Nested high voltage generator and high voltage generation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a nested high-voltage generator and a high-voltage generation method thereof. The nested high-voltage generator comprises an independent sub-power supply, a capacitor, an electrode plate and a conductive shell, the independent sub-power supply is connected in series with the electrode plate and connected in parallel with the capacitor to form a high-voltage generating circuit; the conductive shell surrounds the outer side of the high-voltage generating circuit to form a Faraday cage, and the independent sub power supply and the capacitor are arranged in the conductive shell; a plurality of Faraday cages exist, the plurality of Faraday cages are nested, and the Faraday cage nested in the inner layer is placed in the conductive shell nested in the Faraday cage nested in the outer layer; the independent sub-power supply of the nested inner layer is connected in series with the independent power supply of the nested outer layer, and the capacitor of the nested inner layer is connected in series with the capacitor of the nested outer layer. The nested high-voltage generating circuit is provided with a plurality of independent sub-power supplies, each independent sub-power supply can independently supply power, when any one of the independent sub-power supplies is damaged, the other high-voltage generating circuits can work independently, normal use is not affected, and the technical effect of reducing regular maintenance cost and repair cost of the high-voltage generator is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of low-energy direct-current high-voltage particle accelerators, in particular to a nested high-voltage generator and a high-voltage generation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] A high-voltage accelerator is an accelerator that uses a direct-current high-voltage electrostatic field to accelerate charged particles, and plays an important role in low-energy nuclear physics research, nuclear parameter measurement and analysis, accelerator mass spectrometry, ion beam biological effect research, ion implantation and irradiation processing, etc. In low-energy nuclear physics experimental research, it is required that the energy dispersion of the beam is as low as possible, that is, the better the energy monochromaticity and stability, the more accurate the experimental results, and therefore high-precision nuclear physics experimental measurement puts higher requirements on the energy stability of the high-voltage accelerator. However, the power utilization rate of the high-voltage accelerator in China is low, and the high-voltage stability that can be achieved by the voltage stabilization technology is usually about 1%, which is difficult to meet the requirements of most nuclear physics experiments on the energy stability of the beam (generally 10-3~10-5). As the core component of the high-voltage accelerator, the high-voltage stability of the high-voltage generator directly affects the beam transmission quality and energy stability, and therefore the key to improving the energy stability of the high-voltage accelerator lies in further improving and optimizing the performance of the high-voltage generator.

[0003] The traditional direct-current high-voltage system includes an insulating iron core transformer, an electrostatic generator and a high-frequency high-voltage generator, etc. These high-voltage systems usually need to use gas (usually SF6 gas or N2, CO2 and their mixed gas) for insulation, so that the high-voltage accelerator is bulky and heavy, and has a power supply system. After the power supply system is damaged, the entire high-voltage generator cannot be used, affecting normal work, and frequent maintenance is required. Once damaged, it needs to be repaired as soon as possible, and the operation and maintenance cost is expensive, thereby greatly limiting the development and application of the high-voltage accelerator.

[0004] The above problems need to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application discloses a nested high-voltage generator and a high-voltage generation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The present application adopts the following technical solutions: On one hand, the present invention provides a nested high-voltage generator, comprising: an independent sub-power supply, a capacitor, an electrode plate, and a conductive housing; the independent sub-power supply is connected in series with the electrode plate and in parallel with the capacitor to form a high-voltage generating circuit; the conductive housing is semi-enclosed, surrounding the outside of the high-voltage generating circuit, with its opening connected to the electrode plate to form a Faraday cage, wherein the independent sub-power supply and the capacitor are disposed inside the conductive housing; there are multiple Faraday cages, which are nested in layers, with the innermost Faraday cage placed inside the conductive housing of the outermost Faraday cage; the independent sub-power supply of the innermost nest is connected in series with the independent power supply of the outermost nest, and the capacitor of the innermost nest is connected in series with the capacitor of the outermost nest.

[0007] Optionally, multiple nested electrode plates are placed in parallel, and each electrode plate is provided with holes. The holes on the multiple electrode plates are on the same axis, wherein the multiple holes are used for particles emitted by the particle source emitter to pass through. The particle source emitter is placed in the innermost layer of the nested Faraday cage and emits particles through the holes of the coaxially parallel electrode plates.

[0008] Optionally, the outermost conductive shell is connected to the ground wire.

