Self-adaptive pea gravel injection method, injection system, rear corollary equipment and tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The invention provides a pea gravel self-adaptive injection method, an injection system, rear corollary equipment and a tunnel boring machine, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring. According to the invention, the variable quantity of the residual pea gravel quantity in the pea gravel storage tank is detected, so that the pea gravel injection quantity added into the pea gravel pump from the pea gravel storage tank is obtained; an air inlet automatic adjusting valve on an air inlet pipeline connected with the pea gravel pump is controlled to adjust the opening degree of the valve in a self-adaptive mode, so that the air inlet amount is matched with the pea gravel injection amount. The whole control is automatic detection and automatic adjustment, manual participation is not needed, pipe blockage and even pipe explosion of the injection pipeline are avoided, the gas consumption is saved, and the construction cost can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an adaptive gravel injection method, injection system, supporting equipment, and tunnel boring machine, belonging to the field of tunnel boring technology. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of a shield-type TBM, an annular gap will be formed between the tunnel lining segments and the surrounding rock after lining. It is necessary to backfill the gap with gravel in a timely manner to ensure the stability of the structure, so that the tunnel lining segments and the surrounding rock can share the internal and external loads and prevent problems such as misalignment, damage, and vibration of the guide system on the tunnel lining segments.

[0003] The principle of the pea gravel injection system is to transport pea gravel from the storage tank to the various hoppers in the pea gravel injection pump (i.e., pea gravel pump). The pea gravel pump is connected to an air inlet pipe and an injection pipe. Compressed air is blown into the pea gravel pump through the air inlet pipe, thereby spraying the pea gravel into the gap between the pipe segment and the surrounding rock through the injection pipe.

[0004] In existing pea gravel injection systems, the air intake is controlled by manually adjusting a manual valve on the air intake pipeline. The operator adjusts the opening of the manual valve based on the discharge rate of the storage tank, i.e., the amount of pea gravel injected into the pea gravel pump from the storage tank, in order to match the air intake rate with the pea gravel injection rate as much as possible and avoid the injection pipeline from being blocked due to insufficient air intake.

[0005] However, in practice, manual adjustment has a large margin of error, and the spray pipes often become clogged or even burst. Therefore, some on-site operators deliberately open the manual valves to the maximum to avoid accidents. While this avoids the problems of pipe blockage and bursting, it also causes a huge waste of energy and increases construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive gravel injection method to solve the problems in the prior art where relying on manual experience to adjust the air intake volume easily leads to pipe blockage or even pipe bursts, and where some operators directly open the air intake volume to the maximum to avoid accidents, resulting in serious energy waste and increased construction costs. The invention also aims to provide an adaptive gravel injection system to solve the above problems; to provide supporting equipment to solve the above problems; and to provide a tunnel boring machine to solve the above problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the adaptive gravel injection method of this invention adopts the following technical solution: The adaptive injection method for soybean gravel detects changes in the amount of remaining soybean gravel in the storage tank to determine the injection amount of soybean gravel from the storage tank into the soybean gravel pump. By using the ratio between the set air intake volume and the soybean gravel injection volume, the automatic air intake regulating valve on the air intake pipeline connected to the soybean gravel pump is adaptively adjusted to match the air intake volume with the soybean gravel injection volume.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The adaptive injection method of pea gravel of the present invention is a pioneering invention. By detecting the change in the amount of pea gravel remaining in the pea gravel storage tank, the injection amount of pea gravel added from the pea gravel storage tank to the pea gravel pump is known. By controlling the automatic air intake regulating valve on the air intake pipeline connected to the pea gravel pump to adaptively adjust the valve opening based on the ratio between the set air intake volume and the pea gravel injection volume, the air intake volume is matched with the pea gravel injection volume. The entire control is automatic detection and automatic adjustment, without the need for manual intervention. This not only avoids pipe blockage or even pipe bursting in the injection pipeline, but also saves air consumption and reduces construction costs.

[0009] Furthermore, a weighing sensor is used to detect the weight of the pea gravel storage tank, and the change in the weight of the pea gravel storage tank is used to characterize the amount of pea gravel injected.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the adaptive gravel injection system of this invention adopts the following technical solution: The adaptive injection system for soybean gravel includes a soybean gravel storage tank, a soybean gravel pump, and an air intake pipeline connected to the soybean gravel pump. An automatic air intake regulating valve is installed on the air intake pipeline to adjust the valve opening. A detection device is installed on the soybean gravel storage tank to detect the amount of soybean gravel remaining in the tank. Both the detection device and the automatic air intake regulating valve are connected to a control unit. The control unit calculates the amount of soybean gravel injected from the soybean gravel storage tank to the soybean gravel pump based on the change in the amount of soybean gravel remaining in the soybean gravel storage tank. Based on the set ratio between the air intake volume and the soybean gravel injection volume, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to adaptively adjust the valve opening to match the air intake volume with the soybean gravel injection volume.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The adaptive injection system for soybean gravel of the present invention is an improved invention. By installing an automatic intake regulating valve on the intake pipe that can adjust the valve opening, the intake volume can be changed. By installing a detection device on the soybean gravel storage tank to detect the amount of soybean gravel remaining in the tank, and connecting both the detection device and the automatic intake regulating valve to the control unit, the control unit can calculate the amount of soybean gravel injected from the soybean gravel storage tank to the soybean gravel pump based on the change in the amount of soybean gravel remaining in the storage tank. Based on the set ratio between the intake volume and the soybean gravel injection volume, the control unit controls the automatic intake regulating valve to adaptively adjust the valve opening to match the intake volume with the soybean gravel injection volume. The entire control is automatic detection and automatic adjustment, requiring no manual intervention. This not only avoids pipe blockage or even pipe bursting in the injection pipeline, but also saves air consumption and reduces construction costs.

