High-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecule experiment platform

Abstract

The invention provides a high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecule experiment platform, a first-stage vacuum cavity and a second-stage vacuum cavity are both in a 4n-polygon cylinder shape, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the first-stage vacuum cavity is provided with a first-stage cooling light incidence window, a first-stage cooling light reflection window, a permanent magnet and a Zeeman reducer, and the second-stage vacuum cavity is provided with a second-stage cooling light reflection window. Secondary cooling light incidence windows are arranged on the cylindrical side surface, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the secondary vacuum cavity, and magnetic field coils are arranged on the outer walls of the two end surfaces. Atoms are sprayed out of an atom reaction furnace, the atoms precooled by a Zeeman reducer are captured in a first-stage vacuum cavity, captured atomic groups are pushed to a second-stage scientific vacuum cavity through a differential tube by a beam of pushing laser and enter the second-stage scientific vacuum cavity, and the atomic groups are separated from the second-stage scientific vacuum cavity by regulating and controlling the laser entering from a reserved optical window. And in cooperation with a magnetic field, ultra-cold atoms can be cooled, imprisoned and prepared. According to the method, the universality of multi-atom co-preparation is improved, and full-scene coverage from basic quantum simulation to frontier quantum calculation is also realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of laser cooling, atomic physics and ultra-high vacuum technology, and in particular to a high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of cold atom physics, ultracold atom platforms based on laser cooling and magneto-optical trapping technology have become an important experimental foundation for research in quantum simulation, quantum computing, and quantum measurement. Since the realization of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), cold atom experimental systems have been continuously improved over the past two decades, demonstrating extremely high scientific and engineering application value in fields such as quantum precision measurement, optical lattice quantum simulation, quantum information processing, and quantum sensing. Although existing general-purpose cold atom experimental systems (such as those described in CN113161034A) have achieved advancements in structural integration, multi-angle optical windows, and modular magnetic field coils, they still have the following limitations: 1. Uniqueness of atom types: Existing systems are usually designed around a single atom (such as Rb or Sr) for overall optimization. Their magnetic field configuration and vacuum structure are highly coupled with the target atom parameters in terms of energy level matching and atom source conditions, making it difficult to be compatible with multi-atom systems with different physical properties once the system is finalized without significant structural reconstruction. 2. Limited Functional Expansion: Traditional general-purpose vacuum cavities are primarily designed for cooling and trapping experiments, exhibiting significant limitations in optical accessibility and imaging numerical aperture. This makes it difficult to meet the demands of applications such as quantum computing for the construction of controllable single-atom arrays and high-resolution microscopic imaging. 3. Large System Size and Engineering Difficulties: Most devices are large, have complex interfaces, and are cumbersome to install, hindering the development of highly integrated and portable scientific experimental systems. 4. Insufficient Cross-Platform Compatibility: Current cavity structures make it difficult to achieve the joint preparation and interactive manipulation of different atom types without changing the main cavity. 5. Limited Cold Atom Loading Efficiency: Cold atom loading efficiency is low, and loading time is long, making it difficult to support the development needs of general-purpose cold atom technology. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of scientific experimental system that can balance multi-atom compatibility, high integration, miniaturization, and quantum computing scalability to meet the needs of future quantum technology experiments across multiple scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention aims to provide a high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform that can achieve the cooling and trapping of two or more atoms in the same system. It also features quantum simulation, quantum precision measurement and quantum computing (neutral atoms), and high-resolution microscopic imaging capabilities, while ensuring high-performance cold atom preparation and achieving system miniaturization and modularization.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform, comprising a Zeeman reducer, a primary vacuum chamber, and a secondary vacuum chamber. The Zeeman reducer includes an atomic beam vacuum pipe, a vacuum deceleration region, and a cooling optical vacuum pipe connected in sequence. An atomic reactor is installed inside the atomic beam vacuum pipe. A first vacuum optical window is installed at the rear end of the cooling optical vacuum pipe as an incident window for the decelerated light. There are two cooling optical vacuum pipes, arranged symmetrically in a figure-eight shape. The angle between the axis of each cooling optical vacuum pipe and the axis of the atomic beam vacuum pipe is 3 to 30°.

