Microwave antenna of NV color center quantum sensor and quantum sensor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microwave antennas, in particular to a microwave antenna of an NV color center quantum sensor and the quantum sensor. The microwave antenna comprises a feed port, a load port, a feed structure and a radiation structure. Wherein the feed port is used for accessing a microwave signal; the load port is used for connecting load equipment; the feed structure is connected with the feed port and is used for accessing and transmitting the microwave signal, and the feed structure is also connected with the load port; the radiation structure is connected with the feed structure and is used for receiving the microwave signal transmitted by the feed structure and converting the microwave signal into a radiation microwave field; the radiation structure comprises a radiation patch, the radiation patch is provided with a first through hole and a through groove, and the through groove is connected with the first through hole. The microwave antenna can increase the area of a radiation uniform field and improve the impedance matching performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of microwave antenna technology, and in particular to a microwave antenna and a quantum sensor for an NV color center quantum sensor. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of quantum technology, quantum sensors, as an important branch, have shown great potential in basic scientific research and industrial applications due to their ultra-high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and ability to operate at room temperature and pressure. Among them, quantum sensors based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers have become one of the current research hotspots in the field of quantum sensing due to their unique quantum properties and relatively user-friendly operating environment. An NV center is a point defect in diamond crystal, formed by a nitrogen atom replacing a carbon atom and combining with an adjacent vacancy. Its electron spin has an optically initialized and readout ground-state spin triplet. Under the influence of external physical fields such as magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature, its energy levels will split or shift, thus reflecting changes in external physical quantities through changes in fluorescence intensity or spin relaxation time. This characteristic makes NV centers an ideal quantum sensing platform for detecting various physical quantities such as magnetic fields, electric fields, temperature, and pressure. A quantum sensor is a device that uses quantum states or quantum coherence to measure physical quantities. Compared to traditional sensors, quantum sensors can theoretically achieve the Heisenberg limit in measurement accuracy, far exceeding the performance limitations of classical sensors.

[0003] In related technologies, NV center quantum sensing systems typically consist of a diamond NV center platform, an optical excitation and collection module, a microwave excitation module, and a signal processing unit. The microwave excitation module is used to manipulate the spin states of the NV centers, and its core component is a microwave antenna. The microwave antenna generates a high-frequency electromagnetic field to resonately drive the electron spin level transitions of the NV centers, thereby achieving coherent control of the spin states. Commonly used microwave antenna types include coplanar waveguides (CPWs), microstrip lines, or loop antennas. These antennas are usually fabricated on diamond surfaces or substrates using photolithography, and their performance directly affects the uniformity, intensity, and spatial resolution of the microwave field.

[0004] However, the microwave antennas of current NV color center quantum sensors have the following technical problems:

[0005] The existing structure of microwave antennas has defects in uniformity, resulting in a small area of ​​uniform radiation field, which needs to be optimized. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a microwave antenna and a quantum sensor for an NV color center quantum sensor that can increase the area of ​​the radiated uniform field and improve impedance matching performance.

[0007] This application provides a microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor, the microwave antenna comprising:

[0008] The power supply port is used to receive microwave signals;

[0009] Load port, used to connect load devices;

[0010] A power supply structure is connected to the power supply port for receiving and transmitting the microwave signal; the power supply structure is also connected to the load port.

[0011] A radiating structure, connected to the feeding structure, is used to receive the microwave signal transmitted by the feeding structure and convert the microwave signal into a radiated microwave field;

[0012] The radiation structure includes a radiation patch, on which a first through hole and a through groove are formed, and the through groove is connected to the first through hole.

[0013] In one embodiment, the microwave antenna further includes:

[0014] The dielectric substrate, the feeding structure and the radiation structure are both disposed on the dielectric substrate, and a second through hole is formed on the dielectric substrate at a position corresponding to the first through hole. The first through hole and the second through hole cooperate to allow the laser to directly excite the NV color center through the through groove, the first through hole and the second through hole.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first through hole is a circular through hole.

[0016] In one embodiment, the through slot is provided with one or more slots.

[0017] In one embodiment, the through groove may be straight, arc-shaped, or curved.

[0018] In one embodiment, the microwave antenna further includes:

[0019] A reference ground structure is connected to the power supply structure, and the reference ground structure is used to provide a grounding signal for the power supply structure.

[0020] In one embodiment, the performance parameters of the power supply structure are adjusted by regulating at least one of the following structural parameters:

[0021] The dimensions of the power supply structure;

[0022] The distance between the power supply structure and the reference ground structure.

[0023] In one embodiment, the performance parameters of the radiating structure are adjusted by regulating at least one of the following structural parameters:

[0024] The dimensions of the radiation patch;

[0025] The position and size of the first through hole;

[0026] The location and dimensions of the through groove.

[0027] In one embodiment, the connection positions of the power supply port and the load port are compatible.

[0028] Secondly, this application also provides a quantum sensor, including a microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to any one of the first aspects.

