Electrolytic hydrogen production method and system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an electrolytic hydrogen production method and system.The electrolytic hydrogen production method comprises the steps that the hydrogen production amount of a hydrogen production device is compared with the dynamic hydrogen use requirement of a hydrogen application end, and a comparison result is obtained; the hydrogen production device produces hydrogen based on electric energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device; wherein the hydrogen production amount is calculated based on the electrolytic hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device; the electrolytic hydrogen production power at least comprises the minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power, and the electric energy output power of the nuclear battery device is not less than the minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device; and in response to the comparison result representing that the hydrogen production amount is not equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand, adjusting the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device or the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production amount is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand. Therefore, the hydrogen production amount of the system is dynamically adjusted based on the dynamic hydrogen using demand of the hydrogen application end, and the supply-demand relation can be effectively balanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and to, but is not limited to, an electrolytic hydrogen production method and system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the gradual depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing severity of environmental problems, developing reliable clean energy has become an important way for humanity to solve the energy crisis and a crucial measure to achieve dual-carbon goals. Related technologies utilize electricity generated from a combination of photovoltaic and wind power to electrolyze water and produce hydrogen.

[0003] However, photovoltaic and wind power are constrained by the environment, resulting in unstable power supply. The fluctuation of power supply will cause the electrolyzer to be in an unsteady state of frequent start-stop, which makes the overall control capability of the hydrogen production system poor, thereby reducing the hydrogen production efficiency and the service life of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides an electrolytic hydrogen production method and system. The method uses a nuclear battery device and a photovoltaic device to provide power to the hydrogen production device. The nuclear battery device serves as the main power source, ensuring the electrolytic hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device and preventing the device from stopping hydrogen production due to insufficient power. At the same time, based on the dynamic hydrogen demand of the hydrogen application end, the hydrogen production capacity of the system is dynamically adjusted, which can effectively balance the supply and demand relationship and improve the efficiency of the electrolytic hydrogen production system.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an electrolytic hydrogen production method, applied to a control device of an electrolytic hydrogen production system, the electrolytic hydrogen production system further including a nuclear battery device, a photovoltaic power generation device, and a hydrogen production device; the electrolytic hydrogen production method includes: comparing the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production device with the dynamic hydrogen demand at the hydrogen application end, and obtaining a comparison result; the hydrogen production device produces hydrogen based on the electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device; wherein, the hydrogen production capacity is calculated based on the electrolytic hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device; the electrolytic hydrogen production power includes at least a minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power, and the electrical output power of the nuclear battery device is not less than the minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device; in response to the comparison result indicating that the hydrogen production capacity is not equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand, adjusting the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device or the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production capacity equals the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0006] In the above embodiments, the output power of the nuclear battery device meets the minimum hydrogen production power requirement of the hydrogen production device, providing a stable power supply for the hydrogen production device, avoiding repeated start-ups and shutdowns, extending the operating time of the hydrogen production device, reducing equipment aging caused by start-ups and shutdowns, and improving the service life of the hydrogen production device. Furthermore, based on the dynamic hydrogen demand at the application end, the hydrogen production of the system is dynamically adjusted, effectively balancing the supply and demand of hydrogen, reducing hydrogen venting and waste caused by insufficient demand, not only reducing energy waste and environmental pollution, but also improving the efficiency of the electrolysis hydrogen production system through dynamic hydrogen production.

[0007] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic power generation device includes at least photovoltaic modules and a dynamic shading plate. The nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device are respectively connected to the hydrogen production device via an electronic power conversion device. The electronic power conversion device is used to convert the output current and output voltage generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device to obtain the voltage and current corresponding to the hydrogen production device. Adjusting the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device or the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand includes: adjusting the position of the dynamic shading plate in response to the hydrogen production being greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand, or changing the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device based on the electronic power conversion device to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand; and reducing the dynamic hydrogen demand in response to the hydrogen production being less than the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0008] In the above embodiments, the supply and demand dynamic balance of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is maintained, which not only improves the efficiency of hydrogen energy utilization, but also allows the electrolyzer of the hydrogen production device to operate under normal load without overloading. At the same time, dynamic balance can ensure that the production and supply of hydrogen matches the actual demand, avoiding resource waste and surplus, which is particularly important for responding to sudden demand or seasonal demand changes.

[0009] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production system further includes a hydrogen storage device connected to the hydrogen production unit; adjusting the output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit or the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand includes: in response to the hydrogen production being greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand, determining the excess amount of excess hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit, and comparing the current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device with a first hydrogen storage threshold to obtain a first hydrogen storage comparison result; based on the first hydrogen storage comparison result, storing the excess hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device or reducing the output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand; in response to the hydrogen production being less than the dynamic hydrogen demand, comparing the current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device with a second hydrogen storage threshold to obtain a second hydrogen storage comparison result; based on the second hydrogen storage comparison result, transferring the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device to the hydrogen application end or reducing the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0010] In the above embodiments, the hydrogen storage device can store excess hydrogen and then transfer the stored hydrogen to the hydrogen application end when needed, thereby balancing the supply and demand relationship and alleviating the pressure of hydrogen production.

[0011] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic power generation device includes at least photovoltaic modules and a dynamic shading plate, and the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device are respectively connected to the hydrogen production device based on an electronic power conversion device; based on a first hydrogen storage comparison result, storing excess hydrogen in a hydrogen storage device or reducing the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device includes: adjusting the position of the dynamic shading plate in response to the first hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than or equal to a first hydrogen storage threshold, or changing the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device based on the electronic power conversion device to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device; and storing excess hydrogen in a hydrogen storage device in response to the first hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is less than a first hydrogen storage threshold.

[0012] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production method further includes: in response to a first hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than or equal to a first hydrogen storage threshold, and the electrolytic hydrogen production system is configured with an energy storage device connected to an electronic power conversion device, determining the current energy storage capacity of the energy storage device; in response to the current energy storage capacity being less than the first energy storage threshold of the energy storage device, storing excess electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device into the energy storage device based on the electronic power conversion device until the current energy storage capacity is equal to the first energy storage threshold; and in response to the current energy storage capacity being greater than or equal to the first energy storage threshold, adjusting the position of the dynamic shading plate, or changing the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device based on the electronic power conversion device to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device.

[0013] In the above embodiments, excess electricity is stored by an energy storage device for unforeseen needs. When hydrogen production is insufficient, the electricity is released for hydrogen production, which can realize the effective use of electricity. This not only improves the utilization rate of renewable energy, but also enhances the peak-shaving capability of the electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0014] In some embodiments, based on the second hydrogen storage comparison result, transferring the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device to the hydrogen application end or reducing dynamic hydrogen demand includes: in response to the second hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than the second hydrogen storage threshold, transferring the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device to the hydrogen application end until the current hydrogen storage amount is equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold; and in response to the second hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is less than or equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold, reducing dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0015] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production method further includes: in response to a second hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage is less than or equal to a second hydrogen storage threshold, and the electrolytic hydrogen production system is configured with an energy storage device connected to an electronic power conversion device, determining the current energy storage capacity of the energy storage device; in response to the current energy storage being greater than the second energy storage threshold of the energy storage device, transferring electrical energy from the energy storage device to the hydrogen production device to increase the electrolytic hydrogen production power until the current energy storage is equal to the second energy storage threshold; and in response to the current energy storage being less than or equal to the second energy storage threshold, reducing dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0016] In the above embodiments, excess electricity is stored by an energy storage device for unforeseen needs, and when hydrogen production is insufficient, electrical energy is released for hydrogen production, which can realize the effective use of electricity and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy.

[0017] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electrolytic hydrogen production system, which includes at least: a nuclear battery device connected to a hydrogen production device for generating electrical energy based on a radioactive source; a photovoltaic power generation device connected to the hydrogen production device for generating electrical energy based on visible light; a hydrogen production device for producing hydrogen based on the electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device; and a control device connected to the hydrogen production device and the photovoltaic power generation device for comparing the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production device with the dynamic hydrogen demand at the hydrogen application end to obtain a comparison result; in response to the comparison result indicating that the hydrogen production capacity is not equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand, adjusting the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device or the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production capacity equals the dynamic hydrogen demand; wherein, the hydrogen production capacity is calculated based on the electrolytic hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device; the electrolytic hydrogen production power includes at least a minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power, and the electrical output power of the nuclear battery device is not less than the minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power.

