Collision self-power-off type electric vehicle
By designing a collision-automatic power-off switch in new energy vehicles, the battery power supply is automatically disconnected using a mechanical structure, solving the problem of fires caused by short circuits in the battery circuit during a collision, and improving the safety and rescue efficiency during a car collision.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511859288.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-05-13
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
New energy vehicles are prone to fires due to short circuits in battery circuits during collisions, and current technology is insufficient to effectively prevent such accidents.
Design a collision self-power-off electric vehicle. By installing a collision power-off switch on the frame, the power connection between the battery and the motor is automatically disconnected by utilizing the mechanical structural changes during longitudinal and lateral collisions, thus avoiding short circuits.
In the event of a collision in the front, rear, left, or right directions, the battery power supply is automatically disconnected to prevent short circuits and fires, thus improving rescue efficiency and safety during accidents.
Smart Images
Figure CN121590301A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle chassis technology, and in particular to a collision self-power-off electric vehicle. Background Technology
[0002] New energy vehicles typically use batteries as their power source. The batteries are located on the upper side of the vehicle's chassis and can also serve as a counterweight to improve the vehicle's operational stability.
[0003] For example, Chinese patent document CN2024112283912, published on November 12, 2024, discloses a chassis assembly for an electric commercial vehicle. In this assembly, a mid-frame connects the front and rear frames, with the front frame located in front of the mid-frame and the rear frame in front of it. The mid-frame and rear frame are at the same vertical height, while the front frame is lower than the mid-frame. The electric commercial vehicle includes a cab, which is fixedly mounted on the front frame. The power battery pack is fixedly mounted on the mid-frame and located below it. This configuration, with the main frame adopting a stepped structure that is lower at the front and higher at the rear, and the cab mounted on the front frame while the power battery pack is mounted on the bottom of the mid-frame, effectively lowers the vehicle's center of gravity, reduces the risk of rollover, and improves safety performance.
[0004] The shortcomings of existing technology are that when new energy vehicles are subjected to a large impact in a car accident, the batteries become connected, and due to short circuits, they are prone to fire, making them more difficult to rescue than traditional gasoline vehicles. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present invention aims to provide a collision self-power-off electric vehicle that can stop supplying power when a collision occurs on all four sides, thus solving the problem that existing cars may easily cause fires due to electrical short circuits caused by the continuous power supply after a collision.
[0006] The above technical problems are solved by the following technical solution: a collision self-power-off electric vehicle, including wheels, a frame supported on the wheels, and a battery compartment connected to the frame. The battery compartment is used to store batteries and is provided with a power line detachably connected to the battery to introduce power to the motor. The frame includes a front bumper, a rear bumper, two longitudinal beams connected to the rear bumper at their rear ends, two crossbeams connecting the two longitudinal beams, a longitudinal sliding rod connected between the two crossbeams, and two longitudinal force transmission rods connected at their rear ends to the front side of the crossbeam located at the front. The front bumper is connected to the front ends of the two longitudinal force transmission rods, and the two longitudinal force transmission rods are aligned with the two longitudinal sliding rods. The battery compartment is slidably connected to the longitudinal sliding rods, and both sides of the battery compartment are fixed to the two longitudinal beams. A collision power-off switch is provided inside the battery compartment, which is used to stop the battery from supplying power to the electric vehicle when the frame is subjected to a collision in the front, rear, left, or right directions. When the vehicle experiences a collision in any direction (front, rear, left, or right) that causes the vehicle body deformation to exceed a set amount, the battery compartment will cut off the battery's power supply, thereby preventing a short circuit and battery combustion caused by the collision.
[0007] Preferably, the bottom wall of the battery compartment is provided with a longitudinal clearance groove. The collision power-off switch includes a vertical plug, two transverse push rods with one end fixed to the two longitudinal beams respectively, and two fixed rods with one end fixed to the two longitudinal slide rods respectively. The other ends of the two fixed rods are hinged to the lower ends of the two swing rods respectively through a longitudinal hinge axis. The upper end of the swing rod is located in the longitudinal clearance groove, and the lower end of the two swing rods is located between the two transverse push rods and aligned with the transverse push rods. The inner side of the swing rod is provided with a swing rod part conductive plate for introducing electricity to the motor. The vertical plug is provided with two plug part conductive plates connected to the power line of the battery compartment. The swing rod clamps the vertical plug, and the swing rod part conductive plates of the two swing rods abut against the two plug part conductive plates respectively. When the transverse push rod moves toward the swing rod, it can drive the swing rod to swing around the longitudinal hinge axis so that the swing rod part conductive plates are separated from the plug part conductive plates. When a longitudinal collision occurs, the longitudinal slide bar moves longitudinally relative to the battery compartment, causing the swing arm to disengage from the vertical post and thus cutting off power. When a lateral collision occurs, the lateral push rod drives the swing arm to open, causing the swing arm to disengage from the vertical post and thus cutting off power. A specific technical solution for a collision-based power-off switch is provided.
