A self-generating internet of things turbine flowmeter and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of flow meters, and discloses a self-generating Internet of Things turbine flow meter and a use method thereof, which comprises a sensor mechanism, a converter mechanism and a power generation coil mechanism; the sensor mechanism comprises a pipe body and an impeller assembly installed in the pipe body; the converter mechanism comprises a converter shell and a probe matched with the impeller assembly for measurement; the power generation coil mechanism comprises a coil jacket and a power supply panel; a plurality of power generation cavities are arranged in the coil jacket in a circumferential direction. The power generation coil mechanism adopts a coil assembly design in which a use area and a standby area are separated; the number of coils in the use area can be dynamically increased through a driving piece; when the fluid flow speed is low and the power generation power is insufficient, the standby coil assembly can be quickly called to participate in power generation, so that the power supply stability is ensured; under a full-load power generation state, the number of coils working can be reasonably distributed, energy waste is avoided, and the power generation demand of different fluid flow speed working conditions is adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of flow meter technology, specifically relating to a self-generating IoT turbine flow meter and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Turbine flow meters, based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, use fluid to drive an impeller assembly to rotate and cut magnetic field lines, thereby acquiring and measuring flow parameters. Their core advantages lie in high measurement accuracy and fast response speed, making them widely used in industrial fluid transmission scenarios such as petroleum, chemical, and water supply and drainage. The integration of IoT technology with turbine flow meters enables remote acquisition, transmission, and monitoring of flow data, breaking the limitations of traditional localized operation of flow meters and significantly improving the intelligence level of fluid pipeline network operation and maintenance.

[0003] However, the stable operation of IoT turbine flow meters is highly dependent on continuous power supply, as their core functions such as data acquisition, signal processing, and wireless transmission all consume electrical energy. Currently, the mainstream power supply solution in the industry is battery power, but the wireless communication process of IoT devices consumes a lot of power, and conventional disposable batteries have a short lifespan. Frequent replacements not only increase maintenance costs but also pose inconvenience and safety hazards in special installation scenarios such as remote areas and high-altitude pipelines. While rechargeable batteries can extend the service life, existing charging methods have significant limitations: solar charging depends on sunlight conditions, and its power generation efficiency drops sharply in low-light environments such as cloudy days, underground, and indoors; wind power charging is limited by wind speed and installation location, and the equipment is large and expensive, making it difficult to adapt to the installation needs of small and medium-sized pipelines or complex working conditions.

[0004] Furthermore, there is room for optimization in the design of the power generation system of existing self-generating turbine flow meters: on the one hand, the power generation coils mostly adopt an integrated layout, and a single coil failure can easily lead to an interruption of the overall power generation. Moreover, maintenance requires disassembling the entire coil mechanism, which is complex and time-consuming. On the other hand, the power generation lacks dynamic adaptability. When the fluid flow rate is too low, the coil induction power generation is insufficient and cannot meet the normal power consumption requirements of the equipment. When the fluid flow rate is high, excess electrical energy is difficult to store effectively, resulting in energy waste. At the same time, the power supply system lacks an effective buffer energy storage and redundancy protection mechanism. When the battery switches or there are instantaneous power generation fluctuations, power outages are likely to occur, leading to loss of flow data or loss of remote communication, affecting the continuity and reliability of pipeline monitoring.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical challenges, there is an urgent need to develop a self-generating IoT turbine flow meter that does not rely on external environmental energy, has stable self-generating efficiency, adapts to various fluid flow rates under different operating conditions, is easy to maintain, and has high power supply reliability. By optimizing the design of the power generation mechanism and constructing an efficient energy storage and power supply collaborative system, the device can achieve self-sufficiency in electrical energy, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the IoT turbine flow meter in complex industrial scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a self-generating IoT turbine flow meter and its usage method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a self-generating IoT turbine flow meter, comprising:

[0008] Sensor mechanism, converter mechanism, and power generation coil mechanism;

[0009] The sensor mechanism includes a tube and an impeller assembly mounted inside the tube;

[0010] The converter mechanism includes a converter housing and a metering probe that corresponds to and cooperates with the impeller assembly;

[0011] The power generation coil mechanism includes a coil jacket and a power board; the coil jacket has several circumferentially distributed power generation cavities inside, and each power generation cavity is equipped with an independent coil assembly;

[0012] Each power generation chamber area is divided into a usage area and a standby area. Some coil assemblies are in the usage area and cooperate with the impeller assembly of the sensor mechanism to generate power, while the remaining coil assemblies are in the standby area and cannot cooperate with the impeller assembly of the sensor mechanism to generate power. The coil jacket is equipped with a drive component that drives the coil assemblies in the standby area to move to the usage area, thereby increasing the number of coil assemblies in the usage area and enabling them to participate in power generation synchronously.

[0013] Preferably, the coil sleeve is a ring-shaped structure that can be adapted to the tube body of the sensor mechanism;

[0014] The coil sleeve is composed of two symmetrical semi-circular sleeves spliced ​​together. The two semi-circular sleeves are locked and fixed by an outer sleeve clip. A sealing gasket is provided on the mating surface of the two semi-circular sleeves. The number of power generation chambers inside each semi-circular sleeve is also specified.

[0015] Each of the two semi-circular sleeves has a limiting port Q1 on both sides, and the outer surface of the tube is provided with a limiting protrusion Q2 for inserting into the limiting port Q1. This is used to lock the coil jacket formed by splicing the two semi-circular sleeves in the designated installation area, preventing installation errors of the generator coil mechanism and deviation during power generation.

[0016] Preferably, a portion of the coil assembly located in the standby area slides axially via a guide rail, one end of which extends into the interior of the use area, and the length of the guide rail is set to allow the coil assembly to be moved from the standby area to the use area to participate in power generation.

[0017] The coil assembly consists of a coil and a magnetic core fixed inside the coil.

[0018] Preferably, the outer surface of the coil jacket is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed disassembly ports A, and the plurality of disassembly ports A are respectively connected to the spare areas of a plurality of power generation chambers, and the interior of the plurality of disassembly ports A is detachably installed with a cover plate by bolts.

[0019] The coil assemblies in the usage area and the coil assemblies in the standby area are arranged in a ring-shaped cross pattern.

[0020] Some coil assemblies located in the usage area can be directly fixed to the cover plate, so that when the coil assembly fails, the individual coil assembly in the usage area can be replaced by removing the cover plate;

[0021] The guide rail frame located in the standby area includes two guide rails, which are fixed to the inner wall of the standby area and the inner side of the cover plate, respectively. The opposite ends of the two guide rails are in close contact, which is used to move the coil assembly of the standby area from the guide rail in the standby area to the guide rail on the cover plate for power generation, and to replace the individual coil assembly in the standby area by removing the cover plate; and the driving end of the drive unit is detachably connected to the main support of the coil assembly in the standby area by magnetic snap-fit.

