Self-awakening control method after shutdown of fuel cell system, control unit, computer program product and storage medium

Abstract

The present application relates to a fuel cell system post-shutdown self-wake-up control method, a control unit, a computer program product, and a storage medium, the fuel cell system post-shutdown self-wake-up control method comprising: an ambient temperature estimation and confirmation step, acquiring remote data related to the driving of the fuel cell vehicle from the outside of the fuel cell vehicle and local data related to the driving of the fuel cell vehicle from the fuel cell vehicle, and estimating and confirming the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system based on the remote data and the local data; and a self-wake-up process determination step in which a wake-up time interval and a wake-up mode corresponding thereto are determined on the basis of the confirmed ambient temperature in combination with data relating to temperature changes of related components of the fuel cell system. The freezing risk of the fuel cell system can be effectively eliminated, and the environmental adaptability, reliability and durability of the fuel cell vehicle can be enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell systems and their control strategies, and in particular to a self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown, as well as related control units, computer program products and storage media. Background Technology

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as a typical electrochemical power generation device, feature low operating temperature, high efficiency, fast start-up time, high power density, and zero emissions. Therefore, fuel cell systems based on PEMFCs (e.g., hydrogen fuel cell systems) have wide applications in fuel cell vehicles (i.e., vehicles capable of being driven by fuel cell systems).

[0003] Compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, fuel cell vehicles have significant advantages in efficiency and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen fuel cell systems, in addition to their strong low-temperature start-up capability, also boast a long driving range due to the high energy density of hydrogen. Their future practical applications in the vehicle transportation sector hold enormous potential for promoting carbon emission reduction.

[0004] Fuel cell vehicles (especially long-haul vehicles) need to operate in various environments, which are often complex and variable. Environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) in different regions (or locations) and at different times frequently present different situations or change drastically. For example, in a hydrogen fuel cell system, the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell produces water, which exhibits different states at different temperatures. If the ambient temperature is high (e.g., above 0°C), the water is liquid. If liquid water is immersed inside the fuel cell stack for a long time, the stack is prone to damage. If the ambient temperature is low (e.g., below 0°C), the water may freeze, which can easily damage the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the fuel cell system, hinder gas transport, and affect the reliability and durability of the fuel cell system.

[0005] Therefore, improving the reliability and durability of fuel cell systems stored in different environments after shutdown is crucial. Those skilled in the art know that, generally, after a fuel cell system shuts down (including normal shutdown and fault shutdown), the system's own temperature and the ambient temperature are monitored. Different measures are taken at different temperatures to ensure the fuel cell vehicle can start and operate normally, thus requiring a corresponding "wake-up" of the fuel cell system. However, current known technologies do not consider the potential impact of future ambient temperature on the wake-up process and fail to comprehensively and accurately confirm the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system. Furthermore, they typically employ timed wake-up methods (e.g., wake-up every hour or several hours). Too frequent wake-ups are unnecessary and wasteful of energy, while excessively long intervals fail to achieve the monitoring purpose. Therefore, rationally determining the self-wake-up duration of the fuel cell system is essential. In addition, the control strategy of the fuel cell system after wake-up plays a decisive role in the next startup. Therefore, how to rationally determine the self-wake-up time interval after a fuel cell system shutdown, and the control strategy after wake-up, based on accurate confirmation of the ambient temperature, to avoid reduced durability and reliability of the fuel cell system due to changes in ambient temperature after shutdown, are pressing technical problems that need to be solved. In other words, there is a need to improve upon currently known technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above background, the purpose of this application is to propose a self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown, which can at least partially or even completely overcome the defects or problems mentioned in the background section.

[0007] The purpose of this application is also to provide a control unit, computer program product, and computer-readable storage medium adapted to the above-described control method.

[0008] Therefore, according to one aspect of this application, a self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown is provided, which can control the self-wake-up process of the fuel cell system after shutdown of the fuel cell vehicle based on remote data obtained from outside the fuel cell vehicle (e.g., a cloud platform) and local data obtained from the fuel cell vehicle. The self-wake-up control method for the fuel cell system after shutdown includes:

[0009] An ambient temperature estimation and verification step, wherein, in response to a shutdown of the fuel cell system, remote data related to the operation of the fuel cell vehicle is acquired from outside the fuel cell vehicle, and local data related to the operation of the fuel cell vehicle is acquired from the fuel cell vehicle itself; and the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system (in other words, the fuel cell vehicle) is estimated and verified based on the remote data and the local data; and

[0010] The self-wake-up process determination step involves determining a corresponding wake-up time interval and wake-up mode (in other words, an ideal wake-up time interval and wake-up strategy adapted to the confirmation results) based on the confirmed ambient temperature and in conjunction with data related to temperature changes of relevant components of the fuel cell system (e.g., fuel cell system parts, coolant circulation lines, and stack).

[0011] According to another aspect of this application, a control unit is also proposed, comprising:

[0012] Processor; and

[0013] A memory storing computer programs / instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the self-wake-up control method for the fuel cell system after shutdown as described above.

[0014] According to another aspect of this application, a computer program product is also proposed, which includes a computer program (or instructions) that, when executed by a processor, implements the self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown as described above.

[0015] According to another aspect of this application, a computer-readable storage medium (or machine-readable storage medium) is also proposed, which stores executable instructions (or program instructions) that, when executed by a processor, implement the self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown as described above.

[0016] As can be seen from the above description, this application proposes a novel self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown, as well as a corresponding control unit, computer program product, and storage medium. The key point or main design concept is to estimate and confirm the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system based on remote data obtained from the outside of the fuel cell vehicle and local data obtained from the fuel cell vehicle itself. On this basis, combined with data related to the temperature changes of relevant components of the fuel cell system, a corresponding wake-up time interval and wake-up mode (control strategy) are adopted to optimize the self-wake-up frequency and wake-up mode of the fuel cell system. This effectively eliminates the risk of freezing after the fuel cell system shuts down, reduces the impact of temperature changes on the durability of the fuel cell stack, and achieves beneficial effects such as enhancing the environmental adaptability of the fuel cell vehicle and improving its reliability and durability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The features, advantages, and many other aspects of this application will become clearer from the following more detailed description of the application given with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments, in which:

[0018] Figure 1A simplified schematic diagram of a typical configuration (or integrated design) of a known fuel cell system;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a method for estimating the internal temperature of a fuel cell stack according to an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figures 3A to 3D This is a schematic diagram showing the temperature changes of the various components of a fuel cell system under different ambient temperatures after the system is shut down.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the mapping relationship (or temperature drop table) between the various components of the fuel cell system and the temperature drop time under different ambient temperatures, which can be stored in the cloud platform.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a method for estimating and verifying the ambient temperature of a fuel cell system according to an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the basic logic or overall flow of a self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown, according to an exemplary embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of this application and other details are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments and related descriptions given herein should be construed as exemplary and not as limiting the scope of this application.