[0029] The microwave antenna and quantum sensor of the aforementioned NV color center quantum sensor, derived from the technical features in the claims, can achieve the following beneficial effects to address the technical problems raised in the background art:

[0030] This application provides a microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor, including a feed port, a load port, a feed structure, and a radiating structure. The feed port is used to receive microwave signals; the load port is used to connect a load device; the feed structure is connected to the feed port for receiving and transmitting the microwave signals, and is also connected to the load port; the radiating structure is connected to the feed structure for receiving the microwave signals transmitted by the feed structure and converting the microwave signals into a radiated microwave field; the radiating structure includes a radiating patch with a first through-hole and a through-slot, the through-slot being connected to the first through-hole. In implementation, the combined design of the first through-hole and the through-slot allows the microwave antenna to effectively form a uniform and large-area microwave radiation field within the aperture range of the through-hole, thus helping to solve the defect of insufficient uniform radiation field area in the prior art. The through-slot provides a physical path for the laser to directly hit the diamond, thereby achieving spatial overlap between microwave excitation and laser excitation. While optimizing the internal structure, this enhances the energy excitation efficiency of the diamond, and further helps to improve the sensitivity of the quantum sensor. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the radiation structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microwave antenna in the embodiment of this application.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, radiating structure; 101, radiating patch; 102, first through hole; 103, through slot; 200, power supply structure; 300, power supply port; 400, load port; 500, reference ground structure. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0038] It is understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, a first resistor may be referred to as a second resistor, and similarly, a second resistor may be referred to as a first resistor. Both the first resistor and the second resistor are resistors, but they are not the same resistor.

[0039] It is understood that the term "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc., have electrical signal or data transmission with each other.

[0040] It is understandable that "at least one" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least a part of an element" refers to part or all of an element.

[0041] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising / including” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Meanwhile, the term “and / or” as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0042] This application was made by the inventor based on his understanding and research into the following issues:

[0043] In related technologies, NV center quantum sensing systems typically consist of a diamond NV center platform, an optical excitation and collection module, a microwave excitation module, and a signal processing unit. The microwave excitation module is used to manipulate the spin states of the NV centers, and its core component is a microwave antenna. The microwave antenna generates a high-frequency electromagnetic field to resonately drive the electron spin level transitions of the NV centers, thereby achieving coherent control of the spin states. Commonly used microwave antenna types include coplanar waveguides (CPWs), microstrip lines, or loop antennas. These antennas are usually fabricated on diamond surfaces or substrates using photolithography, and their performance directly affects the uniformity, intensity, and spatial resolution of the microwave field.

[0044] However, the microwave antennas of current NV color center quantum sensors have the following technical problems:

[0045] The existing structure of microwave antennas has defects in uniformity, resulting in a small area of ​​uniform radiation field, which needs to be optimized.

[0046] Based on the above problems, this application provides a microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor and a quantum sensor.

[0047] This application provides a microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor, which can be used as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a power supply port 300, a load port 400, a power supply structure 200, and a radiation structure 100.

[0048] The power supply port 300 is used to receive microwave signals.

[0049] Among them, load port 400 is used to connect load devices.

[0050] The power supply structure 200 is connected to the power supply port 300 for receiving and transmitting the microwave signal, and the power supply structure 200 is also connected to the load port 400.

[0051] The radiating structure 100 is connected to the feeding structure 200 and is used to receive the microwave signal transmitted by the feeding structure 200 and convert the microwave signal into a radiated microwave field.

[0052] The radiation structure 100 includes a radiation patch 101, on which a first through hole 102 and a through groove 103 are provided, and the through groove 103 is connected to the first through hole 102.

[0053] By implementing the microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor as described above, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:

[0054] This application provides a microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor, including a feed port 300, a load port 400, a feed structure 200, and a radiating structure 100. The feed port 300 is used to receive microwave signals; the load port 400 is used to connect a load device; the feed structure 200 is connected to the feed port 300 and is used to receive and transmit the microwave signals, and is also connected to the load port 400; the radiating structure 100 is connected to the feed structure 200 and is used to receive the microwave signals transmitted by the feed structure 200 and convert the microwave signals into a radiated microwave field; the radiating structure 100 includes a radiating patch 101, on which a first through hole 102 and a through slot 103 are formed, and the through slot 103 is connected to the first through hole 102. In implementation, the design of the first through hole 102 and the through slot 103 enables the microwave antenna to effectively form a microwave radiation field with uniform intensity and large area within the aperture range of the through hole, thereby helping to solve the defect of insufficient radiation uniform field area in the prior art. The through slot 103 provides a physical path for the laser to directly hit the diamond, thereby realizing the spatial overlap of microwave excitation and laser excitation. While optimizing the internal structure, it enhances the energy excitation efficiency of the diamond, and further helps to improve the sensitivity of the quantum sensor.

