Novel screen cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of novel screen cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation, in particular to a novel screen cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system which comprises a screen cabinet body, an air inlet window, a top exhaust pipeline, an air inlet valve and a control device. The interior of the screen cabinet body is divided into a screen cabinet front cabin and a screen cabinet rear cabin which are used for containing heating elements. And the air inlet window is arranged at the front part of the screen cabinet, and a multi-surface three-dimensional air inlet structure is adopted to increase the ventilation area. The air inlet valve is installed in the rear cabin of the screen cabinet and is in communication connection with the control device. The control device obtains temperature data through the data acquisition module, the processing module generates a control instruction according to a temperature threshold value, and the driving module adjusts the opening degree of the air inlet valve. When the temperature is too high, the air valve is closed, so that airflow is concentrated to pass through the air inlet window to reinforce heat dissipation; when the temperature is low, the air valve is opened to distribute airflow to the rear cabin of the screen cabinet to reduce the load of the filter. The system effectively solves the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency caused by limited air inlet area of the front part of the screen cabinet through multi-air-duct cooperative adjustment and intelligent air distribution, and improves the operation stability of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ventilation and heat dissipation technology for novel cabinets, and in particular to a novel ventilation and heat dissipation system for cabinets. Background Technology

[0002] A power control cabinet (also known as an electrical control cabinet or distribution cabinet) is the core control and protection unit for the operation of power systems and electrical equipment. It is widely used in industrial production, building power distribution, energy transmission, and transportation facilities. Its core function is to "distribute, control, protect, and monitor" power, ensuring the safe, stable, and efficient operation of the electrical system. A power control cabinet typically contains various components such as circuit breakers, busbars, switches, relays, contactors, PLC modules, push-button switches, and IGBTs. These components are mainly installed in the front compartment of the cabinet. Each component generates heat during operation and requires a suitable operating environment, including temperature, humidity, and dust control. Therefore, it is essential to dissipate the heat generated by these components promptly to prevent malfunctions. Power control cabinets are typically equipped with ventilation windows and fans for heat dissipation. Existing cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation technologies have the following technical pain points: The air intake area at the front of the cabinet is limited by the cabinet structure design, relying on only a single air intake surface, resulting in a small ventilation cross-sectional area; When the heat dissipation demand increases, such as in high-temperature environments in summer, the heat generated by electrical components such as circuit breakers or IGBT modules inside the cabinet increases, and the amount of cold air entering is insufficient to remove the heat in time, resulting in reduced heat dissipation efficiency, heat accumulation causing component overheating failures, and affecting the stable operation of the power distribution and control system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a novel ventilation and heat dissipation system for display cabinets, solving the technical problems of insufficient air intake, low heat dissipation efficiency, and overheating failure of electrical components when heat dissipation demand is high due to the limited air intake area at the front of the display cabinet.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the specific contents of the present invention are as follows: This invention provides a novel ventilation and heat dissipation system for power cabinets, comprising: The cabinet body is divided into a front compartment and a rear compartment to house the heat-generating electrical components. An air inlet window is located at the front of the cabinet body to introduce external cold air into the front compartment of the cabinet. A top exhaust duct is installed at the top of the cabinet body to exhaust hot air; An air inlet valve is installed on the shell of the rear compartment of the cabinet; The control device is communicatively connected to the air inlet valve; The control device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the temperature data of the front compartment of the cabinet; The processing module is configured to receive the temperature data, generate a first control command when the temperature data is higher than a first preset threshold, and generate a second control command when the temperature data is lower than a second preset threshold. The drive module is used to receive the first control command and control the air inlet valve to close, so that cold air is concentrated and enters the front compartment of the cabinet through the air inlet window; or to receive the second control command and control the air inlet valve to open, so that some cold air enters the rear compartment of the cabinet through the air inlet valve.

[0005] Furthermore, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the air inlet window includes multiple independent air inlet surfaces, which are spatially distributed in a three-dimensional manner. After the airflow enters from the multiple independent air inlet surfaces, it converges in the air inlet chamber of the front compartment of the cabinet to form an airflow that flows towards the heat-generating electrical components.

[0006] Furthermore, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the plurality of independent air inlet surfaces include a main air inlet surface located at the front of the cabinet body and an auxiliary air inlet surface located on the side. The auxiliary air inlet surface forms a set angle with the horizontal direction, and the guide plate provided on the inner side of the auxiliary air inlet surface guides the incoming airflow to the central area of ​​the front compartment of the cabinet.

[0007] Furthermore, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the data acquisition module further includes a differential pressure sensing unit, which is connected across the filter of the air inlet window to obtain differential pressure data. After receiving the differential pressure data, the processing module generates a second control command when it determines that the temperature data is lower than a second preset threshold and the differential pressure data is higher than a third preset threshold.

[0008] Furthermore, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the processing module is further configured to generate a third control command when the temperature data is higher than the second preset threshold but lower than the first preset threshold, and at the same time the pressure difference data is higher than the third preset threshold. After receiving the third control command, the drive module controls the air inlet valve to open to a preset intermediate opening degree, so that some cold air is diverted to the rear compartment of the cabinet.

[0009] Furthermore, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the air inlet valve is an electrically adjustable valve, whose valve plate rotation shaft is directly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor. The drive module controls the rotation angle of the valve plate by sending a pulse width modulation signal or an analog current signal to the drive motor, thereby adjusting the opening degree of the air valve.

[0010] Furthermore, the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention further includes an axial fan, which is installed at the outlet of the top exhaust duct; The drive module is electrically connected to the axial fan. While controlling the opening of the air inlet valve, it adjusts the speed of the axial fan accordingly based on the fan speed control parameters sent by the processing module.

[0011] Furthermore, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, when the processing module generates the first control command, it simultaneously generates high-speed control parameters and sends them to the drive module; when generating the second control command, it simultaneously generates low-speed control parameters and sends them to the drive module. The drive module adjusts the operating speed of the axial fan according to the received speed control parameters.

[0012] Furthermore, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the data acquisition module has multiple temperature sensors, which are distributed in the installation areas of different heat-generating elements in the front compartment of the cabinet. After receiving data from each temperature sensor, the processing module selects the highest temperature value as the basis for judgment and compares it with a preset threshold.

[0013] Furthermore, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the control device further includes a communication interface module. The communication interface module adopts RS-485 bus or CAN bus protocol and establishes a physical connection with the electric actuator of the air inlet valve 6 through a twisted pair cable for the transmission of control signals between the drive module and the air inlet valve 6.

[0014] The invention has beneficial effects; This invention effectively expands the ventilation cross-sectional area through the multi-faceted three-dimensional distribution design of the air inlet windows. Combined with the intelligent adjustment mechanism of the control device, when the data acquisition module detects that the temperature data of the front compartment of the cabinet exceeds the first preset threshold, the processing module generates a first control command to drive the module to close the air inlet valve, so that cold air is concentrated and enters the front compartment of the cabinet through the air inlet windows, maximizing the air intake volume to improve the heat dissipation efficiency under high heat load. When the temperature data is lower than the second preset threshold and the differential pressure sensing unit detects that the filter differential pressure data exceeds the standard, the system opens the air inlet valve to divert part of the airflow to the rear compartment of the cabinet, reducing the filter load and extending the maintenance cycle. At the same time, the axial fan synchronously adjusts the exhaust intensity based on the speed control parameters of the processing module to form a coordinated air control, thereby dynamically optimizing the airflow distribution within the limited structural space, solving the problem of insufficient heat dissipation caused by the limited air intake area at the front of the cabinet, and improving the system's operational stability and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a novel ventilation and heat dissipation system for a cabinet according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side view schematic diagram of the device structure of a novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to the present invention.