[0022] Preferably, the power board includes a main power board and several distribution power boards; the several distribution power boards are all connected to the main power board via wires;

[0023] The main circuit board is fixed to the outer wall of the coil jacket. The main circuit board is electrically connected to the charging control module of the converter mechanism through wires to form a charging circuit. The charging control module has a built-in voltage detection unit and a switching unit. When the charging battery voltage reaches the preset full charge voltage, the switching unit disconnects the charging circuit; when the charging battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage, the switching unit closes the charging circuit.

[0024] Several distribution boards are fixed to the side of the coil jacket for initial rectification of the coil assembly in the use area; the terminals of several distribution boards are installed on the side walls of several spare areas through elastic contact pieces, and all the leads of the coil assembly are provided with contact protrusions for tight contact with the elastic contact pieces to form an electrical connection between the coil assembly in the use area and the distribution boards.

[0025] Preferably, the converter housing is installed on the upper end of the tube by means of threads; and the probe is fixed to the lower end of the converter housing, extending into the inside of the tube and corresponding to the impeller assembly.

[0026] Preferably, the converter mechanism further includes a circuit board assembly, a buffer energy storage module, a battery compartment, a rechargeable battery, and an antenna; the circuit board assembly and the buffer energy storage module are both installed inside the converter housing, and the circuit board assembly integrates a signal processing module, a wireless transmission module, and a charging control module; the rechargeable battery is installed inside the battery compartment and is electrically connected to the charging control module; the antenna is fixed to the top of the converter housing and is electrically connected to the wireless transmission module; the power board is electrically connected to the charging control module through wires to form a charging circuit.

[0027] Preferably, the buffer energy storage module includes a supercapacitor bank, an energy storage management circuit board, and a bidirectional charge / discharge interface; the supercapacitor bank consists of several supercapacitor cells connected in series, and the supercapacitor bank is fixed to one side of the battery compartment inside the converter housing by an insulating bracket; the energy storage management circuit board integrates a charge / discharge control chip, an overvoltage protection unit, and a current balancing unit; the energy storage management circuit board is electrically connected to the charging control module, the rechargeable battery, and the circuit board assembly through the bidirectional charge / discharge interface, forming a "power generation-energy storage-power supply" collaborative loop;

[0028] The buffer energy storage module is connected in parallel with the rechargeable battery, and the total withstand voltage of the supercapacitor group is higher than the rated voltage of the rechargeable battery.

[0029] Preferably, the charging and discharging logic of the energy storage management circuit board is linked to the coil switching state of the power generation coil mechanism and the charge status of the rechargeable battery, including:

[0030] When the charging control module detects that the charging battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage and the power generation coil mechanism is in full-load power generation state, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor group to enter the "auxiliary charging mode" and synchronously supply power to the charging battery with the power generation coil mechanism.

[0031] When the charging control module detects that the charging battery voltage has reached the preset full charge voltage and the charging circuit is disconnected, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor group to enter the "energy storage mode" to receive the remaining power generation of the power generation coil mechanism.

[0032] When the fluid flow rate is too low, resulting in insufficient power generation or a faulty rechargeable battery requiring switching, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor bank to enter the "emergency power supply mode" and outputs stable DC power to the circuit board assembly through the bidirectional charging and discharging interface to fill the power supply gap.

[0033] The overvoltage protection unit is set to trigger threshold of 1.2 times the rated voltage of the rechargeable battery. It is used to automatically cut off the charging circuit when the voltage of the supercapacitor group exceeds the threshold. The current balancing unit is used to balance the charging current of each cell in the supercapacitor group to avoid overcharging or undercharging of individual cells.

[0034] A method for using a self-generating IoT turbine flow meter includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. Equipment installation: Fit the two semi-circular sleeves of the coil clamp to the preset area of ​​the tube body, install the converter housing of the converter mechanism on the upper end of the tube body, align the probe with the impeller assembly, and at the same time check the connection between the power board and the charging control module to ensure that the charging circuit is conductive.

[0036] S2. Initial power generation configuration: After the equipment is started, the charging control module detects the voltage of the charging battery through the voltage detection unit and activates the coil assembly in the operating area by default. The coil assembly forms an electrical connection with the elastic contact piece of the distribution board through the contact protrusion; the fluid drives the impeller assembly to rotate, and the rotation of the impeller assembly cuts the magnetic field lines. Due to the change in magnetic flux, current is generated in each coil assembly. After rectification by the distribution board and processing by the main board, the current charges the charging battery through the charging control module.

[0037] S3. Dynamic Coil Switching: When the rechargeable battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage and the power generation is insufficient, the drive unit moves the coil assembly in the spare area along the guide rail to the use area. The coil assembly connects with the corresponding power distribution board and is energized, increasing the number of working coils to improve the power generation. When the battery is fully charged and the charging circuit is disconnected, the drive unit returns the excess working coil assembly to the spare area to avoid energy waste.

[0038] S4, Energy Storage Mode Coordination: The buffer energy storage module switches working modes according to the equipment operating status: when the charging battery is low on power and the power generation coil mechanism is generating power at full load, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor group to charge synchronously; after the battery is fully charged, the supercapacitor group stores the remaining electrical energy of the power generation coil mechanism; when the power generation power is insufficient or the charging battery fails, the supercapacitor group provides emergency power to the circuit board assembly through the bidirectional charging and discharging interface to fill the power supply gap.

[0039] S5. Maintenance and Replacement: When the coil assembly fails, remove the cover plate of the corresponding area, take out the faulty coil assembly directly for replacement, reset it after replacement and fix the cover plate with bolts to ensure reliable sealing and positioning.

[0040] S6. Data transmission and monitoring: The signal processing module converts the flow signal collected by the probe into data and transmits it remotely to the antenna via the wireless transmission module; at the same time, it uploads information such as battery voltage, coil component working status, and energy storage mode to the monitoring platform to achieve real-time monitoring.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a self-generating IoT turbine flow meter and its usage method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] Self-generating power is highly efficient and stable, adaptable to various operating conditions: Based on the principle of power generation by the fluid-driven impeller assembly rotating and cutting magnetic field lines, it does not rely on external environmental energy sources such as solar or wind power, and is not limited by remote areas or harsh environments. It achieves self-sufficiency in power generation, effectively solving the pain points of short battery life and limited charging methods in traditional IoT flow meters. The power generation coil mechanism adopts a design that separates the working area and the standby area. The number of coils in the working area can be dynamically increased through the drive component. When the fluid flow rate is low and the power generation is insufficient, the standby coil assembly can be quickly called upon to participate in power generation, ensuring power supply stability. Under full-load power generation conditions, the number of working coils can be reasonably allocated to avoid energy waste and adapt to the power generation needs of different fluid flow rates.

