Method and device for calculating mine frame head line and throwing line based on DEM data and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and device for calculating a mine head line and a throwing line based on DEM data and a medium. The method comprises the steps that the DEM data of a mine area are obtained, the mine slope is calculated through a finite difference method, potential head points are screened, and the head line is generated; calculating the throwing distance and direction of each frame head point according to a specific formula, and then connecting to generate a throwing line; and performing result optimization and verification on the frame head line and the throwing line obtained by calculation, and adjusting calculation parameters according to a verification result. According to the method, by means of DEM data and in combination with an automatic algorithm, mass topographic information can be rapidly processed, the calculation period of a mine frame head line and a throwing line is greatly shortened, the working efficiency is improved, and the timeliness requirement of large-scale mining of mines is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining head lines and throwing lines acquisition technology, and in particular to a method, equipment and medium for calculating mining head lines and throwing lines based on DEM data. Background Technology

[0002] In the mining industry, the scientific and rational planning of mining operation lines is a key link in ensuring mining efficiency, safety, and economic benefits. Among them, the accurate determination of the mine's access road and blasting line plays a decisive role in the blasting design, mining and transportation arrangements, and slope stability control of open-pit mines.

[0003] Traditional methods for determining mine access lines and casting lines primarily rely on manual field surveying and experience-based judgment. Manual field surveying is extremely time-consuming, resource-intensive, and difficult in complex terrain. Furthermore, the accuracy of the survey data is easily affected by human factors and harsh environments, making it unsuitable for the demands of modern large-scale, high-efficiency mining. Simultaneously, experience-based judgment methods lack scientific basis, and the results from different personnel can vary significantly, leading to unreasonable mining planning and consequently causing a series of problems such as resource waste, frequent safety accidents, and increased mining costs.

[0004] With the rapid development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data has been widely used in mining engineering due to its ability to accurately represent topographic features. DEM data contains rich topographic information, providing a new data source and technical means for calculating mine access lines and casting lines.

[0005] For example, invention application No. 202510907676.7 discloses a method and system for laying out blasting holes in open-pit mines. This application includes a detection vehicle equipped with GR, SWL, GPS receivers, LS, and ES to acquire target blasting parameters for laying out blasting holes in the open-pit mine. However, this application suffers from drawbacks: on-site measurements require significant manpower, resources, and time; in complex terrain conditions, the measurement work is not only difficult and inefficient, but the accuracy of the measurement data is also easily affected by human factors and harsh environments, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern large-scale, high-efficiency mining.

[0006] Currently, there is no mature, systematic, and efficient method for calculating mine access lines and casting lines based on DEM data. Therefore, developing a method for calculating mine access lines and casting lines based on DEM data is of significant practical importance. This method can fully utilize the advantages of DEM data, overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods, and achieve accurate and rapid calculation of mine operation lines, providing strong support for scientific mining and sustainable development. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, equipment, and medium for calculating mine head lines and throwing lines based on DEM data, so as to achieve efficient and accurate calculation and provide a reliable basis for scientific mining.

[0008] This invention provides a method, equipment, and medium for calculating mine head lines and throwing lines based on DEM data.

[0009] First aspect: A method for calculating mine frame lines and throwing lines based on DEM data, including:

[0010] S1. Obtain DEM data of the mining area and perform preprocessing;

[0011] S2. Based on the preprocessed data, the finite difference method is used to calculate the mine slope;

[0012] S3. Based on the mine slope, potential support points are screened, and the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to connect adjacent support points to generate support lines.

[0013] S4. Based on the blasting parameters and a specific formula, calculate the throwing distance and direction of each launch point, and then connect them to generate the throwing line;

[0014] S5. Optimize and verify the calculated frame line and throwing line, and adjust the calculation parameters based on the verification results.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the DEM data is acquired by aerial photogrammetry, satellite remote sensing or ground laser scanning.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data preprocessing in S1 includes:

[0017] The DEM data is filtered using a Gaussian filtering algorithm, expressed by the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] in, Let be the Gaussian kernel function, σ be the standard deviation of the Gaussian kernel, n be half the size of the filter window, and z(x,y) be the original DEM data. Filtered data.

