Self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system and method based on space-time regulation

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system and method based on space-time regulation and control. The self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system comprises an external wireless center and a plurality of execution units. The external wireless center is used for generating a downlink control signal corresponding to the state required by the execution unit; the execution unit comprises a radiation layer and a control layer which are stacked; the radiation layer comprises a first antenna path and a second antenna path; the first antenna path is used for processing a downlink control signal to provide stable energy supply and a unified clock / synchronization reference for the second antenna path; the second antenna path extracts a state sequence in a downlink control signal and controls the on-off state of a diode in a control layer through the extracted state sequence under a unified clock provided by a peripheral support circuit, so that the control and directional reflection type communication requirements of high space-time modulation requirements are met, and the communication efficiency is improved. Therefore, the metasurface array can accurately regulate and control the frequency, the phase and the direction of the incident electromagnetic wave under the wireless architecture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of reconfigurable metasurface technology, specifically relating to a self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system and method based on time-space conditioned control. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of electromagnetic detection methods in modern battlefields and security environments, radar is increasingly used in target location, identification, and tracking. At the same time, how to effectively reduce the detectability of targets to radar has become an important and ongoing concern. In scenarios such as military equipment, unmanned platforms, and critical infrastructure, a certain degree of electromagnetic stealth capability is often required to avoid detection and identification by enemy or external monitoring systems.

[0003] Traditional radar stealth methods mostly rely on radar-absorbing materials (RAM) or target contour optimization design to weaken radar echo signals by absorbing some incident energy or reducing backscattering intensity. However, these methods often have a fixed frequency response, poor adaptability to different angles, polarizations, or frequency bands, and are difficult to dynamically adjust, making it difficult to meet the application requirements of modern radar detection systems in multi-band, multi-modal, and rapidly changing scenarios.

[0004] With the development of artificial electromagnetic structures, reconfigurable metasurfaces have gradually emerged as a novel radar stealth technology. These metasurfaces are composed of numerous subwavelength units, and by dynamically adjusting the electromagnetic response of each unit, the wavefront shape, direction, or spectral composition of the reflected wave can be flexibly manipulated. Using this type of structure, the system can not only minimize reflection in a specified direction (stealth), but also generate scattering patterns to camouflage targets (illusion) when needed, achieving active electromagnetic deception, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0005] Furthermore, with the increasing demand for wireless communication, especially in fields such as satellite-to-ground communication, low-detectability communication (LPI), and intelligent sensing networks, integrating "stealth" and "communication" has become a research hotspot. Traditional communication systems often rely on active radio frequency links, exhibiting significant electromagnetic radiation characteristics that are easily intercepted and interfered with. However, communication methods based on reconfigurable metasurfaces offer a novel approach: by controlling the spatiotemporal response of the reflective metasurface, the incident wave can be modulated, thereby achieving reflective communication (such as modulation frequency, amplitude, phase, or harmonic structure), completing information transmission without actively transmitting signals.

[0006] The key to achieving this functionality lies in high-speed, precise, and synchronous control of the metasurface units—that is, requiring each unit to complete the switching operation of the PIN diodes within a nanosecond timescale, and to maintain a unified clock and modulation sequence at the array level, such as... Figure 2As shown. However, current control methods (such as wired control and infrared) have drawbacks such as complex structure, strong power supply dependence, or lack of time control capability, and cannot meet the above communication requirements.

[0007] like Figure 3 As shown, the widely adopted wire-controlled programmable metasurface architecture embeds tunable PIN diodes within a two-dimensional metasurface structure and connects to a centralized control unit (such as an FPGA) via a network of metal wires on a printed circuit board (PCB). This enables dynamic control of the reflection characteristics of each metasurface unit, with typical applications including reflection phase control, direction modulation, and multi-beam scanning. Such systems possess excellent time control precision and can generate arbitrary PIN state sequences through programming, thus theoretically enabling spatial manipulation for microwave absorption and stealth, as well as communication capabilities for spatiotemporal joint control. However, this approach suffers from the following problems in practical deployment:

