Computer device for distinguishing skin basal cell carcinoma and hair blastoma based on immunohistochemistry

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of computer information, and discloses a computer device for distinguishing skin basal cell carcinoma and hair blastoma based on immunohistochemistry. The invention provides a data processing device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, and the processor executes the computer program to realize the following steps: S1, receiving data: receiving sample data, the sample data being P16 or P16 and AR protein expression levels in a tumor sample of a subject; s2, data processing: distinguishing skin basal cell carcinoma and hair blastoma according to P16 or P16 and AR protein expression levels in the tumor sample of the subject; or grouping the skin basal cell carcinoma and the hair blastoma according to the P16 or P16 and AR protein expression level in the tumor sample of the subject. The model constructed by immunohistochemical combination of P16 and AR has better sensitivity and specificity when being used for differential diagnosis of two tumors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of computer information and relates to a computer device for differentiating basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin based on immunohistochemistry. Background Technology

[0002] Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and pilomolecular tumor share similarities in morphology, histology, and immunohistochemical features. BCC is the most common type of skin cancer worldwide, characterized by an aggressive course but rarely metastasizing. Early detection is crucial because BCC can cause severe local tissue destruction, especially when located on the face and head, potentially leading to facial deformities or more serious complications if left untreated. Conversely, pilomolecular tumor is a benign tumor with a generally good prognosis, low recurrence rate, and extremely low likelihood of malignant transformation. Given the differences in prognosis and treatment options between BCC and pilomolecular tumor, accurate differentiation between the two is essential.

[0003] While histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an important adjunctive method for differentiating these tumors. Several IHC markers, including CD10, CD34, PHLDA1, androgen receptor (AR), nestin, bcl-2, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), INSM1 (insulinoma-associated protein 1), p53, p21, and Ber-EP4, have been investigated to help differentiate between the two lesions. However, these markers have shown varying degrees of sensitivity and specificity in differentiating the two lesions, which is not entirely satisfactory. AR staining is more common in BCC than in pilomatoma.

[0004] p16INK4a protein (p16) is a tumor suppressor protein that plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and is typically associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in tumor tissue. To date, no studies have directly compared the immunohistochemical expression of p16 between piloblastoma (BCC) and piloblastoma. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem solved by this invention is to prepare a computer device for differentiating basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma based on immunohistochemistry.

[0006] To address this technical problem, a first aspect of the present invention provides a data processing apparatus, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps: S1. Data reception: Receive sample data, which is the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor sample of the subject; S2. Data processing: Differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects; Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a data processing apparatus, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps: S1. Data reception: Receive sample data, which is the expression level of P16 protein and AR protein in the tumor sample of the subject, and is recorded as sample data; S2, Data Processing: The expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects were used to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin. Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects.

[0008] In some embodiments, the data processing device is a data processing device for distinguishing between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and pilomatricoma (TB).

[0009] In some embodiments, the data processing apparatus is a data processing apparatus for clustering basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin.

[0010] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the data processing apparatus described in the first or second aspect.

[0011] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that causes a computer to perform the steps in the data processing apparatus described in the first or second aspect.

[0012] Fifthly, the present invention provides an apparatus for distinguishing or grouping basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma of the skin, the apparatus comprising: S1, Data receiving module: used to receive sample data, wherein the sample data is the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor sample of the subject; S2, Data Processing Module: Used to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subject; Alternatively, it can be used to group basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subject.

[0013] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for distinguishing or grouping basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin, the apparatus comprising: S1, Data receiving module: used to receive sample data, which is the expression level of P16 protein and AR protein in the tumor sample of the subject, denoted as sample data; S2, Data Processing: The expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects were used to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin. Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects.

[0014] In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a method for distinguishing or grouping basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma of the skin, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain the expression level of P16 protein in the subject's ex vivo tumor sample; S2. Differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma by the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects; Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects.

[0015] Eighthly, the present invention provides a method for distinguishing or grouping basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma of the skin, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain the expression levels of P16 protein and AR protein in the tumor samples of the subjects, and record them as sample data; S2. Differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects; Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects.

[0016] In the above text, the expression level of the P16 protein was obtained by immunohistochemistry, wherein the immunohistochemical antibody included a P16 protein antibody.

