Building settlement monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of settlement monitoring, and discloses a building settlement monitoring device and method.The building settlement monitoring device comprises a first laser emitting device, a second laser emitting device, a reflector, a laser receiving device, a receiving device fixing structure, a signal pre-processing module and a signal post-processing module; the first laser device and the second laser device are both mounted on the surface of a building to be monitored; the reflecting mirror is arranged at a preset position on the ground and is positioned on a light path of the obliquely downward laser beam; the laser receiving device is fixed at the top end of the receiving device fixing structure; the input end of the signal pre-processing module is connected with the output end of the laser receiving device, and the output end of the signal pre-processing module is connected with the input end of the signal post-processing module; according to the invention, the settlement and inclination states of the building are monitored at the same time; meanwhile, the problems that manual measurement is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and errors are easily caused by human factors are avoided, and a large amount of manpower and material resource investment is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of settlement monitoring technology, and specifically relates to a building settlement monitoring device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of subway construction, the principles of subway station layout dictate that subway lines often need to pass through sensitive buildings during planning and construction, such as historical buildings, high-rise buildings, or special buildings with extremely high structural safety requirements. These buildings have extremely strict requirements for settlement and tilt control values ​​generated during subway construction. Subway construction, especially shield tunneling, can disturb the surrounding soil during excavation, which may lead to ground settlement and building tilt. Therefore, deformation monitoring of sensitive buildings has become an important part of subway construction.

[0003] Traditional observation methods mainly rely on manually setting up observation points and collecting settlement data through periodic manual measurements. This method is susceptible to human factors and cannot simultaneously monitor the settlement and tilt of a building. Specifically, collecting settlement data through periodic manual measurements is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, requiring a large investment of manpower and resources, but is also easily affected by human factors during the data collection process, leading to measurement errors. More importantly, traditional methods can often only measure the settlement of a building, and cannot directly observe the tilt of the building. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a building settlement monitoring device and method to solve the technical problems that traditional observation methods are easily affected by human factors and cannot simultaneously monitor the settlement and tilt of buildings.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a building settlement monitoring device, comprising a first laser emitting device, a second laser emitting device, a reflector, a laser receiving device, a receiving device fixing structure, a signal preprocessing module, and a signal postprocessing module; Both the first laser device and the second laser device are installed on the surface of the building to be monitored. The first laser device is used to emit a horizontal laser beam, and the second laser device is used to emit a downward-sloping laser beam. The reflector is set at a preset position on the ground and is located in the optical path of the downward-sloping laser beam. The reflector is used to reflect the downward-sloping laser beam to form an upward-sloping laser beam. The laser receiving device is fixed at the top of the receiving device fixing structure. The laser receiving device is used to receive the horizontal laser beam and the upward-tilted laser beam to obtain the first laser landing point light signal and the second laser landing point light signal. The input terminal of the signal preprocessing module is connected to the output terminal of the laser receiving device, and the output terminal of the signal preprocessing module is connected to the input terminal of the signal postprocessing module. The signal preprocessing module is used to convert the first laser landing point light signal and the second laser landing point light signal into digital signals to obtain the first laser landing point digital signal and the second laser landing point digital signal. The signal post-processing module is used to calculate the settlement monitoring result of the building to be monitored using the digital signal of the first laser impact point; the signal post-processing module is also used to calculate the tilt monitoring result of the building to be monitored using the digital information of the second laser impact point.

[0006] Furthermore, both the first laser device and the second laser device include a laser emitter, an emitter mounting plate, and a laser divergence structure; The laser emitter is mounted on the emitter mounting plate, which is fixed to the surface of the building to be monitored. The laser divergence structure is located at the front end of the emitter mounting plate and in front of the emitting end of the laser emitter.

[0007] Furthermore, the laser emitting structure is a concave lens.

[0008] Furthermore, the reflector is horizontally positioned on the ground outside the area affected by the tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction.

[0009] Furthermore, the laser receiving device includes a laser receiver, a receiver protective shell, and a convex lens; The laser receiver is installed inside the receiver protective housing, which is fixed to the top of the receiving device fixing structure; the convex lens is installed on the outside of the receiver protective housing and positioned in front of the receiving end of the laser receiver.