[0005] Both the primary and secondary vacuum cavities are 4n-sided prisms, where n is an integer ≥ 2. Each of the four cylindrical sides of the primary vacuum cavity is equipped with a second vacuum optical window, with each second vacuum optical window facing each other in pairs and perpendicularly intersecting. One of each pair of second vacuum optical windows serves as the primary cooling light incident window, while the other has a reflector on its outer surface, which can serve as the primary cooling light reflection window. The remaining cylindrical sides of the primary vacuum cavity are used to install Zeeman reducers. Each Zeeman reducer is correspondingly installed on two opposite cylindrical sides. One cylindrical side is used to install the atomic beam vacuum pipe of the Zeeman reducer, and the other opposite cylindrical side is used to install the corresponding cooling light vacuum pipe. The vacuum deceleration region is located within the atomic beam vacuum pipe and the primary vacuum cavity.

[0006] The primary vacuum chamber is arranged horizontally, and the secondary vacuum chamber is arranged vertically. Both are equipped with ion pumps to maintain their internal vacuum. The primary and secondary vacuum chambers are connected by a vacuum pipe that extends axially along the primary vacuum chamber and connects the rear end face of the primary vacuum chamber to one of the column sides of the secondary vacuum chamber. A coaxially extending differential tube is built into the end of the vacuum pipe near the primary vacuum chamber. A third vacuum optical window is installed on the front end face of the primary vacuum chamber as a laser incident window. Permanent magnets are installed on both the front and rear end faces of the primary vacuum chamber. Fourth vacuum optical windows are installed on the remaining column sides of the secondary vacuum chamber. Four fourth vacuum optical windows are arranged in a vertically intersecting pattern as secondary cooling light incident windows. Fifth vacuum optical windows are provided on the upper and lower end faces of the secondary vacuum chamber, and magnetic field coils are provided on their outer walls. The fifth vacuum optical windows also serve as secondary cooling light incident windows.

[0007] In the above scheme: both the primary and secondary vacuum chambers are octagonal columnar structures; the primary vacuum chamber is equipped with four secondary vacuum optical windows and two Zeeman reducers, with the two Zeeman reducers arranged in a crisscross pattern. Two mutually perpendicular secondary vacuum optical windows serve as primary cooling light incident windows. Through the octagonal columnar structure, and with optimized window layout and Zeeman reducer distribution, the system integrates multiple functions including the co-preparation of two types of atoms, efficient cold atom preparation, quantum simulation and computation, and high-resolution microscopic imaging.

[0008] In the above scheme, the first, second, third, and fourth vacuum optical windows are all manufactured using the following structure: through holes are opened on the corresponding surfaces of the windows, and vacuum flange interfaces are machined outwards. These vacuum flange interfaces are used in conjunction with metal flanges to fix the optical glass, thereby forming the corresponding vacuum optical window structures. The optical glass of the deceleration light incident window, the primary cooling light incident window, and the secondary cooling light incident window is transparent glass. The structural design of through holes + extended vacuum flange interfaces + metal flanges for fixing the optical glass is simple and easy to install.

[0009] In the above scheme, the optical glass is coated with a multi-band broadband dielectric antireflection film to achieve efficient transmission and low reflection loss of light waves of multiple bands.

[0010] In the above scheme, the primary vacuum chamber and the secondary vacuum chamber are both integrally formed from titanium alloy. The integral forming process of titanium alloy has the characteristics of ultra-high vacuum sealing, mechanical stability, corrosion resistance and radiation resistance, which solves the problems of leakage rate, vibration noise and lifespan of traditional welded chambers, and meets the extreme requirements of vacuum environment, mechanical precision and system reliability for cutting-edge research such as ultracold atom experiments, quantum computing, and nuclear quantum manipulation.

[0011] In the above scheme: the front end face of the primary vacuum chamber is also connected to a vacuum pipe extending forward axially, the third vacuum optical window is installed on the front end face of the vacuum pipe, and the ion pumps equipped in the primary vacuum chamber and the secondary vacuum chamber are respectively connected to the corresponding vacuum pipes.