[0025] Furthermore, it should be noted that, for the sake of brevity and to facilitate a better understanding of the design points or substantive features of this application, the specification and accompanying drawings of this application focus on describing or illustrating the content related to the main design points or principles of this application, while omitting or simplifying other parts (especially omitting detailed descriptions of techniques known in the art). Regarding the basic principles, control processes, and specific details of these omitted parts, they pertain to known techniques in the art or can be specifically applied by those skilled in the art based on existing knowledge and application environments, and will not be elaborated upon here, nor will they be illustrated in detail. In other words, methods (e.g., control processes) and techniques well-known in the art are not illustrated or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the core or substance of this application.

[0026] To facilitate a clearer understanding of the various aspects of this application, before describing the technical solutions, we will first combine... Figure 1 Briefly describe the typical configuration of existing known fuel cell systems.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, taking the hydrogen fuel cell system commonly used in fuel cell vehicles as an example (but obviously not limited to this), a fuel cell system typically includes a stack 1, an anode subsystem (or hydrogen subsystem) 2, a cathode subsystem (or air subsystem) 3, a thermal management subsystem 4, and an electrical and control subsystem 5. The anode subsystem 2 primarily supplies hydrogen to the stack anode, and the cathode subsystem 3 primarily supplies air to the stack cathode to ensure the normal operation of the electrochemical reaction. The thermal management subsystem 4 is mainly used to ensure that the stack 1 operates at a suitable temperature, keeping the stack 1 in a comfortable state. The electrical and control subsystem 5 is mainly used for power distribution and control of the above subsystems.

[0028] The fuel cell stack 1 can be composed of multiple fuel cell cells connected in series. Each cell can be composed of a proton exchange membrane, a catalyst layer, a diffusion layer, and bipolar plates.

[0029] The anode subsystem 2 may include a hydrogen tank 21, a shut-off valve 22, a pressure reducing valve 23, a proportional valve 24, an anode discharge valve 25, and an anode circulation system 26. More specifically, for the anode subsystem 2, hydrogen in the hydrogen tank 21 passes through the shut-off valve 22 and the pressure reducing valve 23 to reach the proportional valve 24. The proportional valve 24 controls the pressure of the anode gas (here, hydrogen) entering the fuel cell stack 1. After entering the fuel cell stack 1, the hydrogen participates in the reaction. Unreacted gas can be mixed with fresh hydrogen through the anode circulation system 26 and then re-enter the fuel cell stack 1. As the electrochemical reaction proceeds, nitrogen (N2) and water vapor will accumulate on the anode side, affecting the reaction. Therefore, the anode discharge valve 25 is opened intermittently to increase the hydrogen concentration in the anode circulation system 26.

[0030] The cathode subsystem 3 may include an air filter 31, an air compressor 32, an intercooler 33, and a back pressure valve 34. More specifically, for the cathode subsystem 3, the outside atmosphere enters the air compressor 32 after passing through the air filter 31. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas after compression is cooled by the intercooler 33 and then enters the fuel cell stack 1 to participate in the reaction. The outlet of the fuel cell stack cathode is equipped with a back pressure valve 34. The exhaust gas generated after the reaction can be discharged to the atmosphere AT through a mixing box MB that is fluidly connected to the anode discharge valve 25 and the back pressure valve 34 respectively.

[0031] The thermal management subsystem 4 may include a pump body (e.g., a water pump) 41, a thermostat 42, and a radiator 43, forming a coolant circulation pipeline through which coolant can circulate. More specifically, for the thermal management subsystem 4, the pump body 41 is located at the inlet of the fuel cell cooling circulation, driving coolant into the fuel cell 1 and carrying away the heat generated by the fuel cell 1. When the coolant temperature is low, the thermostat 42 opens, and the coolant flows in a small circulation loop that does not pass through the radiator 43; when the coolant temperature is high, the coolant can flow in a large circulation loop through the radiator 43, thereby dissipating heat through the radiator 43 and ensuring that the fuel cell 1 operates within a suitable temperature range.

[0032] The electrical and control subsystem 5 mainly includes a PTU (Power Transfer Unit) and a controller (or control unit, not shown). The PTU is mainly used to distribute power to the various actuators in the fuel cell system (e.g., anode circulation system 26, anode discharge valve 25, air compressor 32, back pressure valve 34, pump body 41, etc.), while the controller is mainly used to control the coordinated operation of the various actuators to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the fuel cell system.

[0033] from Figure 1 It can also be seen that symbols are installed at the cathode, anode, and coolant inlet / outlet of the fuel cell stack. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the fluid entering and exiting the fuel cell stack 1 in real time.

[0034] As mentioned earlier, fuel cell vehicles need to operate in complex and ever-changing environments, and the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system (in other words, the fuel cell vehicle) is not necessarily synchronized with its actual temperature. That is, the fuel cell system is affected by the environment, and heat transfer requires a certain amount of time. Typically, after a delay, the fuel cell system (and its components, as well as the coolant circulation pipes or coolant used within it) reaches the same temperature as its environment. Furthermore, the temperature delay time of each component of the fuel cell system is not the same and is related to the fuel cell system itself and its integrated layout. Therefore, accurately determining (or confirming) the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system and, based on this, rationally determining the self-wake-up time interval after the fuel cell system shuts down, and the control strategy after wake-up to avoid reduced durability and reliability of the fuel cell due to changes in ambient temperature after shutdown, are currently urgent technical problems that need to be solved.

[0035] In particular, the inventors of this application have noticed and realized that for long-distance transport vehicles such as long-haul freight vehicles, the above problems are more prominent due to their characteristics such as wide driving range, relatively fixed driving routes (or driving areas) and long-distance driving in a short period of time, and there is an urgent need and practical significance to solve the above problems.

[0036] Based on the above background, this application proposes a novel self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown. Its main design concept or principle is that the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system (i.e., the vehicle fuel cell system) of the fuel cell vehicle can be accurately estimated (or predicted) and confirmed based on remote data obtained from the outside of the fuel cell vehicle (e.g., by means of a cloud platform) and local data obtained from the fuel cell vehicle itself (e.g., by means of onboard or sensor-mounted sensors). The self-wake-up process of the fuel cell system after shutdown is reasonably controlled according to the different cooling rates of the relevant (or several) components of the fuel cell system (i.e., the self-wake-up time interval and related wake-up strategy after the fuel cell system shutdown are determined accordingly). This ultimately achieves the goals of reducing the energy consumption of the fuel cell system, enhancing its environmental adaptability, and improving its durability and reliability.

