Basin clastic rock sedimentary facies mapping method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a mapping method and system for basin clastic rock sedimentary facies, and the method comprises the steps: determining all sedimentary facies types possibly existing in a current basin through considering the terrain environment, stratum distribution and structural elements of a to-be-researched basin; aiming at different sedimentary facies types, respectively taking structures, material sources, landforms and sedimentary facies as research elements, and combining a set sedimentary facies control principle to analyze control association between each research element and the corresponding sedimentary facies; and respectively compiling sedimentary facies planar graphs of stratums in different periods of the current basin by adopting a point-line-plane mode based on the control correlation between each research element and the corresponding sedimentary facies. By adopting the scheme, the defects of complicated operation and insufficient map information accuracy in the prior art can be overcome, the control effect of factors such as the structure, the material source, the landform and the deposition on the sedimentary facies is comprehensively considered, and support is provided for the sedimentary facies evolution law and guidance of oil-gas exploration engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petrochemical engineering exploration and development technology, and in particular to a mapping method and system for sedimentary facies of basin clastic rocks. Background Technology

[0002] Sedimentary facies maps, by depicting the spatial distribution of rock types, stratigraphic boundaries, tectonic elements, and sedimentary facies, help geologists determine the vertical and planar extension of strata, the distribution and spread of sedimentary bodies, and changes in sedimentary environments. Sedimentary facies maps have wide applications in oil and gas exploration and mineral resource assessment. As oilfield exploration and development progresses in depth and the number of new exploration blocks increases, there is an urgent need for basic and systematic sedimentary facies zone delineation and paleogeographic environment reconstruction of target strata. With the increasing application demands of exploration and development, the need for efficient and systematic sedimentary facies mapping is also growing. Therefore, providing a systematic and comprehensive mapping approach and methodology is of great significance. While some existing technologies exist for sedimentary facies identification or mapping, they are complex to operate, and the map information cannot accurately reflect the true stratigraphic characteristics, resulting in limited practicality.

[0003] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for mapping sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in a basin. This method overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as complex operation and insufficient accuracy of map information. It comprehensively considers the control effects of tectonics, provenance, geomorphology, and sedimentation on sedimentary facies, providing support for understanding sedimentary facies evolution and guiding oil and gas exploration projects. The method, for different sedimentary facies types, uses tectonics, provenance, geomorphology, and sedimentation as research elements, and analyzes the control relationships between each research element and its corresponding sedimentary facies based on established sedimentary facies control principles. Sedimentary facies planar maps of strata at different periods in the current basin are compiled using a point-line-surface model based on the control relationships between each research element and its corresponding sedimentary facies. Preferably, in one embodiment, the method includes:

[0005] Step S10: Determine and mark the stratigraphic boundaries of the area to be analyzed based on drilling data and seismic profile information;

[0006] Step S20: Considering the topographic environment, stratigraphic distribution, and tectonic elements of the basin under study, determine all possible sedimentary facies types in the current basin; the sedimentary facies types include tidal flat sedimentary facies, shelf sedimentary facies, and deltaic sedimentary facies;

[0007] Step S30: For different sedimentary facies types, comprehensively consider the structure, provenance, geomorphology and sedimentary elements, and analyze the control relationship between each element and the corresponding sedimentary facies in combination with the established sedimentary facies control principles. Use a point-line-surface model to compile a sedimentary facies plan map of the current strata.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, in step S20, when identifying the sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in the basin, color and lithology, sedimentary structures, profile structure, well logging facies, and seismic facies identification markers are used, and the basin sedimentary background is organically combined to identify the sedimentary facies type.

[0009] Furthermore, in one embodiment, in step S30, the basic analytical directions for controlling sedimentary facies are basin, zone, facies, and sand, with tectonics controlling basin, provenance controlling zone, geomorphology controlling facies, and sediment controlling sand as the principles for controlling sedimentary facies.