[0012] In the above scheme: a gate valve is installed on the vacuum pipeline connecting the primary vacuum chamber and the secondary vacuum chamber, that is, the gate valve is the switch for the channel between the primary vacuum chamber and the secondary vacuum chamber.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0014] 1. Atom versatility and multi-atom co-processing capability. The optimized design of the cavity structure and optical window layout of this invention: The four pillar sides of the primary vacuum cavity adopt a "vertically intersecting arrangement" of second vacuum optical windows, forming pairs of opposite cooling light incident / reflection windows. With the symmetrical installation of Zeeman reducers, it is possible to load two or more atoms simultaneously. By independently controlling the atomic beam of each reducer, synchronous cooling and trapping can be achieved. It can cover the mainstream laser band from visible light to near-infrared, and is suitable for various atomic systems including Rb, Cs, K, Na, Yb, Sr, etc. This makes the entire system universal and reconfigurable in terms of vacuum design and optical channels, so that atoms with different energy level structures, resonant wavelengths and working magnetic field conditions can be independently loaded and controlled in the same device, thereby achieving synchronous cooling, trapping and manipulation of two or more atoms.

[0015] 2. High-efficiency cold atom preparation and system miniaturization. This invention, through modular integrated design, tightly integrates the primary vacuum cavity, secondary vacuum cavity, optical window, and magnetic field coil structure, significantly shortening the optical path and magnetic field interaction area, and achieving the goal of maintaining high cooling efficiency and high atomic number density in a miniaturized system.

[0016] 3. This invention combines multiple functions: quantum simulation, quantum precision measurement, and quantum computing (neutral atom). It not only supports conventional quantum simulation and quantum precision measurement experiments such as laser cooling, magneto-optical trapping, optical lattice loading, and research on quantum gases and quantum phase transitions, but also reserves space and optical channels for high numerical aperture (NA) objectives in its structural design, thus meeting the needs of single-atom manipulation and high-resolution microscopic imaging in quantum computing experiments. Therefore, this invention can be used as a general-purpose quantum simulation experimental platform or directly extended to become the core physical platform of a neutral atom quantum computing experimental system, achieving a seamless connection from cold atom preparation to quantum logic gate manipulation.

[0017] In summary, this invention, through structural innovation and functional integration, not only enhances the versatility of preparing multiple types of atoms, but also achieves full-scenario coverage from basic quantum simulation to cutting-edge quantum computing through miniaturized design and modular interfaces, demonstrating significant technological innovation and practical application value. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the end face of the primary vacuum chamber.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a side view of the secondary vacuum chamber.

[0021] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the cooling optical vacuum pipes in a Zeeman reducer.

[0022] Figure 5 The diagram shows the gain effect of the dual-beam Zeeman reducer at 350℃. Detailed Implementation

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 4, a high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform mainly consists of a Zeeman reducer 1, a primary vacuum chamber 4, and a secondary vacuum chamber 5.

[0024] The Zeeman reducer includes an atomic beam vacuum pipe 101, a vacuum deceleration region, and a cooling optical vacuum pipe 102 connected in sequence. An atomic reactor 2 is housed within the atomic beam vacuum pipe 101. A first vacuum optical window, serving as the deceleration light incident window 3, is installed at the rear end of the cooling optical vacuum pipe 102. There are two cooling optical vacuum pipes 102, arranged symmetrically in a figure-eight shape. The angle between the axis of each cooling optical vacuum pipe 102 and the axis of the atomic beam vacuum pipe 101 is 3–30°, specifically 5–7°.

[0025] Both the primary vacuum chamber 4 and the secondary vacuum chamber 5 are 4n-sided prisms, where n is an integer ≥2. Each of the four cylindrical sides of the primary vacuum chamber 4 is equipped with a second vacuum optical window, and each second vacuum optical window is opposite to the other and perpendicularly intersecting. One of each pair of second vacuum optical windows serves as the primary cooling light incident window 6, and the other has a reflector on its outer surface, which can serve as the primary cooling light reflection window 7.