[0043] Easy installation and maintenance, reducing operating costs: The coil jacket adopts a symmetrical semi-circular sleeve splicing structure, combined with the outer sleeve locking and positioning design of the limiting port and limiting protrusion, allowing installation to be completed without disassembling the pipeline, greatly reducing on-site installation difficulty, especially suitable for renovation scenarios where pipelines have already been laid. At the same time, the disassembly port and cover plate design of the coil jacket, as well as the fixed connection method between the coil assembly and the cover plate, allow for individual replacement of a single coil assembly in either the operating area or the standby area by removing the corresponding cover plate, without the need to disassemble the entire coil jacket, reducing maintenance time and costs; the design of the distributed distribution board and main power board avoids the interruption of overall power generation due to the failure of a single coil assembly, further improving the continuity of equipment operation and reducing maintenance frequency.

[0044] The reliable power supply system ensures continuous operation: the rectification and filtering functions of the power board, combined with the voltage detection and switching control functions of the charging control module, form a stable charging circuit. This prevents overcharging damage to the rechargeable battery and ensures timely replenishment of energy when the battery is low, extending battery life. The supercapacitor bank of the buffer energy storage module works in conjunction with the energy storage management circuit board, intelligently switching between three modes: "auxiliary charging," "energy storage," and "emergency power supply." This effectively fills the power supply gap caused by insufficient power generation due to low fluid flow rate or rechargeable battery failure switching, ensuring continuous power supply to core modules such as signal processing and wireless transmission, and preventing interruptions in flow data acquisition or loss of remote communication. The overvoltage protection unit and current balancing unit further ensure the safety and stability of the power supply system, preventing overvoltage damage to the supercapacitor bank or overcharging / undercharging of individual capacitors, thus improving the overall reliability of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the self-generating IoT turbine flow meter of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the self-generating IoT turbine flow meter of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembly and assembly of the power generation coil mechanism and the sensor mechanism of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power generation coil mechanism of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the power generation coil mechanism of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the axial and radial cross-sections of the power generation coil mechanism of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the self-generating IoT turbine flow meter of the present invention.

[0052] In the diagram: 100, sensor mechanism; 110, tube body; 120, impeller assembly;

[0053] 200. Converter mechanism; 210. Converter housing; 220. Probe; 230. Battery compartment; 240. Antenna;

[0054] 300. Generating coil mechanism; 310. Coil sleeve; 311. Generating chamber; 312. Outer sleeve clip; 313. Guide rail frame; 314. Cover plate; 320. Power board; 321. Main power board; 322. Distribution board; 330. Coil assembly; 340. Drive component; 341. Magnetic buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0056] Example 1:

[0057] See attached document Figures 1 to 7 A self-generating IoT turbine flow meter includes:

[0058] Sensor mechanism 100, converter mechanism 200, and power generation coil mechanism 300;

[0059] The sensor mechanism 100 includes a tube body 110 and an impeller assembly 120 installed inside the tube body 110. The impeller shaft of the impeller assembly 120 is rotatably connected between the front and rear guide vanes inside the tube body 110 via a positioning core sleeve. When fluid flows through the tube body 110, the kinetic energy of the fluid acts on the blades of the impeller assembly 120, driving the impeller assembly 120 to rotate around the impeller shaft. The rotational angular velocity of the impeller is linearly related to the fluid velocity, which is the core principle of turbine flow meter measurement. The impeller assembly 120 is made of a high magnetic permeability material, and its rotation causes periodic changes in the surrounding magnetic field.

[0060] The converter mechanism 200 includes a converter housing 210 and a probe 220 that corresponds to and cooperates with the impeller assembly 120 for metering. The converter housing 210 is threaded onto the upper end of the pipe body 110. The probe 220 is fixed to the lower end of the converter housing 210, extends into the pipe body 110, and corresponds to the impeller assembly 120. When fluid flows through the sensor, the impeller assembly 120 rotates under the action of hydrodynamics. The blades of the impeller assembly 120 cut the magnetic field of the induction coil of the probe 220 below the converter housing 210, causing an alternating induced voltage to be generated in the induction coil. The rotational speed of the impeller assembly 120 is determined by the fluid velocity and follows the angular momentum theorem in fluid mechanics. Within the rated flow range, the rotational speed of the impeller assembly 120 maintains a strictly linear relationship with the fluid velocity.

[0061] According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the frequency of the induced voltage generated by the induction coil is the same as the impeller rotation frequency, and the impeller rotation frequency is proportional to the fluid velocity. Therefore, the induced voltage frequency and the fluid velocity are linearly related. This linear relationship is the core basis for flow measurement. The induction coil is wound with high-sensitivity enameled wire, which can accurately capture weak magnetic field changes. Its output induced voltage signal has high signal-to-noise ratio characteristics, providing reliable raw data for subsequent signal processing.

[0062] The power generation coil mechanism 300 includes a coil sleeve 310 and a power board 320; the coil sleeve 310 has several circumferentially distributed power generation cavities 311 inside, and each power generation cavity 311 is provided with an independent coil assembly 330. The independent coil assembly 330 in each power generation cavity 311 adopts a modular design, which is convenient for individual maintenance and replacement.

[0063] When fluid flows through pipe 110, the kinetic energy of the fluid acts on the blades of impeller assembly 120, driving impeller assembly 120 to rotate around the impeller shaft. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the rate of change of magnetic flux in the coil is proportional to the induced electromotive force. The synchronous operation of multiple coil assemblies 330 can superimpose the induced current, increasing the total power generation. After the current is collected at power board 320, the AC power is converted to DC power by the full-bridge rectifier circuit on power board 320, and then the ripple component in the current is removed by the filter circuit, outputting a stable DC voltage to power the rechargeable battery.

[0064] Each power generation chamber 311 is divided into a usage area and a standby area. Some coil assemblies 330 are in the usage area and cooperate with the impeller assembly 120 of the sensor mechanism 100 to generate electricity. The remaining coil assemblies 330 are in the standby area and cannot cooperate with the impeller assembly 120 of the sensor mechanism 100 to generate electricity. A drive unit 340 is installed on the coil jacket 310 to drive the coil assemblies 330 in the standby area to move to the usage area, thereby increasing the number of coil assemblies 330 in the usage area and enabling them to participate in power generation synchronously. By dividing the power generation chamber 311 into a usage area and a standby area, it is based on the redundancy design concept. The coil assemblies 330 in the usage area cooperate with the impeller assembly 120 to realize the power generation function, while the coil assemblies 330 in the standby area are in a standby state, which can effectively deal with the scenario of failure of the coil assemblies 330 in the usage area or insufficient power generation. The drive unit 340, as the power actuator for switching the coil assembly 330, typically adopts a high-precision drive device such as an electric push rod or a stepper motor. It drives the coil assembly 330 in the spare area to move along a preset trajectory to the use area, thereby dynamically increasing the number of coil assemblies 330 in the use area, thereby improving the power generation and ensuring that the flow meter can obtain a stable power supply under different fluid flow rate conditions.