[0037] More specifically, as will be described in detail below. Figure 6 As shown in the exemplary embodiment of this application, a self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown is proposed. This method can control the self-wake-up process of the fuel cell system after shutdown of the fuel cell vehicle based on remote data acquired from outside the fuel cell vehicle and local data acquired from the fuel cell vehicle. The self-wake-up control method for the fuel cell system after shutdown may include:

[0038] Ambient temperature estimation and confirmation step S100, wherein in response to the shutdown of the fuel cell system (i.e., step S0, in which the fuel cell system is determined to have entered a shutdown state, for example, by detecting the status of the fuel cell system or based on received signals related to the shutdown of the fuel cell system), remote data related to the operation of the fuel cell vehicle is acquired from outside the fuel cell vehicle, and local data related to the operation of the fuel cell vehicle is acquired from the fuel cell vehicle (which may be, for example, data recorded by the fuel cell control unit of the fuel cell system, but is not limited thereto), and the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system is estimated and confirmed based on the remote data and the local data; and

[0039] In the self-wake-up process determination step S200, based on the confirmed ambient temperature and in conjunction with data related to temperature changes of relevant components of the fuel cell system, a corresponding wake-up time interval and wake-up mode are determined.

[0040] Before describing the novel fuel cell system self-wake-up control method after shutdown in this application in more detail, let's first refer to... Figures 2 to 5 This document describes the temperature determination method and the acquisition of reference data related to this application.

[0041] In this application, the temperature change process of the relevant components of the fuel cell system refers to the process in which the temperature of the relevant components gradually drops to the ambient temperature after the fuel cell system is shut down and placed in the actual storage environment.

[0042] Figure 2 A feasible method (or approach) for determining the internal temperature of a fuel cell stack according to exemplary embodiments of this application is illustrated in an illustrative manner.

[0043] It should be noted that, regarding Figure 2 The method for determining the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack shown is based on the fact that, after a fuel cell system is shut down and stored in an actual environment with an ambient temperature T0, the internal temperature of the stack will change with the ambient temperature. The main principle is that, at the fuel cell system level, temperature sensors installed at the cathode, anode, and coolant inlet and outlet of the stack are used to monitor the temperature of the fluid entering and leaving the stack in real time, and temperature change tests are conducted on the fuel cell system under actual storage conditions. This allows for the overall monitoring of temperature changes related to the stack and the reliable determination of the internal temperature changes of the stack.

[0044] More specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, in step S11, the ambient temperature T0 of the storage environment of the fuel cell system (in other words, the fuel cell vehicle) is obtained, and the temperature T1 of the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell system is shut down is recorded. T1 can be obtained as the average temperature of the coolant entering and exiting the fuel cell stack. Afterwards, the values ​​of each temperature sensor in the fuel cell system are monitored in real time, without any operation on the fuel cell system. Based on this, after the fuel cell system has been stationary for a time t1, in step S12, the average temperature T2 of the coolant entering and exiting the fuel cell stack is measured and obtained. Then, after rotating the pump body 41 and running for a time t2 to ensure uniform heat exchange between the coolant and the fuel cell stack, in step S13, the average temperature T2′ of the coolant entering and exiting the fuel cell stack is measured and obtained (generally, the temperature drop rate of the fuel cell stack will not be greater than the temperature drop rate of the coolant, i.e., T2 ≤ T2′). Subsequently, at step S14, the stack temperature (or internal temperature of the stack) T3 is calculated using the following formula based on the heat capacity M1 of the stack and the heat capacity M2 of the thermal management subsystem: T3 = [(T2′-T2)×M2+M1×T2′] / M1.

[0045] Furthermore, regarding the method for determining the temperature of other components of the fuel cell system as ambient temperature changes, the temperature changes of the temperature sensors at the cathode / anode inlet and outlet can be considered to represent the temperature changes of the components (i.e., cathode and anode components) or pipelines of the cathode / anode subsystem of the fuel cell system. The average value of the four temperature sensors at the cathode / anode inlet and outlet can be taken, denoted as T. cFor the temperature change of the coolant circulation pipeline (or loop), during the stationary process of the fuel cell system, no operation is performed on the fuel cell system. The values of each temperature sensor at the inlet and outlet of the coolant circulation pipeline are recorded in real time and averaged to obtain the temperature of the coolant circulation pipeline, denoted as T L .

[0046] By means of the above temperature determination method, based on a large number of experiments, a schematic diagram (or temperature change curve) of the temperature change of each relevant component of the fuel cell system after shutdown under the influence of the ambient temperature as shown in Figures 3A to 3D can be obtained. In Figures 3A to 3D , TIME represents the (system) placement time, TEM represents the temperature, T0 represents the ambient temperature of the parking environment when the fuel cell system shuts down, T1 represents the temperature of the stack when the fuel cell system finishes shutting down, T c represents the temperature of the anode and cathode components, T L represents the temperature of the coolant circulation pipeline, T3 represents the temperature of the stack (or the internal temperature of the stack), T 0A represents a certain ambient temperature below 0°C, T 0B represents another lower ambient temperature below 0°C.

[0047] From Figures 3A to 3D , it can be seen that according to the differences in the ambient temperature and the temperature of the fuel cell system at shutdown, the following different situations can be divided.

[0048] The temperature of the fuel cell system after shutdown is generally on the high side, for example, about 35°C - 45°C. Figure 3A shows the situation where the ambient temperature is basically the same as the temperature of the fuel cell system (in other words, the stack) at shutdown. At this time, 0 < T0 = T1, and this situation may occur in hot summer. At this time, the temperatures of each component of the fuel cell system (especially the anode and cathode components) basically do not change.

[0049] Figure 3B represents the situation where the ambient temperature is lower than the temperature of the fuel cell system (such as the stack) at shutdown and both are greater than 0°C. At this time, 0 < T0 < T1. It can be seen from the figure that as the stationary time of the fuel cell system extends, the temperatures of the anode and cathode components, the coolant circulation pipeline (or coolant), and the stack of the fuel cell system all gradually decrease, and the temperature drop rates of the three all gradually decrease. At the same moment, the temperature of the anode and cathode components is lower than the temperature of the coolant circulation pipeline, and the temperature of the coolant circulation pipeline is lower than the temperature of the stack, but finally all reach a temperature value almost the same as the ambient temperature.