[0010] Preferably, in one embodiment, in step S30, for each sub-analysis object, a comprehensive analysis of sedimentary facies using single-well and interconnected-well methods is adopted to obtain mapping parameter information related to its structure, provenance, geomorphology, and sedimentary elements from relevant engineering data, and reflect it in the corresponding sedimentary facies planar map.

[0011] Optionally, in one embodiment, the relevant engineering data includes at least one or more of the following: outcrop data, drilling data, seismic data, and analytical test data.

[0012] In one embodiment, the tectonic background, tectonic activity periods, and paleogeomorphological features of the basin are obtained based on outcrop data, drilling data, seismic data, and analytical test data. Then, the provenance information of the target strata is analyzed by means of test analysis.

[0013] Furthermore, in one embodiment, in step S30, a point-line-surface pattern is used to draw a stratigraphic thickness plan, a sand body thickness plan, and a sand-to-land ratio plan. Based on the source direction and the sand body thickness plan, sedimentary facies plans of different units are drawn in combination with the calibrated dominant facies.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the mapping parameter information for a point on the sedimentary facies plane map includes at least one or more of the following: stratigraphic thickness, sand body thickness, and sand-to-land ratio information.

[0015] Based on other aspects of the methods described in any one or more of the foregoing embodiments, the present invention also provides a storage medium storing program code that can implement the methods described in any one or more of the foregoing embodiments.

[0016] Based on other aspects of the methods described in any one or more of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a mapping system for basin clastic sedimentary facies, which performs the methods described in any one or more of the above embodiments.

[0017] Compared with the closest prior art, the present invention also has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention provides a method and system for mapping sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in a basin. The method determines and marks the stratigraphic boundaries of the area to be analyzed based on drilling data and seismic profile information. Considering the topographic environment, stratigraphic distribution, and tectonic elements of the basin under study, it identifies all possible sedimentary facies types, including tidal flat sedimentary facies, shelf sedimentary facies, and deltaic sedimentary facies. Furthermore, for different sedimentary facies types, it comprehensively considers tectonic, provenance, geomorphological, and sedimentary elements, and analyzes the control relationships between each element and the corresponding sedimentary facies based on established sedimentary facies control principles. A point-line-surface model is used to compile a planar map of the sedimentary facies of the current strata. This scheme integrates the control effects of tectonic, provenance, and paleogeomorphological factors on sedimentary facies, and is suitable for mapping sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in oil and gas basins. The maps clearly show the planar distribution relationships of different sedimentary facies zones at different ages, thus providing theoretical support for the paleogeographic environment of the basin and the delineation of favorable exploration areas. It provides important basis for geological research and engineering decision-making, and has broad application and scientific research value.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the method for mapping basin clastic sedimentary facies provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of rock color and lithological identification markers in the mapping method for basin clastic sedimentary facies provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of the profile structure identification marker in the mapping method for basin clastic sedimentary facies provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4This is an example diagram of well logging facies identification markers in the mapping method for basin clastic sedimentary facies provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is an example diagram of a comprehensive well logging facies identification chart based on well logging curves, curve morphology, lithology, and graded grain size in the mapping method for basin clastic sedimentary facies provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mapping approach used in the basin clastic sedimentary facies mapping method provided in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Those skilled in the art will then fully understand how the present invention uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects, and will be able to implement the present invention specifically based on the above-described implementation process. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the various embodiments and features of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Although the flowchart describes the operations as sequential processes, many of these operations can be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. The order of the operations can be rearranged. A process can terminate when its operation is complete, but it may also have additional steps not included in the diagram. A process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc.

[0029] Computer equipment includes user equipment and network equipment. User equipment or clients include, but are not limited to, computers, smartphones, and PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants); network equipment includes, but is not limited to, a single network server, a server group consisting of multiple network servers, or a cloud based on cloud computing consisting of a large number of computers or network servers. Computer equipment can operate independently to implement this invention, or it can connect to a network and implement this invention through interaction with other computer devices within the network. The network in which the computer equipment resides includes, but is not limited to, the Internet, wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), local area networks (LANs), and VPN networks.