[0065] See attached document Figures 3 to 5 The coil sleeve 310 is an annular structure that can be adapted to the tube body 110 of the sensor mechanism 100. The coil sleeve 310 is designed as an annular structure that can be adapted to the tube body 110 of the sensor mechanism 100, which can achieve a tight fit with the tube body 110, maximize the reduction of the distance between the coil assembly 330 and the impeller assembly 120, enhance the electromagnetic induction effect, and improve the power generation efficiency.

[0066] The coil sleeve 310 is composed of two symmetrical semicircular sleeves joined together. The two semicircular sleeves are locked and fixed together by an outer sleeve clip 312. Sealing gaskets are provided on the mating surfaces of the two semicircular sleeves. The number of generator chambers 311 inside each semicircular sleeve is also specified. The use of two symmetrical semicircular sleeves to form the coil sleeve 310 is designed for ease of on-site installation and disassembly, especially suitable for renovation scenarios with existing pipelines, allowing for installation and maintenance of the coil sleeve without disassembling the pipelines. The two semicircular sleeves are locked and fixed together by the outer sleeve clip 312, which is typically made of stainless steel, possessing high strength and corrosion resistance, providing stable locking force, and ensuring the firmness of the connection between the two semicircular sleeves. The sealing gaskets on the mating surfaces are made of oil-resistant and aging-resistant elastic material, effectively sealing the gap between the two semicircular sleeves, preventing external dust, moisture, and other impurities from entering the generator chamber 311, avoiding moisture and short circuits in the coil assembly 330, and ensuring the stable operation of the generator coil mechanism 300. The number of power generation cavities 311 inside each semi-circular sleeve is equal, ensuring the symmetry and uniformity of the layout of power generation cavities 311 inside the coil jacket 310 after splicing, so that the magnetic field distribution is balanced during power generation and the stability and reliability of power generation are improved.

[0067] Each of the two semi-circular sleeves has a limiting port Q1 on both sides, and the outer surface of the tube 110 is provided with a limiting protrusion Q2 for inserting into the limiting port Q1. This is used to lock the coil clamp 310 formed by splicing the two semi-circular sleeves in the designated installation area, preventing installation errors of the power generation coil mechanism 300 and deviation during power generation.

[0068] The limiting ports Q1 on the sides of the two semi-circular sleeves and the limiting protrusions Q2 on the outer surface of the tube body 110 form a positioning and mating structure. The core function of this design is to achieve precise positioning and installation of the coil sleeve 310. After the limiting protrusions Q2 are inserted into the limiting ports Q1, they can limit the axial displacement and circumferential rotation of the coil sleeve 310 in the tube body 110, effectively preventing the relative positional misalignment between the coil assembly 330 and the impeller assembly 120 due to installation deviations. This ensures that the coil assembly 330 in the operating area can accurately cut the magnetic lines of force generated by the impeller rotation, guaranteeing power generation efficiency and metering accuracy. At the same time, during the power generation process, the coil assembly 330 generates electromagnetic force. This positioning structure can effectively resist the impact of electromagnetic force, preventing the coil sleeve 310 from shifting, and further improving the overall operational stability of the self-generating IoT turbine flow meter.

[0069] See attached document Figure 6The coil assembly 330 located in the standby area slides axially via the guide rail 313. The guide rail 313 is made of high-strength, low-friction engineering plastic or metal. Its structural design must meet the requirement of smooth sliding of the coil assembly 330. One end of the guide rail 313 extends into the interior of the use area, and the length of the guide rail 313 is set to be able to move the coil assembly 330 from the standby area to the use area to participate in power generation. This sliding design realizes the dynamic switching of the coil assembly 330. When the coil assembly 330 in the use area fails or the fluid flow rate is low, resulting in insufficient power generation, the coil assembly 330 in the standby area can be quickly connected to the use area through the drive component 340, thereby improving the redundancy and adaptability of the power generation system.

[0070] The coil assembly 330 consists of a coil and a magnetic core fixed inside the coil. The coil is made of high-strength enameled wire, and the winding method and number of turns have been optimized through electromagnetic simulation to maximize electromagnetic induction efficiency, enabling the induction of sufficient electromotive force in the alternating magnetic field generated by the rotation of the impeller assembly 120. The magnetic core is made of a soft magnetic material with high permeability. Its core function is to enhance the magnetic field strength around the coil, improve the magnetic coupling efficiency of the coil, and enable the coil to generate a larger induced current under the same magnetic field change conditions, thereby increasing the power generation. The magnetic core is fixed inside the coil, forming an integrated structure with the coil, ensuring that the relative position of the magnetic core and the coil remains unchanged during the sliding of the coil assembly 330, thus guaranteeing the stability of the electromagnetic induction effect.

[0071] See attached document Figure 6 The outer surface of the coil jacket 310 has several circumferentially distributed disassembly ports A, each of which communicates with a spare area of ​​a number of power generation chambers 311. A cover plate 314 is detachably installed inside each of the disassembly ports A via bolts. The dimensions of the disassembly ports A are adapted to the cover plate 314, which is detachably installed inside the disassembly port A via bolts. This bolted connection method combines secure connection with easy disassembly. The cover plate 314 is made of the same material as the coil jacket 310 or a corrosion-resistant material with similar properties. Its function is to seal the disassembly ports A, preventing external impurities from entering the power generation chamber 311 and protecting the coil assembly 330 in the spare area from contamination and damage.

[0072] The coil assembly 330 in the use area and the coil assembly 330 in the spare area are arranged in a ring-shaped cross pattern;

[0073] Some coil assemblies 330 located in the usage area can be directly fixed to the cover plate 314. This allows for the replacement of individual coil assemblies 330 in the usage area by removing the cover plate 314 when a coil assembly 330 fails. The direct fixing of some coil assemblies 330 in the usage area to the cover plate 314 provides a convenient way to replace individual coil assemblies 330 in the usage area. When a coil assembly 330 in a certain usage area fails, it is not necessary to disassemble the entire coil jacket 310; only the cover plate 314 at the corresponding location needs to be removed to remove and replace the faulty coil assembly 330. This greatly reduces maintenance difficulty and cost, shortens maintenance time, and ensures continuous operation of the flow meter.

[0074] The guide rail frame 313 located in the spare area includes two guide rails, which are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the spare area and the inner side of the cover plate 314. The opposite ends of the two guide rails are in close contact to form a continuous sliding track, which is used to move the coil assembly 330 of the spare area from the guide rail of the spare area to the guide rail on the cover plate 314 for power generation, and to replace the individual coil assembly 330 of the spare area by removing the cover plate 314; and the driving end of the driving member 340 is detachably connected to the main body support of the coil assembly 330 of the spare area through the magnetic buckle 341.