[0018] In the above embodiments, the output power of the nuclear battery device meets the minimum hydrogen production power requirement of the hydrogen production device, providing a stable power supply for the hydrogen production device, avoiding repeated start-ups and shutdowns, extending the operating time of the hydrogen production device, reducing equipment aging caused by start-ups and shutdowns, and improving the service life of the hydrogen production device. Furthermore, based on the dynamic hydrogen demand at the application end, the hydrogen production of the system is dynamically adjusted, effectively balancing the supply and demand of hydrogen, reducing hydrogen venting and waste caused by insufficient demand, not only reducing energy waste and environmental pollution, but also improving the efficiency of the electrolysis hydrogen production system through dynamic hydrogen production.

[0019] In some embodiments, the nuclear battery device includes at least a transducer material for absorbing energy from a radioactive source to generate electrical energy; the photovoltaic power generation device includes at least a photovoltaic module for absorbing energy from visible light to generate electrical energy; wherein the transducer material and the photovoltaic module may be made of the same or different materials. If they are made of the same materials, the transducer material of the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic module of the photovoltaic power generation device are integrated into the same structure, or the transducer material and the photovoltaic module are two independent structures.

[0020] In the above embodiments, having the same structure for the transducer material and the photovoltaic module can not only improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, but also reduce inherent losses and lower the cost of the module.

[0021] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production system further includes an electronic power conversion device; the electronic power conversion device is connected to the nuclear battery device, the photovoltaic power generation device and the hydrogen production device respectively, and is used to convert the output current and output voltage generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device respectively to obtain the voltage and current corresponding to the hydrogen production device; the photovoltaic power generation device includes at least photovoltaic modules and a dynamic shading plate, the dynamic shading plate is used to block the photovoltaic modules when the hydrogen production is greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand, so as to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0022] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production system further includes a hydrogen storage device and an energy storage device; the hydrogen storage device is connected to the hydrogen production device and is used to store excess hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device in the hydrogen storage device when the hydrogen production amount is greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand; the energy storage device is connected to the hydrogen production device and the electronic power conversion device respectively, and is used to store electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device when the current hydrogen storage amount of the hydrogen storage device is greater than or equal to a first hydrogen storage threshold.

[0023] In the above embodiments, excess electricity and excess hydrogen are stored by energy storage devices and hydrogen storage devices for unforeseen needs. When hydrogen production is insufficient, electricity is released to produce hydrogen, which can realize the effective use of electricity. This not only improves the utilization rate of renewable energy, but also enhances the peak-shaving capability of the electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0024] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production system further includes auxiliary devices connected to the hydrogen production device and the control device. The auxiliary devices include at least a heat dissipation device, a gas processing device, and an alarm device. The heat dissipation device is used to dissipate heat from the electrolytic cell when the temperature of the electrolytic cell in the hydrogen production device is greater than a first temperature threshold. The gas processing device is used to perform gas-liquid separation on the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device. The alarm device is used to issue a safety alarm when the purity of the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device is lower than a purity threshold, the temperature of the electrolytic cell is greater than a second temperature threshold, the voltage of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is greater than a voltage threshold, or the current of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is greater than a current threshold. The second temperature threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold.

[0025] In the above embodiments, the heat dissipation device ensures that excess heat is dissipated in a timely manner during the operation of the hydrogen production unit, guaranteeing stable operation, extending the equipment's service life, and improving production efficiency. The gas processing device separates and purifies hydrogen to improve its purity and quality. The alarm device monitors and provides early warnings of potential safety risks in the electrolysis hydrogen production system. When the device detects abnormal data or parameters, the alarm device immediately activates the alarm procedure, notifying relevant personnel for handling, thereby significantly shortening response time and effectively preventing accidents.

[0026] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is an optional structural diagram of the electrolysis hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 This is an optional structural diagram of the electrolysis hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 3 This is an optional process diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 4 This is an optional process diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 5 This is an optional process diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0032] Figure 6This is an optional process diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a system topology diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation strategy of the electrolytic hydrogen production system provided in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limitations on this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] In the following description, references to "some embodiments" refer to a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain. The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit the application.

[0037] Currently, due to the inherent instability of wind and solar resources, the quality of electricity produced by new energy sources is low, requiring frequent grid dispatch and constant participation from traditional energy sources such as thermal power in regulating grid frequency and load. This significantly impacts the performance and energy consumption of thermal power units. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient renewable energy conversion technologies. Utilizing new energy sources for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen can achieve zero carbon emissions, converting fluctuating electrical energy into high-quality hydrogen energy, which can greatly improve the utilization efficiency and reliability of renewable energy. However, the volatility of new energy sources causes electrolyzers to operate in frequent start-ups and shutdowns and in unsteady-state conditions, resulting in poor overall controllability of the hydrogen electrolysis system, thereby reducing hydrogen production efficiency and the lifespan of hydrogen production equipment.

[0038] To address the problems in related technologies where hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water using electricity generated from a combination of photovoltaic and wind power, the unstable power supply caused by environmental constraints leads to frequent start-stop cycles and unsteady operation of the electrolyzer, and the poor controllability of the hydrogen electrolysis system, the inventors, through in-depth research, believe that constructing an electrolysis hydrogen production system can incorporate stable electrical energy to avoid hydrogen production shutdowns due to insufficient power. Furthermore, it allows for dynamic adjustment of the system's hydrogen production based on the dynamic hydrogen demand of the application end, effectively balancing supply and demand and improving the efficiency of the electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0039] Based on the above considerations, this application provides an electrolytic hydrogen production method and apparatus. The electrolytic hydrogen production system includes at least a control device, a nuclear battery device, a photovoltaic power generation device, and a hydrogen production device. The hydrogen production device produces hydrogen based on the electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device. The electrical output power of the nuclear battery device is not less than the minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device. The control device compares the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production device with the dynamic hydrogen demand at the hydrogen application end, and obtains a comparison result. In response to the comparison result indicating that the electrolytic hydrogen production power is not equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand, the control device adjusts the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device or the dynamic hydrogen demand until the electrolytic hydrogen production power equals the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0040] Thus, in this embodiment, the output power of the nuclear battery device meets the minimum hydrogen production power requirement of the hydrogen production device, providing a stable power supply for the hydrogen production device, avoiding repeated start-ups and shutdowns, extending the operating time of the hydrogen production device, reducing equipment aging caused by start-ups and shutdowns, and improving the service life of the hydrogen production device. Furthermore, based on the dynamic hydrogen demand at the application end, the hydrogen production volume of the system is dynamically adjusted, effectively balancing the supply and demand relationship of hydrogen, reducing hydrogen venting and waste caused by insufficient demand, not only reducing energy waste and environmental pollution, but also improving the efficiency of the electrolysis hydrogen production system through dynamic hydrogen production.

[0041] In this embodiment, hydrogen can be used as a fuel cell. Hydrogen fuel cells possess characteristics such as high energy density, low noise, and rapid refueling, making them promising for applications in transportation, energy storage, and other fields. For example, hydrogen fuel cells can be used in electric vehicles, energy storage devices, portable electronic devices, solar energy devices, wind energy devices, emergency backup power supplies, power tools, or electric bicycles, etc. This embodiment does not impose any limitations on this; the specific application can be chosen based on the actual application scenario.

[0042] Hydrogen energy can also be used in the chemical and oil refining industries, such as in metallurgy, ammonia synthesis, methanol production, and coal-to-oil and gas production.

[0043] The technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Figure 1 This is an optional structural diagram of the electrolysis hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ,like Figure 1 As shown, the electrolytic hydrogen production system 10 includes at least a nuclear battery device 101, a photovoltaic power generation device 102, a hydrogen production device 103, and a control device 104.

[0045] In some embodiments, the nuclear battery device 101 is connected (may be electrically connected) to the hydrogen production device 103 for generating electrical energy based on a radioactive source. The photovoltaic power generation device 102 is connected (may be electrically connected) to the hydrogen production device 103 for generating electrical energy based on visible light. The hydrogen production device 103 is used to produce hydrogen gas based on the electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device 101 and the photovoltaic power generation device 102.