[0050] Figure 3C and Figure 3Drespectively represent the case where the ambient temperature is lower than the temperature of the fuel cell system at shutdown and lower than 0 °C, where in Figure 3C T 0A = T0 < 0 < T1, and in Figure 3D T 0B = T0 < 0 < T1.

[0051] Similarly, it can be seen from Figure 3C and Figure 3D that as the heat exchange with the surrounding environment proceeds, the temperatures of the anode and cathode components, the coolant circulation pipeline (thermal management subsystem), and the stack of the fuel cell system all gradually decrease, and as the standing time gradually increases, they will each drop below 0 °C and gradually decrease to the same temperature as the actual environment. Taking the times corresponding to when the temperatures of the anode and cathode components, the coolant circulation pipeline (or coolant), and the stack of the fuel cell system drop to 0 °C respectively, for Figure 3C , t A0 , t A1 and t A2 can be obtained respectively, while for Figure 3D , t B0 , t B1 and t B2 can be obtained respectively, and further a mapping relationship (such as, but not limited to, a temperature drop time table graph) related to the temperature drop times of the relevant components of the fuel cell system (more specifically, the anode and cathode components, the coolant circulation pipeline, and the stack) at different ambient temperatures as shown in Figure 4 can be obtained, thereby laying a foundation and providing a basis (or data support) for formulating the self-wake-up time and the corresponding wake-up strategy in the self-wake-up control method of the fuel cell system after shutdown of the present application.

[0052] It should be noted that in Figure 4 , T i represents the ambient temperature, t i represents the time required to drop from the initial temperature to 0 °C (i.e., the temperature drop time), SC represents the relevant components of the fuel cell system, SC1 represents the anode and cathode components, SC2 represents the coolant circulation pipeline, SC3 represents the stack, T Ⅰ , T Ⅱ , T Ⅲ respectively represent different ambient temperatures higher than 0 °C, T 0A , T 0B , T 0C , T 0D respectively represent different ambient temperatures lower than 0 °C, t 00 , t 01 , t 02 , …, t D0 , t D1 、tD2 These represent the temperature drop times corresponding to each relevant component under different ambient temperatures (i.e., the time required for each relevant component to decrease from its initial temperature to 0°C under different ambient temperatures).

[0053] from Figure 4 As can be seen, when the ambient temperature is greater than 0℃, the temperature of each relevant component of the fuel cell system will not drop to 0℃, that is, the temperature drop time is infinite (∞); when the ambient temperature is equal to or lower than 0℃, the time required for the temperature of each relevant component of the fuel cell system to drop to 0℃ is recorded, and a mapping relationship related to the time required for each relevant component to drop from the initial temperature to 0℃ under different ambient temperatures below 0℃ is obtained (it can be presented as a Map such as a table, but is not limited to this, and can be stored in the cloud platform in advance for later use as backup data for the control method of this application).

[0054] in addition, Figure 5 The exemplary embodiment of this application illustrates a method for estimating and verifying the ambient temperature of a fuel cell system, which can be used in the ambient temperature estimation and verification step S100 as described above (as a basis for subsequent processing, such as determining the self-wake-up time interval and corresponding wake-up mode after the fuel cell system is shut down by combining the previously described mapping relationship or temperature drop table).

[0055] More specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, according to an exemplary embodiment of this application, a method for estimating and confirming the ambient temperature of a fuel cell system is proposed, which may include:

[0056] The location information acquisition step S110 involves acquiring the real-time location information of the fuel cell vehicle (in other words, the fuel cell system) based on the vehicle-mounted cloud control unit of the fuel cell vehicle and the big data from the cloud platform.

[0057] The area and time determination step S120 involves determining the current area and current time of the fuel cell vehicle based on the real-time positioning information.

[0058] Temperature acquisition step S130, wherein the current ambient temperature of the fuel cell system (in other words, the fuel cell vehicle) is acquired in real time, the historical lowest temperature of the current area stored in the cloud platform at the same time (e.g., the same day) K years ago is acquired, and the possible lowest temperature of the current area predicted by the cloud platform in the next P days is acquired (which may be based on cloud platform data models such as cloud platform meteorological prediction models pre-established in the cloud platform, and has the advantages of significantly enhancing effectiveness and accuracy, effectively saving computing power, and improving work efficiency. The cloud platform meteorological prediction model is established, for example, based on historical / future meteorological data of the relevant driving area of ​​the fuel cell vehicle and trained by artificial intelligence training, but is not limited to this).

[0059] Temperature comparison step S140, wherein the current ambient temperature, the historical lowest temperature, and the possible lowest temperature are compared and the minimum value is taken (i.e., the lowest ambient temperature); and

[0060] Ambient temperature confirmation step S150, wherein the minimum value is determined as the confirmed ambient temperature.

[0061] Where K and P are both natural numbers greater than or equal to 1, and can be determined based on experiments or experience (in addition, K and P can be the same or different from each other, and can be appropriately adjusted or changed according to specific applications and actual needs).

[0062] In other words, according to Figure 5 The method shown, for example, can obtain the location of the fuel cell vehicle (or fuel cell system) in real time based on the on-board CCU (Cloud Controller Unit) and big data from the cloud platform, thereby obtaining the location and time of the area. Based on the data stored and obtained in real time from the cloud platform, the current ambient temperature, the lowest temperature value at the same location at the same time K years ago, and the possible lowest temperature value of the area in the next P days are obtained. Then, the above three are compared and the minimum value is taken to obtain the confirmed ambient temperature.

[0063] The following is for reference. Figure 6 Further details are provided regarding the self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0064] According to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, the fuel cell vehicle can be configured to wirelessly communicate with an external cloud platform (i.e., network connection), from which remote data, as described above, can be obtained. Furthermore, the relevant components of the fuel cell system may include fuel cell system parts, coolant circulation lines, and a fuel cell stack. Data related to temperature changes in the relevant components of the fuel cell system may include the real-time temperatures of the parts, the coolant circulation lines, and the fuel cell stack, and the time required for them to decrease from different ambient temperatures to a first low-temperature threshold (which is related to their respective temperature drop rates).