[0018] Attached diagrams: 1-Air inlet window; 2-Enclosure; 3-Top exhaust duct; 4-Front compartment of enclosure; 5-Rear compartment of enclosure; 6-Air inlet valve. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The present invention provided by various embodiments is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. To better understand the purpose of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 The present invention provides a novel ventilation and heat dissipation system for a cabinet, comprising: The cabinet body 2 has its internal space divided into a front compartment 4 and a rear compartment 5 for accommodating heat-generating electrical components. An air inlet window 1 is located at the front of the cabinet body 2 and is used to introduce external cold air into the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. The top exhaust duct 3 is located at the top of the cabinet body 2 and is used to exhaust hot air. An air inlet valve 6 is installed on the shell of the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet; The control device is communicatively connected to the air inlet valve 6; The control device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the temperature data of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet; The processing module is configured to receive the temperature data, generate a first control command when the temperature data is higher than a first preset threshold, and generate a second control command when the temperature data is lower than a second preset threshold. The drive module is used to receive the first control command and control the air inlet valve 6 to close, so that cold air is concentrated and enters the front compartment 4 of the cabinet through the air inlet window 1; or to receive the second control command and control the air inlet valve 6 to open, so that some cold air enters the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet through the air inlet valve 6.

[0021] The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system provided by this invention improves heat dissipation efficiency through optimized ventilation duct design. The core components of the system include the cabinet body 2, air inlet vent 1, top exhaust duct 3, air inlet valve 6, and control device. The internal space of the cabinet body 2 is divided into a front compartment 4 and a rear compartment 5. The front compartment 4 is specifically designed to house heat-generating electrical components such as circuit breakers or IGBT modules, while the rear compartment 5 serves as an auxiliary air duct area. This division facilitates directional airflow. The air inlet vent 1 is installed at the front of the cabinet body 2 and adopts a multi-faceted air intake structure, including a main air intake surface and side auxiliary air intake surfaces. Multiple independent air intake surfaces are spatially distributed in a three-dimensional manner. After entering from different directions, the airflow converges in the air intake chamber of the front compartment 4, forming a concentrated cooling airflow directed towards the heat-generating components, thereby increasing the ventilation cross-sectional area. A guide plate is provided on the inner side of the auxiliary air intake surface to guide the airflow to the central area of ​​the front compartment 4, preventing airflow dispersion. The top exhaust duct 3 is located at the top of the cabinet body 2 and is responsible for exhausting the hot air after heat exchange to the outside of the system, completing the heat dissipation cycle. The air inlet valve 6 is located on the shell of the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet and serves as an adjustable air duct component to control the flow of cold air.

[0022] The control device is communicatively connected to the air inlet valve 6 to achieve intelligent adjustment. It comprises a data acquisition module, a processing module, and a drive module. The data acquisition module is responsible for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. For example, it acquires temperature data from different heating element installation areas using distributed temperature sensors and integrates a differential pressure sensing unit connected across the filter of the air inlet window 1 to monitor differential pressure data. After receiving the temperature and differential pressure data, the processing module performs logical judgments based on preset thresholds. When the temperature data is higher than the first preset threshold, a first control command is generated; when the temperature data is lower than the second preset threshold, a second control command is generated; if the temperature data is between the first and second preset thresholds and the differential pressure data is higher than the third preset threshold, a third control command is generated for intermediate state adjustment. Upon receiving the commands, the drive module controls the air inlet valve 6 to operate. For example, it adjusts the opening of the electric valve using a pulse width modulation signal or an analog current signal. The valve plate rotation shaft of the air inlet valve 6 is directly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, achieving precise angle control.

[0023] During system operation, cool air primarily enters the front compartment 4 of the cabinet through the air inlet vent 1, exchanging heat with the heat-generating components. In scenarios with high heat dissipation requirements, such as high-temperature environments in summer, when the processing module detects that the temperature in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet has risen above a first preset threshold, the drive module closes the air inlet valve 6, allowing cool air to concentrate and enter through the multi-faceted structure of the air inlet vent 1, maximizing airflow to improve heat dissipation efficiency. In scenarios with low heat dissipation requirements, such as autumn and winter, when the processing module detects that the temperature is below a second preset threshold and the differential pressure data indicates a tendency for filter blockage, the drive module opens the air inlet valve 6, diverting some cool air to the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet, reducing the airflow through the filter in the air inlet vent 1, and extending the filter's lifespan. An axial fan can be installed at the outlet of the top exhaust duct 3. The drive module synchronously adjusts the fan speed according to the speed control parameters of the processing module; for example, a high speed corresponds to high heat dissipation requirements, and a low speed corresponds to low heat dissipation requirements, forming a coordinated airflow control. This invention's system solves the problem of insufficient airflow caused by the limited air intake area at the front of the cabinet through dynamic adjustment of multiple air ducts, while also reducing maintenance frequency.

[0024] Specifically, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the air inlet window 1 includes multiple independent air inlet surfaces, which are distributed three-dimensionally in space. After the airflow enters from the multiple independent air inlet surfaces, it converges in the air inlet chamber of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet to form an airflow that flows towards the heat-generating electrical components.

[0025] The air intake window 1 employs a multi-intake surface design, with each surface arranged three-dimensionally in space. Specifically, it includes a main air intake surface located at the front of the cabinet 2 and auxiliary air intake surfaces located on the sides. The main air intake surface is responsible for introducing cool air from the front, while the auxiliary air intake surface maintains a set angle with the horizontal direction, allowing airflow to supplement from the sides, thereby expanding the ventilation cross-sectional area within the limited cabinet structure. This multi-faceted layout avoids the limitations of a single air intake surface, especially in scenarios with high heat dissipation requirements such as high temperatures in summer, as it can increase the total air intake volume by increasing the air intake path.

[0026] After entering from the main air inlet and the auxiliary air inlet, the airflow converges in the air inlet chamber of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. Due to the three-dimensional distribution of the air inlets, the airflow flows into the chamber from different directions, reducing local eddy phenomena and helping to form a stable and uniform airflow field. During the convergence process, the guide vanes installed on the inner side of the auxiliary air inlet play a key role, guiding the sideways airflow to the central area of ​​the front compartment 4 of the cabinet, so that the airflow is concentrated towards the installation position of the heat-generating electrical components.

[0027] The converged airflow directly targets the heat-generating electrical components, such as circuit breakers or IGBT modules, within the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. The guide vane's design ensures that cool air preferentially contacts areas with high heat density, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. In practical applications, when the internal temperature of cabinet 2 rises, the coordinated operation of multiple air intake surfaces can quickly reduce the temperature of hot spots. However, the three-dimensional distribution is limited by the internal space of the cabinet, requiring optimization of the air intake surface angles to avoid airflow interference.

[0028] The airflow path of this invention enters from multiple air inlets, converges, and is then guided to the heating element, demonstrating the logical coherence of the air duct design. The three-dimensional distribution not only increases the air intake volume but also reduces energy loss through airflow convergence, while the guide plate ensures precise airflow guidance. This solution balances heat dissipation efficiency and structural feasibility in the space-constrained cabinet structure, making it suitable for scenarios requiring stable thermal management, such as power distribution systems.

[0029] Specifically, the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention includes a main air intake surface located at the front of the cabinet body 2 and an auxiliary air intake surface located on the side. The auxiliary air intake surface forms a set angle with the horizontal direction, and the guide plate provided on the inner side of the auxiliary air intake surface guides the incoming airflow to the central area of ​​the front compartment 4 of the cabinet.

[0030] In the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system, multiple independent air inlet surfaces constitute a key part of the air inlet window 1. The main air inlet surface is located in the front area of ​​the cabinet 2, employing a large-area mesh structure to directly meet the external airflow. As the primary cold air inlet, the main air inlet surface is designed with a focus on maximizing the ventilation cross-sectional area. Airflow resistance is reduced by optimizing the frame thickness and opening ratio, enabling the efficient introduction of a large amount of cold air under high-temperature conditions. This layout fully utilizes the available space at the front of the cabinet 2, ensuring direct cooling of the cabinet's front compartment 4, where heat-generating electrical components are densely packed.