[0046] A control device 104, connected to the hydrogen production unit 103 and the photovoltaic power generation unit 102 (which may be a communication connection), is used to compare the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production unit 103 with the dynamic hydrogen demand at the hydrogen application end. The comparison result indicates that the hydrogen production capacity is not equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand, and the output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit 102 or the dynamic hydrogen demand is adjusted until the hydrogen production capacity equals the dynamic hydrogen demand, thus achieving a supply-demand balance in the electrolysis hydrogen production system. The hydrogen production capacity is calculated based on the electrolysis hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production unit 103; the electrolysis hydrogen production power includes at least the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power, and the electrical output power of the nuclear battery unit 101 is not less than the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power.

[0047] Here, the control device 104 can be any one of a programmable logic controller (PLC), a microcontroller, a mid-level computer, or a host computer.

[0048] Here, the hydrogen production unit 103 produces hydrogen through water electrolysis. The hydrogen production unit 103 includes at least an electrolyzer. To ensure that the electrolyzer produces as little waste liquid or other substances that need to interact with the outside world as possible during operation, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer or an anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer using carbonate as the electrolyte can be selected. Pure water is used as the input raw material to electrolyze and generate hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen generated at the cathode inside the electrolyzer is filtered by a post-treatment device and then transported to the hydrogen application end. The oxygen generated at the anode is either directly discharged into the air or stored and then discharged uniformly. Here, the AEM electrolyzer and the PEM electrolyzer ensure that the electrolytic hydrogen production system produces as little waste liquid or other substances that need to interact with the outside world as possible during operation, thus achieving high efficiency, cleanliness, low carbon emissions, and environmental friendliness for the entire electrolytic hydrogen production system.

[0049] Here, the electrical output power of the nuclear battery device 101 is not less than the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device. This not only ensures the purity of the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device 103 by guaranteeing that the electrolysis hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device 103 is always greater than the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power, but also reduces the problem of frequent switching of device operating status caused by the repeated start-up and shutdown of the hydrogen production device 103 due to the electrolysis hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device 103 being less than the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power.

[0050] In the embodiments of this application, the connection can be an electrical connection, a gas pipeline connection, or a communication connection, which can be set according to requirements. The communication connection can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0051] Figure 2 This is an optional structural diagram of the electrolysis hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ,like Figure 2 As shown, the nuclear battery device 101 may include a radioactive source 1011, a transducer structure 1012, and a transducer material 1013. Here, the radioactive source 1011 may be a β-radioactive source, which serves as the energy input source for the nuclear battery device 101. Tritium, 63Ni, 90Sr / 90Y, 147Pm, 147Pr, etc., may be selected as the radioactive source.

[0052] In some embodiments, the transducer structure 1012 and the transducer material 1013 are the basis for energy conversion in the nuclear battery device 101. The transducer structure 1012 can refer to a semiconductor structure used to achieve energy conversion, such as a PN junction, PIN junction, or other semiconductor structures. The transducer material 1013 refers to a semiconductor material that absorbs the energy of radioactive particles in the transducer structure 1012 and converts it into electrical energy. Here, the transducer material 1013 is currently mainly selected from semiconductor materials, including single-crystal silicon, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, silicon carbide, zinc oxide, diamond, etc.

[0053] In some embodiments, the nuclear battery device 101 converts the energy generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. Wide bandgap semiconductor materials help to improve the theoretical limit of the β-radiation photovoltaic effect, the energy conversion efficiency of the nuclear battery, and the radiation resistance of semiconductor transducers. Therefore, perovskite materials with wide bandgap semiconductor characteristics can also be used as transducer materials.

[0054] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic power generation device 102 may consist of a photovoltaic module 1021 and a dynamic shading plate 1022. When the photovoltaic module 1021 receives sunlight, it performs photoelectric conversion through the photovoltaic effect and connects to the hydrogen production device. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 102 and the nuclear battery device 101 exceeds the electrical energy required for hydrogen production, the dynamic shading plate 1022 blocks visible light, thereby reducing the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation device 102.

[0055] In some embodiments, the principle of nuclear battery and photovoltaic power generation are both based on the photovoltaic effect. Therefore, the materials of the energy transducer 1013 and the photovoltaic module 1021 can be the same or different. When the materials are the same, the energy transducer 1013 and the photovoltaic module 1021 can be integrated into the same structure or be two separate structures. For example, if both the energy transducer 1013 and the photovoltaic module 1021 are made of perovskite material, the independent perovskite energy transducer and the perovskite photovoltaic module can be two independent structures that can independently output electrical energy after receiving beta-ray and visible light irradiation, respectively. Alternatively, the perovskite material can be integrated as a whole, that is, a single piece of perovskite material can function as both an energy transducer and a photovoltaic module, receiving both beta-ray and visible light irradiation to integrate and output electrical energy.

[0056] Here, having the same structure for the transducer material and the photovoltaic module can not only improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, but also reduce inherent losses and lower the cost of the module.

[0057] Meanwhile, the strong light absorption capacity of perovskite materials allows for thinner transducer materials and photovoltaic modules, which not only reduces material costs but also expands product forms and application scenarios.

[0058] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production system 10 may further include an electronic power conversion device 105; the electronic power conversion device 105 is connected (may be electrically connected) to the nuclear battery device 101, the photovoltaic power generation device 102 and the hydrogen production device 103 respectively, and is used to convert the output current and output voltage generated by the nuclear battery device 101 and the photovoltaic power generation device 102 respectively to obtain the voltage and current corresponding to the hydrogen production device 103.

[0059] Here, the power electronic converter 105 includes at least a main maximum power point tracking (MPPT) regulation module. The power electronic converter 105 is responsible for connecting the output current and output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device 102 and the nuclear battery device 101 to the MPPT tracking regulation module respectively. The MPPT tracking regulation module determines the maximum power of the photovoltaic power generation device 102 and the nuclear battery device 101 respectively, and then performs power electronic conversion to convert the output current and output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device 102 and the nuclear battery device 101 into DC voltage and current that meet the hydrogen production requirements of the hydrogen production device 103 under the condition of maximum power.

[0060] It should be noted that after the nuclear battery device 101 and the photovoltaic power generation device 102 generate electrical energy, they will form corresponding current and voltage curves. The MPPT tracking and adjustment module can make the power (i.e., the output current multiplied by the output voltage) reach its maximum value by outputting the voltage. Then, the power electronic conversion device 105 determines the voltage and current to be supplied to the hydrogen production device 103 when the power is at its maximum. For example, if the power is 440, the voltage multiplied by the current is determined to be 110 multiplied by 4 or 220 multiplied by 2.

[0061] In some embodiments, the dynamic shading plate 1022 in the photovoltaic power generation device 102 is used to block the photovoltaic module 1021 when the hydrogen production is greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand, so as to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0062] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production system 10 further includes a hydrogen storage device 106 and an energy storage device 107, the energy storage device 107 being configured as needed. The hydrogen storage device 106 is piped to the hydrogen production device 103 and is used to store excess hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device 103 in the hydrogen storage device 106 when the hydrogen production exceeds the dynamic hydrogen demand. The hydrogen storage device 106 can store hydrogen in various forms such as high-pressure gaseous, liquid, or metal oxide.

[0063] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 107 is connected (may be electrically connected) to the hydrogen production device 103 and the electronic power conversion device 105, respectively, for storing electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device 101 and the photovoltaic power generation device 102 when the current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device 103 is greater than or equal to a first hydrogen storage threshold. The energy storage device 107 can refer to a device that stores electrical energy through a medium or device, such as a battery, by converting electrical energy into chemical energy for storage and converting it back into electrical energy for release when the hydrogen production capacity is insufficient.

[0064] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production system 10 further includes an auxiliary device 108 (which may be electrically connected) connected to the hydrogen production device 103 and the control device 104. The auxiliary device includes at least a heat dissipation device, a gas processing device, and an alarm device. The heat dissipation device is used to dissipate heat from the electrolytic cell when the temperature of the electrolytic cell in the hydrogen production device exceeds a first temperature threshold. The gas processing device is used to perform gas-liquid separation on the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device. The alarm device is used to issue a safety alarm when the purity of the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device is lower than a purity threshold, the temperature of the electrolytic cell exceeds a second temperature threshold, the voltage of the electrolytic hydrogen production system exceeds a voltage threshold, or the current of the electrolytic hydrogen production system exceeds a current threshold.

[0065] In some embodiments, the alarm device can be any feasible alarm device such as an audible and visual alarm. The gas handling device can purify hydrogen gas using pressure swing adsorption (PSA), cryogenic adsorption, low-temperature adsorption, or membrane separation technology.