[0065] According to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, the wake-up mode involved in the self-wake-up control method after the fuel cell system shutdown may include the following different levels of wake-up modes:

[0066] A mild system wake-up mode, wherein the temperature of each sensor in the fuel cell system is acquired in real time and the confirmed ambient temperature of the fuel cell system is updated (this update process may be achieved, for example, by means of...). Figure 5 (The method shown is not limited to this);

[0067] A moderate system wake-up mode, in addition to performing the operations in the mild system wake-up mode, also wakes up the actuators related to the purging of the fuel cell system components and purifies the fuel cell system components (for example, by non-limiting example, the air compressor 32, back pressure valve 34, anode discharge valve 25, pump body 41, and if necessary, the anode circulation system 26, etc., in the fuel cell system can be woken up, and only the fuel cell system components are purged to prevent the fuel cell system components from freezing and to drain residual condensate inside the fuel cell stack); and

[0068] The high-level system wake-up mode, in addition to performing the operations in the medium-level system wake-up mode, also starts the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system and purges the inside of the stack (i.e., wakes up the entire fuel cell system to precisely control the water content inside the stack, preparing it for storage at low temperatures, protecting it from low-temperature damage, and preparing the fuel cell system for the next low-temperature start-up).

[0069] Furthermore, as can be seen from the foregoing description, according to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, the fuel cell system can be a hydrogen fuel cell system, which may include an anode subsystem, a cathode subsystem, and a thermal management subsystem. The anode subsystem includes an anode discharge valve, the cathode subsystem includes an air compressor and a back pressure valve, and the thermal management subsystem includes a pump body for pumping coolant. In the moderate system wake-up mode, the process of waking up the actuators related to the purging of the fuel cell system components may include waking up the air compressor, the back pressure valve, the anode discharge valve, and the pump body.

[0070] Therefore, according to this application, different levels of self-wake-up modes (in other words, different control strategies) can be executed based on the confirmed ambient temperature. Depending on the degree of system self-wake-up, it can be divided into light / medium / high system wake-up. When performing a light system wake-up, the temperature of each sensor in the fuel cell system is acquired in real time and the confirmed ambient temperature is updated. When performing a medium system wake-up, in addition to acquiring the temperature of each sensor in the fuel cell system in real time and updating the confirmed ambient temperature, the relevant actuators of the system (such as the air compressor, back pressure valve, anode discharge valve, pump body, etc.) are also awakened, and only the components of the fuel cell system are purged to prevent them from freezing and to drain residual condensate from the stack. When performing a high system wake-up, in addition to the operations performed in the medium system wake-up, the fuel cell stack is started, and the interior of the stack is purged accordingly to precisely control its internal moisture content, preparing for reliable storage of the stack at low temperatures, preventing low-temperature damage, and preparing for the next low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell system.

[0071] It should be noted that, regarding the above-mentioned light / medium / high system wake-up modes, based on the design principles and disclosures of this application, those skilled in the art can make appropriate designs, selective applications, or specific applications according to existing knowledge in the field and application environments. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, further details will not be elaborated here.

[0072] According to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, the fuel cell system can be a hydrogen fuel cell system, and the first low-temperature threshold can be set to 0°C. Furthermore, the time required for the components, the coolant circulation pipeline, and the fuel cell stack to decrease from different ambient temperatures to 0°C can be predetermined experimentally, and their mapping relationship can be pre-stored in the cloud platform, thereby serving as backup data for the self-wake-up process determination step S200.

[0073] In the above situations, such as Figure 6 As shown, according to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, the self-wake-up process determination step S200 may include:

[0074] Confirm the temperature comparison and judgment step S210, wherein the confirmed ambient temperature is compared with 0°C and it is determined whether it is less than 0°C;

[0075] The first wake-up time interval determination step S211 and the subsequent first wake-up mode determination step S212, wherein in the first wake-up time interval determination step S211, if the confirmed ambient temperature is not less than 0℃ (i.e., the confirmed temperature comparison and judgment result of step S210 is N), the wake-up time interval after the fuel cell system shutdown is determined as the first wake-up time interval t based on the mapping relationship stored in the cloud platform, and in the first wake-up mode determination step S212, the first wake-up mode, which is the mild system wake-up mode, is executed; or

[0076] The second wake-up time interval determination step S221 and the subsequent second wake-up mode determination step S222, wherein in the second wake-up time interval determination step S221, if the confirmed ambient temperature is less than 0℃ (i.e., the confirmed temperature comparison and judgment result of step S210 is Y), the wake-up time interval is determined as the second wake-up time interval t′ based on the mapping relationship stored in the cloud platform, and in the second wake-up mode determination step S222, the second wake-up mode, which is presented as the moderate system wake-up mode, is executed.

[0077] In addition, such as Figure 6 As shown, according to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, after the first wake-up mode determination step S212, the self-wake-up control method for the fuel cell system after shutdown may further include:

[0078] The system component and coolant circulation pipeline temperature acquisition step S213 involves acquiring the actual temperature of the component (e.g., taking the average value of four temperature sensors at the cathode / anode inlet and outlet, but not limited thereto) and the actual temperature of the coolant circulation pipeline (e.g., taking the average value of each temperature sensor at the inlet and outlet of the coolant circulation pipeline, but not limited thereto), and taking the smaller value between the two.

[0079] The actual temperature comparison and judgment step S214 includes comparing the smaller value with 0°C and determining whether it is less than 0°C; and

[0080] Based on the comparison between the smaller value and 0°C, different wake-up processes are executed.

[0081] In the above situations, such as Figure 6 As shown, according to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, the different wake-up processes may include:

[0082] If the smaller value is not less than 0℃ (i.e., the judgment result of the actual temperature comparison and judgment step S214 is N), the confirmed ambient temperature is updated (step S215), compared with 0℃, and it is determined whether it is less than 0℃ (step S216). If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is not less than 0℃ (i.e., the judgment result of step S216 is N), the process returns to the first wake-up time interval determination step (S211). If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is less than 0℃ (i.e., the judgment result of step S216 is Y), the process proceeds to the second wake-up time interval determination step S221.

[0083] If the smaller value is less than 0°C (i.e., the judgment result of the actual temperature comparison and judgment step S214 is Y), proceed to the second wake-up mode determination step S222.

[0084] In addition, such as Figure 6 As shown, according to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, after the second wake-up mode determination step S222, the self-wake-up control method for the fuel cell system after shutdown may further include:

[0085] Step S223 for obtaining the temperature of system components and coolant circulation pipes, wherein the actual temperature of the components and the actual temperature of the coolant circulation pipes are obtained, and the smaller value between the two is taken;

[0086] The actual temperature comparison and judgment step S224 includes comparing the smaller value with 0°C and determining whether it is less than 0°C; and

[0087] Based on the comparison between the smaller value and 0°C, different wake-up processes are executed.