[0055] In one embodiment, the microwave antenna further includes:

[0056] The dielectric substrate, the feeding structure 200 and the radiation structure 100 are both disposed on the dielectric substrate, and a second through hole is formed on the dielectric substrate at a position corresponding to the first through hole 102. The first through hole 102 and the second through hole cooperate to allow the laser to directly excite the NV color center through the through groove 103, the first through hole 102 and the second through hole.

[0057] In practice, the antenna structure of the microwave antenna also includes a dielectric substrate. By setting a second through hole on the dielectric substrate, it is helpful to ensure that the laser can pass through the through slot 103 without obstruction to excite the diamond, which helps to reduce the loss and scattering of laser energy, and helps to improve the excitation efficiency of the NV color center, thereby improving the signal strength of the quantum sensor.

[0058] In one embodiment, the first through hole 102 is a circular through hole.

[0059] In practice, the first through hole 102 can be set as a circle. The circular symmetrical structure helps to generate a highly symmetrical and uniform microwave field distribution in the through hole area, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity and accuracy of sensor measurements.

[0060] In one embodiment, the through groove 103 is provided with one or more grooves.

[0061] In practice, by setting one or more through slots 103, it is possible to configure different current distributions and impedance characteristics by using different numbers of through slots 103, which helps to improve the flexibility of microwave antenna configuration.

[0062] In one embodiment, the through groove 103 may be straight, arc-shaped, or curved.

[0063] In practice, by setting through slots 103 of different shapes, it is helpful to configure different current distributions and impedance characteristics, which helps to improve the flexibility of microwave antenna configuration.

[0064] In one embodiment, the microwave antenna further includes:

[0065] A reference ground structure 500 is connected to the power supply structure 200, and the reference ground structure 500 is used to provide a grounding signal for the power supply structure 200.

[0066] In implementation, the reference ground structure 500 set in the microwave antenna enables the microwave antenna to achieve both coplanar waveguide and microstrip line forms, improving the flexibility of microwave antenna configuration.

[0067] In one embodiment, the performance parameters of the power supply structure 200 are adjusted by regulating at least one of the following structural parameters:

[0068] The dimensions of the power supply structure 200;

[0069] The distance between the power supply structure 200 and the reference ground structure 500.

[0070] In practice, by configuring different structural parameters, it is helpful to adjust the performance parameters of the feed structure 200 and improve the flexibility of microwave antenna configuration.

[0071] In one embodiment, the performance parameters of the radiation structure 100 are adjusted by regulating at least one of the following structural parameters:

[0072] The dimensions of the radiation patch 101;

[0073] The position and dimensions of the first through hole 102;

[0074] The position and dimensions of the through groove 103.

[0075] In practice, by configuring different structural parameters, it is helpful to adjust the performance parameters of the radiating structure 100 and improve the flexibility of microwave antenna configuration.

[0076] In one embodiment, the connection positions of the power supply port 300 and the load port 400 are compatible.

[0077] During implementation and system integration, the input ports can be freely selected based on the convenience of PCB routing, which helps to improve the flexibility of microwave antenna configuration.

[0078] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a quantum sensor, including a microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0079] It is understood that the microwave antenna and quantum sensor of the NV color center quantum sensor described above can also take other forms, and are not limited to the forms mentioned in the above embodiments, as long as they can achieve the function of increasing the area of ​​the radiation uniform field and improving the impedance matching performance.

[0080] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.

[0081] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0082] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor, characterized in that, The microwave antenna includes: The power supply port is used to receive microwave signals; Load port, used to connect load devices; A power supply structure is connected to the power supply port for receiving and transmitting the microwave signal; the power supply structure is also connected to the load port. A radiating structure, connected to the feeding structure, is used to receive the microwave signal transmitted by the feeding structure and convert the microwave signal into a radiated microwave field; The radiation structure includes a radiation patch, on which a first through hole and a through groove are formed, and the through groove is connected to the first through hole.

2. The microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave antenna also includes: The dielectric substrate, the feeding structure and the radiation structure are both disposed on the dielectric substrate, and a second through hole is formed on the dielectric substrate at a position corresponding to the first through hole. The first through hole and the second through hole cooperate to allow the laser to directly excite the NV color center through the through groove, the first through hole and the second through hole.

3. The microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first through hole is a circular through hole.

4. The microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passageway has one or more channels.

5. The microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The through groove can be straight, arc-shaped, or curved.

6. A microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The microwave antenna also includes: A reference ground structure is connected to the power supply structure, and the reference ground structure is used to provide a grounding signal for the power supply structure.

7. The microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The performance parameters of the power supply structure are adjusted by adjusting at least one of the following structural parameters: The dimensions of the power supply structure; The distance between the power supply structure and the reference ground structure.

8. A microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The performance parameters of the radiation structure are adjusted by adjusting at least one of the following structural parameters: The dimensions of the radiation patch; The position and size of the first through hole; The location and dimensions of the through groove.

9. The microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection positions of the power supply port and the load port are compatible.

10. A quantum sensor, characterized in that, A microwave antenna for an NV color center quantum sensor according to any one of claims 1-9.

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