[0008] (1) Complex wiring layout limits scalability: An increase in the number of units will lead to a simultaneous increase in the density of control wires and the number of connection ports, raising the overall complexity of the system and the difficulty of expansion;

[0009] (2) Unable to achieve remote power supply and distributed control: Each unit must be connected to a bias power supply through a wire, and cannot operate independently of the controller (such as FPGA), making it unsuitable for complex scenarios such as mobile carriers and flexible structures;

[0010] (3) The system is rigid and difficult to adapt to complex deployments: the reflection units are highly dependent on wiring connections, have low modularity, and are not conducive to rapid assembly and field deployment;

[0011] (4) Limited reliability and complex maintenance: The large number of wires and connectors increases the probability of system failure and affects long-term stable operation.

[0012] like Figure 4 As shown, the infrared remote control-based reflective metasurface control scheme transmits control commands through communication between an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver module. A microcontroller connected to the receiver module, based on the instructions, changes the power supply to the array via a centralized power cable, thereby driving the PIN diodes to switch states and thus altering the spatial response mode of the reflective surface. The main advantage of this scheme is that it achieves non-contact control signal transmission, improving the system's layout flexibility. However, it also has the following problems:

[0013] (1) It still relies on centralized power supply: Although the control signal is transmitted remotely by optical transmission, the MCU and drive circuit need a stable power supply and cannot get rid of the constraints of external power supply;

[0014] (2) Inability to achieve precise time control: Infrared control has a large delay and directional limitations, and cannot control PIN tube switching at the microsecond or even nanosecond level, so it does not have the ability to modulate the spectrum or harmonic communication;

[0015] (3) Low control reliability: Infrared signals are easily blocked and affected by ambient light interference, which is not conducive to working in harsh environments. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system and method based on time-space conditioned control.

[0017] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system based on time-space control, which includes an external wireless hub and a plurality of execution units arranged in sequence; the external wireless hub is used to generate corresponding downlink control signals according to the target state of the execution units and broadcast them to each execution unit;

[0018] The execution unit includes a radiating layer and a control layer stacked together. The radiating layer includes a first antenna path and a second antenna path. The first antenna path includes a first receiving antenna and a peripheral support circuit. The first receiving antenna transmits downlink control signals to the peripheral support circuit for processing, providing power and a unified clock signal for the second antenna path. The second antenna path includes a second receiving antenna and a communication chip. The second receiving antenna transmits downlink control signals to the communication chip for processing, and performs synchronous adjustments to the control layer under the unified clock signal provided by the peripheral support circuit. The control layer includes a metasurface array and diodes. The diodes are turned on or off according to the output of the peripheral support circuit, forming a preset phase distribution in the metasurface array.

[0019] During operation, the self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system includes a stealth state and a communication state. In the stealth state, the external wireless hub outputs downlink control signals carrying the stealth state sequence to achieve stealth of the execution unit, and then outputs downlink control signals carrying the stealth state sequence or without any information to maintain power supply to the execution unit. In the communication state, the external wireless hub outputs downlink control signals carrying the communication state sequence at every moment to control the execution unit and realize the communication of the execution unit.

[0020] Preferably, the communication chip includes a demodulation module, a detection module, and a control unit connected in series; the demodulation module is used to perform envelope detection and baseband recovery on the downlink control signal received by the second receiving antenna, and to complete synchronous sampling and data extraction according to the clock signal; the detection module is used to extract and verify information from the demodulated data extracted by the demodulation module, and to temporarily store the extracted information; the control unit is used to generate corresponding control commands according to the information temporarily stored by the detection module, and to drive the diodes in the control layer to turn on or off.

[0021] Preferably, the peripheral support circuit includes a rectifier power supply link, a power management module, and a clock extraction module; the rectifier power supply link includes a rectifier, a DC-pass filter, and an overvoltage protection circuit connected in sequence; the input terminal of the power management module is connected to the connection terminal of the DC-pass filter and the overvoltage protection circuit, and the output terminal is connected to the power-on reset signal interface on the communication chip; the input terminal of the clock extraction module is connected to the connection terminal of the rectifier and the DC-pass filter, and the output terminal is connected to the clock interface on the communication chip.