[0088] In the above situations, such as Figure 6 As shown, according to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, the different wake-up processes may include:

[0089] If the smaller value is not less than 0℃ (i.e., the judgment result of the actual temperature comparison and judgment step S224 is N), the confirmed ambient temperature is updated (step S225), compared with 0℃, and it is determined whether it is less than 0℃ (step S226). If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is not less than 0℃ (i.e., the judgment result of step S226 is N), the process returns to the first wake-up time interval determination step S211. If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is less than 0℃ (i.e., the judgment result of step S226 is Y), the wake-up time interval is redefined as the third wake-up time interval t″ (step S227), and then the process returns to the system component and coolant circulation pipe temperature acquisition step S223; and

[0090] If the smaller value is less than 0°C (i.e., the judgment result of the actual temperature comparison and judgment step S224 is Y), the confirmed ambient temperature is updated (step S231), compared with 0°C, and it is determined whether it is less than 0°C (step S232). If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is not less than 0°C (i.e., the judgment result of step S232 is N), the wake-up time interval is redefined as the third wake-up time interval t″ (step S227), and then the process returns to the system component and coolant circulation pipeline temperature acquisition step S223. If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is less than 0°C (i.e., the judgment result of step S232 is Y), the temperature of the fuel cell stack is acquired (step S233, which can be, for example, according to...). Figure 2 The method shown is not limited to this. The temperature is compared with a second low temperature threshold that is less than the first low temperature threshold and it is determined whether the temperature is less than the second low temperature threshold (step S234). If the temperature of the fuel cell stack is less than the second low temperature threshold (i.e., the determination result of step S234 is Y), the third wake-up mode, which is presented as the high system wake-up mode, is executed (step S235), and then the process returns to the first wake-up time interval determination step S211. If the temperature of the fuel cell stack is not less than the second low temperature threshold (i.e., the determination result of step S234 is N), the wake-up time interval is redefined as the fourth wake-up time interval t″′ (step S236), and then the process returns to the system component and coolant circulation pipeline temperature acquisition step S223.

[0091] According to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, based on the mapping relationship pre-stored in the cloud platform, the time required for the components, the coolant circulation pipeline, and the fuel cell stack to cool down from different ambient temperatures to 0°C can be expressed as t. I0 t I1 t I2 The first wake-up time interval t, the second wake-up time interval t′, the third wake-up time interval t″, and the fourth wake-up time interval t″′ can be determined according to the following formula: t = N × t I0 , t′=t I0 , t″=t I1 -t I0 ,t″′=t I2 -t I1 , where N is a positive integer (which can be determined through experimentation or experience and can vary depending on the specific application or actual needs), and t varies with the ambient temperature. I0 t I1 t I2 Change accordingly.

[0092] According to an advantageous and feasible embodiment of this application, the second low-temperature threshold can be set to a range of -15°C to -10°C. In fact, the second low-temperature threshold is usually related to system integration design and low-temperature start-up strategy, and can be determined experimentally or empirically, and can be appropriately varied according to specific applications or actual needs.

[0093] To better and more intuitively understand the technical solution of this application, the following will again combine... Figure 6 An overview of a self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to an exemplary embodiment of this application is provided.

[0094] like Figure 6 As shown, at step S0, the fuel cell system completes shutdown and then enters the self-wake-up phase of this application. In step S100, for example, under the control of the fuel cell control unit, it can proceed according to... Figure 5 The method described above confirms the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system and, at step S210, determines whether the confirmed ambient temperature is less than 0°C. When the confirmed ambient temperature is less than 0°C, at step S221, based on the confirmed ambient temperature and retrieving the mapping relationship pre-stored in the cloud platform as described above (for example, the confirmed ambient temperature can be compared with a temperature drop table stored in the cloud platform, but this is not limited to), the wake-up time is determined as the second wake-up time interval t′. After reaching (or passing) the second wake-up time interval t′, a moderate system wake-up is performed at step S222. On the other hand, when the confirmed ambient temperature is not less than (i.e., equal to or greater than) 0°C, at step S211, the wake-up time of the fuel cell system is determined as the first wake-up time interval t. After reaching (or passing) the first wake-up time interval t, a mild system wake-up is performed at step S212. Subsequently, at step S213, the actual temperature T of the fuel cell system components is obtained. c and the actual temperature T of the coolant circulation pipeline L The smaller of the two values ​​is then taken. Subsequently, in step S214, the smaller value is compared with 0°C. If the smaller value is below 0°C, a moderate system wake-up is performed in step S222; otherwise, in step S215, the confirmed ambient temperature is updated (which can be referenced). Figure 5 The method shown is not limited to this. When the updated ambient temperature is not less than 0°C, the first wake-up time interval t is maintained (i.e., return to step S211); otherwise, proceed to step S222.

[0095] After step S222 (i.e., after the moderate system wake-up is completed), in step S223, the actual temperature T of the fuel cell system components is obtained. c and the actual temperature T of the coolant circulation pipelineL The smaller of the two values ​​is then taken. Next, in step S224, the smaller value is compared with 0°C. If the smaller value is not less than 0°C, in step S225, the confirmed ambient temperature is updated, and in step S226, the updated ambient temperature is compared with 0°C. When the updated ambient temperature is lower than 0°C, in step S225, the wake-up time is changed to the third wake-up time interval t″. After the wake-up time is reached, step S223 continues to be executed to monitor the temperature of system components and coolant circulation pipes. Otherwise, the wake-up time remains at the first wake-up time interval t, and step S211 continues. If the actual temperature T of the fuel cell system components... c and the actual temperature T of the coolant circulation pipeline L If the smaller of the two values ​​is below 0°C, the confirmed ambient temperature is still updated at step S231, and at step S232, the updated ambient temperature is compared with 0°C. If the updated ambient temperature is not lower than 0°C, the wake-up time is changed to the third wake-up time interval t″ (i.e., return to step S227); otherwise, at step S233, the stack temperature T3 is obtained (or predicted) (which can be referenced). Figure 2 (The process is carried out in the manner shown, but is not limited to this), and at step S234, the stack temperature T3 is compared with the second low-temperature threshold T. low Comparison. When the stack temperature T3 is greater than or equal to the second low-temperature threshold T... low At step S236, the wake-up time is changed to the fourth wake-up time interval t″′, while when the stack temperature T3 is less than the second low temperature threshold T low If so, then in step S235, a high-level system wake-up is performed.

[0096] It should be noted that the aforementioned wake-up times can be based on mapping relationships pre-stored in the cloud platform (e.g., Figure 4 The mapping relationship or temperature drop table shown below, relating the various components of the fuel cell system to the temperature drop time at different ambient temperatures, is used to determine this, i.e., t = N × t I0 Where N is a positive integer, t′=t I0 , t″=t I1 -t I0 ,t″′=t I2 -t I1 I represents 0, A, B, C, D, ...