[0017] In the above text, the P16 protein expression level is the histochemical score obtained by multiplying the staining intensity grade value obtained by immunohistochemical detection by the percentage of positive cells.

[0018] The above method of distinguishing between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor sample of the subject involves comparing the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor sample of the subject with a judgment threshold A: if the histochemical score of the subject's P16 protein expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold A, then the subject's P16 protein expression detection is positive, and the subject is or is a candidate for BCC; if the histochemical score of the subject's P16 protein expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is less than the judgment threshold A, then the subject's P16 protein expression detection is negative, and the subject is or is a candidate for TB.

[0019] The above-mentioned classification of basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects involves comparing the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects with a judgment threshold A: if the histochemical score of the subject's P16 protein expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold A, then the subject's P16 protein expression detection is positive, and the subject belongs to or is a candidate for belonging to the BCC group; if the histochemical score of the subject's P16 protein expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is less than the judgment threshold A, then the subject's P16 protein expression detection is negative, and the subject belongs to or is a candidate for belonging to the TB group.

[0020] The expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the above subjects was reflected by the histochemical score of the P16 expression level in the tumor samples obtained by immunohistochemical detection.

[0021] The aforementioned threshold A is constructed by using the histochemical score of the expression level of P16 protein in tumor samples from known TB and known BCC subjects through immunohistochemical detection. The threshold A is then found by using the ROC curve to achieve the best classification effect. The maximum value of the Youden index is the threshold A.

[0022] The specific methods for distinguishing between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects are as follows: If a subject meets at least one of the following conditions: Condition 1) The histochemical score of the P16 protein expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold A, and Condition 2) The histochemical score of the AR protein expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold B, then the subject is or is a candidate for BCC. If a subject's immunohistochemical score for P16 protein expression level is less than threshold A, and the immunohistochemical score for AR protein expression level is less than threshold B, then the subject is or is a candidate for TB.

[0023] The specific grouping of basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects is as follows: If a subject meets at least one of the following conditions: Condition 1) The histochemical score of the P16 protein expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold A, and Condition 2) The histochemical score of the AR protein expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold B, then the subject belongs to or is a candidate to belong to the BCC group. If a subject's immunohistochemical score for P16 protein expression level is less than threshold A, and the immunohistochemical score for AR protein expression level is less than threshold B, then the subject belongs to or is a candidate for belonging to the TB group.

[0024] In the above text, the expression level of the AR protein was obtained by immunohistochemistry, wherein the antibody used in the immunohistochemistry included an AR protein antibody.

[0025] In the above text, the AR protein expression level is the histochemical score obtained by multiplying the staining intensity grade value obtained by immunohistochemical detection by the percentage of positive cells (denoted as the histochemical score of AR expression level obtained by immunohistochemical detection).

[0026] The aforementioned threshold B is constructed by using the histochemical score of the AR protein expression level detected by immunohistochemistry in tumor samples from known TB and known BCC subjects. The threshold B is then found by using the ROC curve to achieve the best classification effect. The maximum value of the Youden index is the threshold B.

[0027] The Youden index is the sum of sensitivity and specificity minus 1. Sensitivity is also known as the True Positive Rate (TPR). Specificity is also known as the True Negative Rate (TNR). TPR = TP / (TP + FN). TNR = TN / (TN + FP). TP: True Positive. TN: True Negative. FP: False Positive. FN: False Negative. The methods mentioned above are not for disease diagnosis or treatment purposes.

[0028] The method described herein may not be a diagnostic method. A diagnostic method refers to a process for identifying, studying, and determining the cause or lesion state of a living human or animal. The method may not be intended to directly obtain a disease diagnosis or health status.

[0029] The method may not be a treatment method. The treatment method refers to the process of blocking, alleviating or eliminating the cause or lesion in order to restore or obtain health or reduce pain in a living human or animal body.

[0030] The methods may not include the step of obtaining biological samples from animals. All methods may not target living human or animal bodies, but only data. All methods may be information processing methods in which all steps are performed by a data processing device such as a computer.

[0031] In the above text, the data processing device is a computer processing device.