[0009] Optionally, it also includes: a high-frequency inverter that outputs high-frequency current, wherein a primary winding is provided on the high-frequency inverter; a transformer connected to the high-frequency inverter for transmitting high-frequency current; and an outermost independent sub-power supply in a nested configuration that is connected to a secondary winding, wherein the secondary winding is connected to the transformer for receiving high-frequency current and providing current to the outermost independent sub-power supply.

[0010] Optionally, in a nested series of independent sub-power supplies, a voltage multiplier circuit is set between adjacent independent sub-power supplies, so that the voltage of the inner independent sub-power supply is higher than the voltage of the outer independent sub-power supply.

[0011] Optionally, the voltage multiplier circuit includes: multiple diodes, each including an anode and a cathode, the anode being connected to an outer independent sub-power supply and the cathode being connected to an inner independent sub-power supply; multiple capacitors, each capacitor having one end connected to an inner independent sub-power supply and the other end connected to an outer independent sub-power supply, used to receive and store the voltage transmitted by the outer independent sub-power supply, and simultaneously release voltage to the inner independent sub-power supply, wherein the capacitors are connected in parallel with the diodes.

[0012] Optionally, the high-voltage generating circuit further includes a protection resistor disposed between the independent sub-power supply and the electrode plate, wherein the resistance value of the protection resistor is between 1000 ohms and 8000 ohms.

[0013] Optionally, among the plurality of electrode plates, an insulating pad is provided between adjacent electrode plates to isolate the voltage on adjacent electrode plates.

[0014] Optionally, an acceleration gap is formed between adjacent electrode plates, and the number of acceleration gaps is at least three.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a nested high-voltage generation method is also provided, comprising: turning on a high-frequency inverter; the high-frequency inverter sending a high-frequency current to the outermost independent sub-power source in the nested high-voltage generation circuit based on a transformer; the outermost independent sub-power source receiving the high-frequency current and sending a high voltage to the inner independent sub-power source based on a voltage multiplier circuit, wherein the voltage of the inner independent sub-power source increases step by step; multiple independent sub-power sources in the nested high-voltage generation circuit respectively providing high voltage to the connected electrode plates, the electrode plates forming a high-voltage electric field, wherein the electric field strength formed by the inner electrode plate is higher than the electric field strength formed by the outer electrode plate; and a particle source emitter emitting particles toward the holes of the electrode plates, wherein the particles are accelerated under the action of the high-voltage electric field.

[0016] The technical solution adopted in this invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: In this embodiment of the invention, an independent sub-power supply, a capacitor, an electrode plate, and a conductive outer shell are used. The independent sub-power supply is connected in series with the electrode plate and in parallel with the capacitor to form a high-voltage generating circuit. The conductive outer shell is semi-enclosed, surrounding the outside of the high-voltage generating circuit, with its opening connected to the electrode plate to form a Faraday cage. The independent sub-power supply and the capacitor are disposed inside the conductive outer shell. Multiple Faraday cages exist, nested in layers, with the innermost Faraday cage placed inside the conductive outer shell of the outermost Faraday cage. The independent sub-power supply of the innermost layer is connected in series with the independent power supply of the outermost layer, and the capacitor of the innermost layer is connected in series with the capacitor of the outermost layer. This achieves the goal of setting up a nested high-voltage generating circuit with multiple independent sub-power supplies, each of which can supply power independently. If any one of them fails, the remaining high-voltage generating circuits can still operate independently without affecting normal use. This achieves the technical effect of reducing the periodic maintenance and repair costs of the high-voltage generator, and solves the technical problem in related technologies where there is only one power supply system, and the failure of the power supply system leads to the inability of the entire high-voltage generator to be used, resulting in high operating and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, forming part of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1This is a structural diagram of a nested high-voltage generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a nested high-voltage generator particle accelerator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a nested high-voltage generation method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of a nested high-voltage generator and a conventional DC high-voltage generator in fault mode according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. High-voltage generating circuit; 2. Faraday cage; 3. Particle source emitter; 4. Electrode plate; 5. Particle; 6. Target; 7. Insulating pad; 10. High-frequency inverter; 11. Transformer; 12. Primary winding; 13. Secondary winding; 14. Third stage point; 15. Second stage point; 16. First stage point; 17, 18. Protective resistors; 40, 41, 42, 43. Terminal electrodes. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the term "or" is generally used to include the meaning of "and / or," unless otherwise expressly indicated.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or a magnetic connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] First, to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, some terms or nouns involved in the present invention will be explained below: A high voltage generator, also known as a high voltage power supply, is an electrical device that can convert ordinary low-voltage electrical energy (such as 220V / 380V mains power) into high voltage (usually from several thousand volts to hundreds of thousands of volts, or even higher) output.

