Bacillus atrophaeus GTW-1 and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of biocontrol microorganisms, and discloses bacillus atrophaeus GTW-1 and application thereof. The invention provides a heat-resistant strain GTW-1 which is separated from a healthy wheat plant in a wheat disease parcel in Hebei Handan Greenhouse, the heat-resistant strain GTW-1 is classified and named as bacillus atrophaeus, and the preservation number of the heat-resistant strain GTW-1 is CGMCC No.36676. The heat-resistant strain GTW-1 is named as bacillus atrophaeus. The strain GTW-1 disclosed by the invention is high in control effect, and the control effect on the wheat powdery mildew caused by the Blumeria brucellosis f.sp. Tritici of the gramineous Blumeria brucellosis is 92.89%; the compound also has a relatively high prevention effect of 92.21% on wheat scab caused by fusarium graminearum schw., and the compound also has a relatively high prevention effect of 92.21% on wheat scab caused by fusarium graminearum schw. The strain provided by the invention has the advantages of lasting drug effect, difficult generation of drug resistance and environmental friendliness, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biocontrol microorganisms, specifically relating to Bacillus turbinii GTW-1 and its applications. Background Technology

[0002] *Brucea balsamina*, a member of the Poaceae family, is an obligate parasitic fungus that causes powdery mildew in wheat. Wheat powdery mildew primarily infects wheat leaves through airborne conidia, leading to the formation of white lesions. Wheat powdery mildew occurs worldwide. In 1981, an outbreak of powdery mildew occurred in China, resulting in a 5-10% yield reduction in infected fields, with severely affected fields suffering losses exceeding 30%. In the late 1970s, wheat powdery mildew was prevalent in Henan, Shandong, and other provinces outside of southwestern China. Its damage subsequently expanded northward, becoming prominent in some areas of Hebei Province, where by 1990 the disease had been found in 75% of wheat-growing areas by 2023. In 2023, wheat powdery mildew became very widespread in North China, causing a 20-30% reduction in wheat yield. The pathogen has a short reproductive cycle (7-10 days per generation) and its genome changes rapidly, making it susceptible to fungicide resistance through mutation or genetic recombination.

[0003] Fusarium head blight in wheat is caused by various Fusarium fungi, with *Fusarium graminearum* being the dominant species. It can occur from the seedling stage to the heading stage, causing seedling rot, stem base rot, stalk rot, and ear rot, with ear rot being the most damaging. Fusarium head blight occurs worldwide, and the strain caused by *Fusarium graminearum* generally causes large-scale damage. It is mainly distributed in humid and rainy environments, frequently occurring in southern China, such as the winter wheat areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Sichuan-Yunnan winter wheat area, the South China winter wheat area, and the spring wheat area of ​​the Sanjiang Plain in Northeast my country. It is particularly prevalent in the Yangtze River basin and coastal areas, gradually spreading to northern wheat-growing regions.

[0004] In wheat production, powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight are mainly controlled by chemical methods. However, this method has the following problems: (1) Limited selection of agents. Although recommended agents such as prothioconazole and tebuconazole are effective against both diseases, Fusarium head blight requires "spraying when flowers appear" during the heading and flowering stage, while powdery mildew relies more on early intervention. If the timing of application is not appropriate, it may lead to delays in the control of the disease. (2) Risk of drug resistance. Long-term use of triazole agents (such as triadimefon and tebuconazole) can easily lead to drug resistance in pathogens. (3) Influence of environmental conditions. Early rain followed by increased humidity can easily trigger the spread of powdery mildew. Timely application of pesticides at this time is more effective against powdery mildew. However, Fusarium head blight requires application under dry climatic conditions (such as after heading and flowering stage) for better results. The use of biocontrol microorganisms for biological control of plant diseases has received increasing attention due to its advantages such as dual-effect, high efficacy, long-lasting effect, low risk of drug resistance, and environmental friendliness.