[0066] Here, if the hydrogen production equipment cannot dissipate heat in time, it is prone to damage due to overheating. The heat dissipation device ensures that excess heat can be dissipated in a timely manner during the operation of the hydrogen production unit, ensuring stable operation, extending the service life of the equipment, and improving production efficiency. The gas processing device separates and purifies hydrogen to improve its purity and quality. The alarm device is used to monitor and warn of potential safety risks in the electrolysis hydrogen production system. When the device detects abnormal data or parameters, the alarm device will immediately activate the alarm procedure, notifying relevant personnel to handle the situation, thereby greatly shortening the response time and effectively preventing accidents from occurring.

[0067] The nuclear battery device in the electrolytic hydrogen production system provided in this application embodiment has an output power that meets the minimum hydrogen production power requirement of the hydrogen production device, providing a stable power supply for the hydrogen production device, avoiding repeated start-ups and shutdowns, extending the operating time of the hydrogen production device, reducing equipment aging caused by start-ups and shutdowns, and improving the service life of the hydrogen production device. Furthermore, based on the dynamic hydrogen demand at the application end, the hydrogen production of the system is dynamically adjusted, effectively balancing the supply and demand relationship of hydrogen, reducing hydrogen venting and waste caused by insufficient demand, not only reducing energy waste and environmental pollution, but also improving the efficiency of the electrolytic hydrogen production system through dynamic hydrogen production.

[0068] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production system can be set up in a closed plant. Based on the aforementioned electrolytic hydrogen production system, this application embodiment further provides an electrolytic hydrogen production method, the execution subject of which is the control device of the electrolytic hydrogen production system provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 This is an optional process diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ,like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in this application embodiment can be implemented through steps S301 to S302:

[0069] S301. Compare the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production unit with the dynamic hydrogen demand at the hydrogen application end to obtain the comparison results; the hydrogen production unit produces hydrogen based on the electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit; wherein, the hydrogen production capacity is calculated based on the electrolysis hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production unit; the electrolysis hydrogen production power includes at least the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power, and the electrical energy output power of the nuclear battery unit is not less than the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production unit.

[0070] In this embodiment, the electrolytic hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device refers to the electrical energy consumed in the process of decomposing water into oxygen and hydrogen through electrolysis. The hydrogen production capacity is the amount of hydrogen discharged during the water electrolysis process, which can be expressed as the gas volume (Nm³) per hour under standard conditions. 3 Hydrogen production power is measured in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW), which characterizes the amount of electrical energy required for a hydrogen production unit to carry out the electrolysis reaction per unit time.

[0071] Here, the power range of different types of hydrogen production devices varies. For example, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers in some large projects can reach 3MW, alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production devices have a power of about 5 to 7MW, and anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers with carbonate as electrolyte have a power of about 3kW.

[0072] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production power includes at least the rated operating power of the electrolyzer, the minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power, the maximum operating power of the electrolyzer, and the rated operating current and voltage of the electrolyzer. The rated operating power of the electrolyzer refers to the maximum output power of the electrolyzer under normal operating conditions; the minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power refers to the minimum operating power of the hydrogen production unit; if the power supplied to the hydrogen production unit is less than this power, the hydrogen production unit will experience shutdown or other malfunctions; the maximum operating power of the electrolyzer refers to the maximum power that the electrolyzer can withstand under extreme conditions; and the rated operating current and voltage of the electrolyzer define the current and voltage of the electrolyzer under normal operating conditions.

[0073] In some embodiments, the hydrogen production capacity can be determined based on the electrolysis hydrogen production power and the maximum hydrogen production rate per second of the hydrogen production unit (the conversion formula can be 0.278kW = 0.056Nm). 3 The hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production unit is calculated using the method of calculating the hydrogen production rate per hour (h).

[0074] In some embodiments, hydrogen applications are primarily concentrated in the industrial, transportation, and energy sectors, with industrial hydrogen demand being dominant. Examples include hydrogen fuel cell manufacturing plants, chemical and refining industries. Different industries have varying hydrogen demands, which fluctuate with time and market conditions. Therefore, the dynamic hydrogen demand at these applications is volatile, not static. However, the dynamic hydrogen demand in this embodiment can be predicted by the control device based on historical demand data from the hydrogen applications, and may not be the real-time demand from the hydrogen applications themselves.

[0075] Dynamic hydrogen demand can be measured by the hourly emissions (Nm³) under standard conditions. 3To measure dynamic hydrogen demand and the electrolytic hydrogen production power of a hydrogen production unit, the power output can be measured using the electrolytic hydrogen production power and the maximum hydrogen production rate per second of the hydrogen production unit (the conversion formula is 0.278kW = 0.056Nm³). 3 The hydrogen output of the hydrogen production unit is calculated (electrolysis hydrogen production power / h) and compared with the dynamic hydrogen demand to obtain the comparison results. There are three comparison results: the electrolysis hydrogen production power can be equal to, less than, or greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand. If it is equal to, it means that the current supply and demand of the electrolysis hydrogen production system is balanced and no changes are needed; if it is less than, it means that the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit does not meet the demand of the hydrogen application end; if it is greater than, it means that the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit is in excess.

[0076] S302. In response to the comparison results indicating that the hydrogen production capacity is not equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device or the dynamic hydrogen demand is adjusted until the hydrogen production capacity equals the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0077] In this embodiment, when the hydrogen production rate is not equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand, the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen production device needs to be adjusted. Here, when the hydrogen production rate is greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand, the hydrogen production rate can be reduced. This can be done by reducing the output power of the photovoltaic device, or by reducing the output power of the nuclear battery device, provided that the output power of the nuclear battery device is not less than the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device. When the hydrogen production rate is less than the dynamic hydrogen demand, the dynamic hydrogen demand can be reduced to achieve a supply-demand balance.

[0078] In some embodiments, a hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen and an energy storage device for storing electrical energy may also be configured in the electrolytic hydrogen production system for releasing hydrogen when the hydrogen production is insufficient or storing hydrogen when the hydrogen production is excessive.

[0079] In this embodiment, the output power of the nuclear battery device meets the minimum hydrogen production power requirement of the hydrogen production device, providing a stable power supply to the hydrogen production device, avoiding repeated start-ups and shutdowns, extending the operating time of the hydrogen production device, reducing equipment aging caused by repeated start-ups and shutdowns, and improving the service life of the hydrogen production device. Furthermore, based on the dynamic hydrogen demand at the application end, the hydrogen production volume of the system is dynamically adjusted, effectively balancing the supply and demand relationship of hydrogen, reducing hydrogen venting and waste caused by insufficient demand, not only reducing energy waste and environmental pollution, but also improving the efficiency of the electrolysis hydrogen production system through dynamic hydrogen production.

[0080] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the photovoltaic power generation device includes at least photovoltaic modules and a dynamic shading plate. The nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device are respectively connected to the hydrogen production device based on an electronic power conversion device. The electronic power conversion device is used to convert the output current and output voltage generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device to obtain the voltage and current corresponding to the hydrogen production device. Correspondingly, step S302 can be achieved through steps S3021 to S3022:

[0081] S3021. In response to the hydrogen production exceeding the dynamic hydrogen demand, adjust the position of the dynamic shading plate, or change the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device based on the electronic power conversion device to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device until the hydrogen production equals the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0082] In some embodiments, the function of the dynamic shading plate is to block visible light from reaching the photovoltaic module. When the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production unit exceeds the dynamic hydrogen demand, the control device can adjust the dynamic shading plate to change the range of visible light received on the photovoltaic module, thereby adjusting the output current and output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation unit to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, thereby reducing the electrical energy delivered to the hydrogen production unit and reducing the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production unit until the hydrogen production capacity equals the dynamic hydrogen demand, thus achieving a dynamic balance between supply and demand in the electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0083] S3022. In response to the fact that the hydrogen production is less than the dynamic hydrogen demand, reduce the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0084] In the embodiments of this application, when the hydrogen production capacity of the electrolysis device is less than the dynamic hydrogen demand, the hydrogen demand of downstream applications can be reduced to maintain the dynamic balance between supply and demand of the electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0085] The embodiments of this application maintain a dynamic balance between supply and demand in the electrolytic hydrogen production system. This not only improves the efficiency of hydrogen energy utilization but also allows the electrolyzer of the hydrogen production device to operate under normal load without overloading. At the same time, the dynamic balance ensures that the production and supply of hydrogen match the actual demand, avoiding resource waste and surplus. This is especially important for responding to sudden demand or seasonal demand changes.