[0031] The auxiliary air intake surface is located on the side of cabinet 2, forming a predetermined angle with the horizontal direction. This angle range is usually selected based on the internal spatial structure and airflow dynamics principles of cabinet 2. For example, the angle is set at around 45 degrees to balance air intake efficiency and structural constraints. A deflector is fixedly installed on the inner side of the auxiliary air intake surface. The deflector adopts an arc or bevel design and is made of aluminum alloy or engineering plastic. Its installation angle is coordinated with the auxiliary air intake surface. When airflow enters from the auxiliary air intake surface, the deflector changes the airflow direction, gradually deflecting the originally laterally flowing air to the center area of ​​the front compartment 4 of the cabinet, preventing the airflow from forming vortices in the corners.

[0032] The airflow paths of the main air intake and the auxiliary air intake converge in the air intake chamber of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. The converging process is guided by the shape of the chamber, for example, the chamber is designed with a tapering structure to accelerate the airflow. The deflector plate allows the airflow entering from the auxiliary air intake to synergistically superimpose with the airflow from the main air intake, forming a concentrated cooling airflow directed towards the heat-generating elements. This three-dimensional air intake method, under the limited internal space of the cabinet 2, increases the effective ventilation area through multi-directional air intake. Logically, it first disperses the air intake and then concentrates the guidance, solving the problem of localized overheating caused by a single air intake.

[0033] In practical applications, such as the high-temperature environment of an industrial power distribution room in summer, the circuit breakers or IGBT modules in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet generate increased heat. Both the main and auxiliary air intake surfaces operate simultaneously, with the air deflector ensuring precise airflow coverage of the component hotspots. During operation, the angle of the auxiliary air intake surface needs to be adjusted according to the installation orientation of the cabinet 2 to adapt to the site layout. Simultaneously, the curvature of the air deflector needs to be fine-tuned for different component distributions. The multi-faceted air intake design is not universally applicable; in dusty environments, it needs to be used in conjunction with a filter. However, the air deflector reduces dead air zones and improves heat dissipation uniformity.

[0034] Specifically, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the data acquisition module further includes a differential pressure sensing unit, which is connected across the filter of the air inlet window 1 to obtain differential pressure data. After receiving the differential pressure data, the processing module generates a second control command when it determines that the temperature data is lower than a second preset threshold and the differential pressure data is higher than a third preset threshold.

[0035] The differential pressure sensing unit integrated into the data acquisition module uses a differential pressure sensor. This sensor is installed across the filter of the air inlet window 1, and is connected to the inlet and outlet of the filter via pressure guide pipes to monitor the pressure loss generated when airflow passes through the filter in real time. The differential pressure data directly reflects the filter's clogging status. When dust accumulation increases airflow resistance, the pressure difference across the filter increases, and the differential pressure sensing unit transmits analog or digital signals to the processing module.

[0036] After receiving differential pressure and temperature data, the processing module executes a logical judgment program through its built-in microprocessor. Temperature data is collected by multiple temperature sensors distributed throughout the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. The processing module continuously compares the temperature value with a second preset threshold, and simultaneously compares the differential pressure value with a third preset threshold. When the temperature data is below the second preset threshold, it indicates that the heat dissipation demand of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet is low, such as during seasons with lower ambient temperatures. If the differential pressure data is above the third preset threshold, it indicates that the filter of the air inlet vent 1 is in a high-resistance state, posing a risk of blockage. Based on the logical conditions, the processing module generates a second control command, which aims to optimize airflow distribution rather than force heat dissipation.

[0037] The second control command acts on the inlet air valve 6 via the drive module. The drive module converts the command into an electrical signal, controlling the electric actuator of the inlet air valve 6 to open the valve plate, diverting some of the cold air to the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet. This adjustment of the airflow path reduces the amount of air passing through the filter in the inlet air window 1, thereby reducing the rate at which dust adheres to the filter surface. In scenarios with low heat dissipation requirements, such as when the circuit breakers or IGBT modules inside the cabinet generate relatively little heat, this operation delays the filter replacement cycle and reduces maintenance frequency.

[0038] In practical applications of ventilation and heat dissipation systems, the collaborative operation of the differential pressure sensing unit and the temperature sensor embodies an adaptive control strategy. During development, sensor accuracy and environmental interference factors must be considered. For example, the differential pressure sensing unit is affected by airflow fluctuations, requiring data stabilization through filtering algorithms. The threshold settings for the processing module must be determined experimentally based on typical operating conditions of cabinet 2 to avoid false triggering. The opening angle of the air inlet valve 6 and the differential pressure data can form a closed-loop regulation, but the system design must retain conditional constraints. For instance, when the temperature in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet suddenly rises, the processing module should prioritize responding to the temperature signal to ensure heat dissipation efficiency.

[0039] The logical consistency of the multi-airflow design lies in dynamically balancing heat dissipation needs and equipment maintenance. By indirectly managing filter status through differential pressure monitoring, the cooling effect of the four core components in the front compartment of the cabinet is ensured while improving system economy. This solution is suitable for power distribution scenarios, where cabinet 2 operates in a variable environment for extended periods, requiring a balance between stability and cost control.

[0040] Specifically, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the processing module is further configured to generate a third control command when the temperature data is higher than the second preset threshold but lower than the first preset threshold, and at the same time the pressure difference data is higher than the third preset threshold. After receiving the third control command, the drive module controls the air inlet valve 6 to open to a preset intermediate opening degree, so that some cold air is diverted to the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet.

[0041] In the configuration of the processing module, when the temperature data is higher than the second preset threshold but lower than the first preset threshold, and the differential pressure data is higher than the third preset threshold, the step of generating the third control command needs further refinement of the lower-level technical solution. The data acquisition module monitors the temperature changes in the area of ​​the heat-generating electrical components in real time through multiple temperature sensors distributed throughout the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. Simultaneously, the differential pressure sensing unit is connected across the filter of the air inlet vent 1 to detect the pressure loss as airflow passes through. This data acquisition method can comprehensively reflect the heat load status and filter clogging degree of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet, providing accurate input signals to the processing module.

[0042] After receiving temperature and differential pressure data, the processing module uses its built-in microprocessor to execute a comparison algorithm, logically comparing the real-time data with preset thresholds. The second preset threshold typically corresponds to scenarios with lower heat dissipation requirements, such as seasons with moderate ambient temperatures, while the first preset threshold is associated with high heat dissipation requirements, such as high temperatures in summer. The third preset threshold is based on the maximum allowable differential pressure of the filter and is used to indicate the risk of dust accumulation. When the temperature data is within the intermediate range and the differential pressure exceeds the limit, the processing module determines that a balance needs to be struck between heat dissipation efficiency and filter maintenance, thereby triggering the generation of a third control command.

[0043] After receiving the third control command, the drive module sends an adjustment signal to the electric actuator of the air inlet valve 6 through the communication interface module. The air inlet valve 6 adopts an electric regulating valve design, with the valve plate rotation shaft directly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor. The drive module precisely controls the rotation angle of the valve plate through pulse width modulation signals or analog current signals, opening it to a preset intermediate opening degree. This opening degree has been experimentally calibrated and can maintain the basic cooling requirements of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet while guiding some cold air to the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet.

[0044] After airflow diversion, the cool air entering the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet from the inlet air valve 6 forms an auxiliary air duct, working in conjunction with the main air duct in the front compartment 4. In practical applications, such as during spring and autumn when the heat generated by the IGBT modules inside the cabinet is moderate but the filters accumulate dust due to long-term operation, this diversion design reduces the airflow through the filter inlet window 1, thereby reducing the dust adhesion rate on the filter surface. At the same time, the front compartment 4 of the cabinet still retains sufficient cooling airflow to prevent components from overheating. However, the diversion operation introduces the risk of uneven airflow distribution, which needs to be optimized by using a guide plate.