[0026] The remaining cylindrical sides of the primary vacuum chamber 4 are used to install Zeeman reducers 1. Each Zeeman reducer 1 is correspondingly installed on two opposite cylindrical sides. One cylindrical side is used to install the atomic beam vacuum pipe 101 of the Zeeman reducer 1, and the other opposite cylindrical side is used to install the corresponding cooling optical vacuum pipe 102. Specifically, the two cooling optical vacuum pipes 102 can be arranged symmetrically in a figure-eight shape along the transverse direction on the corresponding cylindrical sides, or they can be arranged symmetrically in a figure-eight shape along the longitudinal direction on the corresponding cylindrical sides (e.g., ...). Figure 4 As shown, on the left, two cooling optical vacuum pipes 102 are arranged symmetrically in a figure-eight shape along the transverse side of the corresponding column, and on the right, two cooling optical vacuum pipes 102 are arranged symmetrically in a figure-eight shape along the longitudinal side of the corresponding column. The specific arrangement can be optimized based on the angle between the axis of the cooling optical vacuum pipe 102 and the axis of the atomic beam vacuum pipe 101, and can be moved to the end face of the primary vacuum chamber 4 or other side cylindrical surfaces. The vacuum deceleration region is located within the atomic beam vacuum pipe 101 and the primary vacuum chamber 4.

[0027] A primary vacuum chamber 4 is arranged horizontally, and a secondary vacuum chamber 5 is arranged vertically. Both are equipped with ion pumps 8 to maintain their internal vacuum. The primary vacuum chamber 4 and the secondary vacuum chamber 5 are connected by a vacuum pipe that extends axially along the primary vacuum chamber 4 and connects the rear end face of the primary vacuum chamber 4 to one of the column sides of the secondary vacuum chamber 5. A coaxially extending differential tube is built into the end of the vacuum pipe near the primary vacuum chamber 4. A third vacuum optical window is installed on the front end face of the primary vacuum chamber 4 as a laser incident window 9. Permanent magnets 10 are installed on both the front and rear end faces of the primary vacuum chamber 4. Fourth vacuum optical windows are installed on the remaining column sides of the secondary vacuum chamber 5, with four fourth vacuum optical windows arranged vertically as secondary cooling light incident windows 11. Fifth vacuum optical windows are provided on the upper and lower end faces of the secondary vacuum chamber 5, and magnetic field coils 12 are installed on their outer walls. The fifth vacuum optical windows also serve as secondary cooling light incident windows 11.

[0028] Ideally, both the primary vacuum cavity 4 and the secondary vacuum cavity 5 are octagonal columnar structures. The primary vacuum cavity 4 is equipped with four secondary vacuum optical windows and two Zeeman reducers 1, which are arranged in a staggered pattern. Two mutually perpendicular secondary vacuum optical windows serve as primary cooling light incident windows 6. Through the octagonal columnar structure, and with optimized window layout and Zeeman reducer distribution, the integration of multiple functions—including two-atom co-processing, efficient cold atom preparation, and quantum simulation and computation—is achieved.

[0029] Ideally, the first, second, third, and fourth vacuum optical windows should all be constructed using the following structure: through holes are made on the corresponding surfaces of the windows, and vacuum flange interfaces are machined outwards. These vacuum flange interfaces are then used in conjunction with metal flanges to fix the optical glass, thus forming the corresponding vacuum optical window structures. The optical glass of the deceleration light incident window 3, the first-stage cooling light incident window 6, and the second-stage cooling light incident window 11 is transparent glass. This structural design, using through holes, extended vacuum flange interfaces, and metal flanges to fix the optical glass, is simple and easy to install.

[0030] Ideally, the optical glass should be coated with a multi-band broadband dielectric antireflection film to achieve efficient transmission and low reflection loss of light waves in multiple bands.

[0031] Ideally, both the primary vacuum chamber 4 and the secondary vacuum chamber 5 should be integrally formed from titanium alloy. The integral forming process of titanium alloy, with its ultra-high vacuum sealing, mechanical stability, corrosion resistance, and radiation resistance, solves the problems of leakage rate, vibration noise, and lifespan associated with traditional welded chambers. This meets the extreme demands of cutting-edge research in ultracold atom experiments, quantum computing, and nuclear quantum manipulation for vacuum environment, mechanical precision, and system reliability.