[0010] Furthermore, the signal preprocessing module includes an optical signal converter and an A / D digital converter; The optical signal converter is used to convert the first laser landing point optical signal and the second laser landing point optical signal into electrical signals to obtain the first laser landing point electrical signal and the second laser landing point electrical signal. The A / D digital converter is used to convert the first laser landing point electrical signal and the second laser landing point electrical signal into digital signals to obtain the first laser landing point digital signal and the second laser landing point digital signal.

[0011] Furthermore, the signal post-processing module includes a settlement monitoring calculation module and a tilt monitoring calculation module; The settlement monitoring calculation module is used to calculate the settlement monitoring results of the building to be monitored by using the digital signal of the first laser landing point and based on the principle of absolute horizontal propagation of the horizontal laser beam. The tilt monitoring calculation module is used to calculate the tilt monitoring results of the building to be monitored by using the digital information of the second laser landing point and combining the principle of similar triangles.

[0012] Furthermore, using the digital signal of the first laser impact point, and based on the principle of absolute horizontal propagation of the horizontal laser beam, the process of calculating the settlement monitoring results of the building to be monitored is as follows:

[0013] in, The results of settlement monitoring for the building to be monitored; The vertical position of the first laser landing point light signal on the laser receiving device under the initial reference state; The vertical position of the first laser landing point light signal on the laser receiving device under monitoring conditions.

[0014] Furthermore, the process of calculating the tilt monitoring results of the building under monitoring by utilizing the digital information of the second laser impact point and combining it with the principle of similar triangles is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] in, The results of tilt monitoring of the building to be monitored; This represents the vertical displacement of the second laser beam's impact point signal; The vertical position of the second laser landing point light signal on the laser receiving device under the initial reference state; The vertical position of the second laser impact point light signal on the laser receiving device under monitoring conditions; This refers to the installation height of the second laser emitting device.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring building settlement, utilizing the aforementioned building settlement monitoring device; Methods for monitoring building settlement include: A horizontal laser beam is emitted using the first laser device; A downward-sloping laser beam is emitted using a second laser device; the downward-sloping laser beam is reflected by a mirror to form an upward-sloping laser beam. The horizontal laser beam and the upward-tilted laser beam are received using a laser receiving device to obtain a first laser landing point light signal and a second laser landing point light signal. The first laser landing point light signal and the second laser landing point light signal are converted into digital signals using a signal preprocessing module to obtain the first laser landing point digital signal and the second laser landing point digital signal. The settlement monitoring results of the building to be monitored are calculated based on the digital signal of the first laser impact point using the signal post-processing module. The tilt monitoring results of the building to be monitored are calculated using the signal post-processing module based on the digital information of the second laser impact point.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The building settlement monitoring device provided by this invention emits a horizontal laser beam through a first laser emitting device and a downward-sloping laser beam through a second laser emitting device. The beam is reflected by a reflector to form an upward-sloping laser beam, which is then received by a laser receiving device. In conjunction with a signal preprocessing module, the optical signal is converted into a digital signal. The signal postprocessing module uses the corresponding digital signal to calculate the settlement and tilt monitoring results, thereby realizing the simultaneous monitoring of the building's settlement and tilt status. This effectively overcomes the problem that traditional methods cannot monitor settlement and tilt indicators simultaneously. At the same time, it avoids the problems of time-consuming and labor-intensive manual measurement and the susceptibility to errors caused by human factors, saving a significant amount of manpower and material resources.

[0019] Furthermore, the reflectors are placed outside the area affected by the tunnel boring machine to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data and the continuity of the monitoring data.

[0020] The building settlement monitoring method provided by this invention has all the advantages of the aforementioned building settlement monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the building settlement monitoring device provided in the embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the signal preprocessing module, the signal postprocessing module and the power supply module in the embodiment. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the emission process of a horizontal laser beam or a downward-tilted laser beam in the embodiment. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the receiving process of a horizontal laser beam and an upwardly tilted laser beam in the embodiment. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first laser emitting device in the embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the laser receiving device in the embodiment.