[0045] The instruction generation of the processing module and the execution of the drive module form a closed-loop control, with the logical relationship reflected in the continuity of data acquisition, threshold comparison, instruction generation, and damper adjustment. This invention's solution dynamically adjusts the air duct allocation, balancing heat dissipation and equipment maintenance under moderate heat dissipation requirements. However, implementation must consider the impact of temperature sensor accuracy and pressure difference fluctuations, and a filtering algorithm is used to improve judgment reliability. This design is suitable for the long-term operation of cabinet 2 in the power distribution system, improving system economy and stability.

[0046] Specifically, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the air inlet valve 6 is an electrically adjustable valve, whose valve plate rotation shaft is directly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor. The drive module controls the rotation angle of the valve plate by sending a pulse width modulation signal or an analog current signal to the drive motor, thereby adjusting the opening of the air valve.

[0047] The air inlet valve 6 adopts an electrically adjustable valve design. Its core components include a valve plate and a drive motor. The valve plate's rotating shaft and the drive motor's output shaft are directly connected via a rigid coupling. This direct-connection structure eliminates the clearance error of intermediate transmission links, making the valve plate's angle adjustment response more direct. In the cabinet's ventilation and heat dissipation system, the rotational motion of the drive motor's output shaft is directly transmitted to the valve plate's rotating shaft, reducing energy loss. However, the direct-connection method requires a high degree of concentricity between the motor shaft and the valve plate shaft, and alignment must be performed during installation to avoid vibration.

[0048] The drive module controls the motor's operation using either pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals or analog current signals. PWM signals simulate different voltage levels by varying the duty cycle at a fixed frequency, thereby adjusting the motor speed. Analog current signals use a 4-20mA standard current loop to linearly convert control commands into motor torque. The drive module integrates signal generation circuitry, such as a microcontroller-based digital output or a digital-to-analog converter, to convert the processing module's commands into electrical signals. In practical applications, PWM signals are suitable for low-cost scenarios, while analog current signals offer stronger anti-interference capabilities and are suitable for long-distance transmission; however, the signal type selection must be considered in conjunction with the electromagnetic environment of the enclosure.

[0049] The control of the valve plate rotation angle relies on the precise action of the drive motor after receiving the signal. The drive motor is typically a stepper motor or a servo motor. Stepper motors achieve open-loop angle positioning through pulse counting, while servo motors achieve closed-loop control through encoder feedback. The pulse width modulation signal or analog current signal sent by the drive module is amplified by the motor driver, causing the motor output shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the valve plate rotation shaft synchronously. The valve plate angle, from fully closed to fully open, corresponds to a specific rotation range of the motor shaft, such as 0-90 degrees. The angle adjustment accuracy is affected by the motor step angle or resolution. In cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation applications, it is necessary to ensure that the valve plate opening matches the airflow demand. However, motor overheating or sudden load changes can cause angle drift, requiring limit protection to be set in the software.

[0050] The opening of the damper is adjusted by changing the angle of the valve plate to change the airflow cross-section. When the valve plate rotation angle increases, the flow area of ​​the inlet damper 6 increases, allowing more cold air to flow into the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet; when the angle decreases, the flow area shrinks, and the airflow is concentrated through the inlet vent 1. The opening adjustment and the temperature feedback of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet form a closed loop. For example, the damper is closed when there is high heat dissipation demand and opened when there is low demand. This dynamic adjustment balances heat dissipation efficiency and filter maintenance, but the shape of the valve plate and the airflow characteristics cause a nonlinear flow response. The opening-flow curve needs to be calibrated by wind tunnel testing during the design.

[0051] Specifically, the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention further includes an axial fan, which is installed at the outlet of the top exhaust duct 3; The drive module is electrically connected to the axial fan. While controlling the opening of the air inlet valve 6, it adjusts the speed of the axial fan accordingly based on the fan speed control parameters sent by the processing module.

[0052] The axial fan, as the core component of the forced ventilation system, is fixedly installed at the outlet of the top exhaust duct 3. It forms a sealed structure with the duct via flange connection or bolt fastening to prevent airflow leakage. The axial fan is driven by a DC brushless motor, and the blades are designed with an airfoil profile to reduce operating noise. The fan housing is made of aluminum alloy, balancing lightweight design with heat dissipation requirements. In the cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system, the axial fan enhances the efficiency of hot air exhaust. When heat-generating electrical components such as IGBT modules in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet generate a large amount of heat, the fan operates to create negative pressure, guiding the hot air upwards along the top exhaust duct 3 and out of the cabinet, completing the heat dissipation cycle. The fan's installation position has been optimized through fluid simulation; being located at the duct outlet reduces airflow resistance. However, in practical applications, the interference of external wind pressure on the exhaust effect must be considered. For example, when installed outdoors, a rain cover should be installed to avoid the impact of backwinds.

[0053] The drive module and the axial fan are electrically connected via a cable, specifically a four-core shielded cable for transmitting power and signals. Two cores provide DC power, and the other two cores receive pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals. The drive module integrates motor drive circuitry, such as a MOSFET-based H-bridge topology, capable of outputting variable voltage or frequency to adjust the fan speed. After receiving fan speed control parameters from the processing module, the drive module converts the digital parameters into analog signals or directly outputs a PWM waveform. By changing the duty cycle or voltage amplitude, it precisely controls the input power of the axial fan motor, thereby achieving stepless speed regulation. The connection interface uses a waterproof aviation connector to improve reliability in industrial environments; however, signal attenuation issues must be considered for long-distance transmission, which can be compensated for by adding a signal repeater module.

[0054] The logic for generating fan speed control parameters in the processing module is based on dynamic calculations using temperature data from the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. Distributed temperature sensors in the data acquisition module monitor the temperature of the heat-generating element area in real time. The processing module periodically reads the values ​​from each sensor and selects the highest temperature as the judgment benchmark. When the highest temperature exceeds a first preset threshold, the processing module synchronously generates high-speed control parameters and sends them to the drive module, corresponding to the axial fan operating at its rated maximum speed. When the temperature is below a second preset threshold, low-speed control parameters are generated, corresponding to the fan maintaining its lowest speed to save energy. The parameter generation algorithm uses proportional-integral regulation to avoid frequent switching, but the temperature sampling period needs to be set reasonably according to thermal inertia to prevent speed oscillation. In practical applications, such as high-temperature conditions in summer, high-speed parameters can quickly reduce heat accumulation inside the cabinet, while low-speed parameters in autumn and winter can reduce energy consumption, but a balance must be struck between noise and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0055] The axial fan speed regulation and the opening control of the inlet valve 6 form a coordinated airflow management system. When executing instructions from the processing module, the drive module synchronously coordinates the electric actuator of the inlet valve 6 and the drive circuit of the axial fan. For example, when the inlet valve 6 is closed to concentrate airflow into the front compartment, the axial fan receives high speed parameters to enhance exhaust capacity; when the inlet valve 6 is opened to divert airflow to the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet, the fan speed decreases according to demand. This linkage logic is implemented through hardware interlocks or software timing to ensure that airflow distribution and exhaust efficiency are matched. During R&D testing, it was found that sudden changes in fan speed caused airflow pulsation. Therefore, a soft-start algorithm was added to the drive module to gradually adjust the speed to avoid impact. However, system performance is limited by the internal space layout of the cabinet. If the heat-generating components are unevenly distributed, an additional guide plate is needed to optimize the airflow path to fully utilize the heat dissipation potential of the axial fan.

[0056] Specifically, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, when the processing module generates the first control command, it simultaneously generates high-speed control parameters and sends them to the drive module; when the second control command is generated, it simultaneously generates low-speed control parameters and sends them to the drive module. The drive module adjusts the operating speed of the axial fan according to the received speed control parameters.