[0075] The segmented guide rail design not only meets the need for the spare coil assembly 330 to slide into the working area, but also facilitates the replacement of the spare coil assembly 330. When it is necessary to replace the spare coil assembly 330, the coil assembly 330 can be removed from the guide rail by removing the cover plate 314, making the operation simple and efficient.

[0076] The drive end of the drive component 340 is detachably connected to the main support of the spare coil assembly 330 via a magnetic snap-fit ​​341. The magnetic snap-fit ​​341 uses magnetic force to achieve quick docking and separation. When the drive component 340 pushes the coil assembly 330 to move, it can provide a stable driving force to ensure that the coil assembly 330 is accurately positioned. When it is necessary to disassemble the coil assembly 330, simply release the magnetic attraction of the magnetic snap-fit ​​341 to separate the drive end from the coil assembly 330, further improving the convenience of replacing the coil assembly 330.

[0077] See attached document Figure 4 and Figure 5The power board 320 includes a main power board 321 and several distribution power boards 322. The distribution power boards 322 are all connected to the main power board 321 through wires. The main power board 321 is fixed on the outer wall of the coil clamp 310. The main power board 321 is electrically connected to the charging control module of the converter mechanism 200 through wires to form a charging circuit. The charging control module has a built-in voltage detection unit and a switching unit. When the charging battery voltage reaches the preset full charge voltage, the switching unit disconnects the charging circuit. When the charging battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage, the switching unit closes the charging circuit.

[0078] The power board 320 adopts a distributed structure design of a main power board 321 and several distribution power boards 322. The distribution power boards 322 are connected to the main power board 321 through wires to form a hierarchical power distribution system. The main power board 321 is fixed on the outer wall of the coil jacket 310 and serves as the core control unit of the power board 320. It is electrically connected to the charging control module of the converter mechanism 200 through wires to form a complete charging circuit.

[0079] The voltage detection unit built into the charging control module uses a high-precision voltage sensor, which can monitor the voltage status of the charging battery in real time and accurately determine the charging status of the battery (low charge, full charge); the switching unit uses a highly reliable power switching device to realize the on-off control of the charging circuit based on the detection results of the voltage detection unit.

[0080] When the rechargeable battery voltage reaches the preset full charge voltage, the switching unit quickly disconnects the charging circuit to prevent overcharging and extend battery life. When the rechargeable battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage, the switching unit closes the charging circuit so that the electrical energy generated by the generator coil mechanism 300 can charge the battery in time, ensuring that the battery is always maintained at a reasonable power level and guaranteeing the normal power supply of each functional module of the flow meter.

[0081] Several distribution boards 322 are fixed to the side of the coil jacket 310 for initial rectification of the coil assembly 330 in the use area. The terminals of the several distribution boards 322 are installed on the side walls of several spare areas through elastic contact pieces, and all the leads of the coil assembly 330 are provided with contact protrusions for tight contact with the elastic contact pieces, forming an electrical connection between the coil assembly 330 in the use area and the distribution board 322. When a single coil assembly 330 fails, the corresponding coil assembly 330 can be disassembled and replaced individually without disassembling the entire jacket, reducing maintenance costs. The distributed distribution boards 322 can prevent the overall power generation from being interrupted due to the failure of a single coil assembly 330. At the same time, the bus connection reduces the risk of poor line contact, and the redundant design of the power board cluster improves the reliability of power supply.

[0082] Several distribution boards 322 are fixed to the side of the coil jacket 310. Each distribution board 322 corresponds to several coil assemblies 330, and its core function is to perform preliminary rectification of the AC power generated by the coil assemblies 330 in the operating area. The distribution board 322 has a built-in rectifier bridge circuit, which can convert the AC power induced by the coil assemblies 330 into DC power, providing a stable DC power supply for further processing by the main power board 321 and battery charging. The terminals of the distribution board 322 are installed on the side wall of the spare area through elastic contact pieces. The elastic contact pieces are made of a metal material with good conductivity and elasticity. All leads of the coil assemblies 330 are provided with contact protrusions. When the coil assembly 330 moves from the spare area to the operating area, the contact protrusions and the elastic contact pieces can make tight contact and engage, realizing a reliable electrical connection between the coil assembly 330 and the distribution board 322. This elastic contact connection design can adapt to the positional deviation of the coil assembly 330 during the sliding process, ensuring the stability of the connection, while avoiding the wear problems caused by hard connection and extending the service life of the connection components.

[0083] The distributed power board 320 has significant advantages: First, when a single coil assembly 330 fails, the corresponding coil assembly 330 can be disassembled and replaced individually without disassembling the entire coil jacket 310, greatly reducing maintenance costs and difficulty; Second, the distributed distribution board 322 design avoids the interruption of the entire power generation system due to the failure of a single coil assembly 330, ensuring that other normal coil assemblies 330 can continue to generate electricity, improving the redundancy and reliability of the power generation system; Third, the bus-type connection between the main power board 321 and the distribution board 322 reduces the complexity of the wiring, lowers the risk of poor wiring contact, and further ensures the stable operation of the power supply system.

[0084] See attached document Figure 1 and Figure 2 The converter mechanism 200 also includes a circuit board assembly, a buffer energy storage module, a battery compartment 230, a rechargeable battery, and an antenna 240. The circuit board assembly and the buffer energy storage module are both installed inside the converter housing 210, and the circuit board assembly integrates a signal processing module, a wireless transmission module, and a charging control module. The rechargeable battery is installed inside the battery compartment 230 and is electrically connected to the charging control module. The antenna 240 is fixed to the top of the converter housing 210 and is electrically connected to the wireless transmission module. The power board 320 is electrically connected to the charging control module through wires to form a charging circuit.

[0085] The circuit board assembly, as the core control unit of the converter mechanism 200, integrates a signal processing module, a wireless transmission module, and a charging control module. Each module adopts a modular design, with electrical connections achieved through printed circuits on the circuit board, ensuring the stability and timeliness of signal transmission. The signal processing module uses a high-performance microprocessor to amplify, filter, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the impeller speed signal collected by the probe 220, converting it into corresponding flow data. It then performs flow calculation and error correction according to a preset algorithm, ensuring the accuracy of flow measurement. The wireless transmission module supports IoT communication protocols (such as NB-IoT, LoRa, etc.), enabling remote transmission of the processed flow data to the monitoring platform via antenna 240 for real-time monitoring and remote management of flow data. Simultaneously, the wireless transmission module can receive control commands from the monitoring platform, enabling remote parameter configuration and functional control of the flow meter. The charging control module, as the core of energy management, is responsible for coordinating the power distribution among the generator coil mechanism 300, the buffer energy storage module, and the rechargeable battery, ensuring efficient energy utilization and safe battery operation.