[0012] Furthermore, the detection device is a weighing sensor used to detect the weight of the pea gravel storage tank, so as to characterize the amount of pea gravel injected by the change in the weight of the pea gravel storage tank.

[0013] Furthermore, a lifting conveyor is installed between the inlet of the pea gravel storage tank and the inlet of the pea gravel pump. The inlet end of the lifting conveyor is lower than the outlet end. The pea gravel storage tank is located above the inlet end, and the outlet end is located above the inlet of the pea gravel pump. The outlet end is equipped with a discharge port, and a discharge regulating valve that can adjust the opening of the discharge port is installed at the discharge port.

[0014] Furthermore, the conveyor is a belt conveyor, which includes two horizontal conveying sections of different heights and an inclined conveying section located between the two horizontal conveying sections. The higher horizontal conveying section includes the discharge end, and the lower horizontal conveying section includes the feed end.

[0015] Furthermore, the gravel storage tank is located below the highest point of the lifting conveyor.

[0016] Furthermore, the pea gravel storage tank is located directly above the pea gravel pump inlet to directly supply pea gravel to the pea gravel pump, and a discharge regulating valve is installed at the discharge port at the bottom of the pea gravel storage tank to adjust the discharge port opening.

[0017] Furthermore, the pebble pump is connected to a jetting pipeline, and the end of the jetting pipeline has an injection port pipeline. A vibration sensor is installed on the injection port pipeline. The motor of the pebble pump, the vibration sensor, and the discharge regulating valve are all connected to the control unit. The control unit determines the injection status of the injection port pipeline based on the detection signal of the vibration sensor, and then controls the discharge regulating valve to adaptively adjust the opening of the discharge port based on the injection status. At the same time, the motor speed of the pebble pump is adaptively adjusted based on the opening of the discharge port.

[0018] Furthermore, after the material discharge regulating valve closes the material discharge port and the gravel pump motor stops, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to remain open so that the air intake pipeline continues to supply air, so as to spray out all the remaining gravel in the spray pipeline. When the vibration sensor detects that the vibration signal is weakest and remains unchanged, the control unit then controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to close.

[0019] Furthermore, the pebble pump is connected to an injection line, and a pressure sensor for real-time monitoring of the intake pressure is installed on the intake line. The pressure sensor is connected to the control unit, which determines whether the injection line is blocked and whether the wear parts are damaged based on the detection signal from the pressure sensor. When the intake pressure rises abnormally, it indicates that the injection line is blocked; when the intake pressure drops abnormally, it indicates that the wear parts need to be replaced.

[0020] To achieve the above objectives, the downstream supporting equipment in this invention adopts the following technical solution: The supporting equipment includes a supporting trailer and a pea gravel adaptive injection system mounted on the supporting trailer. The pea gravel adaptive injection system includes a pea gravel storage tank, a pea gravel pump, and an air intake pipeline connected to the pea gravel pump. An automatic air intake regulating valve is installed on the air intake pipeline to adjust the valve opening. A detection device is installed on the pea gravel storage tank to detect the amount of pea gravel remaining in the tank. Both the detection device and the automatic air intake regulating valve are connected to a control unit. The control unit calculates the amount of pea gravel injected from the pea gravel storage tank to the pea gravel pump based on the change in the amount of pea gravel remaining in the pea gravel storage tank. Based on the set ratio between the air intake and the pea gravel injection amount, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to adaptively adjust the valve opening to match the air intake and the pea gravel injection amount.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The supporting equipment of this invention is an improved invention. By installing an automatic air intake regulating valve that can adjust the valve opening on the air intake pipe of the pea gravel adaptive injection system, the air intake volume can be changed. By installing a detection device on the pea gravel storage tank to detect the amount of pea gravel remaining in the tank, and connecting both the detection device and the automatic air intake regulating valve to the control unit, the control unit can calculate the amount of pea gravel injected from the pea gravel storage tank to the pea gravel pump based on the change in the amount of pea gravel remaining in the pea gravel storage tank. Based on the ratio between the set air intake volume and the pea gravel injection volume, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to adaptively adjust the valve opening, so that the air intake volume matches the pea gravel injection volume. The entire control is automatic detection and automatic adjustment, without the need for manual intervention. This not only avoids pipe blockage or even pipe bursting in the injection pipeline, but also saves air consumption and reduces construction costs.