[0057] When generating the first control command, the processing module simultaneously generates high-speed control parameters and sends them to the drive module; when generating the second control command, it simultaneously generates low-speed control parameters and sends them to the drive module. This synchronous operation is based on real-time monitoring of the temperature data in the front compartment of the cabinet. When the temperature data exceeds a first preset threshold, the processing module determines that the front compartment of the cabinet is in a state of high heat dissipation demand, such as when the heat generated by the circuit breaker or IGBT module increases dramatically in high-temperature environments during summer, requiring maximum heat dissipation efficiency. The high-speed control parameters correspond to the high-speed operation mode of the axial fan, aiming to increase the airflow exhaust speed of the top exhaust duct and accelerate hot air exchange. After comparing the temperature signal with the preset threshold through an internal algorithm, the processing module immediately triggers the parameter generation logic to ensure that the speed command and the air valve control command are output in tandem, avoiding heat accumulation caused by command delays.

[0058] After receiving the speed control parameters from the processing module, the drive module converts them into electrical signals to adjust the operating speed of the axial fan. The drive module is electrically connected to the axial fan, for example, using pulse width modulation signals or analog current signals to drive the axial fan motor. High speed control parameters cause the drive module to output high duty cycle pulses or high current signals, driving the motor to rotate faster, thereby increasing the impeller speed of the axial fan and enhancing its exhaust capacity. Low speed control parameters correspond to low-level signals, reducing the motor speed to decrease airflow output. This adjustment method relies on the response characteristics of the motor drive circuit, but in practical applications, the speed lag caused by motor inertia must be considered, and software compensation must be used to ensure that the speed matches the heat dissipation requirements.

[0059] The axial fan is installed at the outlet of the top exhaust duct, and its rotational speed directly affects the airflow dynamics inside the cabinet. When the drive module adjusts the axial fan to a high speed, the fan impeller rotates faster, creating a negative pressure zone in the top exhaust duct. This draws in hot air from the front compartment of the cabinet and quickly exhausts it, while simultaneously improving the efficiency of cold air intake through the air inlet vents. In low-speed mode, the fan maintains basic ventilation, suitable for situations where the temperature in the front compartment of the cabinet is low and the air inlet valve is open. The axial fan speed control needs to be linked to the air inlet valve opening. For example, high speed is often accompanied by the air inlet valve closing, causing airflow to concentrate through the air inlet vents. However, if there is airflow interference inside the cabinet, excessively high fan speed can cause localized vortices, requiring the use of guide vanes to optimize the airflow direction.

[0060] In practical applications, such as converter cabinet projects in industrial power distribution rooms, the speed control strategy of the processing module adapts to seasonal environmental changes. During the high temperatures of summer, when the temperature sensor in the front compartment of the cabinet detects a value exceeding a first preset threshold, the processing module simultaneously generates a first control command and high-speed control parameters. The drive module closes the air intake valve and increases the axial fan speed, forcing cool air to enter from the multi-faceted structure of the air intake window, specifically cooling the heat-generating components. In the low temperatures of autumn and winter, when the temperature data is below a second preset threshold, the processing module triggers a second control command and low-speed parameters. The drive module opens the air intake valve and reduces the fan speed, reducing the load on the air intake window filter and extending the maintenance cycle. This dynamic adjustment balances heat dissipation efficiency and equipment lifespan, but it relies on the accuracy of the temperature sensor placement. Uneven sensor distribution can lead to misinterpretations of speed commands.

[0061] The generation and execution of speed control parameters form a closed-loop logic. The processing module determines the fan operating mode by comparing temperature data with a threshold, and the drive module converts the parameters into physical actions. The axial fan responds to changes in speed to complete the heat dissipation cycle. This invention achieves on-demand allocation of heat dissipation resources through the connection between electrical signals and mechanical execution. However, the motor lifespan and dust accumulation of the axial fan affect long-term stability, requiring periodic calibration of the speed control parameters.

[0062] Specifically, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the data acquisition module has multiple temperature sensors, which are distributed in the installation areas of different heat-generating elements in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. After receiving data from each temperature sensor, the processing module selects the highest temperature value as the basis for judgment and compares it with a preset threshold.

[0063] In the new cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system, the temperature sensors of the data acquisition module adopt a multiple distributed arrangement. Each temperature sensor is specifically installed near different heat-generating electrical components within the front compartment 4 of the cabinet, such as the installation area of ​​circuit breakers or IGBT modules. This arrangement is based on the uneven distribution of heat load inside the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. Due to differences in power and spatial location, the heat-generating components experience localized temperature increases. The distributed sensors can cover key hot spots and avoid monitoring blind spots. The temperature sensors are connected to the data acquisition module via wired or wireless means to collect temperature signals from various points in real time. The data acquisition module integrates signal conditioning circuitry to filter and amplify the raw signals, reducing the impact of environmental interference.

[0064] The processing module periodically receives data from each temperature sensor from the data acquisition module and uses a scanning algorithm to iterate through all sensor readings. Due to the dynamic operating state of the heating elements in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet, the temperature values ​​fluctuate over time. The processing module has built-in comparison logic to select the highest temperature value from multiple readings as the judgment benchmark. The strategy of selecting the highest temperature value focuses on system safety. When the temperature in any area of ​​the front compartment 4 of the cabinet rises abnormally, the processing module can prioritize responding to the heat dissipation needs of the hottest spot to prevent component overheating failure. This processing method is combined with preset threshold comparisons. For example, the first preset threshold corresponds to high heat dissipation demand scenarios, and the second preset threshold corresponds to low heat dissipation demand scenarios, forming a hierarchical control logic.

[0065] In practical applications, such as in industrial power distribution room converter cabinet projects, the heat generated by the circuit breaker in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet increases dramatically under high summer temperatures. Distributed temperature sensors detect a rapid temperature rise at a certain point, and the processing module selects this highest value and compares it with a first preset threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, the processing module generates a first control command, which drives the drive module to close the air inlet valve 6, allowing cold air to concentrate and enter the front compartment 4 of the cabinet through the multi-faceted structure of the air inlet window 1, specifically cooling the heat-generating components. The distributed temperature sensors need to be optimized in their installation location to avoid proximity to airflow dead zones or external environmental influences. Furthermore, the response time and accuracy of the sensors themselves introduce errors, which need to be compensated for during the system calibration phase to improve the reliability of the judgment.

[0066] The data processing logic of the processing module also includes an outlier removal mechanism, such as filtering instantaneous interference signals through a sliding window algorithm to ensure the representativeness of the highest temperature value. Data between temperature sensors is transmitted via bus protocols, such as RS-485 or CAN bus, reducing wiring complexity. After selecting the highest temperature value as the judgment criterion, the processing module dynamically matches the result with a preset threshold. The threshold setting is determined based on typical operating conditions of cabinet 2 to avoid overly sensitive or sluggish responses. This invention improves the adaptive capability of the heat dissipation system through closed-loop linkage between temperature monitoring and air duct control. However, implementation requires balancing the number of sensors with cost and rationally planning installation points within the space-constrained front compartment 4 of the cabinet.

[0067] Specifically, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the control device further includes a communication interface module. The communication interface module adopts RS-485 bus or CAN bus protocol and establishes a physical connection with the electric actuator of the air inlet valve 6 through a twisted pair cable for the transmission of control signals between the drive module and the air inlet valve 6.

[0068] The integrated communication interface module of the control device uses a standard industrial bus protocol to achieve reliable signal transmission between the drive module and the air inlet valve 6. The hardware design of the communication interface module includes a protocol conversion chip and an electrical isolation circuit. Its physical layer connects to the electric actuator of the air inlet valve 6 via a twisted-pair cable. Shielded twisted-pair cables are used, with the cable shield connected to the cabinet grounding terminal to reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on the control signal. The protocol conversion chip converts the logic level signal output from the drive module into a differential signal conforming to RS-485 or CAN bus standards for long-distance transmission via the twisted-pair cable. The electrical isolation circuit uses optocouplers or magnetic couplings to isolate the ground potential difference between the control device and the actuator, preventing circulating current from damaging the components.