[0086] The rechargeable battery is installed inside the battery compartment 230, which is made of insulating and flame-retardant materials, providing excellent protection for the battery and preventing safety accidents caused by short circuits or overheating. The rechargeable battery is a high-capacity, long-cycle-life lithium battery, whose rated voltage and capacity are matched to the power consumption requirements of each functional module of the flowmeter to ensure a continuous and stable power supply. The antenna 240 is fixed to the top of the converter housing 210 and features an external design, enhancing the transmission strength and coverage of the wireless signal and ensuring stable wireless communication even in complex industrial environments. The power board 320 is electrically connected to the charging control module via wires to form a charging circuit. The electrical energy generated by the generator coil mechanism 300 is rectified and filtered by the power board 320 before being delivered to the charging control module through the charging circuit. The charging control module controls the charging process according to the battery status, realizing the storage and rational utilization of electrical energy.

[0087] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that;

[0088] The buffer energy storage module includes a supercapacitor bank, an energy storage management circuit board, and a bidirectional charging and discharging interface. As a key energy storage unit of the self-generating system, the buffer energy storage module adopts a combined design of supercapacitor bank, energy storage management circuit board, and bidirectional charging and discharging interface, which can effectively solve problems such as power fluctuation of the 300-meter power generation coil mechanism and power supply interruption during battery switching, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the power supply system. The supercapacitor bank consists of several (at least 4) supercapacitor cells connected in series. The capacity of each supercapacitor cell is not less than 10F and the withstand voltage is not less than 5.5V. These parameters are selected based on the power consumption requirements of each functional module of the flow meter and the emergency power supply time requirements. Supercapacitors have advantages such as fast charging and discharging speed, long cycle life, high power density, and good low-temperature performance. They can quickly absorb the electrical energy generated by the power generation coil mechanism 300 and release electrical energy rapidly when needed to meet emergency power supply requirements. The supercapacitor group is fixed to one side of the battery compartment 230 inside the converter housing 210 by an insulating bracket. The energy storage management circuit board integrates a charging and discharging control chip, an overvoltage protection unit, and a current balancing unit. The energy storage management circuit board is electrically connected to the charging control module, the rechargeable battery, and the circuit board assembly through a bidirectional charging and discharging interface, forming a "power generation-energy storage-power supply" collaborative loop.

[0089] The energy storage management circuit board is the core control unit of the buffer energy storage module, integrating a charge / discharge control chip, an overvoltage protection unit, and a current balancing unit. The charge / discharge control chip uses a dedicated supercapacitor management chip, which can precisely control the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor bank. It automatically switches the charging and discharging mode according to the system's power supply status and battery power status to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the supercapacitor bank.

[0090] The overvoltage protection unit employs a high-precision voltage detection chip and power switching devices to monitor the voltage status of the supercapacitor bank in real time. When the voltage exceeds a preset threshold, it quickly cuts off the charging circuit to prevent damage to the supercapacitor bank due to overvoltage, ensuring the safe operation of the buffer energy storage module. The current balancing unit uses passive or active balancing technology to balance the charging current of each individual cell in the supercapacitor bank. This prevents some cells from being overcharged due to excessive charging current, or undercharged due to insufficient charging current, ensuring the consistency of performance of each supercapacitor cell and extending the overall service life of the supercapacitor bank.

[0091] The buffer energy storage module is connected in parallel with the rechargeable battery, and the total withstand voltage of the supercapacitor bank is higher than the rated voltage of the rechargeable battery. When the power generation coil mechanism 300 has sufficient power, part of the electrical energy is used to charge the rechargeable battery, and the other part can be stored in the supercapacitor bank through the interface. When the power generation is insufficient or the rechargeable battery fails to switch, the electrical energy stored in the supercapacitor bank can be output to the circuit board assembly through the interface to achieve emergency power supply. Its total capacity configuration meets the following requirements: when the power generation is insufficient or the battery switches, it can maintain a stable power supply to the core components (signal processing module, wireless transmission module) of the converter mechanism 200 for at least 30 seconds. This time design ensures that the core function of the flow meter is not affected during the power supply gap, and guarantees the continuous acquisition and transmission of flow data.

[0092] Example 3: The difference from Example 2 is that;

[0093] The charging and discharging logic of the energy storage management circuit board is linked to the coil switching state of the power generation coil mechanism 300 and the charge status of the rechargeable battery, including:

[0094] When the charging control module detects that the rechargeable battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage (lower than 80% of the rated voltage) and the power generation coil mechanism 300 is in full-load power generation mode (all coil components 330 in the usage area are connected), it indicates that the rechargeable battery is in a low-charge state, but the power generation system has sufficient power generation capacity. The energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor group to enter the "auxiliary charging mode," synchronously supplying power to the rechargeable battery with the power generation coil mechanism 300. The supercapacitor group outputs electrical energy to the rechargeable battery through the bidirectional charging and discharging interface, synchronously supplying power to the rechargeable battery with the power generation coil mechanism 300. The core function of this mode is to improve charging efficiency, shorten charging time, and enable the rechargeable battery to quickly recover to a full-charge state, ensuring a sufficient power supply for the flow meter during subsequent operation. At the same time, the auxiliary power supply of the supercapacitor group can reduce the power supply pressure on the power generation coil mechanism 300, avoid overheating of the coil components 330 due to prolonged full-load power generation, and extend the service life of the power generation coil mechanism 300.

[0095] When the charging control module detects that the battery voltage has reached the preset full-charge voltage, the charging circuit is disconnected to prevent overcharging. At this time, the generator coil mechanism 300 may still be generating power, and the surplus energy generated would be wasted if not utilized. Upon detecting this state, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor bank to enter "energy storage mode," receiving the remaining power generated by the generator coil mechanism 300 through a bidirectional charging and discharging interface, and storing the excess energy in the supercapacitor bank. This mode achieves energy recovery and utilization, improves energy efficiency, and simultaneously reserves energy for potential power shortages or emergency power supply scenarios, enhancing the flexibility and reliability of the power supply system.

[0096] When the fluid flow rate is too low, resulting in insufficient power generation (the output current of the power generation coil is below a preset threshold) or when a rechargeable battery malfunctions and requires switching, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor bank to enter "emergency power supply mode." This mode outputs stable DC power to the circuit board components through a bidirectional charging and discharging interface, filling the power supply gap. The high power density of the supercapacitor bank allows it to quickly release energy to fill the power supply gap, ensuring the normal operation of the converter mechanism's 200 core components (signal processing module, wireless transmission module) and preventing interruptions in flow data acquisition or loss of wireless communication. This mode provides ample time for troubleshooting, battery replacement, or fluid flow rate restoration, ensuring the continuity and stability of the flow meter's operation.