[0022] Furthermore, the detection device is a weighing sensor used to detect the weight of the pea gravel storage tank, so as to characterize the amount of pea gravel injected by the change in the weight of the pea gravel storage tank.

[0023] Furthermore, a lifting conveyor is installed between the inlet of the pea gravel storage tank and the inlet of the pea gravel pump. The inlet end of the lifting conveyor is lower than the outlet end. The pea gravel storage tank is located above the inlet end, and the outlet end is located above the inlet of the pea gravel pump. The outlet end is equipped with a discharge port, and a discharge regulating valve that can adjust the opening of the discharge port is installed at the discharge port.

[0024] Furthermore, the conveyor is a belt conveyor, which includes two horizontal conveying sections of different heights and an inclined conveying section located between the two horizontal conveying sections. The higher horizontal conveying section includes the discharge end, and the lower horizontal conveying section includes the feed end.

[0025] Furthermore, the gravel storage tank is located below the highest point of the lifting conveyor.

[0026] Furthermore, the pea gravel storage tank is located directly above the pea gravel pump inlet to directly supply pea gravel to the pea gravel pump, and a discharge regulating valve is installed at the discharge port at the bottom of the pea gravel storage tank to adjust the discharge port opening.

[0027] Furthermore, the pebble pump is connected to a jetting pipeline, and the end of the jetting pipeline has an injection port pipeline. A vibration sensor is installed on the injection port pipeline. The motor of the pebble pump, the vibration sensor, and the discharge regulating valve are all connected to the control unit. The control unit determines the injection status of the injection port pipeline based on the detection signal of the vibration sensor, and then controls the discharge regulating valve to adaptively adjust the opening of the discharge port based on the injection status. At the same time, the motor speed of the pebble pump is adaptively adjusted based on the opening of the discharge port.

[0028] Furthermore, after the material discharge regulating valve closes the material discharge port and the gravel pump motor stops, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to remain open so that the air intake pipeline continues to supply air, so as to spray out all the remaining gravel in the spray pipeline. When the vibration sensor detects that the vibration signal is weakest and remains unchanged, the control unit then controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to close.

[0029] Furthermore, the pebble pump is connected to an injection line, and a pressure sensor for real-time monitoring of the intake pressure is installed on the intake line. The pressure sensor is connected to the control unit, which determines whether the injection line is blocked and whether the wear parts are damaged based on the detection signal from the pressure sensor. When the intake pressure rises abnormally, it indicates that the injection line is blocked; when the intake pressure drops abnormally, it indicates that the wear parts need to be replaced.

[0030] To achieve the above objectives, the tunnel boring machine of this invention adopts the following technical solution: The tunnel boring machine includes the main unit and supporting equipment. The supporting equipment includes a supporting trailer and a gravel adaptive injection system mounted on the supporting trailer. The gravel adaptive injection system includes a gravel storage tank, a gravel pump, and an air intake pipeline connected to the gravel pump. An automatic air intake regulating valve is installed on the air intake pipeline to adjust the valve opening. A detection device is installed on the gravel storage tank to detect the amount of gravel remaining in the tank. Both the detection device and the automatic air intake regulating valve are connected to the control unit. The control unit calculates the amount of gravel injected from the gravel storage tank to the gravel pump based on the change in the amount of gravel remaining in the gravel storage tank. Based on the set ratio between the air intake and the gravel injection amount, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to adaptively adjust the valve opening to match the air intake and the gravel injection amount.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: The tunnel boring machine of the present invention is an improved invention. By installing an automatic air intake regulating valve that can adjust the valve opening on the air intake pipe of the gravel adaptive injection system, the air intake volume can be changed. By installing a detection device on the gravel storage tank to detect the amount of gravel remaining in the tank, and connecting both the detection device and the automatic air intake regulating valve to the control unit, the control unit can calculate the amount of gravel injected from the gravel storage tank to the gravel pump based on the change in the amount of gravel remaining in the gravel storage tank. Based on the set ratio between the air intake volume and the gravel injection volume, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to adaptively adjust the valve opening to match the air intake volume with the gravel injection volume. The entire control is automatic detection and automatic adjustment, requiring no manual intervention. This not only avoids pipe blockage or even pipe bursting in the injection pipeline, but also saves air consumption and reduces construction costs.

[0032] Furthermore, the detection device is a weighing sensor used to detect the weight of the pea gravel storage tank, so as to characterize the amount of pea gravel injected by the change in the weight of the pea gravel storage tank.