[0030] The terms “first,” “second,” etc., may be used herein to describe various units, but these units should not be limited by these terms; they are used merely to distinguish one unit from another. The term “and / or” as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. When a unit is referred to as “connected” or “coupled” to another unit, it may be directly connected or coupled to said other unit, or there may be intermediate units present.

[0031] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a” and “an” as used herein are also intended to include the plural. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “including” as used herein specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, units, and / or components, without excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, units, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0032] Sedimentary facies maps are geological maps that effectively describe the sedimentary environment and lithological distribution of strata. By depicting the spatial distribution of information such as rock types, stratigraphic boundaries, tectonic elements, and sedimentary facies, they help geologists determine the vertical and planar extension of strata, the distribution and spread of sedimentary bodies, and changes in sedimentary environments. Sedimentary facies maps have wide applications in oil and gas exploration and mineral resource assessment, such as oil and gas exploration projects in the Tarim Basin.

[0033] As oilfield exploration and development progresses in depth and new exploration blocks increase, there is an urgent need for basic and systematic sedimentary facies zone delineation and paleogeographic environment restoration of target strata. With the increasing application demands of exploration and development, the need for efficient and systematic sedimentary facies mapping is also growing. Therefore, providing a systematic and comprehensive mapping approach and methodology is of great significance.

[0034] Existing technologies include several techniques for identifying or mapping sedimentary facies. For example, patent document CN201810273146.1 provides a method and system for identifying sedimentary facies. This method addresses the problem that traditional techniques for identifying sedimentary facies using well logging data rely too heavily on researchers' subjective judgment. It proposes a method to identify sedimentary facies by quantifying the relative changes in natural gamma and spontaneous potential amplitudes, thereby reducing the complexity of the operational process. Patent document CN201810729422.0 provides a method for mapping non-dominant sedimentary facies. This method identifies the dominant and non-dominant microfacies within the strata to be mapped, obtaining the dominant and non-dominant sedimentary facies of the stratigraphic unit to be mapped, and is applied in the field of sedimentary facies mapping.

[0035] The existing technologies mentioned above suffer from the problems of subjective judgment, relativity, and uncertainty in sedimentary facies identification, and the identification methods themselves exhibit significant limitations, simplisticity, and complexity. Furthermore, practical applications do not comprehensively consider the specific basin conditions or integrate fundamental issues such as tectonics, geomorphology, and sedimentary evolution.

[0036] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a mapping method for sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in basins. Based on the sedimentary characteristics of basin clastic strata, it comprehensively considers the controlling effects of tectonic, provenance, and paleogeomorphological factors on sedimentary facies, summarizing a set of mapping ideas and methodologies. This provides important evidence for geological research and engineering decision-making. Geologists can efficiently and reliably infer paleogeographic conditions, the connectivity of sedimentary bodies, and fluid migration paths by analyzing sedimentary facies maps.

[0037] The following describes the detailed flow of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, the steps of which can be executed in a computer system containing, for example, a set of computer-executable instructions. Although the logical order of the steps is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown here.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for mapping sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in a basin, and to provide a systematic mapping and standardized mapping model and method. By analyzing sedimentary facies plan maps, geologists can infer information such as paleogeographic conditions, connectivity of sedimentary bodies, and fluid migration paths, thereby providing important basis for geological research and engineering decision-making.

[0040] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method for mapping basin clastic sedimentary facies provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. (Refer to...) Figure 1 As can be seen, the method includes the following steps.

[0041] Step S10: Determine and mark the stratigraphic boundaries of the area to be analyzed based on drilling data and seismic profile information;

[0042] Step S20: Considering the topographic environment, stratigraphic distribution, and tectonic elements of the basin under study, determine all possible sedimentary facies types in the current basin; the sedimentary facies types include tidal flat sedimentary facies, shelf sedimentary facies, and deltaic sedimentary facies;

[0043] Step S30: For different sedimentary facies types, comprehensively consider the structure, provenance, geomorphology and sedimentary elements, and analyze the control relationship between each element and the corresponding sedimentary facies in combination with the established sedimentary facies control principles. Use a point-line-surface model to compile a sedimentary facies plan map of the current strata.