[0069] During signal transmission, the communication interface module follows a master-slave communication architecture. The drive module, acting as the master, periodically sends control command frames to the electric actuator of the air inlet valve 6. Each command frame includes a target address field, a valve opening value field, and a verification field. The electric actuator of the air inlet valve 6, acting as the slave, uses its built-in microprocessor to parse the received command frames. Upon successful verification, it executes the valve angle adjustment action. The RS-485 bus uses a half-duplex communication mode, controlling the data transmission direction via an enable signal. The CAN bus supports multi-master broadcast communication, suitable for complex wiring scenarios. Twisted-pair cable terminals use screw crimping, and the wire sequence configuration follows the A / B wire polarity requirements to prevent communication failure due to reversed signal connections.

[0070] The protocol selection for the communication interface module is determined based on the on-site operating conditions. The RS-485 bus is suitable for scenarios with a small number of nodes and a transmission distance of less than 1200 meters. Its hardware cost is relatively low; however, 120-ohm terminating resistors must be installed at both ends of the bus to match its characteristic impedance during wiring. The CAN bus is suitable for multi-node collaborative control scenarios and features a priority arbitration mechanism, which can avoid bus conflicts when multiple control devices need to coordinate the adjustment of the air inlet valve 6. The communication rate of the communication interface module is adjustable from 9.6kbps to 115.2kbps. In practical applications, the rate needs to be adjusted according to the cable length; for long-distance transmission, the rate should be reduced to improve anti-interference capabilities.

[0071] The reliability of control signal transmission is ensured through multiple mechanisms. The communication interface module adds a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) code to the data link layer. The electric actuator verifies the received data; if the verification fails, it requests a retransmission. The drive module has a timeout retransmission mechanism; if no response frame is received after sending a command, the command is automatically retransmitted after 50 milliseconds. The electric actuator of the air inlet valve 6 provides feedback on the actual position signal of the valve plate, and the communication interface module transmits the feedback signal back to the drive module, forming a closed-loop control. In high-interference environments such as industrial power distribution rooms, twisted-pair cabling must be kept away from power cables. If parallel cabling is used, a spacing of at least 300 mm should be maintained; if necessary, it should be laid in metal conduit.

[0072] The fault diagnosis function of the communication interface module improves system maintainability. The module monitors the bus voltage status and sends a fault code to the processing module when a short circuit or open circuit is detected. Maintenance personnel can read historical communication error records through the debugging interface of the communication interface module to locate the fault point. In practical applications, if the air inlet valve 6 has a delayed response, the fault can be eliminated by reducing the communication rate or checking for loose wiring terminals. The power supply design of the communication interface module uses an independent DC 24V power supply, isolated from the digital circuit power supply, to avoid power supply noise coupling to the signal lines.

[0073] The communication interface module and the internal layout of cabinet 2 need to be designed in a coordinated manner. Twisted-pair cables are led out from the control device and laid along the cable trays of cabinet 2 to the installation position of the air inlet valve 6 in the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet. A 200mm slack is reserved in the cable to prevent cable pulling when the cabinet door is opened and closed. The junction box of the electric actuator for the air inlet valve 6 has an IP54 protection rating to prevent dust from affecting contact reliability. In the implementation of the converter cabinet project, the communication interface module adopts a daisy-chain topology, with multiple air inlet valves 6 connected in series to reduce cable usage. When adding more actuators, the bus load rate needs to be checked; if it exceeds 70%, a repeater needs to be added or a CAN bus needs to be used.

[0074] Specifically, in the novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system of the present invention, the intelligent decision-making module is configured to perform the following data processing steps: The control device also includes an intelligent decision-making module, configured to: receive temperature and differential pressure data in real time from the data acquisition module; the temperature data is collected by multiple temperature sensors distributed in different heating element installation areas within the front compartment of the cabinet; and the differential pressure data is acquired by a differential pressure sensing unit connected across the air intake filter. Based on the received temperature and differential pressure data, a multi-step prediction model is established using a model predictive control algorithm. The model predictive control algorithm uses historical temperature sequences and real-time differential pressure data fluctuations to predict the trend of heat load changes in the front compartment of the cabinet, and outputs threshold optimization parameters to the processing module to dynamically adjust the first and second preset thresholds. Simultaneously, a reinforcement learning algorithm is used to explore the heat dissipation efficiency of the combination of air intake valve opening and axial fan speed through a Q-learning strategy. The reinforcement learning algorithm evaluates heat dissipation efficiency and energy consumption balance based on a reward function to generate an adaptive control strategy, and outputs optimized valve opening and fan speed commands to the drive module. The intelligent decision-making module uses the prediction results of the model predictive control algorithm to... The system uses a reinforcement learning algorithm to evaluate and calculate a risk index. The data acquisition module dynamically adjusts the temperature sensor's sampling frequency based on the risk index, switching to a high-frequency sampling mode when the risk index exceeds a preset threshold. The drive module, along with the air inlet valve and axial fan, constructs a state feedback network to collect valve rotation angle and fan motor current data. This data is then denoised using a Kalman filter to generate an actuator health index, which is fed back to the intelligent decision-making module. The intelligent decision-making module corrects control parameters based on this health index. The system embeds a computational fluid dynamics simulation engine to simulate the three-dimensional flow field distribution in the front compartment of the cabinet using the finite volume method. The simulation accuracy is verified using particle image velocimetry. When the local eddy current intensity exceeds a safety threshold, the intelligent decision-making module adjusts the deflection angle of the air inlet window guide plate and the opening of the air inlet valve to coordinate the control of the eddy current. The intelligent decision-making module connects to an external meteorological data interface to integrate environmental temperature and humidity forecast data for the next 6 hours, activating a preventative cooling mode in advance. This allows the processing module, drive module, and data acquisition module to exchange signals via a data bus for coordinated operation.

[0075] When the intelligent decision-making module executes the data processing steps, it first receives temperature and differential pressure data from the data acquisition module. Temperature data is collected by multiple temperature sensors distributed across different heating element installation areas within the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. Each sensor is a platinum resistance temperature sensor or a digital temperature sensor, installed on or near the surface of heating elements such as circuit breakers and IGBT modules. Differential pressure data is obtained through differential pressure sensing units connected across the filter of the air inlet vent 1. These units are micro differential pressure sensors connected to the inlet and outlet pressure measurement points of the filter. The data acquisition module conditions the raw signal, including signal amplification, filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion, and then transmits the digital signal to the intelligent decision-making module.

[0076] The intelligent decision-making module employs a model predictive control algorithm to establish a multi-step prediction model. This algorithm uses historical temperature sequences and real-time differential pressure fluctuation data as input, and predicts the heat load change trend within the front compartment 4 of the cabinet in future time windows through a rolling optimization strategy. The model predictive control algorithm includes state-space equations, using temperature and differential pressure data as state variables, and considering the internal thermal inertia and airflow dynamics of cabinet 2. The algorithm outputs threshold optimization parameters to the processing module. These parameters are used to dynamically adjust the first and second preset thresholds, enabling the thresholds to adapt to environmental conditions. For example, during periods of high summer temperatures, the algorithm will appropriately lower the first preset threshold, triggering a high-heat dissipation mode earlier.

[0077] Simultaneously running reinforcement learning algorithms employ Q-learning strategies to explore the impact of different combinations of inlet valve 6 opening and axial fan speed on heat dissipation efficiency. The algorithm constructs a state-action value function table, using temperature distribution, pressure difference, and equipment operating status as the state space, and valve opening and fan speed as the action space. The reward function comprehensively considers heat dissipation efficiency and energy consumption indicators, continuously optimizing the strategy through temporal difference learning. The intelligent decision-making module outputs the optimized valve opening and fan speed commands to the drive module, which precisely controls the electric actuator of inlet valve 6 and the axial fan motor according to the commands.

[0078] The intelligent decision-making module calculates the risk index based on the prediction results of the model predictive control algorithm and the strategy evaluation of the reinforcement learning algorithm. The risk index is a multivariate function that integrates the rate of temperature change, pressure difference trend, and equipment operating status. When the risk index exceeds a preset critical value, the data acquisition module switches to a high-frequency sampling mode, increasing the temperature sensor sampling frequency from the usual 1 time / minute to 10 times / minute to improve data real-time performance. The high-frequency sampling mode continues until the risk index falls back to a safe range, at which point the system automatically resumes the normal sampling frequency.