[0033] Furthermore, a lifting conveyor is installed between the inlet of the pea gravel storage tank and the inlet of the pea gravel pump. The inlet end of the lifting conveyor is lower than the outlet end. The pea gravel storage tank is located above the inlet end, and the outlet end is located above the inlet of the pea gravel pump. The outlet end is equipped with a discharge port, and a discharge regulating valve that can adjust the opening of the discharge port is installed at the discharge port.

[0034] Furthermore, the conveyor is a belt conveyor, which includes two horizontal conveying sections of different heights and an inclined conveying section located between the two horizontal conveying sections. The higher horizontal conveying section includes the discharge end, and the lower horizontal conveying section includes the feed end.

[0035] Furthermore, the gravel storage tank is located below the highest point of the lifting conveyor.

[0036] Furthermore, the pea gravel storage tank is located directly above the pea gravel pump inlet to directly supply pea gravel to the pea gravel pump, and a discharge regulating valve is installed at the discharge port at the bottom of the pea gravel storage tank to adjust the discharge port opening.

[0037] Furthermore, the pebble pump is connected to a jetting pipeline, and the end of the jetting pipeline has an injection port pipeline. A vibration sensor is installed on the injection port pipeline. The motor of the pebble pump, the vibration sensor, and the discharge regulating valve are all connected to the control unit. The control unit determines the injection status of the injection port pipeline based on the detection signal of the vibration sensor, and then controls the discharge regulating valve to adaptively adjust the opening of the discharge port based on the injection status. At the same time, the motor speed of the pebble pump is adaptively adjusted based on the opening of the discharge port.

[0038] Furthermore, after the material discharge regulating valve closes the material discharge port and the gravel pump motor stops, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to remain open so that the air intake pipeline continues to supply air, so as to spray out all the remaining gravel in the spray pipeline. When the vibration sensor detects that the vibration signal is weakest and remains unchanged, the control unit then controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to close.

[0039] Furthermore, the pebble pump is connected to an injection line, and a pressure sensor for real-time monitoring of the intake pressure is installed on the intake line. The pressure sensor is connected to the control unit, which determines whether the injection line is blocked and whether the wear parts are damaged based on the detection signal from the pressure sensor. When the intake pressure rises abnormally, it indicates that the injection line is blocked; when the intake pressure drops abnormally, it indicates that the wear parts need to be replaced. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the adaptive injection system for soybean gravel in this invention; Figure 2 This is the logic control diagram of the adaptive injection system for soybean gravel in this invention.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Gravel pump; 2. Inlet pipe; 21. Pressure sensor; 22. Manual inlet regulating valve; 23. Flow meter; 24. Automatic inlet regulating valve; 3. Injection pipe; 31. Inlet pipe; 32. Vibration sensor; 33. Manual injection regulating valve; 4. Pipe segment; 5. Gravel storage tank; 51. Weighing sensor; 6. Belt conveyor; 61. Higher horizontal conveying section; 62. Lower horizontal conveying section; 63. Inclined conveying section; 64. Drop outlet; 65. Drop regulating valve. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the basic concept of this invention is to detect the change in the amount of remaining pea gravel in the pea gravel storage tank to determine the amount of pea gravel injected into the pea gravel pump. By controlling the automatic air intake regulating valve on the air intake pipeline connected to the pea gravel pump according to the set ratio between the air intake volume and the pea gravel injection volume, the valve opening is automatically adjusted to match the air intake volume with the pea gravel injection volume. This achieves automatic detection and automatic adjustment without manual intervention, which not only avoids pipe blockage or even pipe bursting in the injection pipeline, but also saves air consumption and reduces construction costs.

[0043] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0044] Implementation method of the adaptive injection system for soybean gravel in this invention: like Figure 1 As shown, the pea gravel adaptive injection system includes a pea gravel pump 1 and an air intake pipe 2 and an injection pipe 3 connected to the pea gravel pump 1. The pea gravel pump 1 is the power source of the entire system, used to inject pea gravel through the injection pipe 3 into the gap between the pipe segment 4 and the surrounding rock using high-pressure gas introduced through the air intake pipe 2. The pea gravel pump 1 can be any type of pea gravel pump known in the prior art, and its specific structure will not be described in this invention.

[0045] The intake pipe 2 is equipped with a pressure sensor 21, an intake manual regulating valve 22, a flow meter 23, and an intake automatic regulating valve 24. The injection system also includes a control unit (PLC, industrial computer, host computer, etc.) connected to the pressure sensor 21, the flow meter 23, and the intake automatic regulating valve 24.

[0046] Pressure sensor 21 is used to monitor the intake pressure on the intake pipe 2 in real time and feeds the pressure signal back to the control unit. The control unit determines whether the injection pipe 3 is blocked and whether the vulnerable parts (components in the pebble pump 1) are damaged based on the intake pressure. When the intake pressure rises abnormally, it indicates that the injection pipe 3 is blocked; when the intake pressure drops abnormally, it indicates that the vulnerable parts need to be replaced. In these cases, the control unit will issue corresponding fault signals to remind the operator to troubleshoot in time.