[0032] Preferably, a pair of permanent magnets 10 are evenly distributed on the front and rear ends of the primary vacuum chamber 4. The pair of permanent magnets 10 includes two permanent magnets 10 symmetrically arranged along the center of the corresponding end faces. The magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 10 can be used by multiple Zeeman reducers 1. This magnetic field distribution can cool, trap, and prepare ultracold atoms.

[0033] Ideally, the front end face of the primary vacuum chamber 4 is also connected to a vacuum pipe extending forward axially, and the third vacuum optical window is installed on the front end face of the vacuum pipe. The ion pumps 8 equipped in the primary vacuum chamber 4 and the secondary vacuum chamber 5 are respectively connected to the corresponding vacuum pipes.

[0034] Ideally, a gate valve 13 is installed on the vacuum pipe connecting the primary vacuum chamber 4 and the secondary vacuum chamber 5, that is, the gate valve 13 is the switch for the channel between the primary vacuum chamber 4 and the secondary vacuum chamber 5.

[0035] In existing neutral atom experimental systems, to obtain a sufficient number of cold atoms, the secondary vacuum cavity 5 typically requires a laser cooling and trapping structure with a large spot diameter, resulting in a large cavity size in the axial direction (typically greater than 20 mm in height). This structure demands that the accompanying imaging objective have a small numerical aperture (NA), typically much lower than 0.6, which severely limits the system's spatial resolution and imaging capabilities, making it difficult to meet the high numerical aperture optical system requirements of quantum computing applications such as high-resolution imaging and single-atom manipulation.

[0036] This invention achieves efficient pre-cooling and high-density loading of atomic beams by introducing a high-throughput Zeeman reducer structure, enabling a sufficient number of cold atoms to be obtained while significantly reducing the axial dimensions of the secondary vacuum chamber 5. Thanks to this structure, the height of the secondary vacuum chamber 5 can be significantly reduced, providing the necessary space for configuring imaging objectives with high numerical apertures (NA ≥ 0.8), achieving high-resolution manipulation and imaging of the atomic system while maintaining a high atom count and high loading efficiency.

[0037] This technical solution provides a highly integrated and high-performance experimental platform for applications such as neutral atom quantum simulation, quantum computing, and high-precision quantum measurement, while taking into account both high atomic flux and compact cavity structure.

[0038] Taking the primary vacuum chamber 4 and the secondary vacuum chamber 5 as examples, both of which are octagonal columnar bodies, the working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0039] 1. Pure metal is stored in the atomic reactor 2. It is heated in a vacuum to evaporate it into atomic vapor and release it to produce single atomic vapor, thereby obtaining atoms. The heating temperature depends on the properties of different atoms.

[0040] 2. A capillary array is positioned between the atomic reactor 2 and the primary vacuum chamber 4. The atomic beam needs to be collimated through the capillary before entering the primary vacuum chamber 4 via the vacuum pipe. However, due to the high temperature and high atomic velocity at this point, two decelerating beams are used, intersecting between the capillary array and the primary vacuum chamber 4. These beams, combined with the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 10, decelerate the atoms, facilitating subsequent capture. Through simulation calculations, we can set the angle between the two decelerating beams to 7 degrees. This configuration provides excellent deceleration while avoiding contamination of the optical window by the atomic beam and potential vacuum leakage risks. For example, atoms requiring high-temperature heating, such as ytterbium atoms, not only require heating of the optical window, but also necessitate a Zeeman reducer 1 with a length on the order of meters for cooling. However, our small-angle design allows for a significant reduction in the length of the Zeeman reducer 1 without additional heating. This design also has an additional advantage: it suppresses beam expansion, resulting in a more collimated atomic beam and increased atom capture rate.

[0041] 3. Atoms slowed down by the Zeeman reducer 1 enter the first-stage vacuum cavity 4. Two mutually perpendicular cooling light beams each enter the first-stage vacuum cavity 4 through the first-stage cooling light incident window 6, and are then reflected by their respective opposing second vacuum optical windows, causing the light to return along its original path. Through simulation, we designed the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 10 to be divided into two parts, which can respectively meet the needs of the Zeeman reducer 1 and the first-stage vacuum cavity 4. In the first-stage vacuum cavity 4, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 10 and the two cooling light beams can form a first-stage magneto-optical trap, which can capture a large number of atoms. For different atoms, it is necessary to design the magnetic field distribution generated by the permanent magnet 10 through simulation to adapt to their respective needs.