[0005] Currently, the main biocontrol microorganisms used to control wheat powdery mildew caused by *Brucella gramineus* (a member of the Poaceae family) are *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* CC09, which shows an indoor inhibition rate of 86.75%, but a field control efficacy of only 39.74%. For controlling wheat scab caused by *Fusarium gramineus*, the main biocontrol microorganism is *Bacillus subtilis*, which also shows an indoor inhibition rate of 86.75% and a field control efficacy of 75%-83%. Due to the existence of different diseases in different ecological environments and at different growth stages, it is essential to continuously screen for biocontrol bacteria that can control different diseases under corresponding environmental conditions in order to address the problem effectively. Bacillus is a dominant species in the natural environment, capable of colonization and growth, producing various antibacterial active substances. Its stress resistance and heat resistance are beneficial for product development, and its good safety profile makes it easy to scale up production, making it an important resource for developing microbial fungicides. Therefore, screening for Bacillus species with strong antagonistic activity that can simultaneously control wheat powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight may be an effective means of controlling both wheat powdery mildew caused by Bryophytum graminearum and wheat Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide Bacillus tachycarpa GTW-1 and its applications.

[0007] To achieve the objectives of this invention, in a first aspect, this invention provides a heat-resistant strain GTW-1 isolated from healthy wheat plants in a diseased wheat field in Guantao County, Handan City, Hebei Province, and classified as *Bacillus subtilis*. Bacillus atrophied The specimen is now deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, No. 3, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, China, accession number CGMCC No. 36676, deposited on November 19, 2025.

[0008] Secondly, the present invention provides a microbial inoculant prepared from the aforementioned Bacillus brownii.

[0009] Thirdly, the present invention provides a biocontrol agent prepared from the aforementioned Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0010] Fourthly, the present invention provides any of the following applications of the aforementioned Bacillus subtilis or its inoculum: (1) Used in the preparation of biocontrol agents; (2) Used for Powdery mildew of the Gramineae family ( Blumeria grassinis ) and the prevention and control of plant diseases caused by them; (3) Used for Fusarium graminearum ( Fusarium gramineae ) and the prevention and control of plant diseases caused by them.

[0011] Furthermore, the powdery mildew of the Poaceae family is the wheat-specific type of Powdery Mildew of the Poaceae family (Powdery Mildew). Flower shop grass f.sp. wheat ).

[0012] Furthermore, the *Fusarium graminearum* is *Fusarium graminearum* (…). Fusarium gramineae schw.).

[0013] Furthermore, the plant disease caused by *Brucea purpurea* is wheat powdery mildew.

[0014] Furthermore, the plant disease caused by Fusarium graminearum is wheat scab.

[0015] Furthermore, methods for preventing and controlling plant diseases include spraying plants with bacterial solutions or fermentation liquids of Bacillus subtilis.

[0016] Preferably, the bacterial content of the bacterial solution or fermentation broth is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶. 8 -2×10 8 CFU / mL, preferably about 100 million CFU / mL.

[0017] By employing the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: (I) The strain GTW-1 of this invention has high control efficacy against wheat-specific *Brucea pulverata* (a type of grass). Flower shop grass f.sp. wheat The control efficacy against wheat powdery mildew caused by *Fusarium graminearum* was 92.89%; the control efficacy against *Fusarium graminearum* (…) was also 92.89%. Fusarium grasses It also showed a high control efficacy of 92.21% against wheat scab caused by Schw.

[0018] (ii) It also controls diseases. It has a high control effect on wheat scab caused by *Brucea javanica*, a wheat-specific strain of *Fusarium graminearum*, and wheat scab caused by *Fusarium graminearum*.

[0019] (III) The strain GTW-1 of this invention is a strain selected after being treated at 80℃. It is heat-resistant and can form heat-resistant spores, which is beneficial for product development and production, as well as long-term storage.

[0020] (iv) The strain of the present invention has good drug efficacy, is not prone to drug resistance, and is environmentally friendly, and has good application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 The colony morphology of the strain GTW-1 of this invention is shown.