[0047] Flow meter 23 is used to detect the air volume in intake line 2 and feeds the detection data back to the control unit. Automatic intake regulating valve 24 can adjust the valve opening to regulate the air volume. Manual intake regulating valve 22 serves as a switch for manually controlling the opening and closing of intake line 2, and can manually close intake line 2 if automatic intake regulating valve 24 fails.

[0048] The injection system also includes a pea gravel storage tank 5 for supplying pea gravel to the pea gravel pump 1. The pea gravel storage tank 5 is equipped with a detection device to monitor the remaining amount of pea gravel in the tank. This detection device is also connected to a control unit. The control unit can calculate the amount of pea gravel injected into the pea gravel pump 1 from the pea gravel storage tank 5 based on the change in the remaining amount of pea gravel in the pea gravel storage tank 5. Based on the set ratio between the air intake and the pea gravel injection amount (i.e., the gas-solid ratio), the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve 24 to adaptively adjust the valve opening, matching the air intake to the pea gravel injection amount. The entire control system is automatic, requiring no manual intervention. This not only avoids blockage or even bursting of the injection pipeline 3 but also saves on air consumption, reducing construction costs.

[0049] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the detection device is a weighing sensor used to detect the weight of the gravel storage tank 5, so that the amount of gravel injected can be characterized by the change in the weight of the gravel storage tank 5, and the detection accuracy is relatively high. In other embodiments, a monitoring device that can monitor the position of the gravel surface in real time, such as a rangefinder or industrial camera, can also be installed in the gravel storage tank 5, and the amount of gravel discharged can be calculated by the change in the position of the surface, thereby characterizing the amount of gravel injected.

[0050] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a lifting conveyor is provided between the inlet of the gravel storage tank 5 and the inlet of the gravel pump 1. The lifting conveyor is used to transport the gravel falling from the gravel storage tank 5 to above the inlet of the gravel pump 1, supplying gravel to the gravel pump 1. The inlet end of the lifting conveyor is lower than the outlet end, the gravel storage tank 5 is located above the inlet end, and the outlet end is located above the inlet of the gravel pump 1. By lifting and conveying the gravel, the arrangement of the gravel storage tank 5 can be facilitated, and the overall height space occupied by the gravel storage tank 5 and the gravel pump 1 can be reduced.

[0051] Specifically, the gravel storage tank 5 is lower than the highest point of the hoisting conveyor, thus occupying less vertical space. In other embodiments, it can also be at the same height as or slightly higher than the highest point of the hoisting conveyor.

[0052] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the lifting conveyor is a belt conveyor 6. The belt conveyor 6 is low in cost and easy to design into multiple sections. Specifically, the belt conveyor 6 includes two horizontal conveying sections of different heights and an inclined conveying section 63 located between the two horizontal conveying sections. The higher horizontal conveying section 61 includes the aforementioned discharge end, and the lower horizontal conveying section 62 includes the aforementioned feed end. This facilitates the arrangement of the pea gravel storage tank 5 and the feeding of pea gravel onto the belt conveyor 6. It also facilitates the setting of a discharge port 64 at the discharge end, and the installation of a discharge regulating valve 65 at the location of the discharge port 64 to adjust the opening of the discharge port.

[0053] In other embodiments, the lifting conveyor can also be a screw conveyor. In this case, the screw conveyor is arranged at an overall inclination. The discharge port 64 is the discharge port of the screw conveyor itself, and the discharge regulating valve 65 is the discharge regulating valve of the screw conveyor itself.

[0054] In the above embodiments, since a lifting conveyor is provided between the inlet of the pea gravel storage tank 5 and the pea gravel pump 1, the real-time discharge volume of the pea gravel storage tank 5 is calculated based on the change in the amount of pea gravel remaining in the pea gravel storage tank. The discharged material is conveyed by the lifting conveyor and eventually enters the pea gravel pump. Therefore, the adjustment of the air intake volume is actually adjusted according to the real-time discharge volume. This part of the material has not yet entered the pea gravel pump at this moment, so the adaptive adjustment of the air intake volume is actually ahead of time. For the pea gravel pump 1, it is equivalent to adjusting the air intake volume in advance according to the amount of pea gravel to be injected.

[0055] In other embodiments, if there is sufficient space within the tunnel, the lifting conveyor can be omitted, and the gravel storage tank 5 can be directly positioned above the inlet of the gravel pump 1 to directly supply gravel to the gravel pump 1. In this case, the discharge port 64 is the discharge port at the bottom of the gravel storage tank 5 itself, and the discharge regulating valve 65 is the discharge regulating valve of the gravel storage tank 5 itself. In this case, the change in the amount of remaining gravel in the gravel storage tank 5 is the amount of gravel directly injected into the gravel pump 1, and the adaptive adjustment of the air intake is instantaneous. Of course, the opening degree of the discharge regulating valve 65 directly affects the amount of gravel injected into the gravel pump 1. Therefore, by adjusting the opening degree of the discharge port through the discharge regulating valve 65, the amount of gravel injected can be directly adjusted, with the most timely and accurate response, preventing the accumulation of gravel at the discharge port.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, a manual injection regulating valve 33 is installed on the injection pipeline 3. The manual injection regulating valve 33 serves as a switch for manually controlling the on / off state of the injection pipeline 3 and is located at one end near the gravel pump 1, i.e., the starting end of the injection pipeline 3.