[0044] In practical applications, data processing is performed first. This involves systematically organizing relevant data such as field profiles, drilling cores, well logging data, and seismic profiles related to the corresponding well groups in the basin under study, to facilitate the analysis and acquisition of sedimentary facies information about the strata. The study area is then determined based on the basin's topographic data, such as the North Tarim Basin.

[0045] This invention first determines the base map and related information of the stratigraphic unit to be mapped, including the boundaries, well locations, mining rights areas, place names, coordinates, and scale of the stratigraphic unit. Secondly, based on the sedimentary microfacies identification markers of the basin under study, and according to geological data, the sedimentary facies types of different topographic regions of the basin under study are determined according to the identification criteria of core facies, well logging facies, and seismic facies.

[0046] The embodiments of the present invention first systematically organize relevant data such as field profiles, well cores, logging data, and seismic profiles related to the strata of the North Tarim Basin and the Kepingtag Formation in order to obtain sedimentary facies information about the strata.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, step S10 involves drawing stratigraphic boundary lines based on a comprehensive interpretation of drilling data and seismic profile information, representing the boundaries between different stratigraphic units.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, different types of sedimentary facies are distinguished by different colors. For example, deep-water shelf facies are distinguished by dark blue, and deltaic facies by light yellow. There are no fixed requirements or restrictions on the use of colors, as long as they are aesthetically pleasing and reasonable.

[0049] In step S20, the sedimentary facies types associated with the basin typically include tidal flats, shelf and deltaic sedimentary facies; for example, the main body of the Silurian Kepingtag Formation in the Tarim Basin is characterized by clastic sediments developed from tidal flats, shelf and deltaic sedimentary facies.

[0050] In practical applications, when identifying sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in a basin, color and lithology, sedimentary structures, profile structure, well logging facies, and seismic facies identification markers are usually used, and these are organically combined with the sedimentary background of the basin to identify sedimentary facies.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, matching techniques can typically be used to identify and mark the color and lithology of stratigraphic rocks; additionally, profile structures can be identified and marked, such as... Figure 3 As shown; Figure 4 This displays the well logging facies identification results and markings. In practical applications, these results and markings can be used to create a comprehensive well logging facies identification chart that integrates well logging curves, curve morphology, lithology, and grain size, facilitating easy access and reference when needed. An example of such a comprehensive well logging facies identification chart is shown below. Figure 5 As shown.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the method further includes:

[0053] Step S21: Mark the dominant facies based on sedimentary facies information. Within a certain mapping time limit, calculate the sedimentary specific gravity of the control point (the percentage of the thickness of a certain sedimentary facies to the thickness of the rock layer within the corresponding mapping time limit). If the sedimentary specific gravity is greater than 50%, it is the dominant facies within that time limit. After determining the sedimentary facies type, mark different sedimentary facies types on the base map of each stratigraphic unit using symbols, fill colors, or graphic forms.

[0054] The embodiments of this invention conduct sedimentary facies mapping and analysis around the basin, zone, facies, and sand aspects of sedimentary facies, with the principle of sedimentary facies control based on tectonics controlling basin, provenance controlling zone, geomorphology controlling facies, and sedimentation controlling sand.

[0055] In step S30, for each sub-analysis object, a comprehensive analysis of sedimentary facies using single-well and multi-well methods is adopted to obtain mapping parameter information related to its structure, provenance, geomorphology, and sedimentation from relevant engineering data, and reflect it in the corresponding sedimentary facies plan map.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, in step S30, the basin to be studied is divided into sub-analysis objects according to different stratigraphic periods. Based on the control correlation between each research element and the corresponding sedimentary facies, a point-line-surface model is used to compile sedimentary facies plane maps of the current basin at different periods.

[0057] The relevant engineering data includes at least one or more of the following: outcrop data, drilling data, seismic data, and analytical test data.

[0058] The mapping parameters for a point on a sedimentary facies plane map include at least one or more of the following: stratigraphic thickness, sand body thickness, and sand-to-land ratio.