[0020] Bilinear interpolation is used to interpolate the missing DEM data. The formula is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] in, (x1,y1,z1), (x1,y2,z2), (x2,y1,z3), and (x2,y2,z4) are the coordinates and elevations of the four adjacent points of the missing grid point. This represents the elevation of the missing points in the interpolated grid.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the finite difference method is used to calculate the mine slope in step S2, and the formula is expressed as:

[0024]

[0025]

[0026]

[0027] Where Sx and Sy are the slope components of the grid points in the x and y directions, respectively, and Δx and Δy are the grid spacing of the DEM data in the x and y directions, respectively. The slope of the mine is represented by the grid points.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes the following steps:

[0029] S31, Set the slope threshold Sth;

[0030] S32. Traverse all grid points and mark grid points with a mine slope greater than or equal to the threshold Sth as potential frame points;

[0031] S33. The Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to triangulate the potential frame head points. Then, based on the edge connection relationship of the triangles, adjacent frame head points are connected to form a continuous frame head line.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S4 includes the following steps:

[0033] S41. Determine blasting parameters based on the rock properties, explosive performance, and mining scale of the mine;

[0034] S42. Calculate the throwing distance R at each frame point using an empirical formula, expressed as follows:

[0035]

[0036] Where k is the throwing coefficient, W is the minimum resistance line, and q is the explosive consumption per unit.

[0037] S43. For each launch point, determine its throwing direction based on the slope and terrain features of its location;

[0038] S44. Starting from each starting point, along the throwing direction, and with the calculated throwing distance R as the ending point, connect all starting points and ending points to form a throwing line.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S5 involves optimizing and verifying the calculated launch line and throwing line, including:

[0040] The calculated frame line and throwing line are smoothed using spline curve interpolation.

[0041] A portion of the calculation results were selected for field verification.

[0042] Second aspect: An electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the program, performs the steps of the method provided in the first aspect.

[0043] Third aspect: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method provided in the first aspect.

[0044] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0045] 1. The method for calculating mine access lines and throwing lines based on DEM data proposed in this invention has high computational efficiency. Traditional methods rely heavily on manual field measurements and experience-based judgments, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and easily affected by environmental limitations. In contrast, this invention, by utilizing DEM data and combining it with automated algorithms, can quickly process massive amounts of terrain information, significantly shorten the calculation cycle, improve work efficiency, and meet the time-sensitive requirements of large-scale mining.

[0046] 2. The method for calculating mine access lines and throwing lines based on DEM data proposed in this invention has the advantage of high accuracy. DEM data accurately reflects the mine's topography and landforms. This invention utilizes DEM data for scientific calculations, avoiding errors from manual measurement and the subjectivity of experience-based judgments. The calculated access lines and throwing lines are more accurate, providing a reliable basis for mine planning and effectively reducing mining risks.

[0047] 3. The method for calculating mine access lines and casting lines based on DEM data proposed in this invention is highly versatile and applicable to mines with different geological conditions and mining scales. It can also be integrated with other digital systems in the mine to achieve data sharing and collaborative work, promoting the intelligent and refined development of mining operations and improving the overall economic and social benefits of the mine. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of the method of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2This is a schematic flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar symbols denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0052] Traditional manual on-site surveying techniques for determining the derrick and casting lines have significant drawbacks. In complex mine terrain, not only is surveying difficult and inefficient, but the accuracy of the data is also easily affected by environmental and human factors, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the results. Methods relying on experience lack scientific quantitative basis, and significant differences in judgment among different personnel lead to unreasonable mining planning.

[0053] In response to the above problems, such as Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a method for calculating mine head lines and throwing lines based on DEM data, achieving efficient and accurate calculations and providing a reliable basis for scientific mining.