[0057] The injection pipe 3 has an injection port pipe 31 at its end, which is inserted into the injection port on the pipe segment 4 to inject gravel into the gap between the pipe segment 4 and the surrounding rock. A vibration sensor 32 is installed on the injection port pipe 31. The vibration sensor 32 is used to detect the vibration of the injection port pipe 31 in real time, and the vibration sensor 32 is connected to the control unit to feed back the detected vibration signal to the control unit.

[0058] The vibration of the inlet pipe 31 reflects its injection status, which includes three states: normal injection, almost full, and fully filled. The control unit determines the injection status of the inlet pipe 31 based on the received vibration signal. Initially, the injection of pea gravel is very smooth. As a large amount of gravel flows through the inlet pipe 31 at high speed, it causes strong vibrations. When the pipe is almost full, the injection becomes more difficult, and the amount of gravel flowing through the inlet pipe 31 decreases, resulting in weaker vibrations. Therefore, when the vibration of the inlet pipe 31 changes from strong to weak, it indicates that the inlet pipe 31 has transitioned from normal injection to almost full.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the injection port 31 on segment 4 is not the highest point of segment 4. At the beginning of the injection, the gravel flows smoothly to both sides of the gap. During this process, the vibration of the injection port 31 is relatively strong. As the gravel continues to fill, the gravel will eventually submerge the injection port. After that, the ejection of the gravel will no longer be smooth, and the vibration of the injection port 31 will begin to weaken. Theoretically, when the gap is completely filled, the gravel can no longer be ejected. At this time, the vibration is the weakest and no longer changes.

[0060] Of course, if the gravel pump 1 is still in operation when the gravel can no longer be sprayed, the gravel will clog the spray pipe 3 and the pipe will burst soon. This situation needs to be avoided.

[0061] The discharge regulating valve 65 and the motor of the pea gravel pump 1 are both connected to the control unit. The control unit controls the discharge regulating valve 65 to adaptively adjust the discharge port opening according to the injection state of the injection port pipe 31, and at the same time, it adaptively adjusts the motor speed of the pea gravel pump 1 according to the discharge port opening.

[0062] Specifically, when the control unit determines that the injection port pipe 31 is about to be filled from the normal spraying state based on the detection signal of the vibration sensor 32 changing from strong to weak, it controls the material discharge regulating valve 65 to adaptively reduce the opening of the material discharge port (the opening of the material discharge port can be continuously reduced according to the continuous weakening of the vibration signal, or it can be reduced intermittently, such as once every few seconds), so as to reduce the material discharge speed and reduce the amount of pea gravel supplied to the pea gravel pump 1 by the feeding device, so that the material discharge speed / pea gravel supply is adaptively matched with the current injection state.

[0063] At the same time, the motor speed of the pea gravel pump 1 is adaptively reduced according to the opening of the discharge port (the motor speed can be continuously or intermittently reduced depending on the way the discharge port opening is reduced) to reduce the amount of pea gravel injected into the injection pipe 31. This achieves an adaptive match between the discharge speed / pea gravel supply and the amount of pea gravel injected, avoiding the pipe blockage or even pipe bursting caused by a large amount of pea gravel injected when the filling process is about to be full. This solves the problem of frequent pipe blockage or even pipe bursting on site.

[0064] Furthermore, when the vibration of the injection port pipe 31 weakens from strong to weak for a certain period of time or weakens to a certain value, this certain period of time or the moment when it weakens to a certain value refers to the moment before the gap between the pipe segment and the surrounding rock is filled with gravel. This moment can be estimated by the size of the pipe segment, the size of the gap, the amount of injection, and the change pattern of vibration. In short, at this moment, the material discharge regulating valve 65 closes the material discharge port, and the motor of the gravel pump 1 stops. However, the gap is not completely filled. At this time, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve 24 to remain open so that the air intake pipe 2 continues to supply air, thereby spraying out all the remaining gravel in the injection pipe 3, so as to avoid the gravel remaining in the pipe causing blockage and affecting the smooth spraying of gravel in the next injection.

[0065] Of course, the ideal situation is when all the gravel in the injection pipe 3 is sprayed out and the gap is completely filled. At this time, since the gravel no longer flows through the injection pipe 31, the vibration becomes the weakest and remains unchanged. At this time, the control unit controls the intake automatic regulating valve 24 to close.

[0066] If all the gravel in the spray pipe 3 is sprayed out but the gap is not completely filled, the vibration will become the weakest and remain unchanged because the gravel no longer flows through the injection pipe 31. At this time, the control unit will also close the automatic air intake regulating valve 24. In this case, the gap is almost filled with gravel, and there is still a grouting process to follow, so there will be no substantial impact.