[0086] In some embodiments, the electrolytic hydrogen production system further includes a hydrogen storage device connected to the hydrogen production unit for storing hydrogen gas. Figure 4 This is an optional process diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ,like Figure 4 As shown, step S302 can also be achieved through steps S401 to S404:

[0087] S401. In response to the fact that the hydrogen production capacity is greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand, determine the excess amount of excess hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit, and compare the current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage unit with the first hydrogen storage threshold to obtain the first hydrogen storage comparison result.

[0088] In some embodiments, excess refers to the amount of hydrogen produced minus the amount of hydrogen required for dynamic use. The first hydrogen storage threshold may be the maximum hydrogen storage threshold of the hydrogen storage device, which may be set by the technicians themselves and may be 95% of the space of the hydrogen storage device.

[0089] Here, when the hydrogen production exceeds the dynamic hydrogen demand, the excess amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit can be determined, and the current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage unit can be compared with the first hydrogen storage threshold to obtain the first hydrogen storage comparison result. Based on the first hydrogen storage comparison result, it can be determined whether the hydrogen storage unit can store the excess hydrogen.

[0090] S402. Based on the first hydrogen storage comparison results, store the excess hydrogen in a hydrogen storage device or reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0091] Here, the first hydrogen storage comparison result can be whether the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than or less than the first hydrogen storage threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the threshold, it means that the hydrogen storage device can no longer store excess hydrogen, and the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device can be reduced. If it is less than the threshold, it means that the hydrogen storage device can store excess hydrogen, and the excess hydrogen can be stored in the hydrogen storage device.

[0092] S403. In response to the fact that the hydrogen production is less than the dynamic hydrogen demand, the current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device is compared with the second hydrogen storage threshold to obtain the second hydrogen storage comparison result.

[0093] In some embodiments, the second hydrogen storage threshold is the minimum hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device, or it can be set by the technician himself, and can be 5% of the space of the hydrogen storage device.

[0094] If the hydrogen production is less than the dynamic hydrogen demand, it means that the current hydrogen production is insufficient. At this time, it can be determined whether there is previously stored hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device. If so, the previously stored hydrogen can be transferred to the hydrogen application end.

[0095] S404. Based on the second hydrogen storage comparison results, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device is transferred to the hydrogen application end or the dynamic hydrogen demand is reduced until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0096] Here, the second hydrogen storage comparison result can be whether the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than or less than the second hydrogen storage threshold. If it is greater than or equal to the threshold, it means that the hydrogen storage device has stored hydrogen, and the previously stored hydrogen can be transferred to the hydrogen application end. If it is less than the threshold, it means that the hydrogen storage device does not store excess hydrogen, and the dynamic hydrogen demand can be reduced.

[0097] In the embodiments of this application, the hydrogen storage device can store excess hydrogen and then transfer the stored hydrogen to the hydrogen application end when needed, thereby balancing the supply and demand relationship and alleviating the pressure of hydrogen production.

[0098] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic power generation device includes at least photovoltaic modules and dynamic shading panels, and the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device are respectively connected to the hydrogen production device based on an electronic power conversion device. Figure 5 This is an optional process diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ,like Figure 5 As shown, step S402 can also be achieved through steps S501 to S502:

[0099] S501. In response to the first hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage is greater than or equal to the first hydrogen storage threshold, adjust the position of the dynamic shading plate, or change the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device based on the electronic power conversion device to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device.

[0100] Here, if the current hydrogen storage capacity is greater than or equal to the first hydrogen storage threshold, the position of the dynamic shading plate can be adjusted, or the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device can be changed based on the electronic power conversion device to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device.

[0101] In some embodiments, the energy storage device is optional; that is, the electrolysis hydrogen production system may or may not have an energy storage device. When an energy storage device is present, the electrolysis hydrogen production method may further include steps S1 to S3:

[0102] S1. In response to the first hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than or equal to the first hydrogen storage threshold, and the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with an energy storage device connected to the electronic power conversion device, determine the current energy storage capacity of the energy storage device.

[0103] Here, when the current hydrogen storage capacity is greater than or equal to the first hydrogen storage threshold, that is, when the hydrogen storage device can no longer store new hydrogen, and there is an energy storage device connected to the electronic power conversion device in the electrolysis hydrogen production system, the current storage capacity of the energy storage device is determined, that is, the remaining power of the energy storage device (SOC, State of Charge).

[0104] S2. In response to the current energy storage being less than the first energy storage threshold of the energy storage device, the excess electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device is stored in the energy storage device based on the electronic power conversion device until the current energy storage is equal to the first energy storage threshold.

[0105] Here, the first energy storage threshold can be the maximum energy storage capacity of the energy storage device, which can be set by the technicians themselves, or it can be 95% of the energy storage device's total energy storage capacity. If the current energy storage capacity is less than the first energy storage threshold of the energy storage device, it means that the energy storage device can currently store electrical energy. At this time, the excess electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device can be stored in the energy storage device based on the electronic power conversion device until the current energy storage capacity equals the first energy storage threshold.

[0106] S3. In response to the current energy storage being greater than or equal to the first energy storage threshold, adjust the position of the dynamic shading plate, or change the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device based on the electronic power conversion device, so as to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device.

[0107] When the current energy storage is greater than or equal to the first energy storage threshold, the position of the dynamic shading plate is adjusted, or the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device are changed based on the electronic power conversion device, so as to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device and achieve the supply and demand balance of the electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0108] S502. In response to the first hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is less than the first hydrogen storage threshold, the excess hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage device.

[0109] Here, if the first hydrogen storage comparison result indicates that the current hydrogen storage amount is less than the first hydrogen storage threshold, the excess hydrogen will be stored in the hydrogen storage device to achieve a supply and demand balance in the electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0110] In this embodiment, excess electricity is stored by an energy storage device for unforeseen needs. When hydrogen production is insufficient, the electricity is released for hydrogen production, which can realize the effective use of electricity. This not only improves the utilization rate of renewable energy, but also enhances the peak-shaving capability of the electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0111] Figure 6 This is an optional process diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ,like Figure 6 As shown, step S404 can also be achieved through steps S601 to S602:

[0112] S601. In response to the second hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than the second hydrogen storage threshold, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device is transferred to the hydrogen application end until the current hydrogen storage amount is equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold.

[0113] In some embodiments, if the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than the second hydrogen storage threshold, it indicates that the hydrogen storage device has excess hydrogen. In this case, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device can be transferred to the hydrogen application end until the current hydrogen storage amount is equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold.

[0114] S602. In response to the second hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage is less than or equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold, reduce dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0115] In some embodiments, if the current hydrogen storage capacity is less than or equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold and the electrolysis hydrogen production system does not have an energy storage device, the dynamic hydrogen demand can be reduced until a supply-demand balance is achieved.

[0116] In some embodiments, when an energy storage device is present, the electrolytic hydrogen production method may further include steps S11 to S13:

[0117] S11. In response to the second hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is less than or equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold, and the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with an energy storage device connected to the electronic power conversion device, determine the current energy storage capacity of the energy storage device.

[0118] In some embodiments, if the electrolytic hydrogen production system is equipped with an energy storage device connected to an electronic power conversion device, the current stored energy of the energy storage device, i.e., SOC, is determined.

[0119] S12. In response to the current energy storage being greater than the second energy storage threshold of the energy storage device, the electrical energy in the energy storage device is transferred to the hydrogen production device to increase the electrolysis hydrogen production power until the current energy storage is equal to the second energy storage threshold.

[0120] If the current stored energy is greater than the second energy storage threshold of the energy storage device, it means that there is available electrical energy in the energy storage device. At this time, the electrical energy in the energy storage device can be transferred to the hydrogen production device to increase the electrolysis hydrogen production power and increase the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production device until the current stored energy is equal to the second energy storage threshold, at which point the supply of electrical energy will stop.

[0121] S13. In response to the current energy storage being less than or equal to the second energy storage threshold, reduce dynamic hydrogen demand.

[0122] In some embodiments, when the current energy storage is less than or equal to a second energy storage threshold, the dynamic hydrogen demand is reduced to achieve a supply-demand balance in the electrolytic hydrogen production system.