[0022] Preferably, the power management module employs a power-on reset circuit; the clock extraction module employs a voltage comparator.

[0023] Preferably, the external wireless hub includes a host computer, a software radio, and a transmitting antenna; the host computer is used to generate a corresponding state sequence according to the output state required by the execution unit; the software radio is used to generate downlink control signals corresponding to the state sequence and transmit them to the execution unit through the transmitting antenna.

[0024] Preferably, the execution unit further includes a ground layer disposed between the radiation layer and the control layer; through holes are formed on the ground layer and the dielectric of the radiation layer and the control layer; the wires between the peripheral support circuit and the communication chip and the ground layer, and between the communication chip and the diode and the ground layer, respectively pass through the corresponding through holes.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention provides a self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method based on time-space control, which uses the aforementioned self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system; the self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method includes:

[0026] The external wireless hub sends downlink control signals to the execution unit; the first antenna path in the execution unit processes the downlink control signals through a rectifier, and the current output by the rectifier is filtered by a DC-pass filter and then supplied to the communication chip through the power supply interface; at the same time, a switching signal is generated through the power-on reset circuit in the first antenna path and transmitted to the communication chip through the power-on reset signal interface.

[0027] When the execution unit switches to the target state, the external wireless hub generates a downlink control signal based on the target state sequence and sends it to the execution unit through the transmitting antenna. After the external wireless hub completes communication with all execution units, it broadcasts a synchronization signal. The clock extraction module in the first antenna path generates a unified clock signal based on the synchronization signal and inputs it to the communication chip through the clock interface. Under the drive of the unified external clock, the communication chip in each execution unit drives the diode to switch on and off according to the downlink control signal, so that the execution unit reaches the target state.

[0028] Preferably, the criteria for determining whether all execution units have completed communication are as follows: the detection module verifies the downlink control signal demodulated by the demodulation module, and sends the verification result to the external wireless hub through the second receiving antenna after verification; if the host computer detects that there is an execution unit that has failed verification, it will repeatedly send the corresponding data frame to the execution unit until the execution unit has successfully verified; if all verification results received by the host computer show success, it means that all execution units have completed communication.

[0029] Preferably, the data frame includes a preamble, a synchronization word, an address field, a payload, and a cyclic redundancy check field connected in sequence; the preamble is used to ensure that the receiving end recognizes the start of the data frame; the synchronization word is used to complete frame boundary positioning; the address field is used to distinguish different execution units; the payload field carries control commands or parameter information; and the cyclic redundancy check field is used to verify the integrity of the data frame during transmission.

[0030] As a preferred method, the detection module performs verification as follows:

[0031] First, the detection module completes frame synchronization using the synchronization word in the data frame, and then performs integrity verification on the received data based on the cyclic redundancy check field. After the integrity verification passes, the address field is used for address matching to determine whether the data frame is for this execution unit. If the address match is successful, it means that the execution unit has successfully verified the data. If the integrity verification fails or the address match fails, it means that the execution unit has failed the verification.

[0032] Preferably, the target state includes a stealth state and a communication state; after the execution unit reaches the stealth state, the external wireless hub outputs a downlink control signal without carrying any information to maintain power supply to the execution unit; after the execution unit reaches the communication state, the external wireless hub continuously outputs a downlink control signal carrying communication information to maintain communication of the execution unit.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0034] 1. In this invention, each execution unit obtains a unified external clock by relying on the downlink control signal sent by the external wireless hub. This solves the problem of insufficient timing control accuracy caused by the difficulty of maintaining synchronization when the array units in traditional metasurface arrays perform high-speed switching. This allows each unit to store the control sequence first, and then achieve simultaneous array-level execution under the trigger of the synchronization pulse, thereby achieving array-level nanosecond-level synchronization and high-precision timing control. At the same time, this invention can switch between stealth and communication states, achieving compatibility between low-detectability communication (LPI) and broadband absorbing, and meeting the dual requirements of electromagnetic stealth and secure communication.