[0022] Among them, 1 is the first laser emitting device, 2 is the second laser emitting device, 3 is the reflector, 4 is the laser receiving device, 5 is the receiving device fixing structure, 6 is the signal transmission line, 7 is the power supply line, 8 is the signal preprocessing module, 9 is the signal postprocessing module, 10 is the power supply module; 11 is the laser emitter, 12 is the emitter fixing plate, 13 is the laser divergence structure; 41 is the laser receiver, 42 is the convex lens; 81 is the optical signal converter, 82 is the A / D digital converter. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects clearer, the following specific embodiments provide a further detailed description of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0024] The present invention provides a building settlement monitoring device, including a first laser emitting device 1, a second laser emitting device 2, a reflector 3, a laser receiving device 4, a receiving device fixing structure 5, a signal preprocessing module 8, and a signal postprocessing module 9.

[0025] Both the first laser device 1 and the second laser device 2 are installed on the surface of the building to be monitored. The first laser device 1 emits a horizontal laser beam, and the second laser device 2 emits a downward-sloping laser beam. The reflector 3 is positioned at a predetermined location on the ground and is located in the optical path of the downward-sloping laser beam. The reflector 3 reflects the downward-sloping laser beam to form an upward-sloping laser beam. The laser receiver 4 is fixed to the top of the receiver fixing structure 5. The laser receiver 4 receives the horizontal laser beam and the upward-sloping laser beam to obtain the first laser impact point light signal and... The second laser impact point light signal; the input terminal of the signal preprocessing module 8 is connected to the output terminal of the laser receiving device 4, and the output terminal of the signal preprocessing module 8 is connected to the input terminal of the signal postprocessing module 9; the signal preprocessing module 8 is used to convert the first laser impact point light signal and the second laser impact point light signal into digital signals to obtain the first laser impact point digital signal and the second laser impact point digital signal; the signal postprocessing module 9 is used to use the first laser impact point digital signal to calculate the settlement monitoring result of the building to be monitored; the signal postprocessing module 9 is also used to use the second laser impact point digital information to calculate the tilt monitoring result of the building to be monitored.

[0026] In the above embodiments, a first laser emitting device and a second laser emitting device are set up. The first laser emitting device is installed on the surface of the building to be monitored and emits a horizontal laser beam. The second laser emitting device is also installed on the building surface and emits a downward-sloping laser beam. A reflector is set at a preset position on the ground, located on the path of the downward-sloping laser beam, to reflect the downward-sloping laser beam and form an upward-sloping laser beam. A laser receiving device is fixed at the top of the receiving device fixing structure and can simultaneously receive the horizontal laser beam and the upward-sloping laser beam to obtain the first laser landing point light signal and the second laser landing point light signal. The settlement of the building can be monitored by using the reception status of the horizontal laser beam, i.e., the first laser landing point light signal, and the tilt of the building can be monitored by using the reception status of the reflected inclined laser beam, i.e., the second laser landing point light signal. This achieves simultaneous monitoring of building settlement and tilt, enabling a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the deformation of the building during subway construction and providing more reliable data support for ensuring building safety.

[0027] In this invention, the first and second laser emitting devices continuously and stably emit lasers, while the laser receiving device receives signals in real time. The signal preprocessing module and the signal postprocessing module quickly process the data and derive monitoring results. Data is acquired by relying on the automated process of laser emission, reflection, and reception. The entire monitoring process is mainly completed automatically by the various components of the device, eliminating the need for extensive manual periodic measurements. This avoids the subjectivity and instability of manual measurements, reduces the impact of human factors on the data, and thus greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data. This provides an efficient, accurate, and practical solution for deformation monitoring of sensitive structures in subway construction.

[0028] Example As attached Figure 1-6 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a building settlement monitoring device, including a first laser emitting device 1, a second laser emitting device 2, a reflector 3, a laser receiving device 4, a receiving device fixing structure 5, a signal transmission module 6, a power supply line 7, a signal preprocessing module 8, a signal postprocessing module 9, and a power supply module 10.