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a method for calculating mine frame lines and throwing lines based on DEM data, including the following steps:

[0056] S1. Obtain DEM data of the mining area and perform preprocessing.

[0057] First, data acquisition is carried out to obtain DEM data of the mining area. DEM data can be obtained through aerial photogrammetry, satellite remote sensing or ground laser scanning, etc., to ensure that the data has high resolution and accuracy to accurately reflect the topographic features of the mine.

[0058] Taking a certain open-pit iron mine as an example, data is collected and processed by drones to generate DEM data of the open-pit iron mine in real time. The data covers the entire mining area and a certain range around it, with a spatial resolution of 0.1 meters. That is, each data point represents an actual ground area of ​​0.1 meters × 0.1 meters. The data format is GeoTIFF format, which is convenient for subsequent processing and analysis.

[0059] Then, preprocessing is performed, including data cropping, filtering, and smoothing.

[0060] Data cropping involves using Geographic Information System (GIS) software to crop DEM data based on the mining planning scope, removing data from irrelevant areas and reducing the amount of subsequent calculations.

[0061] Data filtering is used because the original DEM data may contain noise and outliers. Gaussian filtering or median filtering algorithms can be used to filter the DEM data to remove noise interference.

[0062] Let the original DEM data be z(x,y), and the filtered data be... For Gaussian filtering, the formula is expressed as:

[0063]

[0064] in, σ is the Gaussian kernel function, σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian kernel, and n is half the size of the filter window.

[0065] Median filtering can also be used to denoise the cropped DEM data. Taking an open-pit iron mine as an example, the median filtering window size is set to 3×3. For each data point, the elevation values ​​of the data points in the 3×3 neighborhood centered on that data point are sorted, and the median value is taken as the denoised elevation value of that data point. This operation effectively removes isolated noise points from the data, making the terrain surface smoother.

[0066] Data interpolation is used to further improve data accuracy. The bilinear interpolation method can be used to interpolate the denoised DEM data.

[0067] Bilinear interpolation is used to interpolate the missing DEM data. The formula is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] in, (x1,y1,z1), (x1,y2,z2), (x2,y1,z3), and (x2,y2,z4) are the coordinates and elevations of the four adjacent points of the missing grid point. This represents the elevation of the missing points in the interpolated grid.

[0070] For each point to be interpolated, the elevation estimate is calculated using a bilinear interpolation formula based on the elevation values ​​of four surrounding known data points. After interpolation, the resolution of the DEM data is increased to 0.05 meters, reflecting the mine's topographic features in greater detail.

[0071] S2. Based on the preprocessed data, the finite difference method is used to calculate the mine slope.

[0072] First, calculate the slope components of the mine. For each grid point (x, y), the elevations of its four surrounding adjacent grid points are respectively... , , , The finite difference method is used to calculate the slope components S in the x and y directions for each grid point using DEM data. x and S y The formula is expressed as:

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Then, the slope is calculated. The slope S of each grid point is calculated based on the slope components. The formula is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Where Δx and Δy are the grid spacings of the DEM data in the x and y directions, respectively, and can be taken as Δx = Δy = 0.5 meters.

[0078] The slope of each data point is calculated using the method described above, generating a slope distribution map of the mine.

[0079] Then, the slope aspect is further calculated. The formula for calculating the slope aspect α is:

[0080]

[0081] Based on the calculation results, the slope aspect is divided into 8 main directions (east, south, west, north, northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest), generating a mine slope aspect distribution map.

[0082] S3. Based on the mine slope, potential support points are screened, and the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to connect adjacent support points to generate support lines.

[0083] First, set the slope threshold S. th For example, taking into account the rock properties, mining technology, and safety requirements of open-pit iron mines, a safe slope threshold can be set. .

[0084] Then, potential frame points are screened by iterating through all grid points and selecting those with a mine slope greater than or equal to the threshold S. th The grid points are marked as potential framehead points.