[0035] 2. This invention uses array-level time-space control to concentrate the reflected signal energy in the target direction, effectively suppressing sidelobes, reducing the risk of unintentional leakage, and significantly improving the anti-interception and confidentiality capabilities of communication. At the same time, it ensures that the interference of the energy receiving and control circuit to the front-end reflective surface is minimized, enabling the metasurface to maintain good reflection efficiency and stable communication quality.

[0036] 3. This invention simultaneously achieves power supply, clock reference, and control command distribution via radio frequency waves, solving the problem that traditional wired control schemes require laying power supply and control wires for each unit, leading to a sharp increase in complexity as the array size expands. This enables the unit to have complete autonomy, fundamentally reducing wiring, improving modularity and scalability, and better adapting to complex structures and space-constrained scenarios. At the same time, this invention can be paired with any simple wireless communication chip (such as FSK, LoRa, BLE, or custom protocols), greatly improving the openness and scalability of the architecture, making it easier to select the most suitable wireless method according to the scenario.

[0037] 4. In this invention, the clocks of each execution unit are obtained from external broadcast signals through circuit demodulation, rather than the local crystal oscillator relied upon by traditional wireless communication chips. Since all execution units share the same external time base, their synchronization is significantly improved, approaching or even comparable to the unified clock accuracy of traditional wired centralized control schemes. Simultaneously, a stable independent power supply path ensures that even chips that originally lacked power-off retention capabilities can reliably operate through a "store-before-control + synchronous triggering" mechanism. This combination not only improves the accuracy of array-level time and space control but also significantly enhances the system's chip compatibility and overall versatility, enabling this invention to achieve near-wired system-level ultra-high precision spatiotemporal joint control within a wireless architecture. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the working process of achieving cloaking and illusion using reconfigurable metasurfaces.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a time-controlled metasurface programmable metasurface structure based on FPGA control.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a wire-controlled programmable metasurface structure based on FPGA control.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a system structure that uses infrared for wireless control.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the execution unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 This is an overall flowchart of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram comparing the metasurface in this invention with a conventional metasurface. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, a self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system based on time-space control includes an external wireless hub and multiple sequentially arranged execution units. The external wireless hub includes a host computer (PC), a software-defined radio (SDR), and a transmitting antenna. The host computer generates corresponding state sequences based on the required output states of the execution units; the software-defined radio modulates data frames into downlink control signals (ASK modulated dual-tone signals) and receives feedback from the execution units.

[0050] like Figure 6As shown, the execution unit includes a radiating layer, a ground layer, and a control layer stacked together. The radiating layer adopts a dual-antenna path decoupling architecture, which includes a first antenna path and a second antenna path. The first antenna path includes a first receiving antenna and peripheral support circuitry; the first receiving antenna transmits the downlink control signal emitted by the transmitting antenna to the peripheral support circuitry, and provides power and clock to the second antenna path through the peripheral support circuitry. The second antenna path includes a second receiving antenna and a communication chip; the second receiving antenna transmits the downlink control signal emitted by the transmitting antenna to the communication chip, and regulates the control layer through the communication chip. The control layer includes a metasurface array and PIN diodes; the PIN diodes are turned on or off according to the output of the peripheral support circuitry, thereby forming a preset phase distribution in the metasurface array to achieve electromagnetic wave reflection or absorption in a specific direction. Through-holes are opened on the ground layer and the dielectric of the radiating layer and the control layer; the wires between the peripheral support circuitry and the communication chip and the ground layer, and between the communication chip and the PIN diodes and the ground layer, respectively pass through the corresponding through-holes.

[0051] In this embodiment, the first receiving antenna is a high-gain antenna; the second receiving antenna is a loop antenna.