[0123] This application embodiment stores excess electricity through an energy storage device for unforeseen needs. When hydrogen production is insufficient, the electricity is released for hydrogen production, thus achieving efficient use of electricity and improving the utilization rate of renewable energy.

[0124] The descriptions of the apparatus embodiments above are similar to those of the method embodiments above, and have similar beneficial effects. In some embodiments, the functions or modules included in the apparatus provided in this disclosure can be used to perform the methods described in the method embodiments above. For technical details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments of this application, please refer to the descriptions of the method embodiments of this application for understanding.

[0125] The following will describe an exemplary application of the embodiments of this application in a real-world application scenario.

[0126] Hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water using photovoltaic and wind power. However, photovoltaic and wind power are subject to environmental constraints, resulting in unstable power. The fluctuation of power causes the electrolyzer to frequently start and stop and operate in an unsteady state, which makes the overall controllability of the hydrogen production device poor, thereby reducing the hydrogen production efficiency and the service life of the equipment.

[0127] This application provides an electrolytic hydrogen production system that combines a micro nuclear battery with perovskite photovoltaics. By integrating a micro nuclear battery and a hydrogen production device, and introducing perovskite as the energy transducer, it can provide a stable energy input through a radiation source, and dynamically adjust the energy according to changes in irradiance through the photovoltaic effect of perovskite, thus better matching the hydrogen production device. The hydrogen production system is also equipped with an energy storage device to effectively store the produced hydrogen to match the hydrogen demand at the end point, and an efficient operating strategy has been developed for the operation of each device in the system.

[0128] In this embodiment, a nuclear battery combined with photovoltaic (PV) electrolysis hydrogen production system is constructed, mainly including a nuclear battery radiation source, a transducer structure and materials, auxiliary structures, a hydrogen production device, a hydrogen storage device, an energy storage device, and a control device. The nuclear battery and PV provide fixed or variable energy input for the hydrogen production device to produce hydrogen through electrochemical reactions. The output power of the nuclear battery meets the minimum hydrogen production power requirements, ensuring the purity of the hydrogen produced by the entire hydrogen production device, while avoiding the need for repeated start-stop cycles and cold / hot standby and operational state switching. The output power of the perovskite PV device is used to dynamically adjust the peak load of the hydrogen production device, regulating the hydrogen production rate at any given time to achieve dynamic matching with the hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen storage device adjusts its own hydrogen storage capacity or the power generation of the perovskite PV in real time based on the dynamic hydrogen demand from downstream hydrogen users and the hydrogen output of the electrolysis hydrogen production system, combined with the SOC value of the hydrogen storage device, to better achieve the safe and stable operation of the hydrogen production system and balance the supply and demand relationship between the hydrogen production system and downstream hydrogen demand.

[0129] In this embodiment, the energy transducer can be a perovskite material. Perovskite materials can be used as energy conversion units in nuclear batteries or as photovoltaic power generation units, thereby simplifying the overall device structure, improving the reuse rate of core materials, and generating significant technical and economic value.

[0130] The electrolyzer can be either a PEM electrolyzer or an AEM electrolyzer using carbonate as the electrolyte, with pure water as the input material. During operation, the electrolytic hydrogen production system should minimize the generation of waste liquid or other substances that need to interact with the outside world, thus achieving high efficiency, cleanliness, low carbon emissions, and environmental friendliness for the entire system.

[0131] This application provides an optional energy storage module that can better convert between electrical energy and hydrogen energy. When the downstream hydrogen demand is much less than the real-time hydrogen production and the SOC of the energy storage device is close to the maximum value, the energy storage module can store the electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery and perovskite components, thereby improving the overall system's energy utilization rate and reducing energy waste.

[0132] This application embodiment uses a dynamic shading plate adjustment method to regulate the power output of the photovoltaic device in real time. Thus, when the power output of the photovoltaic device needs to be reduced, the power regulation can be achieved without additional hardware or software restrictions on the circuit structure under normal system operation.

[0133] Figure 7 This is a system topology diagram of the electrolysis hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the electrolytic hydrogen production system includes at least a nuclear battery device 701, a photovoltaic power generation device 702, a hydrogen production device 703, an auxiliary device 704, a hydrogen storage device 705, an optional energy storage device 706 (i.e., an energy storage device), an electronic power conversion device 707, and a control device 708.

[0134] The nuclear battery device 701 mainly includes a nuclear battery radioactive source 7011, a transducer structure 7012, and a transducer material 7013. Here, the nuclear battery radioactive source 7011 can be a β radioactive source. The β radioactive source serves as the energy input source for the nuclear battery device 701 and can be selected from materials such as tritium, 63Ni, 90Sr / 90Y, 147Pm, and 147Pr. It has advantages such as high specific energy and wide availability. High specific energy means that the nuclear battery device 701 can store more energy for the same weight or volume.

[0135] Here, the energy conversion structure 7012 and the energy conversion material 7013 are the basis for the energy conversion of the nuclear battery device 701. The energy conversion material 7013 is currently mainly selected from semiconductor materials, including single crystal silicon, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, silicon carbide, zinc oxide, diamond, etc.

[0136] In some embodiments, wide-bandgap semiconductor materials help improve the theoretical limit of the β-radiation voltage effect, the energy conversion efficiency of nuclear batteries, and the radiation resistance of semiconductor transducers. Therefore, perovskite materials with wide-bandgap semiconductor characteristics can also be used as transducer materials.

[0137] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic power generation device 702 mainly consists of a perovskite photovoltaic module 7021 and an optional dynamic shading plate 7022 (i.e., a dynamic shading plate). When the perovskite photovoltaic module 7021 receives irradiation (which may be sunlight), it performs photoelectric conversion through the photovoltaic effect and connects to the power electronic conversion device 707, which then connects to the hydrogen production device 703. When the power output of the perovskite photovoltaic exceeds the electrical energy required by the hydrogen production device 703, the visible light irradiating the perovskite photovoltaic module 7021 is blocked by the optional dynamic shading plate 7022, thereby reducing the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation device 702.

[0138] Here, if the nuclear battery energy transducer also uses perovskite, then the photovoltaic power generation device 702 and the nuclear battery device 701 can share the same semiconductor material. Independent perovskite energy transducers and perovskite photovoltaic modules can independently receive beta-ray and visible light irradiation and output electrical energy, respectively. Alternatively, the perovskite material can be integrated as a whole, combining the functions of both an energy transducer and a photovoltaic module for unified output.

[0139] In other words, the transducer material 7013 of the nuclear battery device 701 can be either perovskite or other semiconductor materials. Both nuclear batteries and photovoltaic power generation operate on the photovoltaic effect. Therefore, if perovskite or a semiconductor with a lower band gap than perovskite is used, both visible light and Beta rays emitted from the nuclear battery can excite the photovoltaic effect to achieve photoelectric conversion. If perovskite is chosen for the transducer material 7013, it can be coupled more effectively with the photovoltaic power generation device 702.

[0140] Here, hydrogen production unit 703 produces hydrogen through water electrolysis. To ensure that the electrolyzer produces as little waste liquid or other substances that need to interact with the outside environment as possible during operation, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer or an anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer using carbonate as the electrolyte can be selected, using pure water as the input feedstock to generate hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen generated at the cathode inside the electrolyzer is filtered by a post-treatment device and then transported to the hydrogen storage unit 705, while the oxygen generated at the anode is either directly vented or stored and then vented uniformly.

[0141] In some embodiments, the auxiliary device 704 is a supporting facility for the nuclear battery device 701 and the hydrogen production device 703, such as heat dissipation (e.g., heat dissipation of the electrolyzer; if the electrolytic hydrogen production system is very large, an energy storage device 706 can be optionally installed, and the nuclear battery device 701 also needs heat dissipation), gas post-processing (to achieve gas-liquid separation of hydrogen, drying and filtration, and treatment of water vapor in the hydrogen), safety alarm (e.g., overvoltage, overcurrent, or overtemperature of the entire device, or the hydrogen purity or oxygen purity of the electrolyzer not meeting the standards), etc., to ensure that the electrolytic hydrogen production system can maintain normal operation.

[0142] The hydrogen storage unit 705 primarily stores the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit 703, and can be in various forms such as high-pressure gaseous, liquid, or metal oxide. The hydrogen storage unit 705 has upper and lower limits for the state of charge (SOC) to match the upstream hydrogen production volume with the downstream hydrogen consumption demand.