[0067] In practical applications, instead of pre-closing the feed regulating valve and the pebble pump motor, the vibration can be continuously monitored until the vibration signal becomes weakest and remains constant. Then, the feed regulating valve, the pebble pump motor, and the automatic air intake regulating valve 24 can be immediately closed. After disconnecting the injection port pipe 31, the automatic air intake regulating valve 24 can be opened separately to spray the remaining pebble in the injection pipe 3 into a special collection container. Since the opening of the feed regulating valve 65 has become smaller and the motor speed of the pebble pump 1 has also decreased, the amount of pebble remaining in the injection pipe 3 is not large. After a short stop, all the remaining pebble can still be sprayed out.

[0068] The control principle of the pea gravel adaptive injection system in this invention is as follows: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the pea gravel adaptive injection system comprises three control modules ( Figure 2 Each dashed box represents a control module. Before the system starts, the logical relationship between the gas-solid ratio, pipeline injection status and discharge port opening, and the correspondence between the discharge port opening and the speed of the pea gravel pump motor need to be set in advance on the host computer.

[0069] Control Module 1: Weighing sensor 51 detects the weight of the remaining pea gravel in the pea gravel storage tank 5 in real time and feeds the detection signal back to the control unit PLC. The PLC controls the automatic air intake regulating valve 24 to adjust the valve opening according to the gas-solid ratio, thereby controlling the intake volume of high-pressure air. Flow meter 23 detects the intake volume in real time and feeds it back to the PLC. The PLC determines whether it is consistent with the set gas-solid ratio. If it is inconsistent, it will control the automatic air intake regulating valve 24 to adjust the valve opening until the set value is met.

[0070] Control Module 2: Vibration sensor 32 monitors the vibration signal of injection port pipe 31 in real time and feeds it back to PLC. PLC determines the injection status of injection port pipe 31 based on the vibration signal and controls the discharge regulating valve 65 to adjust the discharge port opening, thereby controlling the adaptive matching between the discharge speed and the injection status. PLC then controls the motor speed of the pea gravel pump based on the size of the discharge port opening, thereby achieving an adaptive matching between the discharge speed and the amount of pea gravel sprayed.

[0071] Control Module 3: Pressure sensor 21 monitors the intake pressure in real time and feeds it back to the PLC. The PLC automatically determines whether the pipeline is blocked or whether vulnerable parts need to be replaced based on abnormal increases or decreases in pressure.

[0072] The entire gravel injection system achieves adaptive control through the logic control of the above three modules. The system can adaptively control the material feeding speed, motor speed, and air intake volume according to the PLC control program, and provides fault signals and replacement part reminders. No manual operation is required, solving the current problem of system instability caused by relying entirely on manual experience to adjust material feeding speed, motor speed, and air intake volume, resulting in frequent pipe blockages, pipe bursts, and rapid wear of vulnerable parts. Simultaneously, this invention can improve construction efficiency, reduce construction costs, and accelerate the realization of intelligent, unmanned, and energy-efficient operation in the tunneling machine industry.

[0073] The implementation method of the rear supporting equipment in this invention is as follows: the rear supporting equipment includes a rear supporting trailer and a pea gravel adaptive injection system arranged on the rear supporting trailer. The specific structure and working principle of the pea gravel adaptive injection system are the same as those of the pea gravel adaptive injection system in the above implementation method, and will not be repeated here.

[0074] The implementation method of the tunnel boring machine in this invention is as follows: The tunnel boring machine includes a main unit and a rear supporting equipment. The rear supporting equipment includes a rear supporting trailer and a gravel adaptive injection system arranged on the rear supporting trailer. The specific structure and working principle of the gravel adaptive injection system are the same as those of the gravel adaptive injection system in the above implementation method, and will not be repeated here.

[0075] The implementation method of the adaptive injection method for pea gravel in this invention is as follows: The adaptive gravel injection method, based on the control principle of the aforementioned adaptive gravel injection system, involves detecting changes in the amount of gravel remaining in the gravel storage tank to determine the injection volume of gravel into the gravel pump. By using a pre-set ratio between the air intake volume and the gravel injection volume, the automatic air intake regulating valve on the air intake pipeline connected to the gravel pump adaptively adjusts its opening to match the air intake volume with the gravel injection volume. The entire control system is automated, requiring no manual intervention. This not only prevents pipe blockage or even bursting in the injection pipeline but also saves on air consumption, reducing construction costs.

[0076] Furthermore, a weighing sensor is used to detect the weight of the gravel storage tank. The change in the weight of the gravel storage tank represents the amount of gravel injected, and the detection accuracy is relatively high. In other embodiments, a monitoring device capable of real-time monitoring of the gravel surface position, such as a rangefinder or industrial camera, can be installed inside the gravel storage tank. The amount of gravel discharged is calculated by the change in the surface position, thereby representing the amount of gravel injected.