[0052] The peripheral support circuitry includes a rectifier power supply link, a power management module, and a clock extraction module. The rectifier power supply link provides power for the stable operation of the second antenna path and includes a rectifier, a DC-pass filter, and an overvoltage protection circuit (OVP). The rectifier includes a DC blocking capacitor and a rectifier diode; one end of the DC blocking capacitor is connected to the first receiving antenna, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier diode; the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is grounded. The DC-pass filter includes a filter inductor and a filter capacitor; one end of the filter inductor is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier diode, and the other end is grounded through the filter capacitor. The overvoltage protection circuit is connected in series between the connection points of the filter inductor and filter capacitor and the ground wire. The rectifier power supply link inputs the DC power output from the DC-pass filter to the communication chip through the power supply interface on the communication chip, thus providing operating power to the communication chip; and the DC power output from the DC-pass filter has been processed by the external voltage regulation and overvoltage protection module to ensure the stability of the chip's operating voltage when the wireless power input fluctuates.

[0053] The power management module employs a power-on reset (POR) circuit. Its input is connected to the DC-DC pass filter and overvoltage protection circuit, while its output is connected to the power-on reset signal interface on the communication chip. This allows it to input a switching signal to the communication chip's POR interface to control the second antenna path to begin operation. During system startup, the power management module detects whether the rectified voltage has reached a stable value. When the rectified output enters a steady state or the supply voltage exceeds the startup threshold, the power management module inputs a switching signal to the communication chip to initiate normal communication operation, thus preventing the communication chip from prematurely receiving erroneous signals under low-voltage conditions.

[0054] The clock extraction module employs a voltage comparator, whose input is connected to the rectifier and DC-pass filter, and whose output is connected to the clock interface on the communication chip. This allows it to input a clock signal to the communication chip's clock interface to assist signal transmission in the second antenna path. The clock signal input to the communication chip through the clock extraction module provides a unified sampling and decision timing for different modules within the communication chip. Simultaneously, the clock signal enables the communication chips of each execution unit to complete data sampling and command response under the same time base, preventing array-level communication timing drift.

[0055] The communication chip comprises a demodulation module, a detection module, and a control unit connected in series. The demodulation module performs envelope detection and baseband recovery on the downlink control signal received by the second receiving antenna, and performs synchronous sampling and data extraction based on an external clock signal. The detection module performs address comparison and extracts and temporarily stores the payload from the demodulated data extracted by the demodulation module, and is responsible for CRC verification to determine whether the received signal is complete and valid. The control unit generates corresponding control commands based on the payload extracted by the detection module and drives the PIN diodes in the control layer to turn on or off.

[0056] During operation, the self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system includes a stealth state and a communication state. In the stealth state, the external wireless hub outputs downlink control signals carrying the stealth state sequence to achieve stealth of the execution unit, and then outputs downlink control signals without any information to maintain power supply to the execution unit. In the communication state, the external wireless hub outputs downlink control signals carrying the communication state sequence at every moment to control the execution unit and realize the communication of the execution unit.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, a self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method based on time-space control is described, using the self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system in Example 1; the self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: The external wireless hub transmits a downlink control signal without carrying any information. The first antenna path receives the downlink control signal through the receiving antenna and converts it into multi-order intermodulation components through a rectifier, including first-order terms (ω1, ω2), second-order difference frequency terms (ω2-ω1), and higher terms (ω1+ω2, 2ω1, 2ω2, etc.). A DC-pass filter filters the current output from the rectifier and outputs a stable DC current (VDD), which is supplied to the communication chip through the power supply interface, thereby maintaining the continuous operation of the execution unit. At the same time, a switching signal is generated by the power-on reset circuit and transmitted to the communication chip through the power-on reset signal interface, putting the communication chip into a wake-up standby state, ensuring that the demodulation and output of subsequent control information are carried out under reliable power supply conditions. At this time, each execution unit does not need to work continuously, but only retains the ability to detect ASK waves, thereby achieving ultra-low power standby and fast wake-up, significantly reducing system energy consumption and improving long-term operational stability.