[0032] Experiments of this invention demonstrate that the model constructed by combining P16 and AR immunohistochemistry has better sensitivity and specificity in differentiating or grouping two types of tumors compared to other previous immunohistochemistry protocols. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A flowchart for constructing a model to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin.

[0034] Figure 2 Examples of routine HE and immunohistochemical staining for basal cell carcinoma, where A is HE staining, B is P16 staining, and C is AR staining; magnification 200×.

[0035] Figure 3 Examples of routine HE and immunohistochemical staining for piloblastoma, where A is HE staining, B is P16 staining, and C is AR staining; magnification 100×. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The given embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit its scope. The embodiments provided below can serve as a guide for further improvements by those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the invention in any way.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the quantitative experiments in the following examples are all repeated three times, and the results are averaged.

[0039] The amino acid sequence of the P16 protein is shown in NP 000068.1 (21-JUL-2025). The amino acid sequence of the AR protein is shown in NP000035.2 (28-APR-2025).

[0040] Example 1: Computer device for differentiating basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and pilomatricoma (TB) of the skin The flowchart for constructing a model to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma of the skin is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0041] The tumor sections used in this invention were obtained from 27 patients with bronchoconstriction (BCC) and 28 patients with tumor (TB), and their baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics.

[0042] 1. Immunohistochemical detection of P16 or AR protein expression levels Two groups of immunohistochemical tests were performed using tumor sections with a thickness of 4 μm: the P16 immunohistochemical reaction group and the AR immunohistochemical reaction group, as detailed below: Pretreatment of deparaffinized and rehydrated sections with Tris / EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) blocked endogenous peroxidase activity by catalase (H2O2). Mouse anti-human P16 monoclonal antibody (cat: GP-1601, Beijing Jinqiao Yatu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) or rabbit anti-human AR monoclonal antibody (cat: GA-0116, Beijing Jinqiao Yatu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) was performed overnight at 4°C. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated to anti-rabbit / mouse IgG was used as the secondary antibody. Immunoreactivity was observed using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) (Power-stain™ 1.0 polymeric peroxidase system, Beijing Jinqiao Yatu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China).

[0043] Cervical cancer and prostate cancer sections were stained separately as positive controls for P16 and AR, respectively. Primary antibodies were omitted to produce negative controls. Stained sections were independently blinded by two experienced pathologists. Any disagreements were resolved through mutual agreement.

[0044] Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical scoring: For each subject's tumor slides from each immunohistochemical reaction group, 10 fields of view were randomly selected at different locations under a microscope (×10 field of view) for statistical analysis. Staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells (number of positive cells / total number of cells in the field of view) were measured. Staining intensity was graded as follows: 0 (negative: no staining); 1+ (weak: pale yellow); 2+ (medium: yellowish-brown); and 3+ (strong: brown). The staining intensity grade was then multiplied by the percentage of positive cells to calculate the histochemical score (H score: 0-300) for that group.

[0045] Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR) and compared with Student's test or Mann-Whitneyu test. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages and compared with chi-square test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate.

[0046] The histochemical scores for p16 expression level and AR expression level in each subject are shown in Tables 2 and 3. For example, the routine HE staining and immunohistochemical results for subjects with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and pilomatricoma (TB) are shown below. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown.

[0047] Table 2 shows the histochemical scores of P16 and AR expression levels in 27 BCC subjects.

[0048] Samples with a positive cell percentage of 0 or less than 1% in the table above are calculated as having a histochemical score of 0.

[0049] Table 3 shows the histochemical scores of P16 and AR expression levels in 28 TB subjects.

[0050] Samples with a positive cell percentage of 0 or less than 1% in the table above are calculated as having a histochemical score of 0.

[0051] The results of each subject are analyzed as shown in Table 4.

[0052] Table 4 shows the immunohistochemical results.

[0053] In the table above, the first column shows the P16 intensity n (%), which represents the percentage of cases with a certain P16 expression level out of all cases with a certain staining intensity, and so on. The percentage of P16+ cells n (%) represents the percentage of cases with a certain P16 expression level out of all cases with a certain percentage of positive cells, and so on. The second column is 6 (21.4), where the number before the parentheses is the number of cases and the percentage inside the parentheses is the percentage of that number of cases.