[0022] Figure 2This is a phylogenetic tree diagram of strain GTW-1 constructed based on the 16S rDNA gene sequence in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a phylogenetic tree diagram constructed based on the gyrB gene sequence of strain GTW-1 in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 The antagonistic effect of strain GTW-1 against wheat-specific powdery mildew in a preferred embodiment of the present invention (left: blank control; right: GTW-1 treatment).

[0025] Figure 5 The antagonistic effect of strain GTW-1 on Fusarium graminearum in a preferred embodiment of the present invention (left: blank control; right: GTW-1 treatment). Detailed Implementation

[0026] To address the problem of controlling both wheat powdery mildew caused by *Brucea granatum* and wheat scab caused by *Fusarium graminearum*, this invention provides a *Bacillus subtilis* GTW-1.

[0027] The present invention provides a microbial agent containing the above-mentioned Bacillus GTW-1.

[0028] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned Bacillus GTW-1 and its inoculum.

[0029] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a Bacillus GTW-1, which is deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) with accession number CGMCC No. 36676.

[0030] This invention also provides the above-mentioned Bacillus dark brown ( Bacillus atrophaeus Application of strain GTW-1 in the control of wheat powdery mildew or wheat scab.

[0031] The present invention also provides a microbial agent containing the above-mentioned Bacillus taurine GTW-1.

[0032] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned microbial agents in the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew or wheat scab.

[0033] The pathogen causing wheat powdery mildew is *Brucea balsamina* wheat-specific strain (of the Poaceae family). Flower shop grass f.sp. wheat ).

[0034] The pathogen causing wheat scab is Fusarium graminearum (Fusarium graminearum). Fusarium gramineae schw.).

[0035] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are all commercially available products.

[0036] Example 1: Screening and isolation of Bacillus subtilis GTW-1 (1) Sample collection: Fresh leaves of wheat plants in Guantao, Handan, Hebei Province were collected. The dust on the surface of the leaves was washed off with sterile water. Then the leaves were disinfected by soaking in 75% alcohol for 1 min and 8% NaClO for 4 min in sequence. The leaves were washed with sterile water 4 times. (2) Separation and screening: Cut the leaves into 1cm×1cm fragments, add water and grind into a paste, let stand for 10 minutes and then spread on LB plates, and place them at 80℃ for 48h. (3) Purification: After the culture has grown, the plate streak separation method is used for purification until a pure culture is obtained.

[0037] Targeting major above-ground diseases of wheat, biocontrol bacteria were screened using the in vitro leaf segment method, plate confrontation method, and field plot experiment method. Ultimately, a wheat-specific strain of *Brucea fulvidracoides* (a type of grass) was selected. Flower shop grass f.sp. wheat Fusarium graminearum ( ), Fusarium graminearum ( Fusarium gramineae A strain of wheat (schw.) that exhibits good combined control of powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight caused by wheat has been named GTW-1 (see colony morphology). Figure 1 ).

[0038] Example 2: Classification and identification of the selected strain GTW-1 in this invention Follow these steps: The genome of strain GTW-1 was extracted using a modified CTAB method. Primers for 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequences were used to amplify GTW-1. The universal primers for the 16S rDNA sequence were 27F and 1492R: 27F: 5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3', 1492R: 5'-CTACGGCTACCTTGTTACGA-3'. The universal primers for the gyrB gene were gyrB-F and gyrB-R: gyrB-F: 5'-TTGRCGGHRGYGGHTATAAAGT-3', gyrB-R: 5'-TCCDCCSTCAGARTCWCCCTC-3'. The PCR products were sequenced by Shanghai Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., and the sequencing results are shown in SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2, respectively. The obtained sequences were analyzed for homology and multiple sequence alignment in the NCBI GenBank database. Based on the alignment results, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA software. Sequences obtained from sequencing were aligned using BLAST. The 16S rDNA and gyrB genes of strain GTW-1 were the most abundant, at 97.39% and 95.24%, respectively, compared to those of *Bacillus subtilis*. This was then combined with a phylogenetic tree diagram. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the GTW-1 strain belongs to the genus *Bacillus*, specifically *Bacillus thuringiensis*. Bacillus atrophaeus Furthermore, the GTW-1 strain is a novel strain of Bacillus thuringiensis, unlike any known strain of Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0039] Example 3: Preparation of biocontrol bacteria fermentation broth The biocontrol bacteria screened in Example 1 were inoculated into 5 mL of liquid LB medium and cultured with shaking at 180 rpm and 30 °C for 18 h. They were then transferred to 200 mL of LB liquid medium at a volume ratio of 1% and cultured with shaking at 180 rpm and 30 °C for 3 days to obtain the fermentation broth. The cell concentration (CFU / mL) in the fermentation broth was calculated using the plate count method.