[0060] In this embodiment, the resonant frequency of the DC pass filter is greater than the difference frequency component (ω2-ω1), thus effectively preserving the low-frequency difference frequency signal while ensuring rectification efficiency.

[0061] Step Two: Invisibility

[0062] Step 2-1. Generate and send the stealth state sequence

[0063] The host computer obtains the stealth state sequence (PIN diode on / off state) that allows each execution unit to remain in stealth mode according to stealth requirements, encapsulates it into data frames, and sends them sequentially to the software radio. Within the software radio, the data frames are loaded onto dual-tone signals of similar frequencies, modulated using ASK / FSK / PSK, etc., to form downlink control signals, and then transmitted to the target execution unit via the transmit antenna.

[0064] like Figure 8As shown, a data frame includes a preamble, a synchronization word, an address field, a payload, and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field connected in sequence to ensure the correctness of the transmission. The preamble ensures that the receiver can accurately identify the start of the data frame, stabilizes the receiver's detection circuit state, and provides a reference timing for the subsequent synchronization word identification. The synchronization word is used to complete frame alignment and determine whether a valid communication state has been entered, preventing false triggering caused by noise or bit errors. The address field distinguishes different execution units, enabling independent addressing and command distribution for multiple nodes, thereby avoiding cross-interference of control signals. The payload field carries control commands or parameter information, including PIN diode on / off instructions, timing control parameters, or mode switching flags for the execution unit in the target mode. The cyclic redundancy check field verifies the integrity of the data frame during transmission.

[0065] Step 2-2. Sequence verification

[0066] After receiving the downlink control signal via the second receiving antenna, the execution unit restores the input downlink control signal to a binary bit stream through the demodulation module and inputs it to the detection module for verification. The verification process is as follows:

[0067] First, frame synchronization is achieved using a synchronization word. Then, the integrity of the received data is checked based on the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field. If the check passes, address matching is performed using the address field to determine if the data frame is appropriate for this execution unit. If the address match is successful, the payload in the data frame is extracted and latched into a register in the detection module. If the integrity check fails or the address match fails (CRC check fails), the data frame is determined to have encountered an error during transmission and will not be executed.

[0068] Step 2-3. Verification Result Feedback

[0069] After the detection module completes the verification, it sends a feedback frame to the software radio via the second receiving antenna to report the reception status of this execution unit. The feedback frame includes the "unit address identifier" and the "reception acknowledgment flag (ACK / NACK)" field. The software radio aggregates the feedback frames from all execution units and sends them back to the host computer. If the host computer detects an execution unit with a NACK flag (i.e., a CRC check failure) in the feedback frame, it determines that the execution unit has a reception abnormality and re-instructs the software radio to resend the corresponding data frame only to the abnormal execution unit. This feedback-determination-retransmission process constitutes a complete uplink communication logic loop. Through this mechanism, even in the event of transient interference in the wireless link, all units can still synchronously enter the ready state after the final feedback is consistent, thereby avoiding partial synchronization problems at the array level and ensuring the overall timing consistency of the subsequent synchronization triggering phase.

[0070] Steps 2-4. Execution Unit Stealth

[0071] After the software-defined radio receives feedback confirming that all execution units are in normal working order, the external wireless hub broadcasts a synchronization signal. This synchronization signal is processed by rectifiers and comparators in each execution unit, shaped into a unified clock signal, and input to the communication chip via the clock interface. Driven by the unified external clock, the detection modules in each execution unit load the payload to the control unit. The control unit generates a corresponding I / O word based on the payload and drives the PIN diodes to switch on and off via the I / O port, thereby forming a preset phase distribution in the metasurface array and achieving stealth for the execution units. After the execution units achieve stealth, the external wireless hub only needs to output downlink control signals without any information to maintain power supply to the execution units.