[0059] In practical applications, considering the four aspects of structure, geomorphology, provenance, and sedimentation, which constitute a logical sequence of clastic sedimentation, all sedimentary infilling processes can be traced back to the tectonic evolution of the basin. Therefore, the embodiments of this invention more comprehensively consider the control effects of factors such as structure, provenance, geomorphology, and sedimentation on sedimentary facies, and integrate the four-control mechanism of structure controlling basin, provenance controlling zone, geomorphology controlling facies, and sediment controlling sand as the main model for sedimentary facies mapping.

[0060] In practice, we can obtain information such as the tectonic background, tectonic activity periods, and paleogeomorphic features of the basin directly or indirectly from technical means such as outcrops, drilling, seismic data, and laboratory analysis.

[0061] Furthermore, through provenance analysis, using testing and analysis methods such as heavy mineral analysis, major and trace analysis, and dating techniques, the provenance of the target strata can be analyzed and clarified.

[0062] Combining the sedimentary facies type information analyzed above, the four aspects are ultimately organically integrated.

[0063] Specifically, tectonic basin control refers to the significant impact of tectonic activity on the formation and evolution of basins. Researchers have recognized the need to consider the controlling role of tectonics in basin mapping. For example, the Silurian sedimentary period in the Tarim Basin was under a compressional tectonic setting, exhibiting characteristics of foreland basin development, with sedimentary areas trending east-west.

[0064] For provenance-controlled zones, the nature and characteristics of the provenance have a significant impact on the composition and characteristics of sediments; therefore, factors such as the type, source, and migration path of the provenance are fully considered during the mapping process. For example, the Silurian sedimentary period in the Tarim Basin is mainly characterized by three provenance systems: the northern, southern, and eastern parts of the Tarim Basin. These provenance systems control the development location of the sand-bearing systems.

[0065] Regarding geomorphological control of facies, studies have shown that geomorphology also plays a controlling role in the formation and distribution of sedimentary facies. Based on this, the distribution of tidal flat and shelf sedimentary facies zones can be constrained by reconstructing the paleogeography before the deposition of the Silurian Kepingtag Formation.

[0066] For sedimentary sand control, sedimentary facies zones control the planar distribution of sand bodies. For example, in the Kepingtag Formation of the Tarim Basin, subtidal sandbars, intertidal-subtidal channels, and deltaic distributary channels are favorable facies zones for sand body development. Figure 6 As shown.

[0067] Guided by the above-mentioned four-control concept, this invention uses the "point-line-surface" method to map the sedimentary facies planes of the Kepingtag Formation in the Tarim Basin at different periods.

[0068] By investigating the regional geological background and global tectonic activity, a relatively generalized tectonic feature for the target basin is proposed, such as whether it is a compressional or extensional environment and the direction of each stress. This will control the sedimentary pattern and distribution of the basin, which is the basis for mapping.

[0069] Secondly, the determination of the provenance direction is a continuation of the tectonic background research and indirectly verifies the rationality of the paleogeographic reconstruction.

[0070] Methods for prototyping include geological data methods such as sedimentology, seismic data, and well logging data. With the gradual advancement of science and technology, various applied testing technologies have emerged based on the intersection of multiple disciplines, such as electron probe microanalysis, cathodoluminescence, heavy mineral analysis, and zircon dating. These technologies are widely used in sediment prototyping, mineral identification, and age determination.

[0071] Paleomorphological reconstruction requires the use of seismic profiles and methods such as imprinting and erosion thickness restoration to reconstruct paleomorphological features, which will directly constrain the distribution of sedimentary facies.

[0072] Finally, by combining single-well and interconnected-well comparisons, the formation thickness and sand body thickness of each layer were statistically analyzed, and formation thickness plan maps, sand body thickness plan maps, and sand-to-soil ratio plan maps were drawn.

[0073] The stratigraphic thickness plan shows the distribution characteristics of stratigraphic thickness in the study area. Areas with large sedimentary thicknesses are often deposited at high levels in paleogeomorphology, which indirectly verifies paleogeomorphological characteristics and serves as a basis for sedimentary facies mapping.