[0040] Example 4: Antagonistic effect of Bacillus deep brownii GTW-1 against wheat-specific Bacillus brucellosis (a type of grass). The wheat-specific strain of *Brucea purpurea*, preserved in the fungicide application laboratory of the Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences ( Blumeria grassinis f.sp. wheatThe target bacteria were [specific bacteria]. Healthy potted wheat seedlings were inoculated with an excessive amount of fresh white powdery mildew when they had one leaf and one bud, and then cultured in isolation. Four to five days after inoculation, infection points began to appear on the wheat leaves. A 3cm segment of the first leaf was cut off in a clean bench and placed face up on the bottom of a 30cm diameter misting and settling tower. A biocontrol solution with a concentration of 100 million CFU / mL was sprayed, with the spray amount per square centimeter of leaf sufficient to evenly cover the leaf surface (QWJ-150 oil-free silent air compressor, pressure 0.1MPa), approximately 0.01 ml / square centimeter. After drying, the leaf segment was placed face up on an agar plate (containing 0.5% agarose and 0.06 g·L⁻¹ benzimidazole). -1 Five leaflets were placed in each dish, forming one test unit, with four dishes repeated. The experiment was repeated four times. The leaves were cultured under alternating light and darkness for 16 hours and 8 hours at (18±1)℃ for 7 days. The number of infection points on each leaf segment was then investigated. The inhibition rate of each treatment was calculated as follows: Inhibition rate (%) = (1 - average number of infection points on the treated leaf segment / average number of infection points on the control leaf segment) × 100.

[0041] Results: The effectiveness of strain GTW-1 against wheat-specific *Brucea pulveratum* was evaluated through in vitro leaf segment experiments. Blumeria grassinis f.sp. wheat The antagonistic effect of GTW-1 against *Brucea pulverata* wheat-specific strain was 97.28%, indicating that the GTW-1 strain has a high antagonistic effect against this bacterium. Figure 4 ).

[0042] Example 5: Antagonistic effect of Bacillus tachycarpus GTW-1 against Fusarium graminearum Fusarium graminearum (Synthia spp.) preserved in the fungicide application laboratory of the Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Fusarium gramineae The target bacterium was *Fusarium graminearum* (schw.). The antibacterial activity of strain GTW-1 against *Fusarium graminearum* was determined using the plate confrontation method. *Fusarium graminearum* was inoculated onto PDA plates and cultured at 25°C. After the bacteria reached two-thirds of the plate's height, mycelial discs were prepared using a 5mm diameter punch and inoculated into the center of the PDA plate. Simultaneously, GTW-1 bacterial suspension (concentration 10) was spot-inoculated at four corner points approximately 30mm from the center. 6 The above treatments (cfu / mL, 10μL) were used as the experimental group, while plates inoculated only with Fusarium graminearum served as the control group. Each treatment was repeated in 4 replicates. The PDA plates inoculated with each treatment were placed at 25℃ and incubated for 3 days. The diameter of the pathogen colonies in each treatment was measured, and the inhibition rate was calculated using the following formula: Inhibition rate (%) = [(AB) / (A-5)] × 100%, where A is the diameter of the pathogen colonies in the control group and B is the diameter of the pathogen colonies in the experimental group.