[0143] The optional energy storage device 706 can be an electrochemical energy storage device, which can be configured according to needs. When the electricity generated by photovoltaic and nuclear batteries exceeds the downstream hydrogen demand and the hydrogen storage SOC has reached the upper limit, or the hydrogen storage SOC has reached the lower limit but the power input cannot meet the hydrogen demand, the optional energy storage device 706 can flexibly adjust the power input and output, thereby making the entire electrolysis hydrogen production system more efficient and flexible.

[0144] The power electronic conversion device 707 includes at least a main maximum power point tracking (MPPT) regulation module. The power electronic conversion device 707 is responsible for connecting the electrical energy output from the photovoltaic power generation device 702 and the nuclear battery device 701 to the MPPT tracking regulation module respectively, determining the maximum power, and then performing power electronic conversion to convert the current and voltage into DC voltage and current that meet the requirements of downstream electrolysis hydrogen production under the maximum power condition.

[0145] The control device 708 is the main actuator of the electrolytic hydrogen production system. It can be a host computer used to control and schedule the operation of the entire system, thereby ensuring the balance of the entire system in terms of electricity and hydrogen consumption.

[0146] In the embodiments of this application, the basic boundary conditions (i.e., the ideal conditions for the implementation of the scheme) for the design of the electrolytic hydrogen production system may include the following: 1. Under normal operating conditions, the downstream hydrogen demand power r > the rated power z of the nuclear battery, making the nuclear battery the power base load of the device; 2. The total power of auxiliary devices and control devices is h, then the usable output power of the nuclear battery is p = zh; 3. The selection of the electrolyzer must ensure that the minimum allowable operating power x of the electrolyzer. min ≤p; 4. Maximum input power y of hydrogen storage device输入max =p+q max +t max , t max The output power of the energy storage device. This can be calculated based on the maximum hydrogen production per second (0.278 kW = 0.056 Nm³). 3 / h), maximum output power y 输出max >r. The electrolytic hydrogen production method provided in this application can be implemented not only under the above-mentioned basic boundary conditions, but also under any conditions, that is, it does not limit the applicability of the electrolytic hydrogen production system.

[0147] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation strategy of the electrolysis hydrogen production system provided in this application embodiment, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the system operation strategy is implemented through steps S801 to S815:

[0148] S801, Obtain the power output p of the nuclear battery device.

[0149] S802, Obtain the power output q of the perovskite photovoltaic device.

[0150] Here, when the electrolytic hydrogen production system starts up, the rated power of the nuclear battery device is z, and the usable output power is p. Based on the characteristics of the nuclear battery, this output power serves as the base load of the electrolytic hydrogen production system, ensuring its long-term stable operation. The real-time output power of the perovskite photovoltaic device is q, which is affected by the irradiance at the same time, and varies with 0 ≤ q ≤ q. max The value varies within a certain range. At this point, the energy (i.e., electrical energy) generated by the entire electrolysis hydrogen production system through external means is z + q, and the effective output power is s = p + q. This power is output to the hydrogen production unit for the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen.

[0151] S803. Determine the power of the hydrogen production unit: s = p + q.

[0152] S804. Compare the power s of the hydrogen production unit with the downstream hydrogen demand r.

[0153] Here, if the power s of the hydrogen production unit equals the downstream hydrogen demand r, proceed to step S805; if the power s of the hydrogen production unit exceeds the downstream hydrogen demand r, proceed to step S806; if the power s of the hydrogen production unit is less than the downstream hydrogen demand r, proceed to step S811.

[0154] S805, Maintain the current operating status.

[0155] At a certain moment, the downstream hydrogen demand power is r. When r = s, the effective input energy of the hydrogen production unit is exactly balanced with the demand for hydrogen. At this time, the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit is exactly balanced with the downstream hydrogen demand. The electrolytic hydrogen production system maintains steady-state operation, and the hydrogen input and output of the electrolytic hydrogen production system are balanced.

[0156] S806. Hydrogen is stored through a hydrogen storage device, and the net inflow of the hydrogen storage device is sr.

[0157] When s > r, the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production unit is higher than the downstream hydrogen demand, and there is a surplus of hydrogen production. The amount of hydrogen in the multi-domain is sr. At this time, hydrogen can be stored in the hydrogen storage device, and the net inflow of the hydrogen storage device is sr.

[0158] S807. Compare the current SOC of the hydrogen storage device with the maximum SOC of the hydrogen storage device.

[0159] Here, if SOC 当前 ≥SOC max Execute step S808; if SOC 当前 <SOC max Maintain the current operating status.

[0160] S808. Determine whether the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with an optional energy storage device.

[0161] In some embodiments, SOC max It can be a set threshold, or 90% of the total hydrogen storage capacity, at SOC. 当前 ≥SOC max In this case, it means that the hydrogen storage device is also unable to store excess hydrogen. At this time, it can be determined whether the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with an optional energy storage device to store excess electrical energy.

[0162] Here, if the electrolysis hydrogen production system is not equipped with an optional energy storage device, or the SOC of the energy storage device has reached the upper limit, step S809 is executed; if the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with an optional energy storage device, and the SOC of the energy storage device has not reached the upper limit, step S810 is executed.

[0163] S809. Reduce the power q of the photovoltaic device so that p + q = r.

[0164] Here, if the SOC of the energy storage device has reached its upper limit, but s is still greater than r, the power generation q of the perovskite photovoltaic can be reduced by adjusting the power electronic conversion device so that p + q = r, thus achieving an energy balance state.

[0165] S810, optional energy storage device provides charging power t=sr.

[0166] If an optional energy storage device is configured, and the SOC of the energy storage device has not reached its upper limit, the power generation q of the perovskite will not be adjusted at first. Instead, the power of the sr portion will be stored in the optional energy storage device in the form of electrical energy until the SOC of the energy storage device reaches its upper limit, at which point the power generation of the perovskite will be adjusted.

[0167] Here, if the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with a dynamic shading plate, then when it is necessary to reduce the output power of perovskite photovoltaic power generation, it can be adjusted by reducing the input energy through the dynamic shading plate instead of through a power electronic conversion device.

[0168] S811. Hydrogen is supplied through a hydrogen storage device, and the net outflow of the hydrogen storage device is rs.

[0169] When s < r, the hydrogen production of the electrolysis hydrogen production system is lower than the downstream hydrogen demand, which is insufficient to meet the demand. At this time, the shortfall is rs, which is first made up by the hydrogen storage unit, and the net outflow of the hydrogen storage unit is rs, until the SOC of the hydrogen storage unit is lower than the lower limit.

[0170] S812. Compare the current SOC of the hydrogen storage device with the minimum SOC of the hydrogen storage device.

[0171] Here, if SOC 当前 ≤SOC min Execute step S813; SOC 当前 >SOC min Maintain the current operating status.

[0172] S813. Determine whether the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with an optional energy storage device.

[0173] When the SOC of the hydrogen storage device is below the lower limit, it is determined whether the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with an optional energy storage device.

[0174] S814. Reduce the hydrogen demand r so that s = r.

[0175] If the electrolysis hydrogen production system is not equipped with an optional energy storage device, or if the energy storage SOC has reached the lower limit, then reduce the downstream hydrogen demand r until p + q = r to establish a new equilibrium state.

[0176] S815, optional energy storage device with discharge power t = rs.

[0177] If the device is equipped with an optional energy storage device, and the energy storage device does not reach the lower limit, the energy storage device will make up for the power deficit rs. At this time, the discharge power of the energy storage device is t = rs. This continues until the SOC of the energy storage device is also lower than the lower limit, then the downstream hydrogen demand is reduced by r until p + q = r to establish a new equilibrium state.

[0178] This application embodiment utilizes a nuclear battery and photovoltaic system to provide fixed or variable energy input for an electrolytic hydrogen production system to generate hydrogen through electrochemical reactions. The nuclear battery's output power meets the minimum hydrogen production power requirements, ensuring the purity of the hydrogen produced by the entire hydrogen production unit, while avoiding the need for repeated start-ups and shutdowns, as well as switching between hot and cold backups and operating states. The output power of the perovskite photovoltaic device is used to dynamically adjust the peak load of the hydrogen production unit, regulating the hydrogen production rate at any given moment and achieving dynamic matching with the hydrogen storage unit. The hydrogen storage unit adjusts its own hydrogen storage capacity or the power generation of the perovskite photovoltaic system in real time based on the dynamic hydrogen demand from downstream applications and the hydrogen input from the electrolytic hydrogen production system, combined with the SOC value of the hydrogen storage unit, to better match the relationship between the safe and stable operation of the system and downstream hydrogen demand.