[0097] The overvoltage protection unit's trigger threshold is set to 1.2 times the rated voltage of the rechargeable battery. This threshold setting is based on the voltage withstand characteristics of the supercapacitor bank and the safe voltage range of the rechargeable battery. It can fully utilize the energy storage capacity of the supercapacitor bank while effectively preventing damage to the rechargeable battery, circuit board components, and other parts caused by excessive supercapacitor bank voltage. When the supercapacitor bank voltage exceeds this threshold, it automatically cuts off the charging circuit, stops charging the supercapacitor bank, and resumes charging only after the voltage drops to a safe range, ensuring the safe operation of the buffer energy storage module. The current balancing unit is used to balance the charging current of each cell in the supercapacitor bank, avoiding overcharging or undercharging of individual cells. The current balancing unit adopts advanced current balancing technology, which can monitor the charging current of each cell in the supercapacitor bank in real time. By adjusting the balancing resistor or using an active balancing circuit, it balances the charging current of each cell, preventing some cells from being overcharged and damaged due to excessive charging current, or some cells from not fully utilizing their capacity due to insufficient charging current. This ensures the performance consistency of each supercapacitor cell, extends the overall service life of the supercapacitor bank, and improves the reliability and stability of the buffer energy storage module.

[0098] A method for using a self-generating IoT turbine flow meter includes the following steps:

[0099] S1. Equipment Installation: Place the two semi-circular sleeves onto the preset installation area of ​​the tube 110 of the sensor mechanism 100, so that the limiting protrusion Q2 on the outer surface of the tube 110 is inserted into the limiting port Q1 on the side of the semi-circular sleeve. Lock the two semi-circular sleeves together with the outer sleeve clip 312 to form a complete coil sleeve 310, ensuring that the sealing gasket of the mating surface is tightly fitted. Install the converter housing 210 of the converter mechanism 200 onto the upper end of the tube 110 by thread, so that the probe 220 extends into the inside of the tube 110 and corresponds to the impeller assembly 120. Check the wire connection between the power board 320 and the charging control module of the converter mechanism 200 to ensure that the charging circuit is conductive.

[0100] S2. Initial power generation configuration: After the equipment is powered on, the charging control module detects the voltage of the charging battery through the voltage detection unit and activates the coil assembly 330 in the power generation chamber 311 by default. The coil assembly 330 is in close contact with the elastic contact piece of the distribution board 322 through the contact protrusion, forming an electrical connection. When the fluid flows through the pipe body 110, it drives the impeller assembly 120 to rotate. The impeller assembly 120 rotates and cuts the magnetic field lines. Due to the change in magnetic flux, all coil assemblies 330 generate current. The current is rectified by the distribution board 322 and processed by the main board 321 before being used to charge the charging battery through the charging control module.

[0101] S3. Dynamic Coil Switching: When the charging control module detects that the charging battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage and the current power generation cannot meet the charging demand, it sends a signal to the drive unit 340. The drive unit 340 drives the coil assembly 330 in the spare area to slide along the guide rail 313 to the use area through the magnetic buckle 341. The contact protrusion of the coil assembly 330 connects with the elastic contact piece of the corresponding power distribution board 322 to conduct electricity, increasing the number of coils in the use area to improve the power generation. When the charging battery voltage reaches the preset full charge voltage and the charging circuit is disconnected, if the power generation coil mechanism 300 is still in the power generation state, the drive unit 340 drives the excess use area coil assembly 330 back to the spare area to reduce the number of working coils and avoid energy waste.

[0102] S4, Energy Storage Mode Coordination: The buffer energy storage module switches its operating mode based on the linkage signal between the charging control module and the energy storage management circuit board.

[0103] S41, Auxiliary charging mode: When the charging battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage and the power generation coil mechanism 300 generates power at full load, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor group and the power generation coil mechanism 300 to synchronously supply power to the charging battery.

[0104] S42, Energy Storage Mode: When the charging circuit is disconnected due to the full charge of the rechargeable battery, the supercapacitor bank receives and stores the remaining power generated by the power generation coil mechanism 300.

[0105] S43, Emergency Power Supply Mode: When the fluid flow rate is too low, resulting in insufficient power generation or battery failure, the supercapacitor bank outputs stable DC power to the circuit board assembly through the bidirectional charging and discharging interface to fill the power supply gap.

[0106] S5. Maintenance and Replacement: When a coil assembly 330 fails, remove the cover plate 314 of the spare area of ​​the corresponding generator chamber 311. If the faulty coil assembly 330 is located in the use area, remove it directly through the disassembly port A for replacement. If the faulty coil assembly 330 is located in the spare area, release the magnetic snap-lock 341 connection of the drive component 340, remove the faulty component along the guide rail 313 and replace it. After replacement, reset the new coil assembly 330, close the cover plate 314 and fix it with bolts to ensure reliable sealing and positioning.

[0107] S6. Data transmission and monitoring: The signal processing module of the circuit board assembly converts the flow signal collected by the probe 220 into data, and realizes remote data transmission through the wireless transmission module and antenna 240; at the same time, the charging control module and the energy storage management circuit board synchronously upload information such as battery voltage, coil working status, and energy storage mode to the monitoring platform to realize real-time monitoring of the equipment's operating status.

[0108] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-generating IoT turbine flow meter, characterized in that, include: Sensor mechanism, converter mechanism, and power generation coil mechanism; The sensor mechanism includes a tube and an impeller assembly mounted inside the tube; The converter mechanism includes a converter housing and a metering probe that corresponds to and cooperates with the impeller assembly; The power generation coil mechanism includes a coil jacket and a power board; the coil jacket has several circumferentially distributed power generation cavities inside, and each power generation cavity is equipped with an independent coil assembly; Each power generation chamber area is divided into a usage area and a standby area. Some coil assemblies are in the usage area and cooperate with the impeller assembly of the sensor mechanism to generate electricity. The remaining coil assemblies are in the standby area and cannot cooperate with the impeller assembly of the sensor mechanism to generate electricity. The coil jacket is equipped with a drive component that drives the coil assemblies in the standby area to move to the usage area, thereby increasing the number of coil assemblies in the usage area and enabling them to participate in power generation synchronously. The coil sleeve is a ring-shaped structure that can be adapted to the tube body of the sensor mechanism; The coil clamp is composed of two symmetrical semi-circular sleeves spliced ​​together. Each of the two semi-circular sleeves has a limiting port Q1 on both sides, and the outer surface of the tube is provided with a limiting protrusion Q2 for inserting into the limiting port Q1. This is used to clamp the coil clamp formed by splicing the two semi-circular sleeves in the designated installation area to prevent installation errors of the generator coil mechanism and deviation during power generation. The coil assembly located in the standby area slides axially via a guide rail frame. One end of the guide rail frame extends into the interior of the operating area, and the length of the guide rail frame is set to be able to move the coil assembly from the standby area to the operating area to participate in power generation. The coil assembly consists of a coil and a magnetic core fixed inside the coil; The guide rail frame located in the standby area includes two guide rails, which are fixed to the inner wall of the standby area and the inner side of the cover plate, respectively. The opposite ends of the two guide rails are in close contact, which is used to move the coil assembly in the standby area from the guide rail in the standby area to the guide rail on the cover plate for power generation. The drive end of the drive unit is detachably connected to the main support of the coil assembly in the standby area through a magnetic snap-fit. The terminals of several distribution boards are mounted on the side walls of several spare areas via elastic contact pieces, and all the leads of the coil assemblies are provided with contact protrusions for close contact with the elastic contact pieces, forming an electrical connection between the coil assemblies in the use area and the distribution boards.