[0077] Other implementations of the injection method are the same as the control method of the above-described adaptive injection system for pea gravel, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of patent protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims. Similarly, any equivalent structural changes made based on the description and drawings of the present invention shall also be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pea gravel adaptive injection method, characterized in that, By detecting the change in the amount of remaining pea gravel in the pea gravel storage tank, the amount of pea gravel injected into the pea gravel pump from the pea gravel storage tank can be determined. By using the ratio between the set air intake volume and the pea gravel injection volume, the automatic air intake regulating valve on the air intake pipeline connected to the pea gravel pump can be controlled to adaptively adjust the valve opening so that the air intake volume matches the pea gravel injection volume.

2. The adaptive gravel injection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Weighing sensors are used to detect the weight of the pea gravel storage tank, and the change in the weight of the pea gravel storage tank is used to characterize the amount of pea gravel injected.

3. A pea gravel adaptive injection system, comprising a pea gravel storage tank, a pea gravel pump, and an intake pipe connected to the pea gravel pump, characterized in that, An automatic intake regulating valve is installed on the intake pipe to adjust the valve opening. A detection device is installed on the pea gravel storage tank to detect the amount of pea gravel remaining in the tank. Both the detection device and the automatic intake regulating valve are connected to the control unit. The control unit calculates the amount of pea gravel injected from the pea gravel storage tank into the pea gravel pump based on the change in the amount of pea gravel remaining in the pea gravel storage tank. Based on the set ratio between the intake volume and the pea gravel injection volume, the control unit controls the automatic intake regulating valve to adaptively adjust the valve opening so that the intake volume matches the pea gravel injection volume.

4. The adaptive gravel injection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The detection device is a weighing sensor used to detect the weight of the pea gravel storage tank, so as to characterize the amount of pea gravel injected by the change in the weight of the pea gravel storage tank.

5. The pea gravel adaptive injection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A lifting conveyor is installed between the inlet of the pea gravel storage tank and the inlet of the pea gravel pump. The inlet end of the lifting conveyor is lower than the outlet end. The pea gravel storage tank is located above the inlet end, and the outlet end is located above the inlet of the pea gravel pump. The outlet end is equipped with a discharge port, and a discharge regulating valve is installed at the discharge port to adjust the opening of the discharge port.

6. The pea gravel adaptive injection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lifting conveyor is a belt conveyor, which includes two horizontal conveying sections at different heights and an inclined conveying section located between the two horizontal conveying sections. The higher horizontal conveying section contains the discharge end, and the lower horizontal conveying section contains the feed end.

7. The pea gravel adaptive injection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gravel storage tank is below the highest point of the hoisting conveyor.

8. The pea gravel adaptive injection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pea gravel storage tank is located directly above the pea gravel pump inlet to directly supply pea gravel to the pump. A discharge regulating valve is installed at the discharge port at the bottom of the pea gravel storage tank to adjust the discharge port opening.

9. The pea gravel adaptive injection system according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that, The pea gravel pump is connected to a jetting pipe, and the end of the jetting pipe has an injection port pipe. A vibration sensor is installed on the injection port pipe. The motor of the pea gravel pump, the vibration sensor, and the discharge regulating valve are all connected to the control unit. The control unit determines the injection status of the injection port pipe based on the detection signal of the vibration sensor, and then controls the discharge regulating valve to adaptively adjust the opening of the discharge port based on the injection status. At the same time, the motor speed of the pea gravel pump is adaptively adjusted based on the opening of the discharge port.

10. The pea gravel adaptive injection system according to claim 9, characterized in that, in After the material discharge regulating valve closes the material discharge port and the gravel pump motor stops, the control unit controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to remain open so that the air intake pipeline continues to supply air to spray out all the remaining gravel in the spray pipeline. When the vibration sensor detects the weakest vibration signal and it remains unchanged, the control unit then controls the automatic air intake regulating valve to close.

11. The pea gravel adaptive injection system according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that, The pebble pump is connected to an injection line, and a pressure sensor is installed on the intake line to monitor the intake pressure in real time. The pressure sensor is connected to the control unit. The control unit determines whether the injection line is blocked and whether the vulnerable parts are damaged based on the detection signal of the pressure sensor. When the intake pressure rises abnormally, it indicates that the injection line is blocked. When the intake pressure drops abnormally, it indicates that the vulnerable parts need to be replaced.

12. A downstream support system, comprising a downstream support trailer and a gravel adaptive injection system mounted on the downstream support trailer, characterized in that, The pea gravel adaptive injection system is the pea gravel adaptive injection system as described in any one of claims 3 to 11.

13. A tunnel boring machine, comprising a main unit and supporting equipment, the supporting equipment including a supporting trailer and a gravel adaptive injection system arranged on the supporting trailer, characterized in that, The pea gravel adaptive injection system is the pea gravel adaptive injection system as described in any one of claims 3 to 11.

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