[0042] Thanks to the superior design of our Zeeman reducer 1, the scalability of our first-stage vacuum chamber 4 is extremely high. The attached diagram shows the preparation of any two types of atoms. However, by simply changing the octahedron of the first-stage vacuum chamber 4 to more faces, adding at least four faces, we can achieve the preparation of any three or more types of atoms.

[0043] 4. A differential tube is placed in the vacuum pipe between the primary vacuum chamber 4 and the secondary vacuum chamber 5, which can further improve the vacuum level of the secondary vacuum chamber 5 and increase the atomic lifetime. A push laser beam (entered through the push laser incident window 9) pushes the atomic clusters trapped in the primary vacuum chamber 4 into the secondary vacuum chamber 5, realizing the transfer of atomic clusters.

[0044] 5. The magnetic field of the secondary vacuum cavity 5 is generated by magnetic field coil 12, and the magnetic field can be controlled by controlling the current. The cooling light is provided by three pairs of orthogonal lasers with opposite polarizations, which, together with the gradient magnetic field provided by a pair of opposing Helmholtz coils, trap the atomic clusters at the center of the secondary vacuum cavity 5. Our designed secondary vacuum cavity 5 is made entirely of titanium, which is not only lightweight and compact, but also resistant to high-intensity vibration tests, and its comprehensive functions facilitate mass production. In addition, the height design of the secondary vacuum cavity 5 is not affected by this structure, and the height of the 3D cavity can be designed to be relatively low to combine with a high-NA objective lens to generate an optical tweezers array for single-atom array trapping for quantum computing.

[0045] Table 1. Gain effect of dual-beam Zeeman reducer at 350℃

[0046] number of atoms <![CDATA[Loading rate (s -1 )]]> Loading time (ms) Dual-beam Zeeman decelerator <![CDATA[2×10 7 ]]> <![CDATA[7×10 7 ]]> 263 Only turn on Zeeman reducer 1 <![CDATA[6×10 7 ]]> <![CDATA[3×10 8 ]]> 177 Only turn on Zeeman reducer 2 <![CDATA[4×10 7 ]]> <![CDATA[2×10 8 ]]> 213 Activate the dual-beam Zeeman reducer <![CDATA[1×10 8 ]]> <![CDATA[1×10 9 ]]> 127

[0047] Figure 5 and Table 1 show the experimental results obtained by the cold atom experimental system designed in this work at 350 °C. The experimental data are derived from the atom loading process in the ytterbium atom secondary vacuum chamber 5, and the loading performance under different conditions is compared.

[0048] As can be seen from Table 1, with the dual-beam Zeeman decelerator (the Zeeman decelerator in this device is a dual-beam Zeeman decelerator) turned off, the atom loading rate is only [missing information]. The corresponding number of stable atoms is When only one Zeeman reducer is activated, the loading rate increases to [percentage missing]. and This indicates that a single-channel Zeeman reducer can significantly enhance atomic beam flux.

[0049] The system performance is most significantly improved when both beam Zeeman reducers operate simultaneously: the atomic loading rate increases to [percentage missing]. The final number of captured atoms reached Compared to the case where Zeeman reducer 1 is turned off, the loading rate is increased by approximately 14 times, fully demonstrating the significant advantages of the dual-beam Zeeman reduction scheme in improving atomic flux and loading efficiency.

[0050] The results demonstrate that the designed cold atom experimental system can effectively enhance the atomic beam flux, providing strong support for subsequent high-density atom trapping, precision manipulation, and quantum control experiments.