[0085] Then, the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to triangulate the potential frame head points. Then, based on the edge connection relationship of the triangles, adjacent frame head points are connected to form a continuous frame head line.

[0086] Furthermore, cluster analysis can be performed on potential rackhead points using a density-based clustering algorithm (DBSCAN), with a neighborhood radius of ϵ=2 meters and a minimum number of points MinPts=5, to cluster adjacent potential rackhead points into potential rackhead regions.

[0087] For each potential framehead region, the convex hull algorithm is used to determine its boundary. The convex hull algorithm determines the boundary by finding the smallest convex polygon that can enclose all potential framehead points. Connecting the boundaries of all potential framehead regions forms a continuous framehead line.

[0088] S4. Based on the blasting parameters and a specific formula, calculate the throwing distance and direction of each launch point, and then connect them to generate the throwing line.

[0089] First, based on the rock properties, explosive performance, and mining scale of the mine, blasting parameters are determined, including explosive consumption q and hole pattern parameters (hole spacing a and row spacing b).

[0090] For example, based on the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks in an open-pit iron mine and the scale of mining, the blasting parameters for an open-pit iron mine are determined as follows: explosive consumption q = 0.8 kg / m³; hole diameter d = 150 mm; hole depth L = 12 m.

[0091] Calculate the minimum resistance line W. For example, in an open-pit iron mine, according to the empirical formula W=(0.6−0.8)d, take W=0.7d=0.7×0.15=0.105 meters (this is a simplified example; in actual applications, it can be calculated based on a more accurate model). Combining the actual conditions of the mine and similar engineering experience, the minimum resistance line W is finally determined to be 3 meters.

[0092] Then, the throwing distance R at each launch point is calculated using an empirical formula, which is expressed as:

[0093]

[0094] Where k is the throwing coefficient, which is related to the rock properties and blasting conditions, and generally takes a value ranging from 0.5 to 1.5. For this open-pit iron mine, k = 1.2 is taken. W is the minimum resistance line, which can be calculated based on the hole mesh parameters. q represents the unit consumption of explosive.

[0095] For example, to calculate the throwing distance R of this open-pit iron ore mine, rice.

[0096] Next, the throwing direction is determined based on the mine slope and mining direction, generally perpendicular to the support line. For each support point, based on its location's slope and terrain features, combined with the overall mining direction, the throwing direction is determined to be perpendicular to the support line and pointing towards the mining area.

[0097] Then, a throwing line is generated, starting from each launch point, along the throwing direction, and ending at the calculated throwing distance R, connecting all the start and end points to form the throwing line.

[0098] S5. Optimize and verify the calculated frame line and throwing line, and adjust the calculation parameters based on the verification results.

[0099] First, a smoothing process is performed on the calculated frame-head lines and throwing lines to remove any jagged edges and unreasonable inflection points, improving the continuity and smoothness of the lines. Spline curve interpolation can be used for this smoothing process.

[0100] Next, on-site verification was conducted. Three different areas were selected at the mine site to measure the calculated scaffolding line and throwing line. A total station was used to measure the actual position of the scaffolding line and the actual range of the throwing line, and the on-site measurement results were compared with the calculated results.

[0101] Then, adjustments were made. Based on the field verification results, the calculated throwing line deviated from the actual throwing range in some areas. The main reason was the influence of geological structure and rock joints during the blasting process. Therefore, the throwing coefficient k could be adjusted, with the k value set between 1.1 and 1.3 according to the geological conditions of different areas.

[0102] Furthermore, dynamic adjustments are made based on the results, and the throwing distance and throwing line are recalculated to make the calculation results more consistent with the actual situation.

[0103] This invention leverages the rich topographic information contained in DEM data and employs advanced algorithms and data processing technologies to quickly and accurately calculate mine access lines and throwing lines. This method is not only applicable to open-pit mine planning but also provides crucial data support for mine topographic analysis and slope stability assessment, promoting the development of intelligent and precise mining engineering.