[0043] Results: The plate confrontation test was used to evaluate the activity of strain GTW-1 against Fusarium graminearum (…). Fusarium grasses The antagonistic effect of GTW-1 strain against Fusarium graminearum was 90.63%, indicating that GTW-1 strain has a high antagonistic effect against Fusarium graminearum. Figure 5 ).

[0044] Example 6: Field control efficacy and yield increase of strain GTW-1 against wheat powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight. The field efficacy of GTW-1 against wheat powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight was evaluated in severely affected wheat plots in Guantao County, Handan City, Hebei Province. The wheat variety Han 6172 is susceptible to both powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight. This experimental plot has been planted with wheat for consecutive years, and both powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight have occurred annually. The previous crop was maize. The terrain is flat, the soil is loam, and the water and fertilizer conditions are good. The planting density was 380,000 ears per mu (approximately 24,000 ears per hectare), the row spacing was 0.25 m, and the sowing date was October 3, 2023. Cultivation conditions were uniform, and management met the experimental requirements. The main growth stages of the experimental crops were the jointing, grain-filling, and flowering stages of wheat. The experimental plots were randomly arranged. Each plot was 20 m². 2 Four replicates were performed. Application time and frequency: The first foliar spray was conducted on May 5, 2024 (wheat grain-filling stage) when diseased leaves first appeared in the field; the second spray was conducted on May 12; and the third spray was conducted on May 22. Besides the presence of possible sources of inoculum for wheat powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight in the field, to ensure the smooth conduct of the experiment, wheat powdery mildew fungus (specifically *Brucea gramineus* wheat-specific spore powder) was inoculated on April 20, before the first application (the jointing stage is the optimal period for repeated infection by wheat powdery mildew fungus). After the third application, wheat Fusarium head blight fungus suspension was inoculated on May 24, after the flowering stage (the flowering stage is the optimal period for infection by wheat Fusarium head blight fungus). Equipment and application methods: A SeeSa SX-MD16E-2L backpack electric sprayer was used for spraying, ensuring even and thorough spraying. Water was used as a blank control. Apply GTW-1 fermentation broth (concentration of approximately 100 million CFU / mL) at a rate of 45 L / mu.

[0045] Methods and grading standards for wheat powdery mildew survey: Five points were sampled diagonally in each plot, with each point covering 0.25 m. 2Within the plant range, the flag leaf and the first leaf below the flag leaf of each plant were investigated, and the plants were graded according to the percentage of lesions covering the entire leaf area. Grading standards: Grade 0: No lesions; Grade 1: Lesions covering less than 5% of the entire leaf area; Grade 3: Lesions covering 6-10% of the entire leaf area; Grade 5: Lesions covering 11-25% of the entire leaf area; Grade 7: Lesions covering 26-50% of the entire leaf area; Grade 9: Lesions covering more than 50% of the entire leaf area. Investigation time: Pre-application disease baseline survey (May 5th); disease incidence survey 10 days after the second application (May 22nd). Efficacy calculation method: Based on the number of diseased leaves for each treatment and the disease survey results, the disease index and relative control efficacy were calculated. Disease index = ∑(Number of diseased leaves at each level × Relative grade value) / (Total number of surveyed plants × 9) × 100. Control efficacy (%) = [1 - (CK0 × PT1) ÷ (CK1 × PT0)] × 100, where: CK0—disease index before application in the blank control area; CK1—disease index after application in the blank control area; PT0—disease index before application in the drug-treated area; PT1—disease index after application in the drug-treated area.