[0029] Both the first laser emitting device 1 and the second laser emitting device 2 are installed on the surface of the building to be monitored. The first laser emitting device 1 is used to emit a horizontal laser beam, and the second laser emitting device 2 is used to emit a downward-sloping laser beam. The horizontal laser beam and the downward-sloping laser beam are both multi-line parallel beams. Preferably, the first laser emitting device 1 is located above the second laser emitting device 2.

[0030] Specifically, the first laser emitting device 1 and the second laser emitting device 2 have similar structures, both including a laser emitter 11, an emitter fixing plate 12, and a laser divergence structure 13; the emitter fixing plate 12 is fixedly installed on the surface of the building to be tested by bolts, and the laser emitter 11 is installed on the emitter fixing plate 12; the laser divergence structure 13 is disposed at the front end of the emitter fixing plate 12 and is placed in front of the emitting end of the laser emitter 11.

[0031] The laser emitter 11 is used to emit a single laser beam. The emitter mounting plate 12 serves as a mounting carrier for the laser emitter 11 and the laser diverging structure 13, so as to fix the laser emitter 11 on the surface of the building under test and to install the laser diverging structure 13 in front of the emitting end of the laser emitter 11. The laser diverging structure 13 is used to refract the single laser beam into several parallel laser beams. The laser emitting structure 13 is a concave lens.

[0032] It should be noted that in the first laser device 1, the laser emitter 11 is horizontally mounted on the emitter fixing plate 12 so that the single laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 11 is a horizontal beam; in the second laser device 2, the laser emitter 11 is inclinedly mounted on the emitter fixing plate 12, and the emitting end of the laser emitter 11 is inclined downward so that the single laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 11 is an inclined downward beam.

[0033] The reflector 3 is horizontally set at a preset position on the ground and is located in the optical path of the downward-sloping laser beam; the reflector 3 is used to reflect the downward-sloping laser beam to form an upward-sloping laser beam; preferably, the reflector 3 is horizontally set on the ground outside the shield tunneling construction influence area.

[0034] The laser receiving device 4 is fixed at the top of the receiving device fixing structure 5. The laser receiving device 4 is used to receive the horizontal laser beam and the upwardly tilted laser beam to obtain the first laser landing point light signal and the second laser landing point light signal. The installation height of the laser receiving device 4 is adapted to the installation height of the first laser device 1.

[0035] Specifically, the laser receiving device 4 includes a laser receiver 41, a receiver protective shell, and a convex lens 42; the receiver protective shell is fixed to the top of the receiving device fixing structure 5 by bolts, and the laser receiver 41 is installed inside the receiver protective shell; wherein, the laser receiver 41 has a square funnel-shaped structure that is larger at the front and smaller at the back, and the receiver protective shell is used to prevent damage to the laser receiver 41 caused by rainwater and other factors; the convex lens 42 is disposed at the front end of the receiver protective shell and is positioned in front of the receiving end of the laser receiver 41.

[0036] The convex lens 42 is used to refract the horizontal laser beam emitted by the first laser device 1 into a single light spot, and also to refract the upward-tilted laser beam reflected by the reflector 3 into several light spots; the receiver protective shell serves as the mounting carrier for the laser receiver 41 and the convex lens 42, so as to fix the laser receiver 41 to the top of the receiving device fixing structure 5 and to install the convex lens 42 in front of the receiving end of the laser receiver 41; the laser receiver 41 is used to receive the light spot after the horizontal laser beam is refracted to obtain the first laser landing point light signal; the laser receiver 41 is also used to receive several light spots after the upward-tilted laser beam is refracted to obtain the second laser landing point light signal.

[0037] The receiving device fixing structure 5 includes a fixing rod and a fixing base. The fixing base is fixed to the ground or a preset foundation surface by bolts, and the fixing rod is vertically fixed to the top center of the fixing base. The receiver protective shell in the laser receiving device 4 is fixed to the top of the fixing rod by bolts, so that the installation height of the laser receiver 41 matches the installation height of the first laser device 1. Preferably, the installation height of the laser receiver 41 is the same as the installation height of the laser emitter in the first laser device 1, that is, they are both located on the same horizontal line.