[0054] 2. Threshold analysis The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve can be constructed by analyzing the expression levels of various proteins in tumor samples from known TB and BCC subjects. The ROC curve is used to find the decision threshold that yields the best classification results. The maximum value of the Youden index is the decision threshold. Based on this decision threshold, it is determined whether the protein expression in the subject is positive, thereby distinguishing or classifying TB and BCC subjects.

[0055] 1) P16 expression level alone The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed based on the histochemical score of P16 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry in tumor samples of known TB and known BCC subjects. The decision threshold that achieves the best classification effect was found by using the ROC curve. The maximum value of Youden's index is the decision threshold. The decision threshold A for distinguishing BCC and TB by histochemical score of P16 expression level is 7.5. If the immunohistochemical score of the subject's P16 protein expression level is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold A, the subject's P16 protein expression is positive, and the subject is or is a candidate of BCC or belongs to or is a candidate of the BCC group. If the immunohistochemical score of the subject's P16 protein expression level is less than the threshold A, then the subject's P16 protein expression test is negative, and the subject is or is a candidate for TB or belongs to or is a candidate for the TB group.

[0056] 2) Individual AR expression level The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed based on the histochemical scores of the AR (autoimmune reaction) detected by immunohistochemistry in tumor samples from known TB and known BCC subjects. The decision threshold for optimal classification was found by using the ROC curve. The maximum value of the Youden index is the decision threshold. The decision threshold B for distinguishing BCC and TB using AR is 1. If a subject's immunohistochemical score for the AR protein alone is greater than or equal to the threshold B, then the subject's P16 expression is positive, and the subject is or is a candidate for BCC or belongs to or is a candidate for the BCC group. If a subject's immunohistochemical score for the AR protein alone is less than the threshold B, then the subject's P16 expression is positive, and the subject is or is a candidate for TB or belongs to or is a candidate for the TB group.

[0057] 3) P16 and AR expression levels If a subject is positive for at least one of the P16 and AR expression tests, then the subject is or is a candidate for BCC or belongs to or is a candidate for the BCC group. If a subject tests negative for both P16 and AR expression, then the subject is a candidate for TB or belongs to or is a candidate for the TB group.

[0058] As can be seen from the above: The immunogenicity of P16, the immunogenicity of AR, and the combined immunogenicity of P16 were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy of P16 and AR expression or co-expression were calculated.

[0059] Table 5 shows the distinguishing values.

[0060] The results are shown in Table 5. It can be seen that any positive P16+ / AR+ has the highest sensitivity (100%) and the highest negative predictive value (100%), which is the same as that of single P16 positive. Double positive P16+ & AR+ has the highest specificity (96.4%) and the highest positive predictive value, which is better than single P16 positive or single AR positive, demonstrating the advantages of this immunohistochemical combination. Furthermore, single P16 positive has the highest accuracy.

[0061] 3. Computerized devices to assist in the identification of basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin. A computer device for assisting in the identification of basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma of the skin, prepared from substances (i.e., antibodies) required for P16 immunohistochemistry or in combination with substances (i.e., antibodies) required for AR immunohistochemistry, specifically any one of the following: A. A data processing apparatus (computer apparatus) includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps: S1. Data reception: Receive sample data, which is the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor sample of the subject; S2, Data Processing: The expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects was used to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin. Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects.

[0062] The expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the above subjects was reflected by the histochemical score of the P16 expression level in the tumor samples obtained by immunohistochemical detection.

[0063] The aforementioned threshold A is constructed by using the histochemical score of the P16 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry in tumor samples from known TB and known BCC subjects to create a working characteristic curve. The threshold A is then found by using the ROC curve to achieve the best classification effect. The maximum value of the Youden index is the threshold A.

[0064] The above method of distinguishing between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor sample of the subject involves comparing the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor sample of the subject with a judgment threshold A: if the histochemical score of the subject's P16 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold A, then the subject's P16 expression detection is positive, and the subject is or is a candidate for BCC or belongs to or is a candidate for belonging to the BCC group; if the histochemical score of the subject's P16 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is less than the judgment threshold A, then the subject's P16 expression detection is negative, and the subject is or is a candidate for TB or belongs to or is a candidate for belonging to the TB group.