[0104] The present invention also provides an electronic device, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device may include a processor, a communications interface, memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, communications interface, and memory communicate with each other via the communication bus. The processor can call logical instructions from the memory, for example, executing the following method:

[0105] S1. Obtain DEM data of the mining area and perform preprocessing;

[0106] S2. Based on the preprocessed data, the finite difference method is used to calculate the mine slope;

[0107] S3. Based on the mine slope, potential support points are screened, and the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to connect adjacent support points to generate support lines.

[0108] S4. Based on the blasting parameters and a specific formula, calculate the throwing distance and direction of each launch point, and then connect them to generate the throwing line;

[0109] S5. Optimize and verify the calculated frame line and throwing line, and adjust the calculation parameters based on the verification results.

[0110] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory can be implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0111] This invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to perform the methods provided in the above embodiments, including, for example:

[0112] S1. Obtain DEM data of the mining area and perform preprocessing;

[0113] S2. Based on the preprocessed data, the finite difference method is used to calculate the mine slope;

[0114] S3. Based on the mine slope, potential support points are screened, and the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to connect adjacent support points to generate support lines.

[0115] S4. Based on the blasting parameters and a specific formula, calculate the throwing distance and direction of each launch point, and then connect them to generate the throwing line;

[0116] S5. Optimize and verify the calculated frame line and throwing line, and adjust the calculation parameters based on the verification results.

[0117] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0118] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0119] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating mine frame lines and throwing lines based on DEM data, characterized in that, include: S1. Obtain DEM data of the mining area and perform preprocessing; S2. Based on the preprocessed data, the finite difference method is used to calculate the mine slope; S3. Based on the mine slope, potential support points are screened, and the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to connect adjacent support points to generate support lines. S4. Based on the blasting parameters and a specific formula, calculate the throwing distance and direction of each launch point, and then connect them to generate the throwing line; S5. Optimize and verify the calculated frame line and throwing line, and adjust the calculation parameters based on the verification results.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DEM data is acquired through aerial photogrammetry, satellite remote sensing, or ground laser scanning.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data preprocessing in S1 includes: The DEM data is filtered using a Gaussian filtering algorithm, expressed by the following formula: in, Let be the Gaussian kernel function, σ be the standard deviation of the Gaussian kernel, n be half the size of the filter window, and z(x,y) be the original DEM data. Filtered data; Bilinear interpolation is used to interpolate the missing DEM data. The formula is as follows: in, (x1,y1,z1), (x1,y2,z2), (x2,y1,z3), and (x2,y2,z4) are the coordinates and elevations of the four adjacent points of the missing grid point. This represents the elevation of the missing points in the interpolated grid.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the finite difference method is used to calculate the mine slope, and the formula is expressed as follows: Among them, S x and S y Let Δx and Δy represent the slope components of the grid points in the x and y directions, respectively, and let Δx and Δy represent the grid spacing of the DEM data in the x and y directions, respectively. The slope of the mine is represented by the grid points.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 includes the following steps: S31, Set the slope threshold S th ; S32. Traverse all grid points, and assign points to mines with a slope greater than or equal to the threshold S. th The grid points are marked as potential framehead points; S33. The Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to triangulate the potential frame head points. Then, based on the edge connection relationship of the triangles, adjacent frame head points are connected to form a continuous frame head line.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 includes the following steps: S41. Determine blasting parameters based on the rock properties, explosive performance, and mining scale of the mine; S42. Calculate the throwing distance R at each frame point using an empirical formula, expressed as follows: Where k is the throwing coefficient, W is the minimum resistance line, and q is the explosive consumption per unit. S43. For each launch point, determine its throwing direction based on the slope and terrain features of its location; S44. Starting from each starting point, along the throwing direction, and with the calculated throwing distance R as the ending point, connect all starting points and ending points to form a throwing line.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 involves optimizing and validating the calculated launch line and throwing line, including: The calculated frame line and throwing line are smoothed using spline curve interpolation. A portion of the calculation results were selected for field verification.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images