[0038] The input terminal of the signal preprocessing module 8 is connected to the output terminal of the laser receiving device 4, and the output terminal of the signal preprocessing module 8 is connected to the input terminal of the signal postprocessing module 9. Specifically, the output terminal of the laser receiving device 4 is connected to one end of the signal transmission line 6, and the other end of the signal transmission line 6 is connected to the input terminal of the signal preprocessing module 8. The output terminal of the power supply module 10 is connected to the laser receiver 41, the signal preprocessing module 8, and the signal postprocessing module 9 through the power supply line 7, and is used to provide power to the laser receiver 41, the signal preprocessing module 8, and the signal postprocessing module 9.

[0039] The signal preprocessing module 8 is used to convert the first laser landing point optical signal and the second laser landing point optical signal into digital signals to obtain the first laser landing point digital signal and the second laser landing point digital signal. Specifically, the signal preprocessing module 8 includes an optical signal converter 81 and an A / D digital converter 82. The optical signal converter 81 is used to convert the first laser landing point optical signal and the second laser landing point optical signal into electrical signals to obtain the first laser landing point electrical signal and the second laser landing point electrical signal. The A / D digital converter 82 is used to convert the first laser landing point electrical signal and the second laser landing point electrical signal into digital signals to obtain the first laser landing point digital signal and the second laser landing point digital signal.

[0040] The signal post-processing module 9 is used to calculate the settlement monitoring result of the building to be monitored using the digital signal of the first laser landing point; the signal post-processing module 9 is also used to calculate the tilt monitoring result of the building to be monitored using the digital information of the second laser landing point.

[0041] Specifically, the signal post-processing module 9 includes a settlement monitoring calculation module and a tilt monitoring calculation module; The settlement monitoring calculation module is used to calculate the settlement monitoring results of the building under test using the digital signal of the first laser impact point, based on the principle of absolute horizontal propagation of the horizontal laser beam; the calculation process of the settlement monitoring results of the building under test is as follows:

[0042] in, The results of settlement monitoring for the building to be monitored; The vertical position of the first laser landing point light signal on the laser receiving device under the initial reference state; The vertical position of the first laser landing point light signal on the laser receiving device under monitoring conditions.

[0043] It should be noted that during initial installation, the first laser emitting device 1 and the laser receiving device 4 are at the same horizontal height. At this time, the vertical position of the first laser landing point light signal on the laser receiver of the laser receiving device 4 is used as the reference position. When the building under test settles, the first laser emitting device 1 sinks along with the building, causing the height of the horizontal laser beam to decrease. This results in a change in the vertical position of the first laser impact signal on the laser receiver. Since the laser receiver is fixed to the ground, the amount of change in the vertical position of the first laser impact signal on the laser receiver is directly related to the amount of settlement of the building under test. Specifically, when the building settles, then... Assuming the vertical coordinate of the laser receiver is positive downwards, then... This indicates that the building is sinking; conversely, This indicates that the building has risen.

[0044] The tilt monitoring calculation module is used to calculate the tilt monitoring result of the building under test by utilizing the digital information of the second laser impact point and combining it with the principle of similar triangles; the calculation process of the tilt monitoring result of the building under test is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] in, The results of tilt monitoring of the building to be monitored; This represents the vertical displacement of the second laser beam's impact point signal; The vertical position of the second laser landing point light signal on the laser receiving device under the initial reference state; The vertical position of the second laser impact point light signal on the laser receiving device under monitoring conditions; This refers to the installation height of the second laser emitting device.

[0047] It should be noted that during initial installation, the downward-sloping laser beam emitted by the second laser emitter 2 is reflected by the reflector 4 to form an upward-sloping laser beam. The vertical position of the upward-sloping laser beam on the laser receiver serves as a reference position. Assuming the laser emission direction is fixed relative to the building, when the building tilts, the second laser emitter 2 moves with the tilt of the building, causing a change in the laser path of the downward-sloping laser beam. Consequently, the vertical position of the reflected upward-sloping laser beam on the laser receiver changes. Based on the principle of similar triangles, when the building tilts, the displacement of the landing point is proportional to the tilt angle, with the proportionality coefficient being the reciprocal of the installation height.