[0023] To address the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides a nested high-voltage generator and a high-voltage generation method thereof.

[0024] Example 1 This embodiment provides a nested high-voltage generator, such as Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a nested high-voltage generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The high-voltage generator includes: The circuit consists of an independent sub-power source, a capacitor, an electrode plate 4, and a conductive outer shell. The independent sub-power source is connected in series with the electrode plate 4 and in parallel with the capacitor to form a high-voltage generating circuit 1. The conductive outer shell is semi-enclosed, surrounding the outside of the high-voltage generating circuit 1, with its opening connected to the electrode plate 4 to form a Faraday cage 2. The independent sub-power source and the capacitor are located inside the conductive outer shell. There are multiple Faraday cages 2, which are nested in layers. The innermost Faraday cage 2 is placed inside the conductive outer shell of the outermost Faraday cage 2. The independent sub-power source of the innermost nest is connected in series with the independent sub-power source of the outermost nest, and the capacitor of the innermost nest is connected in series with the capacitor of the outermost nest.

[0025] Optionally, the high-voltage generator converts the input low-voltage AC to a high-voltage DC output through a series of physical and electrical conversion processes. Specifically, the nested high-voltage generator consists of concentrically nested high-voltage generating circuits 1. The electrode plates 4 of each high-voltage generating circuit 1 are separated by insulating pads 7. Each high-voltage generating circuit 1 has an independent sub-power supply, and these independent sub-power supplies are connected in series. Each nested high-voltage generating circuit 1 can independently form a generator. The generator in the inner nest is encapsulated within the generator in the adjacent outer nest through a conductive shell. Each generator has an independent sub-power supply, a capacitor, and a continuously sealed conductive shell to completely isolate each high-voltage generating circuit 1.

[0026] Optionally, the power supply can be provided in various ways, but must be adapted to the structure of the generator. Each innermost generator is nested in a cup shape to form an axially extending assembly. Each high-voltage generating circuit 1 is surrounded by a conductive shell to form a Faraday cage 2, which can electrostatically isolate the high-voltage generating circuits 1 from each other. The specific effectiveness of the electrostatic isolation depends on the type of power supply used.

[0027] Optionally, the nested integrated high-voltage generating circuit 1 connects multiple independent sub-power supplies in series to form an integrated high-voltage generating power supply. Specifically, it adopts a distributed topology design, but each high-voltage generating circuit 1 contains an independent sub-power supply. This method divides the integrated high-voltage generator into an independent sub-power supply system of tens of kV, with each independent sub-power supply placed within a nested Faraday cage 2. Each independent sub-power supply has a high-voltage conducting coil, specifically including a secondary circuit coil and a primary coil. The secondary circuit and primary coil are independently coupled, forming a distributed air-core switching transformer 11. Damage to an independent sub-power supply will not cause overall voltage breakdown, greatly improving the stability of the integrated high-voltage generator.

[0028] Optionally, in multiple nested high-voltage generating circuits 1, each high-voltage generating circuit 1 is equipped with an independent sub-power source, thereby increasing the voltage from the outermost nested layer to the innermost nested layer in stages, forming an acceleration device. The electrode plate 4 acts as the accelerating electrode, and the accelerating electrode and the cathode of the independent sub-power source are designed as a single integrated component, operating in a vacuum. The accelerating electrode is sealed within the chamber of the nested high-voltage generator. Each nested high-voltage generating circuit 1 has an accelerating electrode, which is processed into multiple graded rings via a looped wire, decreasing in increments of tens of kV to achieve a gradual voltage gradient, keeping the vacuum connection at ground potential, and simultaneously serving as the acceleration zone for particles 5.