[0074] The sand body thickness planar map shows the thickness and distribution characteristics of the sand bodies in the study area, providing a basis for the distribution of sedimentary facies zones and the drawing of favorable sand body distribution maps.

[0075] Different clastic sedimentary facies exhibit different sand body ratio characteristics, so sand-to-land ratio planar maps provide a basis for the pattern and distribution of sedimentary facies maps.

[0076] Using a point-line-plane mapping method, the regional provenance direction is clearly defined. Based on the sand body thickness plan, the dominant facies are identified, and sedimentary facies plan maps of different units are systematically drawn.

[0077] The method further includes:

[0078] Step S31: Add other geological information to the map, such as structural lines, faults, and stratigraphic thickness, to provide a more complete geological background.

[0079] The method further includes:

[0080] Step S32: Add a legend in a corner or appropriate location on the map to explain the meaning of sedimentary facies symbols or colors, and label the scale to indicate the actual size of the strata.

[0081] The method further includes:

[0082] Step S33: Systematically study the characteristics of various sedimentary facies (including color and lithology, sedimentary structures, profile structure, well logging facies, and seismic facies) to verify the accuracy of sedimentary facies identification and classification; carefully check the accuracy and consistency of the stratigraphic plan, and make corrections and adjustments as needed to ensure that the information in the plan is accurate.

[0083] During the mapping process, emphasis was placed on the comprehensive use of various data, including outcrops, drilling data, seismic data, and analytical tests. Based on clarifying the basin's structural-stratigraphic framework and restoring paleogeography, the sedimentary facies maps were compiled through comprehensive analysis of sedimentary facies from single wells and interconnected wells, combined with the compilation of planar maps of stratigraphic thickness, sand body thickness, and sand-to-soil ratio. This process ultimately aims to clarify the sedimentary facies evolution of the Kepingtag Formation in the Tarim Basin and to guide oil and gas exploration practices.

[0084] The basin clastic sedimentary facies mapping method provided in this invention comprehensively considers the control of tectonic, provenance, geomorphological, and sedimentary factors on sedimentary facies. It adopts the four-control mechanism of "tectonic control of basin, provenance control of zoning, geomorphological control of facies, and sedimentary control of sand" as the main approach for sedimentary facies mapping. This method is applicable to sedimentary facies mapping of clastic rocks in oil and gas basins. The maps clearly and concisely represent the planar distribution of different sedimentary facies zones from different ages, thereby providing theoretical support for the paleogeographic environment of basins and the delineation of favorable exploration areas. It meets practical needs and has broad application and scientific research value.

[0085] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, but is defined in the claims.

[0086] The following is an example description of the basin clastic sedimentary facies mapping method of the present invention, using the Kepingtag Formation of the Silurian system in the North Tarim Basin as an example.

[0087] 1. Data processing: The system processes relevant data such as field profiles, well cores, logging data, and seismic profiles related to the North Tarim Basin and the Kepingtag Formation to obtain sedimentary facies information about the strata.

[0088] 2. Determine the study area: The study area for this case is the northern Tarim Basin.

[0089] 3. Determine mapping units: Through stratigraphic division and comparative studies of the Kepingtag Formation in the Tarim Basin, the accuracy of sedimentary facies mapping units is clarified.

[0090] 4. Determine sedimentary facies types: Based on the establishment of sedimentary microfacies identification markers, the sedimentary facies types of the Kepingtag Formation in the Tarim Basin are classified according to the "core facies-well logging facies-seismic facies" as the main basis, and the characteristics of various sedimentary facies are systematically studied.

[0091] 5. Mark the dominant facies: On the base map of each stratigraphic unit, mark the corresponding sedimentary facies type using symbols, fill colors, or other graphic forms on the corresponding single well.

[0092] 6. Draw stratigraphic boundaries: Based on the comprehensive interpretation of drilling data and seismic profiles T70, T65, T64 and T63 interfaces, draw stratigraphic boundary lines on the map to indicate the division between different stratigraphic units.