[0048] Monitoring methods and operating principles: This embodiment also provides a method for monitoring building settlement, utilizing a building settlement monitoring device described in this embodiment; the building settlement monitoring method includes the following steps: A horizontal laser beam is emitted using a first laser device 1; a downward-sloping laser beam is emitted using a second laser device 2; the downward-sloping laser beam is reflected by a reflector 3 to form an upward-sloping laser beam; a laser receiving device 4 receives the horizontal laser beam and the upward-sloping laser beam to obtain a first laser impact point signal and a second laser impact point signal; a signal preprocessing module 8 converts the first and second laser impact point signals into digital signals to obtain a first laser impact point digital signal and a second laser impact point digital signal; a signal postprocessing module 9 calculates the settlement monitoring result of the building to be monitored based on the first laser impact point digital signal; and a signal postprocessing module 9 calculates the tilt monitoring result of the building to be monitored based on the second laser impact point digital signal.

[0049] Specifically, during use, both the first laser emitting device 1 and the second laser emitting device 2 are fixed to the surface of the building to be monitored. When fixing the first laser device 1 and the second laser device 2, both ends of the transmitter fixing plate 12 are respectively fixed to the independent surface of the building to be monitored to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring data. The reflector 3 is horizontally fixed on the ground outside the shield tunneling influence area to ensure that the laser reflected by the reflector 3 is not affected by the surface settlement caused by the shield tunneling. Next, the laser emitter in the first laser device 1 is horizontally aligned with the laser receiver in the laser receiving device 4, and the laser emitter in the second laser device 1 is tilted downwards and aligned with the reflector 3. Then, the laser emitters in the first laser device 1 and the second laser emitting device 2 begin to emit single laser beams. After passing through the laser diverging structure, the single laser beams are refracted and diverged into several parallel laser beams. Next, the laser receiving device 4 receives the horizontal laser beams and the upwardly tilted laser beams formed by the reflection of the reflector 3. After being converted by the signal preprocessing module 8, the signals enter the signal postprocessing module 9 for settlement and tilt monitoring result calculation, outputting the settlement and tilt monitoring results of the building to be monitored.

[0050] It should be noted that during settlement monitoring, the principle of the absolute horizontality of the path of the horizontal laser beam is utilized. When the building under monitoring settles, the landing point of the horizontal laser beam on the laser receiver will be displaced. Therefore, the displacement of the landing point signal of the first laser beam is calculated based on the first laser landing point signal, and the settlement of the building under monitoring can be obtained. During tilt monitoring, the principle of similar triangles is used for calculation. When the building under monitoring tilts, the upward tilting laser beam reflected by mirror 3 will shift upward. At this time, the landing point of the upward tilting laser beam on the laser receiver will be displaced. Therefore, based on the second laser landing point signal and combined with the principle of similar triangles, the displacement of the landing point signal of the second laser beam is calculated, and the tilt angle of the building under monitoring can be obtained.

[0051] The building settlement monitoring device described in this embodiment aims to solve the problems of traditional monitoring methods being unable to simultaneously monitor building settlement and tilt, and the potential for errors and inability to achieve continuous monitoring due to differences in individual evaluation standards and environmental factors when using manual observation. In this embodiment, both the first laser emitting device 1 and the second laser emitting device 2 are fixed to the surface of the building to be monitored. Both the first laser emitting device 1 and the second laser emitting device 2 include a laser emitter 11, which is used to emit a horizontal laser beam or a downward-tilted laser beam. The emitter fixing plate 12 in the first laser emitting device 1 and the second laser emitting device 2 is used to fix the first laser emitting device 1 or the second laser emitting device 2 to the surface of the building to be monitored. The laser divergence structure 13 in the first laser emitting device 1 and the second laser emitting device 2 is used to refract a single laser beam into several parallel laser beams, so that they can form a point or line light source when emitted to the laser receiver 41. The receiving device 4 includes a laser receiver 41, which has a funnel-shaped structure that is larger at the front and smaller at the back. The receiver 41 is protected by a protective shell to prevent rain and other environmental factors from affecting the receiving device. The protective shell has a fixing plate to secure the laser receiver to the fixing rod of the receiving device fixing structure 5. The fixing base of the receiving device fixing structure 5 is a trapezoidal fixing block with bolt holes for better fixing of the laser receiver to the ground. The laser receiver 41 in the laser receiving device 4 transmits the laser signal to the signal preprocessing module 8 via the signal transmission line 6. The optical signal converter in the signal preprocessing module 8 converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and the A / D digital converter in the signal preprocessing module 8 converts the electrical signal into a digital signal. The signal postprocessing module 9 calculates the settlement and tilt monitoring results of the building under monitoring based on the displacement of the laser impact point.