2. The self-generating IoT turbine flow meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two semi-circular sleeves are locked together by an outer sleeve clip. The mating surfaces of the two semi-circular sleeves are equipped with sealing gaskets, and the number of power generation chambers inside each semi-circular sleeve is equal.

3. The self-generating IoT turbine flow meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the coil jacket is provided with several circumferentially distributed disassembly ports A, and the several disassembly ports A are respectively connected to the spare areas of several power generation chambers. The interior of the several disassembly ports A is detachably installed with a cover plate by bolts. The coil assemblies in the usage area and the coil assemblies in the standby area are arranged in a ring-shaped cross pattern. Some coil assemblies located in the usage area can be directly fixed to the cover plate, allowing for the replacement of individual coil assemblies in the usage area by removing the cover plate when the coil assembly fails.

4. The self-generating IoT turbine flow meter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power board includes a main power board and several distribution power boards; the several distribution power boards are all connected to the main power board via wires; The main circuit board is fixed to the outer wall of the coil jacket. The main circuit board is electrically connected to the charging control module of the converter mechanism through wires to form a charging circuit. The charging control module has a built-in voltage detection unit and a switching unit. When the charging battery voltage reaches the preset full charge voltage, the switching unit disconnects the charging circuit; when the charging battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage, the switching unit closes the charging circuit. Several distribution boards are fixed to the side of the coil jacket for initial rectification of the coil assembly in the usage area.

5. The self-generating IoT turbine flow meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The converter housing is installed on the upper end of the tube by means of threads; and the probe is fixed to the lower end of the converter housing, extending into the inside of the tube and corresponding to the impeller assembly.

6. The self-generating IoT turbine flow meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The converter mechanism also includes a circuit board assembly, a buffer energy storage module, a battery compartment, a rechargeable battery, and an antenna. The circuit board assembly and the buffer energy storage module are both installed inside the converter housing, and the circuit board assembly integrates a signal processing module, a wireless transmission module, and a charging control module. The rechargeable battery is installed inside the battery compartment and is electrically connected to the charging control module. The antenna is fixed to the top of the converter housing and is electrically connected to the wireless transmission module. The power board is electrically connected to the charging control module via wires to form a charging circuit.

7. The self-generating IoT turbine flow meter according to claim 6, characterized in that, The buffer energy storage module includes a supercapacitor bank, an energy storage management circuit board, and a bidirectional charge / discharge interface. The supercapacitor bank consists of several supercapacitor cells connected in series and is fixed to the battery compartment inside the converter housing by an insulating bracket. The energy storage management circuit board integrates a charge / discharge control chip, an overvoltage protection unit, and a current balancing unit. The energy storage management circuit board is electrically connected to the charging control module, the rechargeable battery, and the circuit board assembly through the bidirectional charge / discharge interface, forming a "power generation-energy storage-power supply" collaborative loop. The buffer energy storage module is connected in parallel with the rechargeable battery, and the total withstand voltage of the supercapacitor group is higher than the rated voltage of the rechargeable battery.

8. The self-generating IoT turbine flow meter according to claim 7, characterized in that, The charging and discharging logic of the energy storage management circuit board is linked to the coil switching state of the power generation coil mechanism and the charge status of the rechargeable battery, including: When the charging control module detects that the charging battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage and the power generation coil mechanism is in full-load power generation state, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor group to enter the "auxiliary charging mode" and synchronously supply power to the charging battery with the power generation coil mechanism. When the charging control module detects that the charging battery voltage has reached the preset full charge voltage and the charging circuit is disconnected, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor group to enter "energy storage mode" to receive the remaining power generated by the power generation coil mechanism. When the fluid flow rate is too low, resulting in insufficient power generation or a faulty rechargeable battery requiring switching, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor bank to enter the "emergency power supply mode" and outputs stable DC power to the circuit board assembly through the bidirectional charging and discharging interface to fill the power supply gap. The overvoltage protection unit is set to trigger threshold of 1.2 times the rated voltage of the rechargeable battery. It is used to automatically cut off the charging circuit when the voltage of the supercapacitor group exceeds the threshold. The current balancing unit is used to balance the charging current of each cell in the supercapacitor group to avoid overcharging or undercharging of individual cells.

9. The method of using the self-generating IoT turbine flow meter according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Equipment installation: Fit the two semi-circular sleeves of the coil clamp to the preset area of ​​the tube body, install the converter housing of the converter mechanism on the upper end of the tube body, align the probe with the impeller assembly, and at the same time check the connection between the power board and the charging control module to ensure that the charging circuit is conductive. S2. Initial power generation configuration: After the equipment is started, the charging control module detects the voltage of the charging battery through the voltage detection unit and activates the coil assembly in the operating area by default. The coil assembly forms an electrical connection with the elastic contact piece of the distribution board through the contact protrusion; the fluid drives the impeller assembly to rotate, and the rotation of the impeller assembly cuts the magnetic field lines. Due to the change in magnetic flux, current is generated in each coil assembly. After rectification by the distribution board and processing by the main board, the current charges the charging battery through the charging control module. S3. Dynamic Coil Switching: When the rechargeable battery voltage is lower than the preset discharge voltage and the power generation is insufficient, the drive unit moves the coil assembly in the spare area along the guide rail to the use area. The coil assembly connects with the corresponding power distribution board and is energized, increasing the number of working coils to improve the power generation. When the battery is fully charged and the charging circuit is disconnected, the drive unit returns the excess working coil assembly to the spare area to avoid energy waste. S4, Energy Storage Mode Coordination: The buffer energy storage module switches working modes according to the equipment operating status: when the charging battery is low on power and the power generation coil mechanism is generating power at full load, the energy storage management circuit board controls the supercapacitor group to charge synchronously; after the battery is fully charged, the supercapacitor group stores the remaining electrical energy of the power generation coil mechanism; when the power generation power is insufficient or the charging battery fails, the supercapacitor group provides emergency power to the circuit board assembly through the bidirectional charging and discharging interface to fill the power supply gap. S5. Maintenance and Replacement: When the coil assembly fails, remove the cover plate of the corresponding area, take out the faulty coil assembly directly for replacement, reset it after replacement and fix the cover plate with bolts to ensure reliable sealing and positioning. S6. Data transmission and monitoring: The signal processing module converts the flow signal collected by the probe into data and transmits it remotely to the antenna via the wireless transmission module; at the same time, it uploads information such as battery voltage, coil component working status, and energy storage mode to the monitoring platform to achieve real-time monitoring.

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