[0008] Preferably, the rocker arm and the drive rocker arm are aligned with a rocker arm closing spring about a longitudinal hinge axis, which prevents the vertical insertion pin from inserting longitudinally between the two rocker arms when they are in the closed state under the action of the spring. This allows the two rocker arms to automatically close after longitudinal movement and separation due to a collision, preventing the vertical insertion pin from re-inserting between the rocker arms after a secondary reverse collision, thus further improving safety during collisions.
[0009] Preferably, the battery compartment includes a base and a housing detachably connected to the base. During use, the battery is installed in the housing. The clearance groove is located on the base, and the vertical insertion post is connected to the housing. When the two swing arms are in the closed position, the vertical insertion post can be inserted between the two swing arms. This improves the ease of repositioning the vertical insertion post between the swing arms.
[0010] Preferably, the swing arm has an inverted step, and the vertical insertion post has a hook. When the cabin is connected to the base and the vertical insertion post is located between the two swing arms, the hook engages with the inverted step to prevent the vertical insertion post from being pulled out from between the swing arms. This improves the reliability of the electrical connection between the vertical insertion post and the swing arm during vibration.
[0011] Preferably, the vertical insertion post is retractably connected to the lower surface of the cabin. The cabin is provided with an insertion post extension holding structure to maintain the vertical insertion post in the extended state. An insertion post retraction spring is provided between the base and the vertical insertion post to drive the vertical insertion post to retract into the cabin. This ensures that when a lateral collision occurs and the swing arm and the vertical insertion post disengage, the vertical insertion post is ejected by the insertion post retraction spring, preventing the vertical insertion post from automatically re-inserting between the swing arms after the swing arm closes. This improves the reliability of preventing electrical fires after a collision.
[0012] Preferably, the structure maintaining the extended state of the insert includes a pin, a horizontal through hole in the cabin, and a blocking hole in the vertical insert. When the pin passes through both the horizontal through hole and the blocking hole, the vertical insert remains in the extended state, with the outer end of the pin extending beyond the outer surface of the cabin. When the vertical insert is inserted between the swing arms and the pin is pulled out, the vertical insert automatically retracts after a collision causes it to break, thus reliably preventing secondary closure.
[0013] Preferably, the cabin body is provided with a vertical sliding hole, and the upper end of the vertical insertion post is provided with a sliding post that slides through the vertical sliding hole. The upper end of the vertical sliding hole is provided with a large-diameter section, and a positioning step is formed between the large-diameter section and the vertical sliding hole. The upper end of the sliding post is provided with an outward flange. When the outward flange is hooked onto the positioning step, the blocking hole is aligned with the horizontal through hole. This allows for easy alignment of the horizontal through hole with the blocking hole.
[0014] Preferably, the conductive sheet of the insertion post is connected to the conductive core located inside the vertical insertion post. The conductive core is exposed on the upper end face of the sliding post, and the power input wire of the battery compartment extends into the large-diameter section and is welded to the portion of the conductive core exposed on the end face of the sliding post. This avoids interference from the wires with the movement of the vertical insertion post.
[0015] Preferably, the inner side of the longitudinal beam is provided with a support plate, and both sides of the battery compartment are provided with several connecting lugs that overlap the support plate. Each connecting lug has a laterally extending connecting groove that extends through the upper and lower surfaces of the connecting lug. Battery compartment fixing bolts pass through the connecting grooves and are threaded onto the support plate, thus fixing the connecting lug to the support plate. In the event of a lateral collision and lateral deformation of the longitudinal beam, the support plate can generate a relative lateral displacement equivalent to the connecting lugs, thereby preventing the battery compartment from being crushed. This improves safety.
[0016] Preferably, both sides of the two crossbeams are provided with vertically penetrating bent guide grooves, and the connection points of the two longitudinal sliding rods with the crossbeams are located between two laterally distributed bent guide grooves on the same crossbeam. This improves the reliability of the swing rod and the vertical insert detaching during longitudinal collisions.