[0097] As can be seen from the above description, in the above-mentioned self-wake-up control method for fuel cell system shutdown in this application, under normal circumstances, the medium system wake-up and the high system wake-up are each executed only once. That is, once the fuel cell system has performed a medium system wake-up or a high system wake-up after meeting the conditions, the system will not perform a medium system wake-up or a high system wake-up again in the later stage. After both the medium system wake-up and the high system wake-up are completed, the system wake-up time will be updated again and executed according to the first wake-up time interval, and only the mild system wake-up will be executed.

[0098] Therefore, this application proposes a novel self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown (in particular, a method and strategy for determining the self-wake-up time interval and wake-up mode of a fuel cell system after shutdown, based on a cloud platform). This method can accurately estimate / predict and confirm the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system using remote data acquired from outside the fuel cell vehicle (e.g., from a cloud platform) and local data acquired from the fuel cell vehicle itself (in particular, for example, predicting and utilizing future ambient temperatures during fuel cell vehicle operation based on remote data). Furthermore, it determines different wake-up time intervals and wake-up modes of the fuel cell system according to the different cooling rates of different components (e.g., obtaining a mapping relationship related to the temperature drop of the relevant components in different environments based on the temperature change rate of the relevant components in the fuel cell system (e.g., a temperature drop table, but not limited to this), thereby laying the foundation for the rational formulation of the subsequent self-wake-up process, and allowing for different wake-up time intervals and wake-up levels to be adopted in stages / gradually for the confirmed ambient temperature). In other words, by employing different control strategies, significant beneficial effects such as reducing the energy consumption of the fuel cell system, enhancing its environmental adaptability, and improving its durability and reliability can be achieved.

[0099] Furthermore, it should be noted that the above description mainly uses the case of using a hydrogen fuel cell system and a cloud platform as an example (so the method can therefore be applied and developed in the fuel cell system cloud platform) to describe in detail the specific implementation of the self-wake-up control method of the fuel cell system after shutdown of this application, but it is obviously not limited to this.

[0100] In addition, it should be noted that more details regarding the use of the cloud platform, the establishment of the cloud platform data model, and the training method involved in this application are not elaborated here for the sake of brevity, as they are generally known technologies in the field and can be specifically applied by those skilled in the art based on existing knowledge and application environments.

[0101] Furthermore, as can be seen from the foregoing description, the self-wake-up control method for fuel cell systems after shutdown in this application is particularly applicable to long-distance transport vehicles, but is obviously not limited thereto.

[0102] Furthermore, it is obvious that, as stated above, the exemplary embodiments and their steps described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are provided by way of illustration only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of this application, and are not intended to limit this application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, without departing from the basic principles or technical concept of this application, the number, order, and specific content of the steps in the embodiments shown in the figures can be appropriately increased, decreased, or adjusted according to specific applications or actual needs (for example, the judgment conditions and parameter values ​​in each step can be appropriately changed or adjusted). Moreover, regarding some details not described in detail, those skilled in the art can make specific designs or selective applications based on known technologies and common knowledge in the field; for the sake of brevity, they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0103] It should be understood that in this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish one element (e.g., a numerical value, step, or state) from another element, and do not imply any limitation on this application.

[0104] In accordance with the aforementioned self-wake-up control method for fuel cell systems after shutdown, this application also proposes a related (in other words, corresponding) control unit, which may include:

[0105] Processor; and

[0106] A memory storing computer programs / instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown as described above.

[0107] Obviously, the self-wake-up control method (also referred to as the control method) of the fuel cell system after shutdown of this application can be executed by the control unit of this application, and the various technical features, specific details, and technical effects described for the method are also applicable to the control unit. Moreover, each step and technical detail of the method described above can be stored in the control unit in software form, or implemented by a combination of software and hardware. In addition, the control unit of this application can be integrated into various existing control units in fuel cell vehicles (e.g., vehicle control unit or fuel cell control unit, but not limited thereto), but is obviously not limited thereto.

[0108] Furthermore, according to another aspect of this application, a computer-readable storage medium (i.e., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) is also proposed, which stores executable instructions (or program instructions) that, when executed by a processor, can implement the self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown as described above.

[0109] In addition, according to another aspect of this application, a computer program product is also proposed, which includes a computer program (or instructions) wherein, when executed by a processor, the computer program can implement the self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown as described above.

[0110] Accordingly, this application may also provide a computer system including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, can implement the self-wake-up control method for the fuel cell system after shutdown as described above.

[0111] The present application has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments. It is obvious that, as stated above, the description and embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings should be understood as exemplary and not as limiting the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or alterations without departing from the spirit of the present application. Obviously, these modifications or alterations do not depart from the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for self-wake-up control of a fuel cell system after shutdown, which can control the self-wake-up process of the fuel cell system of a fuel cell vehicle after shutdown based on remote data acquired from outside the fuel cell vehicle and local data acquired from the fuel cell vehicle, the method comprising: An ambient temperature estimation and confirmation step (S100) is performed, wherein in response to the shutdown of the fuel cell system, remote data related to the driving of the fuel cell vehicle is acquired from the outside of the fuel cell vehicle and local data related to the driving of the fuel cell vehicle is acquired from the fuel cell vehicle, and the ambient temperature of the fuel cell system is estimated and confirmed based on the remote data and the local data. as well as The self-wake-up process determination step (S200) involves determining a corresponding wake-up time interval and wake-up mode based on the confirmed ambient temperature and data related to temperature changes in relevant components of the fuel cell system.

2. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 1, wherein, The fuel cell vehicle is configured to wirelessly communicate with a cloud platform located outside the fuel cell vehicle, and the remote data is acquired from the cloud platform; and The relevant components of the fuel cell system include the fuel cell system components, coolant circulation pipelines, and fuel cell stack. Data related to temperature changes of the relevant components of the fuel cell system include the real-time temperatures of the components, the coolant circulation pipelines, and the fuel cell stack, as well as the time required for them to decrease from different ambient temperatures to a first low-temperature threshold.

3. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 2, wherein, The wake-up modes include: A mild system wake-up mode in which the temperature of each sensor in the fuel cell system is acquired in real time and the confirmed ambient temperature of the fuel cell system is updated. A moderate system wake-up mode, in addition to performing the operations in the light system wake-up mode, also wakes up the actuators related to the purging of the fuel cell system components and performs purging of the fuel cell system components; and In the high-level system wake-up mode, in addition to performing the operations in the medium-level system wake-up mode, the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system is activated and the interior of the fuel cell stack is purged.

4. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 3, wherein, The fuel cell system is a hydrogen fuel cell system, which includes an anode subsystem, a cathode subsystem, and a thermal management subsystem. The anode subsystem includes an anode discharge valve, the cathode subsystem includes an air compressor and a back pressure valve, and the thermal management subsystem includes a pump body for pumping coolant. In the medium system wake-up mode, the process of waking up the actuators related to the purging of the fuel cell system components includes waking up the air compressor, the back pressure valve, the anode discharge valve, and the pump body.

5. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, The ambient temperature estimation and confirmation step (S100) includes: The location information acquisition step (S110) involves acquiring the real-time location information of the fuel cell vehicle based on the vehicle-mounted cloud control unit of the fuel cell vehicle and the big data from the cloud platform. The area and time determination step (S120) involves determining the current area and current time of the fuel cell vehicle based on the real-time positioning information. Temperature acquisition step (S130), wherein the current ambient temperature of the fuel cell system is acquired in real time, the historical lowest temperature of the current region at the same time K years ago is acquired in the cloud platform, and the possible lowest temperature of the current region in the next P days is predicted by the cloud platform. Temperature comparison step (S140), wherein the current ambient temperature, the historical lowest temperature, and the possible lowest temperature are compared and the minimum value is taken; and Ambient temperature confirmation step (S150), wherein the minimum value is determined as the confirmed ambient temperature, wherein K and P are both natural numbers greater than or equal to 1, and are determined based on experiments or experience.

6. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, The fuel cell system is a hydrogen fuel cell system. The first low temperature threshold is set to 0°C. The time required for the components, the coolant circulation pipeline, and the stack to decrease from different ambient temperatures to 0°C is determined in advance through experiments, and their mapping relationship is stored in advance in the cloud platform. The self-wake-up process determination step (S200) includes: Confirm the temperature comparison and judgment step (S210), wherein the confirmed ambient temperature is compared with 0°C and it is determined whether it is less than 0°C; The first wake-up time interval determination step (S211) and the subsequent first wake-up mode determination step (S212) are as follows: In the first wake-up time interval determination step (S211), if the confirmed ambient temperature is not less than 0°C, the wake-up time interval after the fuel cell system shutdown is determined as the first wake-up time interval t based on the mapping relationship stored in the cloud platform; and in the first wake-up mode determination step (S212), the first wake-up mode, which is the mild system wake-up mode, is executed; or The second wake-up time interval determination step (S221) and the subsequent second wake-up mode determination step (S222) are as follows: In the second wake-up time interval determination step (S221), if the confirmed ambient temperature is less than 0°C, the wake-up time interval is determined as the second wake-up time interval t′ based on the mapping relationship stored in the cloud platform; and in the second wake-up mode determination step (S222), the second wake-up mode, which is the moderate system wake-up mode, is executed.

7. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 6, wherein, After the first wake-up mode determination step (S212), the fuel cell system shutdown self-wake-up control method further includes: The system component and coolant circulation pipeline temperature acquisition step (S213) involves acquiring the actual temperature of the component and the actual temperature of the coolant circulation pipeline, and taking the smaller value between the two. The actual temperature comparison and judgment step (S214) involves comparing the smaller value with 0°C and determining whether it is less than 0°C; and Based on the comparison between the smaller value and 0°C, different wake-up processes are executed.

8. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 7, wherein, The different wake-up processes include: If the smaller value is not less than 0°C, the confirmed ambient temperature is updated, compared with 0°C, and it is determined whether it is less than 0°C. If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is not less than 0°C, the process returns to the first wake-up time interval determination step (S211). If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is less than 0°C, the process proceeds to the second wake-up time interval determination step (S221). If the smaller value is less than 0°C, proceed to the second wake-up mode determination step (S222).

9. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 6, wherein, After the second wake-up mode determination step (S222), the fuel cell system shutdown self-wake-up control method further includes: The system component and coolant circulation pipeline temperature acquisition step (S223) involves acquiring the actual temperature of the component and the actual temperature of the coolant circulation pipeline, and taking the smaller value between the two. The actual temperature comparison and judgment step (S224) involves comparing the smaller value with 0°C and determining whether it is less than 0°C; and Based on the comparison between the smaller value and 0°C, different wake-up processes are executed.

10. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 9, wherein, The different wake-up processes include: If the smaller value is not less than 0°C, the confirmed ambient temperature is updated and compared with 0°C. If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is not less than 0°C, the process returns to the first wake-up time interval determination step (S211). If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is less than 0°C, the wake-up time interval is redefined as the third wake-up time interval t″, and the process then returns to the system component and coolant circulation pipe temperature acquisition step (S223). If the smaller value is less than 0°C, the confirmed ambient temperature is updated and compared with 0°C. If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is not less than 0°C, the wake-up time interval is redefined as the third wake-up time interval t″, and then the process returns to the system component and coolant circulation pipeline temperature acquisition step (S223). If the reconfirmed ambient temperature is less than 0°C, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is acquired, and the temperature of the fuel cell stack is compared with a second low temperature threshold that is less than the first low temperature threshold and it is determined whether it is less than the second low temperature threshold. If the temperature of the fuel cell stack is less than the second low temperature threshold, the third wake-up mode, which is presented as the high system wake-up mode, is executed, and then the process returns to the first wake-up time interval determination step (S211). If the temperature of the fuel cell stack is not less than the second low temperature threshold, the wake-up time interval is redefined as the fourth wake-up time interval t″′, and then the process returns to the system component and coolant circulation pipeline temperature acquisition step (S223).

11. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 10, wherein, Based on the mapping relationships pre-stored in the cloud platform, the time required for the components, the coolant circulation pipeline, and the fuel cell stack to cool down to 0°C from different ambient temperatures is represented as t. I0 t I1 t I2 The first wake-up time interval t, the second wake-up time interval t′, the third wake-up time interval t″, and the fourth wake-up time interval t″′ are determined according to the following formulas: t = N × t I0 , t′=t I0 , t″=t I1 -t I0 ,t″′=t I2 -t I1 Where N is a positive integer, and t varies with ambient temperature. I0 t I1 t I2 Change accordingly.

12. The self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown according to claim 10, wherein, The second low temperature threshold is in the range of -15℃ to -10℃ and is determined through experiments or experience.

13. A control unit comprising: processor; as well as A memory storing a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by the processor, implements the self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown as described in any one of claims 1-12.

14. A computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown as described in any one of claims 1-12.

15. A computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the self-wake-up control method for a fuel cell system after shutdown as described in any one of claims 1-12.

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