[0093] 7. Using a point-line-plane mapping method, clarify the regional source direction, identify the dominant facies based on the sand body thickness plan, and systematically compile sedimentary facies plan maps of different units.

[0094] 8. Supplement geological information: Add other geological information to the map, such as structural lines, faults, and stratigraphic thickness, to provide a more complete geological background.

[0095] 9. Add legends and scale bars: Add legends in the corners or appropriate locations on the map to explain the meaning of sedimentary facies symbols or colors, and label the scale bars to indicate the actual size of the strata.

[0096] 10. Proofreading and correction: Carefully check the accuracy and consistency of the stratigraphic plan, and make corrections and adjustments as needed to ensure that the information in the plan is accurate.

[0097] For the foregoing method embodiments, in order to simplify the description, they are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0098] It should be noted that, in other embodiments of the present invention, the method can also combine one or more of the above embodiments to obtain a new method for mapping basin clastic sedimentary facies, so as to efficiently and accurately realize the map display of topographic sedimentary facies.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] It should be noted that, based on the methods in any one or more embodiments of the present invention described above, the present invention also provides a storage medium storing program code that can implement the methods described in any one or more embodiments. When the program code is executed by the operating system, it can implement the mapping method for basin clastic sedimentary facies as described above.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] The methods described in the above-disclosed embodiments of the present invention are detailed. These methods can be implemented using various forms of apparatus or systems. Therefore, based on other aspects of the methods described in any one or more of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a mapping system for basin clastic sedimentary facies. This system is used to execute the mapping method for basin clastic sedimentary facies described in any one or more of the above embodiments. Specific embodiments are given below for detailed description.

[0103] Specifically, the basin clastic sedimentary facies mapping system provided in this embodiment of the invention includes:

[0104] The boundary delineation module is configured to determine and mark the stratigraphic boundaries of the area to be analyzed based on drilling data and seismic profile information.

[0105] The sedimentary facies type analysis module is configured to consider the topographic environment, stratigraphic distribution, and tectonic elements of the basin under study to determine all possible sedimentary facies types in the current basin; the sedimentary facies types include tidal flat sedimentary facies, shelf sedimentary facies, and deltaic sedimentary facies;

[0106] The sedimentary facies mapping module is configured to comprehensively consider tectonics, provenance, geomorphology, and sedimentary elements for different sedimentary facies types, and analyze the control relationships between each element and the corresponding sedimentary facies in combination with the set sedimentary facies control principles. It then uses a point-line-surface model to compile a sedimentary facies planar map of the current strata.

[0107] In one optional embodiment, the sedimentary facies type analysis module identifies sedimentary facies types by using color and lithology, sedimentary structures, profile structure, well logging facies, and seismic facies identification markers, and organically combining them with the basin sedimentary background.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes:

[0109] The dominant facies marking module is configured to calculate the sedimentary specific gravity (the percentage of a sedimentary facies thickness to the corresponding stratum thickness within a certain mapping time limit) of control points within a certain mapping time limit. If the sedimentary specific gravity is greater than 50%, it is the dominant facies within that time limit. After determining the sedimentary facies type, different sedimentary facies types are marked on the base map of each stratigraphic unit using symbols, fill colors, or graphic forms.

[0110] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the sedimentary facies mapping module focuses on various aspects of sedimentary facies, including basins, zones, facies, and sands, with structural control of basins, provenance control of zones, geomorphological control of facies, and sedimentary control of sands as the basic analytical directions and as the principles for sedimentary facies control.

[0111] Preferably, in one embodiment, the sedimentary facies mapping module uses a single-well and multi-well sedimentary facies comprehensive analysis method for each sub-analysis object to obtain mapping parameter information related to its structure, provenance, geomorphology and sedimentation from relevant engineering data, and reflects it in the corresponding sedimentary facies planar map.

[0112] Optionally, in one embodiment, the relevant engineering data includes at least one or more of the following: outcrop data, drilling data, seismic data, and analytical test data.