[0046] Methods and grading standards for wheat scab investigation: Disease incidence was investigated 15 days after three applications of pesticide (June 8th). Five sampling points were used in each plot, with each point surveying all plants within a 0.25m double row. 2 The severity of wheat disease was classified into five levels based on the disease incidence on the wheat ears: Level 0: No disease; Level I: Less than 1 / 4 of all spikelets were diseased; Level II: 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of all spikelets were diseased; Level III: 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of all spikelets were diseased; Level IV: More than 3 / 4 of all spikelets were diseased. The efficacy was calculated as follows: Disease index = 100 × ∑(Number of diseased spikelets at each level × Representative value for each level) / (Total number of spikelets surveyed × Highest representative value). Control effect = (Disease index in the control area - Disease index in the controlled area) / Disease index in the control area × 100%.

[0047] Yield survey: Five sampling points were used in each plot, and all plants within a 0.25m double row were surveyed at each point. 2 Wheat weights were weighed for comparison. Yield comparison calculation method: Yield increase (%) = (Yield sampled in the control area - Yield sampled in the blank control area) / Yield sampled in the blank control area × 100.

[0048] Results: Before treatment, the disease index of strain GTW-1 was 0.79, while that in the control area was 1.01. After treatment, the powdery mildew disease index was 0.24, while that in the control area was 4.29. Its field control efficacy against powdery mildew was 92.89%. The disease index against Fusarium head blight in the GTW-1-treated area was 1.04, while that in the control area was 13.08. Its field control efficacy against Fusarium head blight was 92.21%. The average yield of wheat sampled from the GTW-1-treated area was 3.99 kg, while that in the control area was 3.75 kg, representing an average increase of 6.30%. These results indicate that strain GTW-1 has high field control efficacy against both powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight, and significantly increases wheat yield.

[0049] Example 7: Heat resistance test of Bacillus taurine GTW-1 Strain GTW-1 was inoculated into LB broth and cultured with shaking at 180 rpm and 30°C for 3 days (until microscopic examination showed >90% free spores). The bacterial cells were collected by centrifugation and resuspended in sterile water. Residual vegetative cells were killed by heat shock (80°C water bath for 15 minutes), and the concentration was adjusted after cooling. 1 ml of spore suspension was taken and treated in water baths at 80°C, 90°C, and 95°C for 0 (control), 30, and 60 minutes, respectively. After cooling in an ice bath, the suspension was diluted, plated onto LB agar plates, and incubated at 30°C for 48 hours before counting.

[0050] Calculate the survival rate: Survival rate (%) = (CFU / mL after heat treatment / CFU / mL of control before heat treatment) × 100% Log inactivation = lg(CFU / mL before heat treatment) - lg(CFU / mL after heat treatment) Table 1. Results of heat resistance test for Bacillus thuringiensis GTW-1

[0051] The results in Table 1 show that strain GTW-1 exhibits extremely strong heat resistance and has the potential to be applied in high-temperature processing.

[0052] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. Bacillus dark brown ( Bacillus atrophaeus GTW-1, accession number CGMCC No. 36676.

2. A microbial inoculum prepared from the Bacillus thuringiensis as described in claim 1.

3. A biocontrol preparation made from the Bacillus thuringiensis as described in claim 1.

4. Any of the following applications of the *Bacillus thuringiensis* or its inoculum according to claim 1: (1) Used in the preparation of biocontrol agents; (2) Used for Powdery mildew of the Gramineae family ( Blumeria graminis ) and the prevention and control of plant diseases caused by them; (3) Used for Fusarium graminearum ( Fusarium graminearum ) and the prevention and control of plant diseases caused by them.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The powdery mildew of the Poaceae family is the wheat-specific type of Powdery Mildew of the Poaceae family ( Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici ).

6. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The Fusarium graminearum is Fusarium graminearum ( Fusarium graminearum schw.).

7. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plant disease caused by the grass family powdery mildew is wheat powdery mildew.

8. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plant disease caused by Fusarium graminearum is wheat scab.

9. The application according to any one of claims 4-8, characterized in that, Methods for preventing and controlling plant diseases include spraying plants with bacterial solutions or fermentation liquids of Bacillus subtilis.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bacterial content of the bacterial solution or fermentation broth is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 -2×10 8 CFU / mL.

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