[0017] Preferably, the longitudinal beam includes a front section and a rear section. The front end of the front section is connected to the rear surface of the front crossbeam and the rear end is connected to the front surface of the rear longitudinal beam. The front end of the rear section is connected to the rear surface of the rear crossbeam and the rear end is connected to the front surface of the rear bumper. This design allows the longitudinal beam to withstand large longitudinal impact forces even when the connection force between the crossbeam and the longitudinal beam is small.
[0018] With the above solution, the new energy vehicle used in this invention can be completely powered off when subjected to a large impact force from the front, rear, left, or right, thus avoiding the problem of fire caused by short circuits and improving the rescue efficiency and safety of the new energy vehicle in the event of a car accident. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a top view of the present invention with the cabin removed; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A top view of a partially enlarged schematic diagram at point B; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 C-C sectional view; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point D.
[0020] In the diagram: 1. Wheel; 2. Battery compartment; 3. Power cord; 4. Front safe; 5. Rear bumper; 6. Longitudinal beam; 7. Crossbeam; 8. Longitudinal slide bar; 9. Longitudinal force transmission bar; 10. Front section of longitudinal beam; 11. Rear section of longitudinal beam; 12. Support plate; 13. Connecting ear; 14. Connecting groove; 15. Battery compartment fixing bolt; 16. Base support; 17. Cabin; 18. Longitudinal clearance groove; 19. Vertical insertion post; 20. Lateral push rod; 21. Fixing rod; 37. Longitudinal hinge shaft; 22. Swing rod; 23. Conductive plate of swing rod part; 24. Conductive plate of insertion post part; 25. Swing rod closing spring; 26. Hook head; 27. Insertion post extension state maintenance structure; 28. Insertion post retraction spring; 29. Pin; 30. Horizontal through hole; 31. Blocking hole; 32. Slide post; 33. Large diameter section; 34. Outer flange; 35. Conductive core; 36. Bending guide groove. Detailed Implementation
[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0022] The terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, used in the specification and claims of this invention are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such as a method or product that includes a series of technical features, not necessarily limited to those technical features explicitly listed, but may also include other technical features that may be included in the method or product but not explicitly listed.
[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the technical features defined by terms such as "first" and "second" which have a sequential concept are only used to clearly describe the defined technical features and to clearly distinguish the defined technical features from other technical features, and do not represent that they are named in this way in actual implementation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0024] See Figures 1 to 5An electric vehicle with automatic power-off capability upon collision includes wheels 1, a frame supported on the wheels, and a battery compartment 2 connected to the frame. The battery compartment stores batteries and has a power cable 3 detachably connected to the batteries to supply power to the motor. The frame includes a front bumper 4, a rear bumper 5, two longitudinal beams 6 connected to the rear bumper at their rear ends, two crossbeams 7 connecting the two longitudinal beams, a longitudinal slide bar 8 connecting the two crossbeams, and two longitudinal force transmission rods 9 connected at their rear ends to the front side of the crossbeam located at the front. The front bumper is connected to the front ends of the two longitudinal force transmission rods, and the two longitudinal force transmission rods are aligned with the two longitudinal slide bars. The battery compartment is slidably connected to the longitudinal slide bars. The longitudinal beams include a front section 10 and a rear section 11. The front end of the front section is connected to the rear surface of the crossbeam located at the front, and the rear end is connected to the front surface of the longitudinal beam located at the rear. The front end of the rear section is connected to the rear surface of the crossbeam located at the rear, and the rear end is connected to the front surface of the rear bumper. The battery compartment is fixed to the two longitudinal beams on both sides. Specifically, the inner side of the longitudinal beams is provided with a support plate 12, and the lateral sides of the battery compartment are provided with several connecting ears 13 that overlap the support plate. The connecting ears are provided with transversely extending connecting grooves 14 that penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the connecting ears. Battery compartment fixing bolts 15 pass through the connecting grooves and are threaded onto the support plate to fix the connecting ears to the support plate. A collision power-off switch is provided inside the battery compartment. The collision power-off switch is used to stop the battery from supplying power to the electric vehicle when the frame is subjected to a collision in the front, rear, left, or right directions.