[0113] In one embodiment, the sedimentary facies mapping module obtains information on the basin's tectonic background, tectonic activity periods, and paleogeomorphic features based on outcrop data, drilling data, seismic data, and analytical test data. Then, through provenance analysis, it analyzes the provenance information of the target strata using testing and analysis methods.

[0114] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the testing and analysis methods include: heavy mineral analysis, major and trace analysis, and dating techniques.

[0115] In a preferred embodiment, the mapping parameter information for a point on the sedimentary facies plane map includes at least one or more of the following: stratigraphic thickness, sand body thickness, and sand-to-land ratio information.

[0116] Optionally, in one embodiment, the system further includes:

[0117] The geological information supplement module is configured to add other geological information to the map, such as structural lines, faults, and stratigraphic thickness, to provide a more complete geological background.

[0118] In one embodiment, the system further includes:

[0119] The legend and scale setting module is configured to add legends to the corners or appropriate locations of the map to explain the meaning of sedimentary facies symbols or colors, and to label the scale to indicate the actual size of the strata.

[0120] The system also includes:

[0121] The verification and correction module is configured to systematically study the characteristics of various sedimentary facies (including color and lithology, sedimentary structures, profile structures, well logging facies, and seismic facies) to verify the accuracy of sedimentary facies identification and classification; carefully check the accuracy and consistency of the stratigraphic plan, and make corrections and adjustments as needed to ensure that the information in the plan is accurate.

[0122] In the basin clastic sedimentary facies mapping system provided in this embodiment of the invention, each module or unit structure can operate independently or in combination according to actual data analysis needs and stratigraphic feature mapping needs, so as to achieve the corresponding technical effects.

[0123] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps, or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features as understood by those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0124] The phrase "an embodiment" in the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the phrase "an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0125] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and variations in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein; however, the scope of patent protection for this invention shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for mapping sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in a basin, characterized in that, The method includes: Step S10: Determine and mark the stratigraphic boundaries of the area to be analyzed based on drilling data and seismic profile information; Step S20: Considering the topographic environment, stratigraphic distribution, and tectonic elements of the basin under study, determine all possible sedimentary facies types in the current basin; the sedimentary facies types include tidal flat sedimentary facies, shelf sedimentary facies, and deltaic sedimentary facies; Step S30: For different sedimentary facies types, comprehensively consider the structure, provenance, geomorphology and sedimentary elements, and analyze the control relationship between each element and the corresponding sedimentary facies in combination with the established sedimentary facies control principles. Use a point-line-surface model to compile a sedimentary facies plan map of the current strata.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S20, when identifying the sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in the basin, color and lithology, sedimentary structures, profile structure, well logging facies, and seismic facies identification markers are used, and the sedimentary background of the basin is organically combined to identify the sedimentary facies type.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S30, the basic analytical directions for sedimentary facies control are basin, zone, facies, and sand, with tectonics controlling basin, provenance controlling zone, geomorphology controlling facies, and sediment controlling sand.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S30, a comprehensive analysis of sedimentary facies using single-well and multi-well methods is adopted to obtain mapping parameter information related to various elements such as structure, provenance, geomorphology, and sedimentation from relevant engineering data, and reflect it in the corresponding sedimentary facies plan map.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The relevant engineering data includes at least one or more of the following: outcrop data, drilling data, seismic data, and analytical test data.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on outcrop data, drilling data, seismic data, and analytical test data, information on the basin's tectonic background, tectonic activity periods, and paleogeomorphic characteristics is obtained. Then, through provenance analysis, the provenance information of the target strata is analyzed using testing and analysis methods.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S30, a point-line-surface model is used to draw a stratigraphic thickness plan, a sand body thickness plan, and a sand-to-land ratio plan. Based on the source direction and the sand body thickness plan, sedimentary facies plans for different units are drawn in combination with the identified dominant facies.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mapping parameters for a point on a sedimentary facies plane map include at least one or more of the following: stratigraphic thickness, sand body thickness, and sand-to-land ratio.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores program code that can implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A mapping system for sedimentary facies of clastic rocks in a basin, characterized in that, The system performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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