[0052] The building settlement monitoring device of the present invention comprises a first laser emitting device and a second laser emitting device, both fixed to the surface of the building to be monitored. The laser emitter in the first laser emitting device is used to emit a horizontal laser beam, and the laser emitter in the second laser emitting device is used to emit a downward-sloping laser beam. The laser divergence structure in the first and second laser emitting devices adopts a concave lens to convert a single-line optical signal into a multi-line optical signal so that the laser signal is transmitted to the signal receiver. The laser signal is distributed in a multi-point linear pattern to ensure accurate data reception and facilitate adjustment of the initial value of the data.

[0053] In this invention, a reflector is an essential device for settlement monitoring, used to reflect a downward-sloping laser beam onto a laser receiving device. The reflector is fixed to a horizontal surface with adhesive. It is positioned outside the area affected by the tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction to ensure accurate measurement data. The laser receiver has a funnel-shaped structure, wider at the front and narrower at the back, with a convex lens at its front end to ensure the laser signal remains entirely within the receiving device's range. The laser receiver can receive both horizontal and upward-sloping laser beams. Notably, the convex lens refracts a horizontal laser beam into a single point of light; simultaneously, it refracts an upward-sloping laser beam into multiple regularly spaced, fixed points of light, avoiding interference between the horizontal and upward-sloping laser beams in the laser receiver and reducing errors in the monitoring data.

[0054] When the building under monitoring settles, the horizontal laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter will not remain absolutely horizontal, causing the path of the horizontal laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter to deviate and be emitted to the laser receiver. After receiving the horizontal laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter, the laser receiver forms the first laser landing point light signal. When the building under monitoring tilts, the downward tilted laser beam emitted by the first laser emitter will deviate, and the upward tilted laser beam after passing through the reflector will deviate simultaneously. At this time, after receiving the upward tilted laser beam after passing through the reflector, the laser receiver forms the second laser landing point light signal.

[0055] In order to ensure the continuity of monitoring data, this invention is also equipped with a power supply module, a signal preprocessing module, and a signal postprocessing module. The signal preprocessing module can convert the optical signal received by the laser receiver into a digital signal. Optionally, the signal preprocessing module can also perform comparison and adjustment. Since the optical path after the signal is refracted by the concave and convex lenses appears as multiple light spots on the laser receiver, if an error occurs, an error can be reported, thereby facilitating manual adjustment of the optical path. The signal postprocessing module is used to calculate and store the monitoring results.

[0056] The above embodiments are merely one of the implementation methods for achieving the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, but also includes any variations, substitutions and other implementation methods that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A building settlement monitoring device, characterized in that, It includes a first laser emitting device (1), a second laser emitting device (2), a reflector (3), a laser receiving device (4), a receiving device fixing structure (5), a signal preprocessing module (8), and a signal postprocessing module (9). Both the first laser device (1) and the second laser device (2) are installed on the surface of the building to be monitored. The first laser device (1) is used to emit a horizontal laser beam, and the second laser device (2) is used to emit a downward-sloping laser beam. The reflector (3) is set at a preset position on the ground and is located in the optical path of the downward-sloping laser beam. The reflector (3) is used to reflect the downward-sloping laser beam to form an upward-sloping laser beam. The laser receiving device (4) is fixed at the top of the receiving device fixing structure (5). The laser receiving device (4) is used to receive the horizontal laser beam and the upward tilting laser beam to obtain the first laser landing point light signal and the second laser landing point light signal. The input terminal of the signal preprocessing module (8) is connected to the output terminal of the laser receiving device (4), and the output terminal of the signal preprocessing module (8) is connected to the input terminal of the signal postprocessing module (9). The signal preprocessing module (8) is used to convert the first laser landing point light signal and the second laser landing point light signal into digital signals to obtain the first laser landing point digital signal and the second laser landing point digital signal. The signal post-processing module (9) is used to calculate the settlement monitoring result of the building to be monitored using the digital signal of the first laser landing point; the signal post-processing module (9) is also used to calculate the tilt monitoring result of the building to be monitored using the digital information of the second laser landing point.