[0029] Optionally, the electrode plate 4 can be in the form of a spiral conductor, with multiple concentric nested spiral conductors arranged in parallel, separated by an insulator. Each pair of spiral conductors is connected to an independent sub-power source. Since a particle source emitter 3 is required to emit particles 5, this emitter 3 also needs to be connected to a spiral conductor so that the particles 5 emitted by the emitter 3 are directed towards the spiral conductor. Therefore, there will be N-1 independent sub-power sources among the N conductors, and these independent sub-power sources are connected in series. An insulating device is provided between adjacent high-voltage generators, so the voltage on each high-voltage generator is only a small portion of the total voltage generated by the entire device.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, among the nested plurality of electrode plates 4, an insulating pad 7 is provided between adjacent electrode plates 4 to isolate the voltage on adjacent electrode plates 4.

[0031] Optionally, a large distance needs to be spaced between the multiple electrode plates 4 to ensure that they do not interfere with each other. However, this method results in a large space required for the arrangement of the electrode plates 4. Therefore, to reduce the size of the high-voltage accelerator, a solid insulating material, namely an insulating pad 7, can be used to reduce the diameter of the nested high-voltage generator. A characteristic of solid insulating materials is that their permissible electric field decreases as the voltage increases.

[0032] Optionally, the insulating pad 7 includes a stepped ring and cylindrical metal sheets. The insulating pad 7 is disposed between the electrode plates 4. When the electrode plates 4 use helical conductors, the insulating pad 7 is disposed between the helical conductors. The axis of the cylindrical metal sheet is perpendicular to the helical conductor. The stepped ring is disposed on the cylindrical metal sheet and blocks the helical conductors on both sides. The potential of the helical conductor in each layer is determined by the axial cylindrical conductive metal sheets, which constitute the inner and outer boundaries of each layer. The two ends of these cylindrical metal sheets are the helical conductors. Apart from the conductive metal sheets, there is no electrical connection between the stages. The insulating pad 7 is provided between adjacent high-voltage generators, so the voltage on each high-voltage generator is only a small part of the total voltage generated in the entire device, which can greatly improve the voltage insulation performance.

[0033] Optionally, the radial insulation of the insulating pad 7 is provided by multiple layers of high dielectric strength films, and the axial insulation is provided by a combination of plastic film or sheet and dielectric fluid. All films in the insulating pad 7 are impregnated with a thin layer of dielectric fluid. The electrode plates 4 are separated by the insulating pads 7, which define an acceleration gap between adjacent pairs of electrode plates 4 and apply an individually regulated gap voltage between each pair of adjacent electrode plates 4. Specifically, the individually regulated gap voltage is generated by an electrically isolated alternator mounted on a common rotor shaft driven by a motor. The alternating current output from the alternator is input to an individually regulated DC power supply to generate the gap voltage. The multiple independent sub-power supplies are electrostatically isolated and have outputs connected in series between consecutive pairs of electrode plates 4.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments, multiple nested electrode plates 4 are placed in parallel, and each electrode plate 4 is provided with a hole. The holes on the multiple electrode plates 4 are on the same axis, wherein the multiple holes are used for particles 5 emitted by the particle source emitter 3 to pass through. The particle source emitter 3 is placed in the innermost layer of the nested Faraday cage 2 and emits particles 5 through the holes of the coaxially parallel electrode plates 4.

[0035] Optional, such as Figure 2As shown in the figure, this is a cross-sectional view at the hole. The end electrodes of the multiple electrode plates 4, labeled 40, 41, 42, and 43, are spiral conductor plates, or planar plates can be used. Regardless of the type of plate chosen, a hole must be set in the center, i.e., the electrode plate 4 is a plate with a central hole, and the central hole of the electrode plate 4 is aligned with the beam's central axis. The electrode corresponding to the end electrode 40 can be maintained at ground potential, and an increasing positive voltage is applied to electrodes 42, 43, and 41, respectively. Typically, these increasing positive voltages define a common voltage drop V across the acceleration gap between adjacent electrode pairs, thereby accelerating the particles 5 and ejecting them from left to right, ultimately striking the rightmost target 6. The material of the target 6 is determined according to the different ejected particles 5.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments, the outermost conductive shell is connected to the ground wire.

[0037] In some preferred embodiments, the system further includes: a high-frequency inverter 10 that outputs high-frequency current, and a primary winding 12 disposed on the high-frequency inverter 10; a transformer 11 connected to the high-frequency inverter 10 for transmitting high-frequency current; and an outermost independent sub-power supply in a nested configuration that is connected to a secondary winding 13, the secondary winding 13 being connected to the transformer 11 for receiving high-frequency current and providing current to the outermost independent sub-power supply.