[0179] It should be understood that the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence numbers of the above steps / processes do not imply a sequential order of execution; the execution order of each step / process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application. The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of this application are merely descriptive and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0180] This application uses terms such as "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "front," "back," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships. This is only for the convenience of describing this application and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0181] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application depending on the specific circumstances.

[0182] It should be noted that, in this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0183] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0184] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units; some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Furthermore, the functional units in the embodiments of this application may all be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be a separate unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit may be implemented in hardware or in a combination of hardware and software functional units.

[0185] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and scope of this application are included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis, characterized in that, A control device for an electrolytic hydrogen production system, the electrolytic hydrogen production system further comprising a nuclear battery device, a photovoltaic power generation device, and a hydrogen production device; the electrolytic hydrogen production method comprising: The hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production device is compared with the dynamic hydrogen demand at the hydrogen application end to obtain the comparison results; the hydrogen production device produces hydrogen based on the electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device; wherein, the hydrogen production capacity is calculated based on the electrolysis hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device; the electrolysis hydrogen production power includes at least the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power, and the electrical output power of the nuclear battery device is not less than the minimum electrolysis hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production device; In response to the comparison results indicating that the hydrogen production is not equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device or the dynamic hydrogen demand is adjusted until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

2. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation device includes at least photovoltaic modules and a dynamic shading plate. The nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device are respectively connected to the hydrogen production device based on an electronic power conversion device. The electronic power conversion device is used to convert the output current and output voltage generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device to obtain the voltage and current corresponding to the hydrogen production device. Adjusting the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device or the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production equals the dynamic hydrogen demand includes: In response to the hydrogen production exceeding the dynamic hydrogen demand, the position of the dynamic shading plate is adjusted, or the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device are changed based on the electronic power conversion device to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device until the hydrogen production equals the dynamic hydrogen demand. In response to the hydrogen production being less than the dynamic hydrogen demand, the dynamic hydrogen demand is reduced until the hydrogen production equals the dynamic hydrogen demand.

3. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electrolytic hydrogen production system also includes a hydrogen storage device connected to the hydrogen production device. Adjusting the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device or the dynamic hydrogen demand until the hydrogen production rate equals the dynamic hydrogen demand includes: In response to the hydrogen production exceeding the dynamic hydrogen demand, the excess amount of excess hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device is determined, and the current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device is compared with a first hydrogen storage threshold to obtain a first hydrogen storage comparison result. Based on the first hydrogen storage comparison result, the excess hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage device or the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device is reduced until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand. In response to the fact that the hydrogen production is less than the dynamic hydrogen demand, the current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device is compared with the second hydrogen storage threshold to obtain the second hydrogen storage comparison result. Based on the second hydrogen storage comparison result, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device is transferred to the hydrogen application end or the dynamic hydrogen demand is reduced until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

4. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation device includes at least photovoltaic modules and dynamic shading plates, and the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device are respectively connected to the hydrogen production device based on electronic power conversion devices; Based on the first hydrogen storage comparison result, storing the excess hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device or reducing the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device includes: In response to the first hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage is greater than or equal to the first hydrogen storage threshold, the position of the dynamic shading plate is adjusted, or the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device are changed based on the electronic power conversion device to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device; In response to the first hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is less than the first hydrogen storage threshold, the excess hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage device.

5. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electrolytic hydrogen production method further includes: In response to the first hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than or equal to the first hydrogen storage threshold, and the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with an energy storage device connected to the electronic power conversion device, the current energy storage capacity of the energy storage device is determined. In response to the current energy storage being less than a first energy storage threshold of the energy storage device, the excess electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device is stored in the energy storage device based on the electronic power conversion device until the current energy storage is equal to the first energy storage threshold. In response to the current stored energy being greater than or equal to the first stored energy threshold, the position of the dynamic shading plate is adjusted, or the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic power generation device are changed based on the electronic power conversion device to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device.

6. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, Based on the second hydrogen storage comparison result, transferring the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device to the hydrogen application end or reducing the dynamic hydrogen demand includes: In response to the second hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is greater than the second hydrogen storage threshold, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device is transferred to the hydrogen application terminal until the current hydrogen storage amount is equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold. In response to the second hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage is less than or equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold, the dynamic hydrogen demand is reduced.

7. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electrolytic hydrogen production method further includes: In response to the second hydrogen storage comparison result indicating that the current hydrogen storage amount is less than or equal to the second hydrogen storage threshold, and the electrolysis hydrogen production system is equipped with an energy storage device connected to the electronic power conversion device, the current energy storage capacity of the energy storage device is determined. In response to the current energy storage being greater than the second energy storage threshold of the energy storage device, electrical energy in the energy storage device is transferred to the hydrogen production device to increase the electrolysis hydrogen production power until the current energy storage is equal to the second energy storage threshold. In response to the current energy storage being less than or equal to the second energy storage threshold, the dynamic hydrogen demand is reduced.

8. An electrolytic hydrogen production system, characterized in that, The electrolysis hydrogen production system includes at least: A nuclear battery device, connected to the hydrogen production device, is used to generate electrical energy based on a radioactive source; A photovoltaic power generation device, connected to the hydrogen production device, is used to generate electricity based on visible light; A hydrogen production device for producing hydrogen based on the electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device; A control device, connected to both the hydrogen production unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit, is used to compare the hydrogen production capacity of the hydrogen production unit with the dynamic hydrogen demand at the hydrogen application end, and obtain a comparison result. In response to the comparison result indicating that the hydrogen production capacity is not equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand, the output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit or the dynamic hydrogen demand is adjusted until the hydrogen production capacity equals the dynamic hydrogen demand. The hydrogen production capacity is calculated based on the electrolytic hydrogen production power of the hydrogen production unit. The electrolytic hydrogen production power includes at least a minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power, and the electrical output power of the nuclear battery unit is not less than the minimum electrolytic hydrogen production power.

9. The electrolytic hydrogen production system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The nuclear battery device includes at least a transducer material, which is used to absorb the energy of the radioactive source to generate electrical energy. The photovoltaic power generation device includes at least a photovoltaic module, which is used to absorb the energy of the visible light to generate electrical energy; wherein, the energy transducer material is the same as or different from the photovoltaic module material. If the material is the same, the energy transducer material of the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic module of the photovoltaic power generation device are integrated into the same structure, or the energy transducer material and the photovoltaic module are two independent structures.

10. The electrolytic hydrogen production system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The electrolytic hydrogen production system also includes an electronic power conversion device; The electronic power conversion device is connected to the nuclear battery device, the photovoltaic power generation device and the hydrogen production device respectively, and is used to convert the output current and output voltage generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device respectively to obtain the voltage and current corresponding to the hydrogen production device; The photovoltaic power generation device includes at least a photovoltaic module and a dynamic shading plate. The dynamic shading plate is used to block the photovoltaic module when the hydrogen production is greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand, so as to reduce the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device until the hydrogen production is equal to the dynamic hydrogen demand.

11. The electrolytic hydrogen production system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The electrolytic hydrogen production system also includes a hydrogen storage device and an energy storage device; The hydrogen storage device is connected to the hydrogen production device and is used to store excess hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device in the hydrogen storage device when the hydrogen production amount is greater than the dynamic hydrogen demand. The energy storage device is connected to the hydrogen production device and the electronic power conversion device respectively, and is used to store the electrical energy generated by the nuclear battery device and the photovoltaic power generation device when the current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device is greater than or equal to the first hydrogen storage threshold.

12. The electrolytic hydrogen production system according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that, The electrolytic hydrogen production system also includes auxiliary devices connected to the hydrogen production device and the control device, and the auxiliary devices include at least a heat dissipation device, a gas processing device and an alarm device. The heat dissipation device is used to dissipate heat from the electrolyzer of the hydrogen production device when the temperature of the electrolyzer is greater than a first temperature threshold. The gas processing device is used to perform gas-liquid separation on the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device. The alarm device is used to issue a safety alarm when the purity of the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production device is lower than a purity threshold, the temperature of the electrolyzer is higher than a second temperature threshold, the voltage of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is higher than a voltage threshold, or the current of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is higher than a current threshold; wherein, the second temperature threshold is higher than the first temperature threshold.

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