[0065] The above-mentioned classification of basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects involves comparing the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects with a judgment threshold A: if the histochemical score of the subject's P16 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold A, then the subject's P16 expression detection is positive, and the subject is or is a candidate for BCC or belongs to or is a candidate for belonging to the BCC group; if the histochemical score of the subject's P16 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is less than the judgment threshold A, then the subject's P16 expression detection is negative, and the subject is or is a candidate for TB or belongs to or is a candidate for belonging to the TB group.

[0066] B. A data processing apparatus (computer apparatus) includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps: S1. Data reception: Receive sample data, which is the expression level of P16 protein and AR protein in the tumor sample of the subject, and is recorded as sample data; S2, Data Processing: The expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects were used to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin. Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects.

[0067] The expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the above subjects was reflected by the histochemical score of the P16 expression level in the tumor samples obtained by immunohistochemical detection.

[0068] The aforementioned threshold A is constructed by using the histochemical score of the P16 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry in tumor samples from known TB and known BCC subjects to create a working characteristic curve. The threshold A is then found by using the ROC curve to achieve the best classification effect. The maximum value of the Youden index is the threshold A.

[0069] The AR protein expression level in the tumor samples of the above subjects was reflected by the histochemical score of the AR expression level in the tumor samples obtained by immunohistochemical detection.

[0070] The aforementioned threshold B is constructed by using the histochemical score of AR expression level detection in tumor samples from known TB and known BCC subjects to build a working characteristic curve, and then using the ROC curve to find the threshold that achieves the best classification effect. The maximum value of the Youden index is the threshold B.

[0071] The specific methods for distinguishing between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects are as follows: If a subject meets at least one of the following conditions: Condition 1) The histochemical score of the P16 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold A, or Condition 2) The histochemical score of the AR expression level detected by immunohistochemistry is greater than or equal to the judgment threshold B, then the subject is or is a candidate for BCC or belongs to or is a candidate for the BCC group. If a subject's immunohistochemical score for P16 expression level is less than threshold A, and the immunohistochemical score for AR expression level is less than threshold B, then the subject is or is a candidate for TB or belongs to or is a candidate for the TB group.

[0072] The present invention has been described in detail above. For those skilled in the art, the invention can be practiced in a wide range of ways with equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from its spirit and scope, and without requiring unnecessary experiments. Although specific embodiments have been given, it should be understood that further modifications can be made to the invention. In summary, according to the principles of the invention, this application is intended to include any changes, uses, or improvements to the invention, including changes made using conventional techniques known in the art that depart from the scope disclosed herein. Some of the essential features can be applied within the scope of the following appended claims.

Claims

1. A data processing apparatus, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps: S1. Data reception: Receive sample data, which is the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor sample of the subject; S2. Data processing: Differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects; Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects.

2. A data processing apparatus, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps: S1. Data reception: Receive sample data, which is the expression level of P16 protein and AR protein in the tumor sample of the subject, and is recorded as sample data; S2, Data Processing: The expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects were used to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin. Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects.

3. A computer program product, including a computer program, characterized in that: When executed by a processor, the computer program performs the steps described in the data processing apparatus of claim 1 or 2.

4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that causes a computer to perform the steps in the data processing apparatus of claim 1 or 2.

5. A device for differentiating or grouping basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma of the skin, said device comprising: S1, Data receiving module: used to receive sample data, wherein the sample data is the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor sample of the subject; S2, Data Processing Module: Used to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subject; Alternatively, it can be used to group basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subject.

6. A device for differentiating or grouping basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma of the skin, said device comprising: S1, Data receiving module: used to receive sample data, which is the expression level of P16 protein and AR protein in the tumor sample of the subject, denoted as sample data; S2, Data Processing: The expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects were used to differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin. Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects.

7. A method for differentiating or grouping basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma of the skin, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the expression level of P16 protein in the subject's ex vivo tumor sample; S2. Differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma by the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects; Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression level of P16 protein in the tumor samples of the subjects.

8. A method for differentiating or grouping basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma of the skin, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the expression levels of P16 protein and AR protein in the tumor samples of the subjects, and record them as sample data; S2. Differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and pilomatricoma based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects; Alternatively, basal cell carcinoma and pilomatoma can be grouped based on the expression levels of P16 and AR proteins in the tumor samples of the subjects.

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