[0038] Optionally, the high-voltage generating circuit 1 adopts a distributed topology design, mainly including a high-frequency inverter 10, a voltage multiplier (i.e., a voltage multiplier circuit), and an insulated magnetic core transformer 11 (i.e., transformer 11). The insulated magnetic core transformer 11 can be used to supply power to the high-voltage system, but the conductive core is difficult to insulate, or it must be made of a non-conductive material, such as non-conductive ferrite. In high-power cases, a "Dinami-type" structure can be considered, but this structure often becomes very large in high-power cases and is independent of the average power because they are capacitively coupled, with the total voltage applied to the capacitor. Therefore, the power supply equipment needs to be manufactured as an "air-core" device without magnetic materials. The primary winding group 12 uses a parallel or series resonant circuit to supply power to the equipment. Using a voltage multiplier in the circuit structure would limit the power, so two series half-wave rectifiers are used in each stage to maximize the available power.

[0039] Optionally, the high-frequency inverter 10 employs a four-channel H-bridge inverter, designed with a corresponding maximum frequency, and undergoes rigorous hardening treatment to ensure it can operate under full arc conditions without any damage. Through this method, a continuous current is provided to the outermost independent sub-power supply. Simultaneously, under the action of the voltage multiplier circuit, the current from the outermost independent sub-power supply is transferred to the nested inner independent sub-power supplies, creating a voltage multiplication effect.

[0040] In some preferred embodiments, in a nested series of independent sub-power supplies, a voltage multiplier circuit is provided between adjacent independent sub-power supplies, and the voltage of the inner independent sub-power supply is higher than the voltage of the outer independent sub-power supply.

[0041] Optionally, the high-voltage generating circuit 1 strictly divides the overall system into sub-power supply systems of tens of kV, with adjacent sub-power supply systems placed in two nested Faraday cages 2. Each independent sub-power supply has a secondary circuit, which is independently coupled to the primary winding group 12 to form a distributed air-core switching transformer 11. The failure of one independent sub-power supply will not cause the overall voltage breakdown, greatly improving the stability of the overall high-voltage system.

[0042] Optionally, the voltage required for electrode plate 4 is applied to an independent sub-power source by a high-voltage power supply unit, and then transmitted to electrode plate 4 by the independent sub-power source. The power supply unit typically consists of a balanced Cockcroft-Walton C-W voltage multiplier circuit, powered by a high-frequency inverter 10 and a transformer 11.

[0043] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The CW multiplier (voltage multiplier circuit) shown generates a DC voltage at point 16 of the first stage, equal to the peak-to-peak voltage of each half of the center-tapped secondary winding 13 of the step-up transformer 11. Since the voltage on the secondary winding 13 of the step-up transformer 11 is effectively regulated by the high-frequency inverter 10, the DC voltage at point 16 of the first stage in the CW multiplier is actually the regulated DC voltage. Similarly, the voltage at point 15 of the second stage in the CW multiplier is maintained at the regulated DC voltage, which is equal to twice the peak-to-peak voltage of each half of the center-tapped secondary winding of the step-up transformer 11. The DC voltage at point 14 of the third stage in the CW multiplier is maintained at the regulated DC voltage, which is equal to three times the peak-to-peak voltage of each half of the secondary winding of the step-up transformer 11. Thus, appropriate regulated voltages are provided at each stage point 14, 15, and 16 for connection to electrodes 41, 42, and 43, thereby providing the required gap voltage to achieve the effect of continuously increasing voltage, thus ensuring that the voltage of the inner independent sub-power supply is higher than that of the outer independent sub-power supply.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, the voltage multiplier circuit includes: a plurality of diodes, each including an anode and a cathode, the anode being connected to an outer independent sub-power supply and the cathode being connected to an inner independent sub-power supply; a plurality of capacitors, each capacitor having one end connected to an inner independent sub-power supply and the other end connected to an outer independent sub-power supply, for receiving and storing the voltage transmitted by the outer independent sub-power supply, and simultaneously releasing the voltage to the inner independent sub-power supply, wherein the capacitors are connected in parallel with the diodes.

