder 501 to the polygonal prism 403 and the rotating rod 401, which in turn pushes the connecting seat 402 at the bottom of the rotating rod 401 to move downward. The connecting seat 402 drives the sliding column 302 to slide downward along the guide groove 306 on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 301, while compressing the second spring 303 inside the outer cylinder 301. The staff can accurately obtain the settlement amount of the tunnel by reading the value change of the top of the sliding column 302 on the scale 304 through the observation window on the side wall of the outer cylinder 301.

[0050] When the coal seam on the two walls or top of the roadway shifts slightly, the surrounding rock will cause the fixed tip 502 to rotate slightly. The fixed tip 502 will cause the telescopic cylinder 501 to rotate synchronously. Since the multifaceted groove of the telescopic cylinder 501 engages with the polygonal prism 403, the rotation of the telescopic cylinder 501 will cause the polygonal prism 403 and the rotating rod 401 to rotate together. At this time, the roller 10 at the top of the sliding column 302 is in contact with the bottom of the rotating rod 401. The roller 10 rolls with the rotation of the rotating rod 401, converting sliding friction into rolling friction, reducing rotational resistance, and ensuring that the rotating rod 401 can respond sensitively to small shifts. By observing the scale 406 embedded in the outer wall of the rotating rod 401 and reading the angle change value of the scale 406, the staff can determine the direction and angle of the slight shift of the coal seam.

[0051] Finally, when the monitoring task is completed or the device needs to be moved, first move the lever 209 of the support leg 2 upward to separate the pawl 208 from the ratchet 207, then rotate the knob 206 in the opposite direction to retract the telescopic rod 202 into the outer casing 201; remove the fixing bolts of the support foot 203 to the ground, fold the two support legs 2 inward so that the support legs 2 are close to the bottom of the support plate 1, then rotate the polygonal prism 403 in the opposite direction to rotate the external threaded sleeve 405 so that the telescopic cylinder 501 is retracted to its shortest state, loosen the positioning bolts of the ball head seat 8 and the movable ball head 9, and fold the three mounting cylinders 3 inward so that the mounting cylinders 3 are in contact with the support plate 1. Finally, the overall volume of the device is greatly reduced, making it easier for staff to move or store.

[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring deformation of a coal mine roadway, comprising a support disc (1), characterised in that: The bottom of the support disc (1) is provided with two support legs (2), the top and both sides of the support disc (1) are provided with mounting barrels (3), the top end of the mounting barrel (3) is slidably inserted with a support rod (4), the top end of the support rod (4) movably sheaths a detection rod (5), the monitoring end of the three detection rods (5) is inserted into the two walls and the top of the roadway.

2. The coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting barrel (3) comprises an outer sleeve (301), a sliding column (302), a spring two (303) and a scale one (304), the bottom end of the outer sleeve (301) is connected with the support disc (1), the top end of the outer sleeve (301) is slidably provided with the sliding column (302), the inner portion of the outer sleeve (301) is fixedly provided with the spring two (303), one end of the spring two (303) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the sliding column (302), the other end of the spring two (303) is connected with the sliding column (302), the sidewall of the outer sleeve (301) is provided with an observation window, and the observation window is provided with the scale one (304) inside.

3. The coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support rod (4) comprises a rotating rod (401), a connecting seat (402) and a scale two (406), the bottom of the rotating rod (401) is fixedly connected with the connecting seat (402), the connecting seat (402) is rotatably installed in the inner portion of the sliding column (302) of the mounting barrel (3), and the scale two (406) is inlaidly installed on the outer wall of the rotating rod (401). The top of the rotating rod (401) is fixedly connected with a polygonal column (403), the outer wall of the rotating rod (401) is rotatably provided with a rotating sleeve (404), the top of the rotating sleeve (404) is fixedly connected with an outer thread sleeve (405), and the outer thread sleeve (405) is sheathed on the outer portion of the polygonal column (403).

4. The coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection rod (5) comprises a telescopic sleeve (501) and a fixed sharp head (502), the middle portion of the telescopic sleeve (501) is provided with a multi-faceted groove corresponding to the polygonal column (403), the inner portion of the telescopic sleeve (501) is provided with a thread groove arranged in a ring around the multi-faceted groove, the thread groove is matched with the thread of the outer thread sleeve (405), the telescopic sleeve (501) is sheathed on the outer wall of the polygonal column (403) and the outer thread sleeve (405), the top of the telescopic sleeve (501) is fixedly connected with the fixed sharp head (502), and the fixed sharp heads (502) of the three detection rods (5) are inserted into the two walls and the top of the roadway.

5. The coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support leg (2) comprises an outer shell (201), a telescopic rod (202), a support foot (203), a tooth groove (204), a gear (205) and a knob (206), the telescopic rod (202) is slidingly installed inside the outer shell (201), the bottom of the telescopic rod (202) is rotatably installed with the support foot (203), the support foot (203) is fixed on the ground of the roadway through bolts, the outer wall of the telescopic rod (202) is provided with the tooth groove (204), the inside of the outer shell (201) is rotatably installed with the gear (205), the gear (205) is engaged with the tooth groove (204), the outer wall of the gear (205) is fixedly connected with the knob (206), and the knob (206) is located on the outer wall of the outer shell (201); the support leg (2) further comprises a ratchet wheel (207), a pawl (208), a pushing block (209) and a spring (210), the outer wall of the gear (205) is fixedly connected with the ratchet wheel (207), the inside of the outer shell (201) is rotatably installed with the pawl (208), the ratchet wheel (207) and the pawl (208) are clamped with each other, the top of the pawl (208) is fixedly connected with the pushing block (209), the pushing block (209) is located on the outer wall of the outer shell (201), and the spring (210) is fixedly installed between the pawl (208) and the outer shell (201).

6. The coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the support disc (1) is rotatably installed with a rotating rod (6), the bottom of the rotating rod (6) is fixedly connected with an ear plate (7), and the top of the two support legs (2) is rotatably installed in the inside of the ear plate (7).

7. The coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the support disc (1) is fixedly connected with a ball head seat (8) on both sides and the top, the bottom end of the mounting cylinder (3) is fixedly connected with a movable ball head (9), and the movable ball head (9) is movably installed in the inside of the ball head seat (8).

8. The coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer wall of the support disc (1) is bolted with a baffle (11), and the baffle (11) is located on the outer wall of the rotating rod (6).

9. The coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the sliding column (302) is fixedly connected with a guide block (305), and the inner wall of the outer cylinder (301) is provided with a guide groove (306), and the guide block (305) is slidingly installed in the inside of the guide groove (306).

10. The coal mine roadway deformation monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the sliding column (302) is provided with an annular mounting groove, a plurality of rolling shafts (10) are rotatably installed in the inside of the annular mounting groove, and the bottom of the rotating rod (401) is attached to the outer wall of the rolling shaft (10).

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