[0079] The drive module, along with the inlet air valve 6 and the axial fan, forms a state feedback network to collect real-time data on valve rotation angle and fan motor current. All data is processed using a Kalman filter to remove measurement noise and interference signals. The processed data is used to calculate actuator health indicators, including parameters such as valve response delay and motor torque characteristics. These health indicators are fed back to the intelligent decision-making module. When the indicators show performance degradation, the intelligent decision-making module automatically corrects the control parameters, such as adjusting the PID controller gain or modifying the action strategy.

[0080] The system's embedded computational fluid dynamics simulation engine uses the finite volume method to simulate the three-dimensional flow field distribution in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet in real time. The simulation model considers the structure of the air inlet vent 1, the layout of heating elements, and the influence of internal obstacles, generating detailed distributions of velocity, pressure, and temperature fields. Particle image velocimetry technology verifies the model's accuracy by comparing actual measurements with simulation results, automatically correcting simulation parameters when errors exceed the allowable range. When the predicted local vortex intensity exceeds the safety threshold, the intelligent decision-making module synchronously adjusts the deflection angle of the air inlet vent 1 guide vane and the opening of the air inlet valve 6, suppressing vortex formation by changing the airflow path.

[0081] The intelligent decision-making module connects to an external meteorological data interface to acquire ambient temperature and humidity forecasts for the next 6 hours. The data is processed using a weighted moving average algorithm to extract temperature change trends and humidity fluctuation characteristics. Based on the forecast results, the intelligent decision-making module proactively activates a preventative cooling mode, coordinating the operation of the processing, drive, and data acquisition modules. For example, before a predicted temperature rise, it appropriately increases fan speed and adjusts damper openings to achieve proactive temperature control. All modules exchange predictive maintenance signals via a data bus, forming a collaborative intelligent thermal management system.

[0082] In practical implementation, the ventilation and heat dissipation system of the cabinet is typically used in the converter cabinet of an industrial power distribution room. The cabinet body 2 adopts a welded structure of cold-rolled steel plate, and the interior is divided into a front compartment 4 and a rear compartment 5 by a partition. The front compartment 4 centrally installs heat-generating components such as IGBT modules and circuit breakers, and the spacing between components is maintained at a specific distance according to heat dissipation requirements. The rear compartment 5 serves as an auxiliary air duct space, with reserved cable channels and equipment installation positions. The cabinet of this invention has an IP54 sealing rating, protecting against dust and splashed water.

[0083] The air inlet vent 1 is installed on the front panel of the cabinet body 2 and adopts a three-stage filtration structure: the outermost G4 pre-filter intercepts lint, the middle F7 medium-efficiency filter captures fine particles, and the inner activated carbon filter adsorbs chemical gases. The vent frame is made of aluminum alloy profile and has an internal airflow guide fin assembly. The fins are arranged radially to evenly distribute the incoming airflow to all areas of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet. Under high-temperature conditions in summer, when the temperature sensor detects a continuous increase in the internal temperature of the front compartment 4 of the cabinet, the system will automatically increase the self-cleaning frequency of the filter.

[0084] The top exhaust duct 3 uses a galvanized spiral duct and is connected to the top panel of the cabinet via a flange. A silencer is installed inside the duct to reduce airflow noise. The exhaust outlet is equipped with an insect screen and a louvered rain cover to suit outdoor installation environments. Guide vanes are added at bends in the exhaust duct to reduce local resistance loss. The start-up threshold of the exhaust fan is dynamically adjusted based on the pressure difference inside and outside the cabinet to avoid frequent start-stop cycles.

[0085] The inlet damper 6 is a multi-leaf adjustable damper with a stainless steel body and self-lubricating bearings on the blade shaft. The actuator uses an electronic positioner, receiving 4-20mA control signals to precisely adjust the opening. When the damper is fully closed, the leakage is less than a specific percentage of the rated airflow, ensuring effective blocking of the diversion channel when centralized cooling is required. The damper's opening and closing speed is adjustable; a fast-response mode is used for sudden temperature changes, while a slow-speed mode is used for stable operation.

[0086] The control system's data acquisition module is equipped with multiple analog input channels, supporting mixed input of PT100 RTD and 4-20mA signals. Temperature sensors are explosion-proof and installed at critical temperature measurement points such as the surface of the heat sink fins of heating elements. Differential pressure sensors utilize ceramic diaphragm technology to withstand pressure surges across the filter. All sensor signals are photoelectrically isolated before being sent to the processing module.

[0087] The processing module runs a multivariate predictive control algorithm to establish a state-space model of temperature, differential pressure, and damper opening. The algorithm performs multiple rolling optimizations per second to calculate the optimal control sequence for a given period. When gradient changes are detected at multiple temperature measurement points, the system automatically identifies hotspot areas and prioritizes adjusting the air supply parameters for those areas. The processing module also integrates equipment lifespan prediction functionality, generating maintenance reminders based on the number of actuator actions and maintenance cycles.

[0088] The drive module employs intelligent power module technology, integrating overcurrent and overheat protection. The output channel offers both PWM and analog voltage control modes to adapt to different types of actuators. The module incorporates a built-in current loop control for precise motor torque control. For high-inertia loads such as axial fans, the drive module uses a soft-start strategy, gradually increasing output power to avoid inrush current.

[0089] During the spring transition season, the system enters an adaptive learning mode. By continuously monitoring the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cabinet, it automatically adjusts the temperature control threshold. When the ambient humidity is high, the system appropriately increases the fan speed to enhance dehumidification. During low-load periods at night, the system automatically switches to energy-saving operation mode, reducing fan speed and damper opening.

[0090] The communication system employs a ring network topology, allowing communication to be maintained via a backup path in case of a line failure. Important control commands utilize a redundant transmission mechanism, with the same command being sent simultaneously through different channels. The system clock is synchronized with the BeiDou satellite system, ensuring time consistency across all control units. Timestamps and sequence numbers are added to communication messages for easy fault tracing and analysis.

[0091] During the installation and commissioning phase, airflow organization testing is required, using the smoke tracing method to observe the flow field distribution. Dead zones are eliminated by adjusting the angle of the guide vanes and the layout of components. After system commissioning is complete, the optimal parameter combination is saved, and settings can be recalled with a single click later. The maintenance interface provides 3D visualization monitoring, displaying real-time temperature cloud maps and airflow vector maps.

[0092] The system also reserves an IoT interface for integration with the plant's energy management system. The remote monitoring platform can manage multiple control cabinets simultaneously, generating energy efficiency analysis reports and early warning information. When abnormal operating conditions are detected, the system automatically pushes alarm information to maintenance personnel's mobile terminals and provides preliminary handling suggestions. Historical data storage can last for several years, supporting fault retrospection and trend analysis.

[0093] This invention effectively solves the heat dissipation bottleneck problem caused by the limited air intake area at the front of the cabinet through the comprehensive application of multi-airflow collaborative design and intelligent control strategies. The core innovation of the system lies in upgrading the existing single air intake structure into a three-dimensional air intake network and introducing dynamic adjustment capabilities into the airflow distribution mechanism.

[0094] The air intake windows adopt a multi-faceted, three-dimensional air intake design, with a main air intake surface at the front of the cabinet and auxiliary air intake surfaces added to the sides, forming a multi-dimensional air intake channel. This layout effectively doubles the air intake cross-sectional area within a limited installation space. When the load on heat-generating components such as IGBT modules inside the cabinet increases sharply under high-temperature conditions in summer, multiple air intake surfaces can simultaneously introduce cooling airflow, significantly increasing the air intake volume per unit time. A specially designed deflector guides lateral airflow to areas with dense heat-generating components, preventing the formation of vortex dead zones within the chamber.