[0045] Optionally, the voltage multiplier circuit includes a secondary winding 13, a storage capacitor, a diode rectifier, and / or a bipolar series multiplier diode. This energy storage allows the system to respond instantly to power consumption when the main drive resonant period reaches full voltage. A full-wave rectifier scheme is used to convert the resonant AC drive to a DC output voltage.

[0046] Optionally, the CW multiplier consists of a capacitor and a repeating stage of a full-wave rectifier bridge. Transformer 11 has a secondary winding 13 with its center tap grounded (here grounded via end electrode 40). If the AC voltage on each half of the secondary winding 13 of transformer 11 has a peak amplitude A, the CW multiplier, comprising three full-wave rectifiers and associated capacitors, produces a 3×2A DC output voltage at point 20. A high-frequency inverter 10 is configured to drive the primary winding 12 of transformer 11 at a frequency of tens of kHz (typically 30 kHz). The output of the CW multiplier is connected to the end electrode of the accelerator that has the highest potential relative to ground, here the left end electrode 41.

[0047] In some preferred embodiments, the high voltage generating circuit 1 further includes: protection resistors 17 and 18, disposed between the independent sub-power supply and the electrode plate 4, wherein the resistance values ​​of the protection resistors 17 and 18 are between 1000 ohms and 8000 ohms.

[0048] Optionally, the connection from the third stage point 14 to electrode 41 is achieved through a resistor of several thousand ohms to provide overcurrent protection for the CW multiplier. Each stage of the CW multiplier is directly connected to the intermediate electrodes 43 and 42 of the accelerator through protective resistors 17 and 18 (overcurrent protection).

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, an acceleration gap is formed between adjacent electrode plates 4, and the number of acceleration gaps is at least three.

[0050] Optionally, electrode plate 4 includes end electrodes (40, 41, 42, and 43) and at least N-1 intermediate electrodes. Electrode plate 4 defines at least N acceleration gaps between adjacent pairs of electrodes, where N is at least 3. The DC high-voltage power supply has N pairs of output lines connected to their respective adjacent pairs on electrode plate 4 that define the N acceleration gaps. The power supply can provide N DC output voltages on the N pairs of output lines, the output voltages being electrically isolated from each other to provide gap voltages between the N acceleration gaps. The N DC output voltages may have a common value V.

[0051] Example 2 Based on the above embodiments, the present invention also proposes a method implementation method. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a nested high-voltage generation method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the method includes: Step S1: Turn on the high-frequency inverter 10; Step S2, the high-frequency inverter 10 sends a high-frequency current to the outermost independent sub-power source in the nested high-voltage generation circuit 1 based on the transformer 11. In step S3, the outermost independent sub-power supply receives high-frequency current and outputs high voltage to the inner independent sub-power supply based on the voltage multiplier circuit, and the voltage of the inner independent sub-power supply increases step by step. In step S4, multiple independent sub-power supplies in the nested high voltage generating circuit 1 provide high voltage to the connected electrode plate 4 respectively, and the electrode plate 4 forms a high voltage electric field. The electric field strength formed by the inner electrode plate 4 is higher than that formed by the outer electrode plate 4. In step S5, the particle source emitter 3 emits particles 5 towards the holes in the electrode plate 4, and the particles 5 are accelerated under the action of the high voltage electric field.

[0052] Through steps S1 to S5 above, the nested high-voltage generator divides the high-voltage structure into nested Faraday cages 2, each with its own independent power supply. This ensures uniform voltage distribution during fault modes without voltage concentration. Power is supplied to each Faraday cage 2 by allowing the azimuth electric field and axial magnetic field to enter each Faraday cage 2. The nested high-voltage generator is a distributed air-core switching transformer 11, with each coil or power supply coupled to its own insulation layer. Therefore, compared to a DC high-voltage generator, the segmented voltage system of the nested high-voltage generator has a greater impact on the behavior of system components during fault modes, such as… Figure 4 As shown. Since each vacuum interface has its own capacitor, and is not connected to the main system, the voltage during a fault will not exceed the ambient voltage. In DC high-voltage accelerators, spark gaps are placed along the pillars to prevent transient voltage accumulation. However, even with spark gaps, the components will withstand a voltage three times the ambient voltage because the pulse delay voltage of the spark gap is typically three times the DC delay voltage. The most common fault mode is flashover along the insulator. By placing a resistor between the nested conductor and the associated vacuum electrode, almost all the stored energy is dissipated through the resistor during a fault, effectively ensuring that the voltage of the nested high-voltage generator in fault mode does not exceed the operating voltage.