[0072] Step 3: Communication Status

[0073] Step 2-1. Generate and send the communication state sequence

[0074] The host computer obtains the communication state sequence of each execution unit capable of communication based on real-time communication requirements, encapsulates it into data frames, and sequentially sends them to the software radio. Within the software radio, the data frames are loaded onto dual-tone signals of similar frequencies, modulated using ASK / FSK / PSK or other methods to form downlink control signals, and then transmitted to the target execution unit via the transmit antenna.

[0075] Step 2-2. Sequence verification

[0076] After receiving the downlink control signal via the second receiving antenna, the execution unit restores the input downlink control signal to a binary bit stream through the demodulation module and inputs it to the detection module for verification.

[0077] Step 2-3. Verification Result Feedback

[0078] After the detection module completes the verification, it sends a feedback frame to the external wireless hub via the second receiving antenna to report the reception status of this execution unit. If an execution unit experiences a reception anomaly, the corresponding data frame is repeatedly sent to the abnormal execution unit via the external wireless hub.

[0079] Steps 2-4. Execution Unit Communication

[0080] After the software-defined radio receives feedback confirming that all execution units are in normal working order, the external wireless hub broadcasts a synchronization signal. This synchronization signal is processed by rectifiers and comparators in each execution unit, shaped into a unified clock signal, and input to the communication chip via the clock interface. Driven by the unified external clock, the detection modules in each execution unit load the payload to the control unit. The control unit generates a corresponding I / O control word based on the payload to drive the PIN diodes to switch between on and off states, such as... Figure 9 As shown. From Figure 9 As can be seen, compared with conventional metasurface scattering communication, the metasurface array of the present invention can realize electromagnetic wave reflection or absorption in a specific direction, achieving the functional goal of integrating stealth and communication.

[0081] Step 2-5. Repeat steps 2-1 to 2-4 until the communication process of the execution unit is completed. Through this process, the metasurface array can perform nanosecond-level synchronous switching strictly according to the pre-stored timing sequence, thereby achieving high-precision time and temperature control of the amplitude, phase, and spectral structure of the incident electromagnetic wave, realizing the time and temperature control of the metasurface array.

Claims

1. A spatiotemporal control based self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system, characterized in that: It includes an external wireless hub and multiple execution units arranged in sequence; the external wireless hub is used to generate corresponding downlink control signals according to the target state of the execution units and broadcast them to each execution unit; The execution unit includes a radiating layer and a control layer stacked together; the radiating layer includes a first antenna path and a second antenna path; the first antenna path includes a first receiving antenna and peripheral support circuitry. The first receiving antenna transmits downlink control signals to the peripheral support circuit for processing, providing power and a unified clock signal for the second antenna path; the second antenna path includes a second receiving antenna and a communication chip; the second receiving antenna transmits downlink control signals to the communication chip for processing, and performs synchronous adjustments to the control layer under the unified clock signal provided by the peripheral support circuit; the control layer includes a metasurface array and diodes; the diodes are turned on or off according to the output of the peripheral support circuit, forming a preset phase distribution in the metasurface array; During operation, the self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system includes a stealth state and a communication state. In the stealth state, the external wireless hub outputs downlink control signals carrying the stealth state sequence to achieve stealth of the execution unit, and then outputs downlink control signals carrying the stealth state sequence or without any information to maintain power supply to the execution unit. In the communication state, the external wireless hub outputs downlink control signals carrying the communication state sequence at every moment to control the execution unit and realize the communication of the execution unit.

2. The spatiotemporal control based self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system according to claim 1, wherein: The communication chip includes a demodulation module, a detection module, and a control unit connected in series. The demodulation module is used to perform envelope detection and baseband recovery on the downlink control signal received by the second receiving antenna, and to complete synchronous sampling and data extraction according to the clock signal. The detection module is used to extract and verify information from the demodulated data extracted by the demodulation module, and to temporarily store the extracted information. The control unit is used to generate corresponding control commands according to the information temporarily stored by the detection module, and to drive the diodes in the control layer to turn on or off.