2. The building settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first laser device (1) and the second laser device (2) both include a laser emitter (11), an emitter fixing plate (12) and a laser divergence structure (13). The laser emitter (11) is mounted on the emitter fixing plate (12), which is fixed to the surface of the building to be monitored; the laser divergence structure (13) is located at the front end of the emitter fixing plate (12) and in front of the emitting end of the laser emitter (11).

3. The building settlement monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The laser emitting structure (13) is a concave lens.

4. The building settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflector (3) is horizontally set on the ground outside the shield tunneling construction area.

5. A building settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser receiving device (4) includes a laser receiver (41), a receiver protective shell, and a convex lens (42). The laser receiver (41) is installed inside the receiver protective shell, which is fixed to the top of the receiving device fixing structure (5); the convex lens (42) is installed on the outside of the receiver protective shell and placed in front of the receiving end of the laser receiver (41).

6. A building settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal preprocessing module (8) includes an optical signal converter and an A / D digital converter; The optical signal converter is used to convert the first laser landing point optical signal and the second laser landing point optical signal into electrical signals to obtain the first laser landing point electrical signal and the second laser landing point electrical signal. The A / D digital converter is used to convert the first laser landing point electrical signal and the second laser landing point electrical signal into digital signals to obtain the first laser landing point digital signal and the second laser landing point digital signal.

7. A building settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal post-processing module (9) includes a settlement monitoring calculation module and a tilt monitoring calculation module; The settlement monitoring calculation module is used to calculate the settlement monitoring results of the building to be monitored by using the digital signal of the first laser landing point and based on the principle of absolute horizontal propagation of the horizontal laser beam. The tilt monitoring calculation module is used to calculate the tilt monitoring results of the building to be monitored by using the digital information of the second laser landing point and combining the principle of similar triangles.

8. A building settlement monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of calculating the settlement monitoring results of the building under test using the digital signal of the first laser impact point, based on the principle of absolute horizontal propagation of a horizontal laser beam, is as follows: in, The results of settlement monitoring for the building to be monitored; The vertical position of the first laser landing point light signal on the laser receiving device under the initial reference state; The vertical position of the first laser landing point light signal on the laser receiving device under monitoring conditions.

9. A building settlement monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of calculating the tilt monitoring results of the building under test by using the digital information of the second laser impact point and combining it with the principle of similar triangles is as follows: in, The results of tilt monitoring of the building to be monitored; This represents the vertical displacement of the second laser beam's impact point signal; The vertical position of the second laser landing point light signal on the laser receiving device under the initial reference state; The vertical position of the second laser impact point light signal on the laser receiving device under monitoring conditions; This refers to the installation height of the second laser emitting device.

10. A method for monitoring building settlement, characterized in that, Using a building settlement monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1-9; Methods for monitoring building settlement include: A horizontal laser beam is emitted using the first laser device (1); The second laser device (2) emits a downward-sloping laser beam; wherein the downward-sloping laser beam is reflected by the reflector (3) to form an upward-sloping laser beam. The horizontal laser beam and the upward-tilted laser beam are received by the laser receiving device (4) to obtain the first laser landing point light signal and the second laser landing point light signal; The first laser landing point light signal and the second laser landing point light signal are converted into digital signals using the signal preprocessing module (8) to obtain the first laser landing point digital signal and the second laser landing point digital signal. The settlement monitoring results of the building to be monitored are calculated by the signal post-processing module (9) based on the digital signal of the first laser landing point; The tilt monitoring results of the building to be monitored are calculated by the signal post-processing module (9) based on the digital information of the second laser landing point.

Images