[0053] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nested high-voltage generator, characterized in that, include: Independent sub-power supply, capacitor, electrode plate (4) and conductive shell; The independent sub-power supply is connected in series with the electrode plate (4) and in parallel with the capacitor to form a high voltage generating circuit (1). The conductive outer shell is semi-enclosed, surrounding the outside of the high voltage generating circuit (1), and its opening is connected to the electrode plate (4) to form a Faraday cage (2). There are multiple Faraday cages (2), and the multiple Faraday cages (2) are nested in layers, with the inner Faraday cage placed inside the conductive shell of the outer Faraday cage; The independent sub-power supply of the inner nested layer is connected in series with the independent sub-power supply of the outer nested layer, and the capacitor of the inner nested layer is connected in series with the capacitor of the outer nested layer.

2. The nested high-voltage generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the nested multiple electrode plates (4), an insulating pad (7) is provided between adjacent electrode plates (4) to isolate the voltage on the adjacent electrode plates (4).

3. A nested high-voltage generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple nested electrode plates (4) are placed in parallel, and each electrode plate (4) is provided with a hole. The holes on the multiple electrode plates (4) are on the same axis, wherein the multiple holes are used for the particles (5) emitted by the particle source emitter (3) to pass through. The particle source emitter (3) is placed in the innermost layer of the nested Faraday cage (2) and emits particles (5) through the holes of the coaxially parallel electrode plates (4).

4. A nested high-voltage generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outermost conductive shell is connected to the ground wire.

5. A nested high-voltage generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A high-frequency inverter (10) outputs a high-frequency current, and a primary winding group (12) is provided on the high-frequency inverter (10). A transformer (11) is connected to the high-frequency inverter (10) for transmitting high-frequency current; The outermost independent sub-power source in the nested multiple independent sub-power sources is connected to the secondary winding (13), which is connected to the transformer (11) to receive high-frequency current and provide current to the outermost independent sub-power source.

6. A nested high-voltage generator according to claim 5, characterized in that, In a nested series of independent sub-power supplies, a voltage multiplier circuit is set between adjacent independent sub-power supplies, and the voltage of the inner independent sub-power supply is higher than the voltage of the outer independent sub-power supply.

7. A nested high-voltage generator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The voltage multiplier circuit includes: Multiple diodes, each including an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is connected to an independent sub-power supply on the outer layer, and the cathode is connected to an independent sub-power supply on the inner layer; Multiple capacitors, each having one end connected to an independent sub-power source in the inner layer and the other end connected to an independent sub-power source in the outer layer, are used to receive and store the voltage transmitted by the independent sub-power source in the outer layer, while simultaneously releasing voltage to the independent sub-power source in the inner layer. The capacitors are connected in parallel with diodes.

8. A nested high-voltage generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage generating circuit (1) also includes: Protection resistors (17, 18) are disposed between the independent sub-power supply and the electrode plate (4), wherein the resistance of the protection resistors (17, 18) is between 1000 ohms and 8000 ohms.

9. A nested high-voltage generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, An acceleration gap is formed between adjacent electrode plates (4), and the number of acceleration gaps is at least 3.

10. A nested high-voltage generation method, characterized in that, An application of a nested high-voltage generator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: Turn on the high-frequency inverter (10); The high-frequency inverter (10) sends high-frequency current to the outermost independent sub-power source in the nested high-voltage generating circuit (1) based on the transformer (11); The outermost independent sub-power supply receives high-frequency current and outputs high voltage to the inner independent sub-power supply based on the voltage multiplier circuit. The voltage of the inner independent sub-power supply increases step by step. In the nested high voltage generating circuit (1), multiple independent sub-power sources provide high voltage to the connected electrode plates (4), and the electrode plates (4) form a high voltage electric field. Among them, the electric field strength formed by the inner electrode plate (4) is higher than that formed by the outer electrode plate (4). The particle source emitter (3) emits particles (5) towards the holes in the electrode plate (4), and the particles (5) are accelerated under the action of the high voltage electric field.

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