Claims

1. A high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform, comprising a Zeeman reducer (1), a primary vacuum chamber (4), and a secondary vacuum chamber (5), wherein the Zeeman reducer (1) comprises an atomic beam vacuum pipe (101), a vacuum deceleration region, and a cooling optical vacuum pipe (102) connected in sequence and communicating with each other, wherein an atomic reactor (2) is provided inside the atomic beam vacuum pipe (101), and a first vacuum optical window is installed at the rear end of the cooling optical vacuum pipe (102) as a deceleration light incident window (3), wherein there are two cooling optical vacuum pipes (102) in total, arranged symmetrically in a figure-eight shape, wherein the angle between the axis of each cooling optical vacuum pipe (102) and the axis of the atomic beam vacuum pipe (101) is 3 to 30°, characterized in that: The primary vacuum cavity (4) and the secondary vacuum cavity (5) are both 4n-sided prisms, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The four cylindrical sides of the primary vacuum cavity (4) are each equipped with a second vacuum optical window, and each second vacuum optical window is opposite to the other and perpendicular to each other. One of the pairs of second vacuum optical windows serves as the primary cooling light incident window (6), and the other has a reflector on its outer surface to form a primary cooling light reflection window (7). The remaining cylindrical sides of the primary vacuum cavity (4) are used to install Zeeman reducers (1). Each Zeeman reducer (1) is correspondingly set on two opposite cylindrical sides. One cylindrical side is used to install the atomic beam vacuum pipe (101) of the Zeeman reducer (1), and the other opposite cylindrical side is used to install the corresponding cooling light vacuum pipe (102). The vacuum deceleration area is arranged in the atomic beam vacuum pipe (101) and the primary vacuum cavity (4). The primary vacuum chamber (4) is arranged horizontally, and the secondary vacuum chamber (5) is arranged vertically. Both are equipped with ion pumps (8) to maintain their internal vacuum. The primary vacuum chamber (4) and the secondary vacuum chamber (5) are connected by a vacuum pipe. The vacuum pipe extends along the axial direction of the primary vacuum chamber (4) and connects the rear end face of the primary vacuum chamber (4) to one of the column sides of the secondary vacuum chamber (5). A coaxially extending differential tube is built into the end of the vacuum pipe near the primary vacuum chamber (4). A [missing information - likely a device or component] is installed on the front end face of the primary vacuum chamber (4). The third vacuum optical window serves as the laser incident window (9). Permanent magnets (10) are installed on the front and rear ends of the first-stage vacuum cavity (4). The remaining cylindrical sides of the second-stage vacuum cavity (5) are equipped with fourth vacuum optical windows, among which four fourth vacuum optical windows that are perpendicularly intersecting serve as second-stage cooling light incident windows (11). The upper and lower ends of the second-stage vacuum cavity (5) are provided with fifth vacuum optical windows, and magnetic field coils (12) are provided on their outer walls. The fifth vacuum optical windows also serve as second-stage cooling light incident windows (11).

2. The high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the primary vacuum chamber (4) and the secondary vacuum chamber (5) are octagonal columnar bodies. The primary vacuum chamber (4) is equipped with four secondary vacuum optical windows and two Zeeman reducers (1). The two Zeeman reducers (1) are distributed in a cross pattern, and two mutually perpendicular secondary vacuum optical windows serve as primary cooling light incident windows (6).

3. The high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first, second, third, and fourth vacuum optical windows are all made with the following structure: through holes are opened on the corresponding surfaces of the windows, and vacuum flange interfaces are machined outward. The optical glass is fixed by using the vacuum flange interface to cooperate with the metal flange, thereby forming the corresponding vacuum optical window structure; the optical glass of the deceleration light incident window (3), the first-stage cooling light incident window (6), and the second-stage cooling light incident window (11) is light-transmitting glass.

4. The high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical glass is coated with a multi-band broadband dielectric antireflective film.

5. The high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary vacuum chamber (4) and the secondary vacuum chamber (5) are respectively integrally formed from titanium alloy.

6. The high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end face of the primary vacuum chamber (4) is also connected to a vacuum pipe extending forward axially. The third vacuum optical window is installed on the front end face of the vacuum pipe. The ion pumps (8) equipped in the primary vacuum chamber (4) and the secondary vacuum chamber (5) are respectively connected to the corresponding vacuum pipes.

7. The high-performance multi-element integrated cold atom molecular experimental platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: A gate valve (13) is installed on the vacuum pipe connecting the primary vacuum chamber (4) and the secondary vacuum chamber (5).

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