[0025] The battery compartment includes a base 16 and a housing 17 detachably connected to the base. The battery is installed inside the housing during use. A longitudinal clearance groove 18 is provided on the bottom wall of the battery compartment. The collision power-off switch includes a vertical post 19, two transverse push rods 20 with one end fixed to each of the two longitudinal beams, and two fixing rods 21 with one end fixed to each of the two longitudinal sliding rods. The other ends of the two fixing rods are hinged to the lower ends of two swing rods 22 via longitudinal hinge pins 37. The upper ends of the swing rods are located within the longitudinal clearance grooves, and the lower ends of the two swing rods are located between and aligned with the two transverse push rods. The inner side of the swing rods has a conductive plate 23 for introducing electricity to the motor. The vertical post has two conductive plates 24 connected to the power lines of the battery compartment. The vertical post is connected to the housing, and when the two swing rods are in the closed state, the vertical post can be inserted between the two swing rods. The swing arms clamp the vertical plug, and the conductive plates on the swing arm sections of the two swing arms abut against the conductive plates on the plug sections one-to-one. When the fixed rod moves toward the swing arms, it drives the swing arms to swing around the longitudinal hinge axis, causing the conductive plates on the swing arm sections to separate from the conductive plates on the plug sections. When a longitudinal collision occurs, the longitudinal slide bar moves longitudinally relative to the battery compartment, thereby disengaging the swing arms from the vertical plugs and cutting off the power; when a lateral collision occurs, the lateral push rod drives the swing arms to open, thereby disengaging the swing arms from the vertical plugs and cutting off the power.
[0026] A swing arm closing spring 25, with the swing arm and drive swing arm aligned with the vertical insertion post along a longitudinal hinge axis, prevents the vertical insertion post from being inserted longitudinally between the two swing arms when they are in the closed state under the action of the spring. The swing arms have inverted steps, and the vertical insertion post has hooks 26. When the cabin is connected to the base and the vertical insertion post is located between the two swing arms, the hooks engage with the inverted steps, preventing the vertical insertion post from being pulled out from between the swing arms. The vertical insertion post is retractably connected to the lower surface of the cabin, and the cabin has an insertion post extension state maintaining structure 27 that keeps the vertical insertion post in the extended state. An insertion post retraction spring 28, which drives the vertical insertion post to retract into the cabin, is located between the base and the vertical insertion post. The structure maintaining the extended position of the insertion post includes a pin 29, a horizontal through hole 30 in the housing, and a blocking hole 31 in the vertical insertion post. When the pin is simultaneously inserted into both the horizontal through hole and the blocking hole, the vertical insertion post remains in the extended position, with the outer end of the pin extending beyond the outer surface of the housing. A vertical sliding hole is provided inside the housing. A sliding post 32, which slides through the vertical sliding hole, is located at the upper end of the vertical insertion post. A large-diameter section 33 is located at the upper end of the vertical sliding hole, forming a positioning step between the large-diameter section and the vertical sliding hole. An outwardly flanged edge 34 is located at the upper end of the sliding post. When the outwardly flanged edge is engaged with the positioning step, the blocking hole aligns with the horizontal through hole. The conductive sheet of the insertion post is connected to the conductive core 35 located inside the vertical insertion post. The conductive core is exposed on the upper end face of the sliding post. The power input wire of the battery compartment extends into the large-diameter section and is welded to the portion of the conductive core exposed on the end face of the sliding post. Both sides of the two crossbeams are provided with vertically penetrating bending guide grooves 36, and the connection points of the two longitudinal sliding rods with the crossbeams are located between two horizontally distributed bending guide grooves on the same crossbeam.