3. The self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system based on spatiotemporal regulation of claim 1, wherein: The peripheral support circuit includes a rectifier power supply link, a power management module, and a clock extraction module; the rectifier power supply link includes a rectifier, a DC-pass filter, and an overvoltage protection circuit connected in sequence; the input terminal of the power management module is connected to the connection terminal of the DC-pass filter and the overvoltage protection circuit, and the output terminal is connected to the power-on reset signal interface on the communication chip; the input terminal of the clock extraction module is connected to the connection terminal of the rectifier and the DC-pass filter, and the output terminal is connected to the clock interface on the communication chip.

4. The spatiotemporal control based self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system of claim 1, wherein: The external wireless hub includes a host computer, a software radio, and a transmitting antenna; the host computer is used to generate a corresponding state sequence according to the output state required by the execution unit; the software radio is used to generate downlink control signals corresponding to the state sequence and transmit them to the execution unit through the transmitting antenna.

5. The self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system based on time-space conditioned control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The execution unit also includes a grounding layer disposed between the radiation layer and the control layer; through holes are formed on the grounding layer and the dielectric of the radiation layer and the control layer; the wires between the peripheral support circuit and the communication chip and the grounding layer, and between the communication chip and the diode and the grounding layer, respectively pass through the corresponding through holes.

6. A self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method based on time-space conditioned control, characterized in that: Using the self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control system based on time-space control as described in claim 1; The self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method includes: The external wireless hub sends downlink control signals to the execution unit; The first antenna path in the execution unit processes the downlink control signal through a rectifier, and then filters the current output by the rectifier through a DC-pass filter before supplying it to the communication chip through the power supply interface. At the same time, a switching signal is generated through the power-on reset circuit in the first antenna path and transmitted to the communication chip through the power-on reset signal interface. When the execution unit switches to the target state, the external wireless hub generates a downlink control signal based on the target state sequence and sends it to the execution unit through the transmitting antenna. After the external wireless hub completes communication with all execution units, it broadcasts a synchronization signal. The clock extraction module in the first antenna path generates a unified clock signal based on the synchronization signal and inputs it to the communication chip through the clock interface. Under the drive of the unified external clock, the communication chip in each execution unit drives the diode to switch on and off according to the downlink control signal, so that the execution unit reaches the target state.

7. The self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method based on time-space control according to claim 6, characterized in that: The criteria for determining whether all execution units have completed communication are as follows: the detection module verifies the downlink control signal demodulated by the demodulation module, and sends the verification result to the external wireless hub through the second receiving antenna after verification; if the host computer detects an execution unit that has failed verification, it will repeatedly send the corresponding data frame to the execution unit until the execution unit has successfully verified; if all verification results received by the host computer show success, it means that all execution units have completed communication.

8. The self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method based on time-space conditioned control according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data frame includes a preamble, a synchronization word, an address field, a payload, and a cyclic redundancy check field connected in sequence. The preamble is used to ensure that the receiver can identify the start of the data frame. The synchronization word is used to locate the frame boundary. The address field is used to distinguish different execution units. The payload field carries control commands or parameter information. The cyclic redundancy check field is used to verify the integrity of the data frame during transmission.

9. The self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method based on time-space conditioned control according to claim 8, characterized in that: The verification method of the detection module is as follows: First, the detection module completes frame synchronization using the synchronization word in the data frame, and then performs integrity verification on the received data based on the cyclic redundancy check field. After the integrity verification passes, the address field is used for address matching to determine whether the data frame is for this execution unit. If the address match is successful, it means that the execution unit has successfully verified the data. If the integrity verification fails or the address match fails, it means that the execution unit has failed the verification.

10. The self-powered reconfigurable metasurface control method based on time-space control according to claim 6, characterized in that: The target state includes a stealth state and a communication state; after the execution unit reaches the stealth state, the external wireless hub outputs a downlink control signal without carrying any information to maintain power supply to the execution unit; after the execution unit reaches the communication state, the external wireless hub continuously outputs a downlink control signal carrying communication information to maintain communication of the execution unit.

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