[0095] As a key actuator for airflow distribution, the inlet air valve's opening and closing status directly determines the path selection of the cooling airflow. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the front compartment of the cabinet exceeds a first preset threshold, the processing module closes the inlet air valve, forcing all the cool air to enter through the multi-faceted structure of the inlet air window. This "centralized cooling" mode maximizes the effective airflow, ensuring that the airflow precisely covers high heat density areas. Experimental data shows that the heat dissipation efficiency of core components is significantly improved in this mode.

[0096] The processing module analyzes data from a distributed temperature sensor network to calculate the optimal airflow configuration in real time. When an increase in filter differential pressure is detected but the heat dissipation demand is moderate, the system opens the inlet air valve to a moderate opening, creating a hybrid ventilation mode with main and auxiliary airflow ducts operating in parallel. This intelligent airflow distribution ensures basic heat dissipation requirements while reducing the load on the main filter through airflow diversion.

[0097] The top exhaust duct and axial fan constitute an active exhaust system, forming a coordinated airflow organization with the intake system. The drive module dynamically adjusts the fan speed according to heat dissipation requirements, enhancing the exhaust negative pressure under high load conditions and promoting heat air exchange efficiency. This "intake and exhaust linkage" mechanism ensures that the airflow forms a complete circulation inside the cabinet, preventing hot air from stagnating.

[0098] This invention achieves a leap from "passive ventilation" to "active air conditioning" through the closed-loop coordination of sensor networks, control algorithms, and actuators. This dynamically adjustable ventilation architecture not only breaks through the limitations of fixed air intake area but also optimizes airflow utilization efficiency through intelligent algorithms, thereby maximizing heat dissipation performance within a limited space.

[0099] This invention, in its first embodiment, uses a converter cabinet in an industrial power distribution room as an application scenario. The cabinet body 2 is constructed from cold-rolled steel plate and is internally divided into a front compartment 4 and a rear compartment 5 by a partition. The front compartment 4 houses high-heat-generating electrical components such as IGBT modules and circuit breakers, with the components spaced at specific distances according to heat dissipation requirements. An air inlet vent 1 is installed on the front panel of the cabinet body 2, employing a multi-faceted, three-dimensional air intake design, including a main air intake surface and auxiliary side air intake surfaces. The main air intake surface faces the front of the cabinet, while the auxiliary air intake surfaces are at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal direction, with aluminum alloy guide plates installed on their inner sides. When the ambient temperature rises in summer, the heat generated by the components in the front compartment 4 increases, and the distributed temperature sensors detect that the temperature data at multiple points exceeds a first preset threshold. The processing module generates a first control command, driving the module to close the air inlet valve 6, allowing cool air to enter through the multi-faceted structure of the air inlet vent 1. After the airflow converges from the main air intake and the auxiliary air intake, it is guided by a baffle to the central area of ​​the front compartment 4 of the cabinet, directly cooling the heat-generating components. The axial fan at the outlet of the top exhaust duct 3 simultaneously receives high-speed parameters, enhancing the exhaust negative pressure and forming a highly efficient heat dissipation cycle. This mode maximizes the utilization of the air intake cross-sectional area under high-temperature conditions, but the angle of the auxiliary air intake needs to be fine-tuned according to the cabinet's installation position to avoid airflow interference.

[0100] Embodiment 2 of this invention addresses heat dissipation management during the spring and autumn transition seasons. The temperature data in the front compartment 4 of the cabinet is below a first preset threshold but above a second preset threshold. Simultaneously, the differential pressure sensing unit detects that the differential pressure data across the filter in the air inlet vent 1 exceeds a third preset threshold, indicating a tendency for dust accumulation on the filter. The processing module generates a third control command, driving the module to open the air inlet valve 6 to a middle opening. Part of the cool air is diverted to the rear compartment 5 of the cabinet to form an auxiliary air duct, reducing the airflow through the filter. The axial fan operates at a moderate speed to balance heat dissipation requirements and energy consumption. The system periodically simulates airflow distribution using a computational fluid dynamics simulation engine, adjusting the guide vane angle when local eddies are predicted. In dusty industrial environments, this diversion strategy extends the filter replacement cycle, but requires monitoring whether the airflow in the rear compartment 5 causes temperature gradient changes. The processing module dynamically adjusts threshold parameters based on historical data to adapt to diurnal temperature variations.

Claims

1. A novel ventilation and heat dissipation system for a power cabinet, characterized in that, include: The cabinet body (2) has its internal space divided into a front compartment (4) and a rear compartment (5) for accommodating heat-generating electrical components. An air inlet window (1) is located at the front of the cabinet body (2) to introduce external cold air into the front compartment (4) of the cabinet. The top exhaust duct (3) is located at the top of the cabinet body (2) and is used to exhaust hot air. An air inlet valve (6) is installed on the shell of the rear compartment (5) of the cabinet; The control device is communicatively connected to the air inlet valve (6); The control device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the temperature data of the front compartment (4) of the cabinet; The processing module is configured to receive the temperature data, generate a first control command when the temperature data is higher than a first preset threshold, and generate a second control command when the temperature data is lower than a second preset threshold. The drive module is used to receive the first control command and control the air inlet valve (6) to close, so that cold air is concentrated and enters the front compartment (4) of the cabinet through the air inlet window (1); or to receive the second control command and control the air inlet valve (6) to open, so that some cold air enters the rear compartment (5) of the cabinet through the air inlet valve (6).

2. The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet window (1) includes multiple independent air inlet surfaces, which are distributed in three dimensions in space. After the airflow enters from the multiple independent air inlet surfaces, it converges in the air inlet chamber of the front compartment (4) of the cabinet to form an airflow that flows to the heating electrical components.

3. The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multiple independent air inlet surfaces include a main air inlet surface located at the front of the cabinet body (2) and an auxiliary air inlet surface located on the side. The auxiliary air inlet surface forms a set angle with the horizontal direction, and the guide plate provided on the inner side of the auxiliary air inlet surface guides the incoming airflow to the central area of ​​the front compartment (4) of the cabinet.

4. The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module also includes a differential pressure sensing unit, which is connected across the filter of the air inlet window (1) to obtain differential pressure data; After receiving the differential pressure data, the processing module generates a second control command when it determines that the temperature data is lower than a second preset threshold and the differential pressure data is higher than a third preset threshold.

5. The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The processing module is further configured to generate a third control command when the temperature data is higher than the second preset threshold but lower than the first preset threshold, and the pressure difference data is higher than the third preset threshold. After receiving the third control command, the drive module controls the air inlet valve (6) to open to a preset intermediate opening degree, so that some cold air is diverted to the rear compartment (5) of the cabinet.

6. The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet valve (6) is an electrically adjustable air valve. Its valve plate rotation shaft is directly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor. The drive module controls the rotation angle of the valve plate by sending a pulse width modulation signal or an analog current signal to the drive motor, thereby adjusting the opening degree of the air valve.

7. The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an axial fan, which is installed at the outlet of the top exhaust duct (3); The drive module is electrically connected to the axial fan. While controlling the opening of the air inlet valve (6), it adjusts the speed of the axial fan according to the fan speed control parameters sent by the processing module.

8. The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, When generating the first control command, the processing module simultaneously generates high-speed control parameters and sends them to the drive module; when generating the second control command, it simultaneously generates low-speed control parameters and sends them to the drive module. The drive module adjusts the operating speed of the axial fan according to the received speed control parameters.

9. The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module has multiple temperature sensors, which are distributed in the installation areas of different heating elements in the front compartment (4) of the cabinet. After receiving data from each temperature sensor, the processing module selects the highest temperature value as the basis for judgment and compares it with a preset threshold.

10. The novel cabinet ventilation and heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control device also includes a communication interface module. The communication interface module adopts the RS-485 bus or CAN bus protocol and establishes a physical connection with the electric actuator of the air inlet valve (6) through a twisted pair cable for the transmission of control signals between the drive module and the air inlet valve (6).

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