Claims
1. A collision-triggered self-disconnecting electric vehicle, comprising wheels, a frame supported on the wheels, and a battery compartment connected to the frame, wherein the battery compartment stores a battery and is provided with a power cable detachably connected to the battery for supplying power to a motor, characterized in that, The frame includes a front bumper, a rear bumper, two longitudinal beams connected to the rear bumper at the rear end, two crossbeams connecting the two longitudinal beams, a longitudinal sliding rod connecting the two crossbeams, and two longitudinal force transmission rods connected to the front side of the crossbeam at the rear end. The front bumper is connected to the front end of the two longitudinal force transmission rods, and the two longitudinal force transmission rods are aligned with the two longitudinal sliding rods. The battery compartment is slidably connected to the longitudinal sliding rods, and both sides of the battery compartment are fixed to the two longitudinal beams. A collision power-off switch is provided inside the battery compartment, which is used to stop the battery from supplying power to the electric vehicle when the frame is subjected to a collision in the front, rear, left, or right directions. A longitudinal clearance groove is provided on the bottom wall of the battery compartment. The collision power-off switch includes a vertical insert and two rods, one end of which is fixed to the two longitudinal beams in a corresponding manner. The beam has a transverse push rod and two fixed rods, one end of which is fixed to the two longitudinal sliding rods. The other ends of the two fixed rods are hinged to the lower ends of the two swing rods through longitudinal hinge shafts. The upper end of the swing rod is located in the longitudinal clearance groove, and the lower end of the two swing rods is located between the two transverse push rods and aligned with them. The inner side of the swing rod is provided with a swing rod part conductive plate for introducing electricity to the motor. The vertical insertion post is provided with two insertion post part conductive plates connected to the power line of the battery compartment. The swing rod clamps the vertical insertion post, and the swing rod part conductive plates of the two swing rods abut against the two insertion post part conductive plates in a corresponding manner. When the transverse push rod moves toward the swing rod, it can drive the swing rod to swing around the longitudinal hinge shaft, causing the swing rod part conductive plates to separate from the insertion post part conductive plates.
2. The collision self-power-off electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rocker arm and the drive rocker arm are aligned with a rocker arm closing spring that moves towards the vertical insertion post along the longitudinal hinge axis. When the two rocker arms are in the closed state under the action of the spring, they can prevent the vertical insertion post from inserting longitudinally between the two rocker arms. This design allows the two rocker arms to automatically close after a collision that causes longitudinal movement and separation, preventing the vertical insertion post from re-inserting between the rocker arms after a secondary, reverse collision and thus avoiding a reconnection of electricity, further improving safety during collisions.
3. The collision self-power-off electric vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The battery compartment includes a base and a housing detachably connected to the base. When in use, the battery is installed in the housing. The clearance groove is provided on the base. The vertical insertion post is connected to the housing. When the two swing arms are in the closed state, the vertical insertion post can be inserted between the two swing arms.
4. The collision self-power-off electric vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vertical insertion post is retractably connected to the lower surface of the cabin. The cabin is provided with an insertion post extension state maintenance structure to keep the vertical insertion post in the extended state. An insertion post retraction spring is provided between the base and the vertical insertion post to drive the vertical insertion post to retract into the cabin. The insertion post extension state maintenance structure includes a pin, a horizontal through hole in the cabin, and a blocking hole in the vertical insertion post. When the pin passes through both the horizontal through hole and the blocking hole, the vertical insertion post is kept in the extended state, and the outer end of the pin extends out of the outer surface of the cabin.
5. The collision self-power-off electric vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cabin body is provided with a vertical sliding hole, and the upper end of the vertical insertion post is provided with a sliding post that slides through the vertical sliding hole. The upper end of the vertical sliding hole is provided with a large diameter section, and a positioning step is formed between the large diameter section and the vertical sliding hole. The upper end of the sliding post is provided with an outward flange. When the outward flange is hooked onto the positioning step, the blocking hole is aligned with the horizontal through hole.
6. The collision self-power-off electric vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conductive sheet of the insertion post is connected to the conductive core located inside the vertical insertion post. The conductive core is exposed on the upper end face of the slide post. The power lead of the battery compartment extends into the large diameter section and is welded to the part of the conductive core exposed on the end face of the slide post.
7. The collision self-power-off electric vehicle according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The inner side of the longitudinal beam is provided with a support plate. Both sides of the battery compartment are provided with several connecting ears that overlap the support plate. The connecting ears are provided with transversely extending connecting grooves that penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the connecting ears. The battery compartment fixing bolts pass through the connecting grooves and are threaded onto the support plate to fix the connecting ears to the connecting plate.
8. The collision self-power-off electric vehicle according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, Both of the two crossbeams are provided with vertically penetrating bending guide grooves on both the front and rear sides. The connection points of the two longitudinal sliding rods with the crossbeams are located between two horizontally distributed bending guide grooves on the same crossbeam.
9. The collision self-power-off electric vehicle according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The longitudinal beam includes a front section and a rear section. The front end of the front section is connected to the rear surface of the front crossbeam and the rear end is connected to the front surface of the rear longitudinal beam. The front end of the rear section is connected to the rear surface of the rear crossbeam and the rear end is connected to the front surface of the rear bumper.